Curves v7 5 Sr1 en Rev A

Curves
V7.5 SR1 Manual
curves-v7-5-sr1_1st_en_rev-a
17-Dez-2012
Curves / Units A-F

GOM mbH Mittelweg 7-8 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 531 390 29 0
E-Mail: info@gom.com Fax: +49 (0) 531 390 29 15 www.gom.com
Notes Notes
Standard Symbols
In this user manual the following signal words may be used:
This label points to a situation that might be dangerous and could lead to serious bodily harm or to death. This label points to a situation that might be dangerous and could lead to light bodily harm. This label points to a situation in which the product or an object in the vicinity of the product might be damaged. This label indicates important application notes and other useful information.
Information about the Training Document

This user manual requires the knowledge of the following trainings: Inspection - Basic and Inspection - Advanced . This manual consists of several Units that are based on each other chronologically from simple to complex contents. Each unit has a demonstration and an exercise part if possible. In the Demonstration the trainer explains the contents and shows the workflow in concrete examples. The Exercise helps the training participants to repeat and consolidate the newly learned.
Overview of the Units

Unit A General Information about Curves Unit B Analyze Spring and Trimming Unit C Analyze Curvature Curves and Character Lines Unit D Analyze Flush and Gap Unit E Contrast Lines Unit F Other Curve Applications
Safety and Health Hazard Notes
To avoid accidents and damages to the devices, please observe the safety and health hazard notes in the sensor-specific User Information!
Training Goal
At the end of the training you will be able: To create different curve types. To carry out simple and more complex curve analyses. To create contrast lines on image mapping images. To edit meshes by means of curves.
Legal Notes
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translations, transformations or adaptations) without the prior written permission of GOM. GOM reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes in content from time to time without obligation on the part of GOM to provide notification of such revision or change. GOM provides this manual without warranty of any kind, either implied or expressed, including, but not limited, to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. GOM may improve or change the manual and/or the product(s) described herein at any time. Copyright 2012 GOM mbH All rights reserved!
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Table of Contents
C 1.2 C 1.2.1 C 1.2.2 C 1.2.3 C 1.2.4 Analyze Character Lines ____________________________ 6 Create a Curvature Curve ___________________________ 7 Measuring Principle "Fitting Curve" ___________________ 7 Measuring Principle "Character Values" ________________ 7 Analyze Bending Distance __________________________ 8
Curves / Units A-F

Notes 2 Standard Symbols _________________________________ Safety and Health Hazard Notes ______________________ Legal Notes ______________________________________ Information about the Training Document _______________ Overview of the Units _______________________________ Training Goal _____________________________________
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2 2 2 2 2 2
C2
C 2.1 C 2.2
Exercise___________________________________ 10
Approach to the Exercise __________________________ 11 Finished Demo Projects ___________________________ 11
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Curves / Unit D
Curves / Unit A
D D1
A A1
A 1.1 A 1.1.1 A 1.1.2 A 1.1.3 A 1.2 A 1.2.1 A 1.2.2 A 1.3 A 1.3.1 A 1.3.2 A 1.3.3
General Information about Curves _____________ 3 Demonstration ______________________________ 3
A2
Curve Types _____________________________________ 3 Surface Curve ____________________________________ 3 Edge Curve ______________________________________ 4 Curve __________________________________________ 5 Construct Curves _________________________________ 5 Terminology and Colors ____________________________ 6 Cursor Shapes and Corresponding Editing Functions _____ 8 Analyze Curves__________________________________ 13 Possible Checks _________________________________ 13 Continuous Curve Distance ________________________ 21 Pointwise Inspection ______________________________ 23
D 1.1 D 1.1.1 D 1.1.2 D 1.1.3 D 1.2 D 1.2.1 D 1.2.2 D 1.2.3 D 1.2.4 D 1.3 D 1.3.1 D 1.3.2 D 1.3.3 D 1.3.4
Analyze Flush and Gap _______________________ 3 Demonstration _______________________________ 3
D2
Hemmed Edge Analysis ____________________________ 3 Create Edge Curve ________________________________ 3 Measuring Principle "Hemmed Edge Curves" ___________ 4 Analysis (dT) _____________________________________ 5 Gap Analysis _____________________________________ 6 Create Edge Curve ________________________________ 6 Measuring Principle "Gap Curves" ____________________ 6 Analyze Gap Deviation _____________________________ 8 Tips & Tricks _____________________________________ 9 Flush Analysis ___________________________________ 13 Create Edge Curve _______________________________ 13 Measuring Principle "Flush Curves" __________________ 13 Check Flush Deviation ____________________________ 15 Tips & Tricks ____________________________________ 17
A 2.1 A 2.1.1 A 2.1.2 A 2.1.3
Exercise __________________________________ 25
Approach to the Exercise __________________________ 26 Create Surface Curve _____________________________ 26 Create Edge Curve _______________________________ 27 Connect and Separate Curve Parts __________________ 27
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D 2.1 D 2.2
Exercise___________________________________ 18
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Curves / Unit E
Curves / Unit B
E E1
B B1
B 1.1 B 1.1.1 B 1.1.2 B 1.1.3 B 1.2
Determine Spring Using a Surface Curve ______________ 3 Create Surface Curve from Edge _____________________ 3 Measuring Principle "Project Curve Onto Actual" _________ 4 Spring Analysis (dN Deviation) _______________________ 5 Determine Spring and Trimming by Means of an Edge Curve ______________________________________ 6 B 1.2.1 Create Edge Curve ________________________________ 6 B 1.2.2 Measuring Principle Gray Value Feature _______________ 7 B 1.2.3 Analysis of Spring and Trimming (dN and dT) ___________ 7
Analyze Spring and Trimming ________________ 3 Demonstration ______________________________ 3
E 1.1 E 1.2 E 1.3 E 1.3.1 E 1.4
Contrast Lines ______________________________ 3 Demonstration _______________________________ 3
E2
Computation Method for a Contrast Line _______________ 3 Create Contrast Lines ______________________________ 4 Determine the Center of a Contrast Line ______________ 10 Create Division Curve _____________________________ 11 Project Curves Onto Meshes _______________________ 12
E 2.1 E 2.2
Exercise___________________________________ 13
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Curves / Unit F
B2
B 2.1 B 2.1.1 B 2.1.2 B 2.2
Exercise ___________________________________ 9
Approach to the Exercise __________________________ 10 Analyze Surface Curve from Edge ___________________ 10 Analyze Edge Curve ______________________________ 11 Finished Demo Projects ___________________________ 12
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F F1
Curves / Unit C
F 1.1 F 1.1.1 F 1.2 F 1.2.1 F 1.2.2 F 1.2.3
Other Curve Applications _____________________ 3 Demonstration _______________________________ 3
F2
Contour Lines ____________________________________ 3 Create Surface Curve ______________________________ 3 Meshes Editing by Means of Curves __________________ 5 Create Surface Curve ______________________________ 5 Create Offset Curve _______________________________ 6 Cut Actual Mesh By Curve __________________________ 7
C C1
C 1.1 C 1.1.1 C 1.1.2 C 1.1.3 C 1.1.4
Analyze Curvature Curves and Character Lines__ 3 Demonstration ______________________________ 3
Analyze Curvature Curves __________________________ 3 Create a Curvature Curve __________________________ 3 Measuring Principle "Line of Maximum Curvature" _______ 4 Measuring Principle "Radius" ________________________ 4 Analyze Radius ___________________________________ 5
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F 2.1 F 2.1.1 F 2.1.2 F 2.2
Exercise___________________________________ 10
Approach to the Exercise __________________________ 11 Create Contour Line ______________________________ 11 Cut Rear Wheel Housing __________________________ 11 Finished Demo Projects ___________________________ 13
Curves / Units A-F
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General Information about Curves

Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
Curves / Unit A
A A1
A 1.1 A 1.1.1 A 1.1.2 A 1.1.3 A 1.2 A 1.2.1
General Information about Curves _____________ 3 Demonstration _______________________________ 3
Curve Types _____________________________________ 3 Surface Curve ____________________________________ 3 Edge Curve ______________________________________ 4 Curve___________________________________________ 5 Construct Curves _________________________________ 5 Terminology and Colors ____________________________ 6
Terminology ____________________________________________6 Colors ________________________________________________7
A 1.2.2 Cursor Shapes and Corresponding Editing Functions _____ 8 A 1.3 Analyze Curves __________________________________ 13 A 1.3.1 Possible Checks _________________________________ 13
dXYZ Deviation (Curve)__________________________________13 dX Deviation (Curve) ____________________________________14 dY Deviation (Curve) ____________________________________14 dZ Deviation (Curve) ____________________________________15 dN Deviation (Curve) ____________________________________15 dT Deviation (Curve) ____________________________________16 dIP Deviation (Curve) ___________________________________16 dR Deviation (Curve) ____________________________________17 Bending Distance ______________________________________18 Gap Deviation _________________________________________19 Flush Deviation ________________________________________20 Deviation Labels _______________________________________23 Inspection points _______________________________________23 Task_________________________________________________25 Workflow _____________________________________________25 Approach _____________________________________________25 Goal _________________________________________________26 Conditions ____________________________________________26 Connect and Separate Curve Parts__________________________9
A 1.3.2 Continuous Curve Distance ________________________ 21 A 1.3.3 Pointwise Inspection ______________________________ 23
A2
Exercise___________________________________ 25
A 2.1
Approach to the Exercise __________________________ 26
A 2.1.1 Create Surface Curve _____________________________ 26 A 2.1.2 Create Edge Curve _______________________________ 27 A 2.1.3 Connect and Separate Curve Parts __________________ 27
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Demonstration
A General Information about Curves

A1 Demonstration
The GOM software offers many possibilities to create so-called curves in your project. In addition, the software provides extensive analysis functions for curves in the I-Inspect menu. You may use the curve functions in many ways, according to your inspection tasks. Using such curves, you may, for example, analyze spring and trimming as well as flush and gap, carry out a radius analysis, a character line analysis or a position check, etc. Furthermore, you may use curves for design purposes and for mesh editing. In this chapter, we will explain the basic curve functionality and how curves are handled.
A 1.1
Curve Types
There are different types of curves. You may assign measuring principles to curves and then inspect them and carry out various checks. Curves may be open or closed. The three most important types are: Surface Curve Edge Curve Curve During curve definition, you may undo each action with Ctrl+Z or redo it with Ctrl+Y.
A 1.1.1 Surface Curve Generally, surface curves are clicked on mesh surfaces.
Surface curve on CAD data
Constructed on: Nominal meshes Actual meshes Image mapping Specific characteristics: Normal vector Always projected on meshes
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Used to create: Curvature curves Freely clicked curves on the mesh Contrast lines Fields of application, e.g.: Sheet metal measuring tasks Inspection tasks Mesh editing A 1.1.2 Edge Curve Edge curves run along mesh edges or patch borders.
Edge curve on CAD data
Constructed on: Nominal meshes Actual meshes Specific characteristics: Trimming and normal vectors Used to create: Curves on mesh edges Curves on patch borders Fields of application, e.g.: Sheet metal measuring tasks Inspection tasks
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A 1.1.3 Curve This curve type describes an independent, free curve in space which may run anywhere.
Free curve during the construction phase on the actual data
Constructed on: Points Nominal meshes Actual meshes Image mapping Specific characteristics: Runs free in space, independent of meshes Used to create: Free lines in space Contrast lines Fields of application, e.g.: Design tasks
A 1.2
Construct Curves
You find the functions for constructing curves in the software under Construct Curves .... The dialogs for constructing the three main curves offer various setting options. Generally speaking, we construct curves by clicking. In addition, the software is able to automatically trace a curve according to certain criteria. Thus, you may create curves fast and efficiently. Use Ctrl+Shift+LMB to automatically trace the curve run or click the curve on the mesh with Ctrl+LMB. In order to make it easier for you to work with curves, in the following, we listed terms, colors and cursor shapes used in connection with curves.
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A 1.2.1 Terminology and Colors
Te r m i n o l o g y
Term Curve Description A curve is the element which appears in the explorer after creation. It may contain several curve parts. Example
Complete curve selected in the explorer with curve parts and . Curve part A curve part is a piece of curve which is not merged with another piece of curve. Curve parts may be arranged separately. However, they may also share one marker. A curve segment is the path between two markers. Example see above.
Curve segment
Curve segment Marker A marker is the marking displayed as a sphere on a curve or curve part. A marker can be Active marker moved to change the curve. Markers may behave differently, depending on whether they were created by automatic curve tracing or by clicking. Using this automatism, the software calculates the run of a curve and, starting from the clicked position, draws it in both directions as long as the respective algorithm allows it.
between two markers
Trace curves
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Colors
Color Light gray markers Description The light gray markers indicate that the run of the curve was clicked manually. Example
Demonstration
Active curve part with manually clicked markers . Dark gray markers The dark gray markers indicate that the run of the curve was traced automatically according to the adjusted options.
Active curve part with automatically traced curve run . Blue or green markers Blue markers indicate that this is a nominal curve part which is not active for editing. Green markers indicate that this is an actual curve part which is not active for editing.
Inactive curve part White line or marker A line or a marker is white when you move the mouse over it. An editing action like adding a marker takes effect on this area.
on nominal data.
Mouse over curve segment
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A 1.2.2 Cursor Shapes and Corresponding Editing Functions
Description The curve function is called up. You may start creating or editing. When you move the cursor on an inactive curve part, you may activate it by a click. When pressing Ctrl+Shift, you call up automatic curve tracing. As soon as you now click with the left mouse button, a curve part is automatically drawn into both directions according to the adjusted options. If you want a manually clicked curve to be continued with automatic tracing, you define the position until which the automatic tracing runs by a mouse click.
Cursor shape
If you press Ctrl and click with the left mouse button, you may
create markers manually and thus create or supplement a curve part. In order to supplement a curve part, the first or last marker needs to be active. If only the marker is active but no curve part, you start a new curve part from this marker which automatically shares the marker with the already existing curve parts. If nothing is selected, you start a separate curve part. When you move the cursor over an active curve segment, the cursor also changes and by a simple click with the left mouse button you may add a marker to the curve segment. When you press Ctrl and move the cursor over an active curve segment or over an existing marker and click with the left mouse button, you may delete the marker or the curve segment. The marker, the curve segment or the curve part which may be deleted are displayed in red. If you delete a curve segment, this automatically results in two curve parts! When you move the cursor in an active curve part onto an existing marker and keep the left mouse button pressed, you may move the marker to a different position. When several curve parts share a marker, this marker is moved commonly if the curve parts are inactive. If one curve part is active, you detach the marker and can move it separately for this curve part. When you move the last active marker of a curve part onto the start marker, you may close this curve with Ctrl and click on the start marker. and You see these two cursors when you want to connect or separate curve parts. The following images explain step by step how to proceed.
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Connect and Separate Curve Parts Initial situation Three independent curve parts share one marker . We want to connect the left and middle curve part to become one.
Curve parts and common marker
Combine curve parts - step 1 We press the Ctrl key. The cursor changes for deletion. By a simple click of the left mouse button, we would delete the red curve part. However, we do not want to do this, therefore, we keep the left mouse button pressed!
Prepare combining
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Combine curve parts - step 2 As soon as we keep the left mouse button pressed, the cursor changes and the curve segment becomes yellow. A green connecting line appears. We now drag the cursor onto the second curve part.
With the mouse button pressed, drag the cursor.
Combine curve parts - step 3 As soon as we reach the adjacent curve segment of the second curve part, the cursor changes again and indicates that the two curve parts will be connected to one and thus a rounded transition will be created.
The changed cursor indicates that the two curve parts will be combined as soon as you release the mouse button.
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Combine curve parts - result The curve parts are merged in the common marker (rounded transition).
Combined curve segment
Separating curve parts again If we now apply steps 1 to 3 for a merged curve part, we may separate it again. The cursor represents the two separate curve parts. If we now click, a sharp transition is created between the curve parts.
The changed cursor indicates that the two curve parts will be separated as soon as you release the mouse button.
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You only can merge or separate adjacent curve segments of curve parts, i.e. they need to share a marker. It is also possible to merge e.g. the first and third curve part because they share the marker .
Merging the two outer curve parts
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A 1.3 Analyze Curves
Demonstration
Within the I-Inspect menu, the software offers various checks for analyzing curves. Select an element in the explorer and I-Inspect shows you under
(Check) all available checking functions for this element. The checking functions offered depend on the curve type and on the measuring principles which you assigned to the curves. Each curve requires a nominal and an actual element for inspection. The required actual elements result if you assign a measuring principle to your initial curve. Please carry out inspection tasks on polygonized measuring data only. Inspection on measurement series is just meant for "Fast Inspection"! The result elements are listed in the explorer in the category Inspection. During each check you carry out, you may set tolerances in the check dialog for the element to be analyzed. If you would like to change tolerances later, call up function Edit Creation Parameters (F4) on the result element in the explorer. For curves, you may carry out the following checks: dXYZ dX dY dZ dN (normal deviation) dT (trimming deviation) diP (in-plane deviation) dR (radius deviation) Bending distance Gap deviation Flush deviation In the following, we briefly describe the different checks for curves. A 1.3.1 Possible Checks
dXYZ Deviation (Curve) Using this function, you may determine the total deviation of an actual curve from its respective nominal curve in space. The resulting distance values are always positive! The function is available for surface curves, edge curves and curves. Computation method: On each point of the nominal curve a plane is created perpendicular to this curve. Where the actual curve intersects this plane, the closest point (in case the curve intersects the plane several times) which fulfills the adjusted criteria is defined as partner point. Between the nominal point and its partner point the software computes the distance.
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Example edge curve: The figure shows the total deviation in space between the actual curve (green) and the nominal curve (blue with vector arrows).
dX Deviation (Curve) Using this function, you may determine the deviation of an actual curve from its respective nominal curve in X direction. The function is available for surface curves, edge curves and curves. Computation method: The computation method is identical to that for dXYZ. However, here only the portion in X direction is measured. Distance in X direction: Distance against the X direction: Positive sign. Negative sign.
Example edge curve: The figure shows the deviation in X direction between the actual curve (green) and the nominal curve (blue with vector arrows).
dY Deviation (Curve) Using this function, you may determine the deviation of an actual curve from its respective nominal curve in Y direction. The function is available for surface curves, edge curves and curves. Computation method: The computation method is identical to that for dXYZ. However, here only the portion in Y direction is measured. Distance in Y direction: Distance against the Y direction: Positive sign. Negative sign.
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Example edge curve: The figure shows the deviation in Y direction between the actual curve (green) and the nominal curve (blue with vector arrows).
dZ Deviation (Curve) Using this function, you may determine the deviation of an actual curve from its respective nominal curve in Z direction. The function is available for surface curves, edge curves and curves. Computation method: The computation method is identical to that for dXYZ. However, here only the portion in Z direction is measured. Distance in Z direction: Distance against the Z direction: Positive sign. Negative sign.
Example edge curve: The figure shows the deviation in Z direction between the actual curve (green) and the nominal curve (blue with vector arrows).
dN Deviation (Curve) Using this function, you may determine the normal deviation of an actual curve from its respective nominal curve. The function is available for surface curves and edge curves. Computation method: The computation method is identical to that for dXYZ. However, here only the portion in normal direction is measured. Distance in normal direction: Distance against the normal direction: Positive sign. Negative sign.
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Example edge curve: The figure shows the normal deviation between the actual curve (green) and the nominal curve (blue with vector arrows).
dT Deviation (Curve) Using this function, you may determine the trimming deviation of an actual curve from its respective nominal curve. The function is available for edge curves only. Computation method: The computation method is identical to that for dXYZ. However, here only the portion in trimming direction is measured. Distance in trimming direction: Distance against the trimming direction: Positive sign. Negative sign.
Example edge curve: The figure shows the trimming deviation between the actual curve (green) and the nominal curve (blue with vector arrows).
dIP Deviation (Curve) Using this function, you may determine the deviation of an actual curve from its corresponding nominal curve in the plane which is determined by the normal vectors of the nominal curve. The function is available for surface curves and edge curves. Computation method: On each point of the nominal curve a plane is created perpendicular to this curve. Where the actual curve intersects this plane, the closest point (in case the curve intersects the plane several times) which fulfills the adjusted criteria is defined as partner point. This point is projected onto the plane which is determined by the normal vectors of the
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nominal curve. Between the nominal point and its partner point the software computes the distance. The distance values are always positive.
Example edge curve: The figure shows the deviation in the plane between the actual curve (green) and the nominal curve (blue with vector arrows).
dR Deviation (Curve) Using this function you may determine the deviation of the surface curvature of the measuring data from the surface curvature of the CAD data along a nominal and an actual curve. The function is available for surface curves only. Prerequisites: Before you can use this function, you need to assign either the measuring principle Radius or the measuring principle Character Values to the nominal curve. The resulting curve already contains all necessary information for a radius analysis. Depending on the measuring principle you chose, the software computes the nominal and actual circles for the radius analysis differently. For further information please refer Unit C of this manual. Computation method: For each point of the curve, the software subtracts the radius of the nominal circle from the radius of the actual circle. Actual radius larger: Actual radius smaller: Positive sign. Negative sign.
Example: We selected the nominal curve in the explorer and using I-Inspect, we carried out the radius analysis. On the result element, we placed some deviation labels and thus can see the results.
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Bending Distance Using this function you may determine the deviation of the surface curvature of the measuring data from the surface curvature of the CAD data along a nominal and an actual curve. This function is particularly suitable for analyzing character lines. With the help of the bending distance you may determine whether a character line is too sharp or too flat. The function is available for surface curves only. Prerequisites: Before you can use this function, you need to assign the measuring principle Character Values to the nominal curve. The resulting curve already contains all necessary information for a bending distance analysis and for a radius analysis. For this measuring principle, the nominal and actual circles for the radius analysis are computed differently as for the measuring principle Radius. For further information please refer to Unit C of this manual. Computation method: The software determines the bending distance by virtually superimposing the respective curvature circles such that they have a common chord with the length of the patch width (see figure below). The resulting distance between the nominal circle and the actual circle is the bending distance.
Principle representation: Theoretic determination of the bending distance (pink)
Surface curvature too strong: Surface curvature too low:
Positive sign. Negative sign.
Example: We selected the nominal curve in the explorer and using I-Inspect, we carried out the bending distance analysis. On the result element, we placed some deviation labels and thus can see the results.
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Gap Deviation When applying this function, you may determine the gap difference between the nominal data and the actual data. This means, the software checks to what extent the gap width of the nominal data matches the gap width of the actual data. You may use this check e.g. if you want to analyze the gap between two rounded nominal sheet metal edges or actual sheet metal edges. The function is available for edge curves only. Prerequisites: Before you can use this function, you need to assign either the measuring principle Gap Curves or the measuring principle Flush Curves to the nominal edge curve. The measuring principles create all auxiliary elements required for the respective analysis and determine the continuous curve distance which contains all information necessary for this check. See also A 1.3.2. Computation method: The software determines the gap difference by subtracting the nominal continuous curve distance from the actual continuous curve distance, both resulting from the measuring principle. Actual gap larger than nominal gap: Positive sign. Actual gap smaller than nominal gap: Negative sign.
Example: We check our nominal edge curve with I-Inspect Check Gap Deviation and get the difference between the nominal and actual curve distances . From the legend and the deviation labels we see that the actual gap is smaller than the nominal gap.
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Flush Deviation Using this function, you may determine the difference between the height difference of two nominal surfaces and the corresponding height difference of two actual surfaces. This means, the software checks to what extent the actual flushness deviates from the nominal flushness. You may use this check e.g. if you want to analyze the flushness between two rounded nominal sheet metal edges and actual sheet metal edges. The function is available for edge curves only. Prerequisites: Before you can use this function, you need to assign the measuring principle Flush Curves to the initial nominal edge curve. The measuring principle creates all auxiliary elements required for the analysis and determines the continuous curve distance which contains all information necessary for this check. See also A 1.3.2. Computation method: The software always calculates actual value minus nominal value. For the representation in the 3D view, the software takes the side where you defined the initial edge curve as reference side! The software determines the flush difference by subtracting the nominal continuous curve distance from the actual continuous curve distance, both resulting from the measuring principle. Actual difference larger than nominal difference: Positive sign. Actual difference smaller than nominal difference: Negative sign.
Example: We check our nominal edge curve with I-Inspect Check Flush Deviation and get the difference between the nominal and actual curve distances . From the legend and the deviation labels we see that the actual difference is smaller than the nominal difference.
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A 1.3.2 Continuous Curve Distance The measuring principles Hemmed Edge Curves, Gap Curves and Flush Curves automatically create, among others, nominal and actual curves which contain the so-called continuous curve distance. You may use this function manually as well (Construct Distance Continuous Curve Distance). The software determines the distances between two curves or sections or between a curve and a section over the entire length of the curves or sections. In the following, we will only speak of curves which includes the sections. Principle: Internally, the software constructs for each point on the curve a plane which is perpendicular to the curve tangents. Where the second curve intersects this plane, there lies the second point to which the distance is determined. Please pay attention to which curve you select first and which second. The internal planes are always created on the first curve. Depending on which curve you choose, different planes result and thus different distance values.
Example: Between the two nominal curves and the distance is determined. The software displays the distance lines in a default color. For a better overview, in this figure we limited the number of points for which the distances are determined.
If you would like to see the numerical values for the distance between two curves, go to the PROPERTIES of the element and in tab Display choose for Color and Display vectors the option From legend. The distances are then displayed in color and from the legend scale you can see the numerical values for the corresponding colors. This is NOT a comparison between nominal and actual! Do not mistake it for the color representations of an analysis! Here, you only see the distance values between two curves of the same kind, e.g. nominal curves.
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Example: Color representation of the distances for the continuous curve distance between two nominal curves. The distance here is between 6.4 mm and 6.6 mm.
Of course, you may analyze a continuous curve distance via I-Inspect (Check) if you have the required nominal and actual elements in your project. Select the nominal curve distance in the explorer and choose the desired check function. The comparison of the distances is displayed one half on each nominal curve. If the vectors point towards the inside, the actual distances are smaller than the nominal distances. If the vectors point towards the outside, the actual distances are larger than the nominal distances.
Example: Here, we used the XYZ distance to determine to what extend the distances of the nominal curves differ from the distances of the corresponding actual curves.
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A 1.3.3 Pointwise Inspection The above mentioned analyses always consider the entire curve. However, sometimes it is of interest to analyze a curve at certain points only. The main toolbar in workspace Inspection offers different functions for that.
Deviation Labels On all types of color deviation representations, you may place deviation labels giving you a quick overview of on-the-spot deviation values. Hold the Ctrl key pressed and move the mouse over the color deviation representation in order to get an overview. If you want to set a deviation label at a certain spot, just click additionally with the left mouse button. This way, you may quickly create many labels.
Example: Deviation labels on a checked curve
Using the function Equidistant Deviation Labels, you may create evenly distributed deviation labels on a selected area. Inspection points Using the Point Inspection, you create with Ctrl and left mouse button individual points on an element, e.g. a curve, in order to check the element at these points according to certain criteria. Using the function Equidistant Points, you create multiple points at a regular point distance on a selected element. The points correspond to the element on which they are created. This means that e.g. on an edge curve edge points will result. You need to assign the desired check to all inspection points using the I-Inspect menu. The software automatically assigns No Measuring Principle to the points you created for the inspection.
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Exercise
All inspection tasks you carry out on the point do not inspect the point itself but the element on which the point was created. You cannot use the point itself for checks.
Example: Gap deviation at equidistant inspection points
You may display the actual geometries belonging to the result elements of such point inspections in the 3D view when you select such a result element in the explorer and in the PREFERENCES Display enable the option Show actual representation.
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A2 Exercise
Exercise
Ta s k Create different types of curves. Use both, the function for automatic tracing of curves and clicking markers manually. Add markers, delete markers and drag markers to a different position. Delete, connect and separate curve parts. Workflow Open the project (... demo_data_curves curve_basic.ginspect). On the area colored in pink, construct a surface curve. Use the settings Trace curve Along curvature and Marker snaps To max. curvature. Observe the behavior of the curve when you click markers (Strg+LMB) and when you trace the curve automatically (Strg+Shift+LMB). Play with other settings in the creation menu as well. Delete a curve segment and watch what happens to the remaining curve. Move markers and play with adding and deleting markers. Construct an edge curve along the outer edge of the measuring object using automatic curve tracing. On the area colored in yellow, construct a surface curve with three curve parts which share one marker. Use the settings Marker snaps To clicked position. Connect two of these curve parts. Separate these two curve parts again. Approach You find the approach in the next section.
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A 2.1 Approach to the Exercise
Goal At the end of this exercise you will be able to: Create and edit surface curves and edge curves Connect and separate curve parts Conditions ATOS software v7.5 SR1 Project "curve_basic.ginspect" A 2.1.1 Create Surface Curve Open the function with Construct Curve Surface Curve. For manually creating the curve, click with Ctrl+LMB several markers in the 3D view. Setting options for markers: To clicked position If you chose this setting, the marker snaps to the clicked position. This means that in this case you may determine the run of the curve and move the markers where you want. To border line If you chose this setting, the marker snaps to the border of the mesh or to the patch borders of the CAD data. This means that if you click close to such a border or if you move a marker towards such an edge, it will be directly drawn on this border. To max. curvature If you chose this setting, the marker snaps to the maximum curvature of the mesh environment. To patch center If you chose this setting, the marker snaps to the center of the patches. In the GOM software, the center of the patch is determined from the main curvature direction of the patch. For automatic tracing of curves, click with Ctrl+Shift+LMB in the 3D view. The automatic curve tracing draws the curve starting from the clicked position, in both directions as long as the respective algorithm allows it. However, you may click with Ctrl+LMB a start point and then click with Ctrl+Shift+LMB the end point until which the curve is to be traced. You may also move the start and end markers by which you may still influence the run of the curve. Setting options for automatic curve tracing: Along curvature Using this setting you create a curve along the curvature of the mesh environment. Depending on which settings you chose for the marker, the curve runs along the maximum curvature or along the curvature at the clicked position.
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Along patch Using this setting you create a curve along patches. This setting is helpful for creating a curve along character lines. Depending on the setting you chose for the marker, the curve either runs along the patch center or at the clicked position in the relation of the clicked point to the patch width. This function can only be used for CAD data. A 2.1.2 Create Edge Curve Open the function with Construct Curve Edge Curve. With Ctrl+Shift+LMB click anywhere on the outer border of the sheet metal in the 3D view. The software automatically creates an edge curve along the entire sheet metal edge. A 2.1.3 Connect and Separate Curve Parts Open the function with Construct Curve Surface Curve. Use setting To clicked position and click about 12 markers somewhere on the area colored in yellow. Delete 2 curve segments with Ctrl+LMB click. Cursor Thus, you get 3 curve parts. Now, drag an end marker of curve part 2 and 3, to the same end marker of curve part one. This results in a common marker for all three curve parts. For getting this common marker separate again for each curve part, single click with the left mouse button on a curve part such that it becomes active (black) and then drag the marker to a different position. Arrange the remaining markers such that you get a curve constellation similar to that shown below.
Curve parts and common marker
Connect two curve parts. Enable the first curve part with a single LMB click. Move the cursor over the curve segment at the common marker, press the Ctrl key, keep the left mouse button pressed (cursor first then ) and drag the mouse until you reach the first ). curve segment of the second curve part (cursor
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With the mouse button pressed, drag the cursor.
Separate these two curve parts again. Enable the connected curve part with a single LMB click. Move the cursor over the curve segment at the common marker of the middle curve part, press the Ctrl key, keep the left mouse button pressed (cursor first then ) and drag the mouse until you reach again the first curve segment of the first curve part (cursor ).
The changed cursor indicates that the two curve parts will be separated as soon as you release the mouse button.
End of the exercise.
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Analyze Spring and Trimming

Table of Contents
(curves-v7-5-sr1_b_en_rev-a)
Table of Contents
Curves / Unit B
B B1
B 1.1 B 1.1.1 B 1.1.2 B 1.1.3 B 1.2
Determine Spring Using a Surface Curve _______________ 3 Create Surface Curve from Edge _____________________ 3 Measuring Principle "Project Curve Onto Actual" _________ 4 Spring Analysis (dN Deviation) _______________________ 5 Determine Spring and Trimming by Means of an Edge Curve ______________________________________ 6 B 1.2.1 Create Edge Curve ________________________________ 6 B 1.2.2 Measuring Principle Gray Value Feature _______________ 7 B 1.2.3 Analysis of Spring and Trimming (dN and dT) ___________ 7
Analyze Spring and Trimming _________________ 3 Demonstration _______________________________ 3
B2
Exercise____________________________________ 9
Task__________________________________________________9 Workflow ______________________________________________9 Approach ______________________________________________9
B 2.1

Goal _________________________________________________10 Conditions ____________________________________________10
B 2.1.1 Analyze Surface Curve from Edge ___________________ 10 B 2.1.2 Analyze Edge Curve ______________________________ 11 B 2.2 Finished Demo Projects ___________________________ 12
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Demonstration
B Analyze Spring and Trimming

B1 Demonstration
In this chapter we will show you how you determine the deviation of a nominal curve at a certain distance from an edge from the corresponding actual curve in normal direction and how you may check the spring and trimming of an edge curve. For the demonstration we use the following project: ... demo_data_curves spring_and_trimming.ginspect
B 1.1
Determine Spring Using a Surface Curve
Sometimes it is of interest to determine the deviation of a curve in normal direction (spring) at a certain distance from an edge. For this purpose, the software provides the function Surface Curve From Edge. B 1.1.1 Create Surface Curve from Edge We open our project and open the function Construct Curve Surface Curve From Edge. Using this function, we create a surface curve at a certain distance from an edge or patch border. We call the curve C1. With the dialog open, we click with Ctrl+Shift+LMB click anywhere on the outer border of the sheet metal in the 3D view. In the dialog, we enter an offset value of 3.00 mm, because we want to create a curve which is located 3 mm away from the edge.
Example: We clicked on the point at the sheet metal edge. The software automatically traces the curve (black) along the border line. The red curve is the preview of the curve which in the end is created at the given distance from the edge.
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With this function you may also create a surface curve at a certain distance to a patch border.
Example: Surface curve at a distance to a patch border during construction. Using the function Change Patch Sides you may run the curve on the other side of the patch border.
B 1.1.2 Measuring Principle "Project Curve Onto Actual" Before we can analyze the curve, we need to assign it a corresponding measuring principle in order to create the respective actual element. We use I-Inspect Project Curve Onto Actual. The measuring principle Project Curve Onto Actual projects a nominal curve onto the actual data and creates the corresponding curve there. Edge or surface curves are always projected in their normal direction and free space curves always onto the closest point of the actual mesh. The resulting actual curve always is a surface curve.
Example: Nominal data with nominal curve (blue) and respective actual curve (green) 3.00 mm away from the edge of the nominal sheet metal.
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B 1.1.3 Spring Analysis (dN Deviation) We now want to check the deviation between the nominal curve and the actual curve in normal direction. Thus, we get information regarding the spring of the sheet metal along this curve. We select the nominal curve C1 in the explorer and use I-Inspect dN Deviation (Curve). We enter a tolerance of 0.5 mm. The software automatically determines the deviation in normal direction and displays the result element in the explorer in section Inspection Curves Surface Curves (3D Deviation). The element automatically gets the name suffix .n.
Example: Selective enlargement of the sheet metal edge with slightly enlarged vectors. The vectors show that the actual sheet metal is higher in this area than the nominal sheet metal.
The information we get this way correspond to the values of a surface comparison in the areas where the curve runs.
Example: Deviation curve and displayed surface comparison on CAD. The deviation colors of the curve are identical to the deviation colors of the surface comparison.
In the PROPERTIES of the result element in tab Display you may change the representation of the deviation curve in the 3D view. For example, you may change the Display size of the element or the Vector scaling. You may also enable the Automatic vector scaling. The software takes the largest deviation value and scales the vector for this value such that it is clearly visible. The scaling factor thus computed is then used for all other vectors as well.
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Example: Deviation curve with automatic vector scaling. We can clearly see where there are the problematic areas of the component.
An analysis in normal direction by means of an offset curve is also suitable if, for example, due to fixtures at the measuring object there are no measuring data available directly at the edge.
B 1.2
Determine Spring and Trimming by Means of an Edge Curve
If we want to analyze the spring as well as the trimming of a sheet metal, we need an edge curve, e.g. at the edge of the sheet metal or at the edge of a hole in the sheet metal. B 1.2.1 Create Edge Curve We open the function with Construct Curve Edge Curve. With Ctrl+Shift+LMB we click anywhere on the outer border of the sheet metal in the 3D view. The software automatically creates an edge curve along the entire sheet metal edge. We call the curve C2.
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Example: Edge curve at sheet metal edge. The trimming direction is marked by double arrows.
B 1.2.2 Measuring Principle Gray Value Feature Before we can analyze the curve, we need to assign it a corresponding measuring principle in order to create the respective actual element. We use I-Inspect Gray Value Feature. The measuring principle Gray Value Feature is suitable to measure thin-walled components, e.g. sheet metals. You may use it to measure hole patterns (circles, slotted holes, rectangular holes, ...) of a measuring object and border lines (trim, spring). Since on thin-walled components (sheet metals) and large measuring volumes ATOS is system-induced not able to scan (fringe projection) up to the border line and the hole edges, the respective 3D points are created with the help of contrasts (gray values) in the 2D images. If you want to use this measuring principle, your project must contain the corresponding measurement series in order to provide the 2D camera images! For further information about gray value features, please refer e.g. to the Direct Help or the GOM Service Area. B 1.2.3 Analysis of Spring and Trimming (dN and dT) We now want to check the deviation between the nominal curve and the actual curve in normal and trimming direction. Thus, we get information about the spring of the sheet metal along this curve as well as about whether the measured sheet metal is shorter or longer than the nominal sheet metal. We select the nominal curve C2 in the explorer. In I-Inspect we click with the Ctrl key pressed on dN Deviation (Curve) and dT Deviation (Curve). Thus, we may create several checks for our initial element at the same time!
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The software always takes the recently used value as tolerance value. If we want to change the tolerance value for an element, we open function Edit Creation Parameters for the corresponding result element. The software automatically determines the deviation in normal direction and in trimming direction and displays the result elements in the explorer in section Inspection Curves Edge Curves (3D Deviation). The elements automatically get the name suffix .n or .t. For each check, the software creates a separate curve.
Example: Distance in trimming direction. By displaying the actual border line we see that our real component in some areas is shorter than the CAD data and in other areas larger. In order to see how the curve runs, we set the CAD data transparent.
Example: Deviation in normal direction. By displaying the actual border line real component is bended upwards here compared to the CAD data.
we see that our
In order to get an overview over the values, we place some deviation labels on both curves (main toolbar Deviation Labels). We need to pay attention to click on that curve for which we want to get the value. All labels are shown on the course of the nominal curve.
Example: Both deviation curves shown simultaneously in the 3D view with deviation labels. In our example, the red labels inform about the trimming values and the orange labels about the spring values.
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B2 Exercise
Exercise
Ta s k Repeat the workflow of the demonstration with this exercise. The workflow is mainly the same. Create different surface curves from edge as well as some edge curves. Apply the corresponding measuring principles and analyze the curves. Also carry out a trimming and spring analysis for some inspection points. Workflow Open the project (... demo_data_curves spring_and_trimming.ginspect). Create a surface curve from edge along the outer edge of the sheet metal at a distance of 3.00 mm. Apply the measuring principle Project Curve Onto Actual to the curve and carry out an analysis in normal direction. Create a second surface curve from edge but within a patch, e.g. at a distance of 2.00 mm. Use the automatic curve tracing. Apply the corresponding measuring principle and analyze this curve in normal direction as well. Create an edge curve along the outer edge of the sheet metal. Assign the measuring principle Gray Value Feature to the curve and carry out a spring and trimming analysis each with a tolerance of 0.5 mm. Place some deviation labels on both result curves. Create an additional edge curve for the rectangular hole at the side and assign the corresponding measuring principle. Create some inspection points at the sides of the rectangular hole. Check the spring and trimming at these points. Finally, analyze the entire curve with respect to spring and trimming. Try to click deviation labels at similar spots as the inspection points.
Approach You find the approach in the next section.
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B 2.1 Approach to the Exercise
Goal At the end of this exercise you will be able to: Analyze surface curves and edge curves with respect to spring and trimming. Conditions ATOS software v7.5 SR1 Project spring_and_trimming B 2.1.1 Analyze Surface Curve from Edge Create and analyze the surface curve from the sheet metal edge as described in the demonstration part under B 1.1. For the second surface curve choose a patch and open function Construct Curve Surface Curve From Edge. With Ctrl+Shift+LMB click on the patch border and enter the offset value 2.00 mm. Assign the measuring principle Project Curve Onto Actual to the curve.
Example: Surface curve within a patch, 2.00 mm away from the patch.
Click on I-Inspect
dN Deviation (Curve).
Example: Checked surface curve
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B 2.1.2 Analyze Edge Curve Create and analyze the edge curve as described in the demonstration part under B 1.2. Enter the tolerance by either carry out each analysis individually and entering the tolerance in the check dialog or by clicking on I-Inspect and then with the Ctrl key pressed on dN Deviation (Curve) and dT Deviation (Curve) in order to carry out both checks simultaneously, and then change the tolerance via Edit Creation Parameters. Place some deviation labels on both result curves by opening the function and clicking with Ctrl+LMB on the respective curve in the 3D view.
Pointwise inspection
In order to create the second edge curve, open the function with Construct Curve Edge Curve. With Ctrl+Shift+LMB click on the edge of the rectangular hole on the side of the sheet metal and create the automatically traced curve. Assign the measuring principle Gray Value Feature to this edge curve as well. Place some inspection points on the curve by opening function Point Inspection and clicking with Ctrl+LMB two points on each long side and one point on each short side of the rectangular hole. Finish the creation of the points with a right mouse button click.
Example: Inspection points on edge curve C4
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Now, select all points in the explorer and in I-Inspect click with the Ctrl key pressed on dN Deviation and dT Deviation. Thus, you may create the checks for all points at the same time!
Example: Checked inspection points
Now, select the nominal edge curve in the explorer. In I-Inspect click with the Ctrl key pressed on dN Deviation (Curve) and dT Deviation (Curve).
Example: The deviation labels show the same value as for the inspection point check.
B 2.2
Finished Demo Projects
The finished project with the elements shown in this demonstration is available in the demo data (... demo_data_curves result_projects spring_and_trimming_results).
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Analyze Curvature Curves and Character Lines

Table of Contents
(curves-v7-5-sr1_c_en_rev-a)
Table of Contents
Curves / Unit C
C C1
C 1.1 C 1.1.1 C 1.1.2 C 1.1.3 C 1.1.4 C 1.2 C 1.2.1 C 1.2.2 C 1.2.3 C 1.2.4
Analyze Curvature Curves and Character Lines __ 3 Demonstration _______________________________ 3
Analyze Curvature Curves __________________________ 3 Create a Curvature Curve ___________________________ 3 Measuring Principle "Line of Maximum Curvature" _______ 4 Measuring Principle "Radius" ________________________ 4 Analyze Radius ___________________________________ 5
Analysis Using Equidistant Points ___________________________5
Analyze Character Lines ____________________________ 6 Create a Curvature Curve ___________________________ 7 Measuring Principle "Fitting Curve" ___________________ 7 Measuring Principle "Character Values" ________________ 7 Analyze Bending Distance __________________________ 8
Analysis Using Equidistant Points ___________________________9
C2
Exercise___________________________________ 10
Task_________________________________________________10 Workflow _____________________________________________10 Approach _____________________________________________10 Goal _________________________________________________11 Conditions ____________________________________________11
C 2.1 C 2.2
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Demonstration
C Analyze Curvature Curves and Character Lines

C1 Demonstration
In this unit, we show you how you analyze curves which were created on the curvature of the measuring object. In the examples, we distinguish between the maximum curvature of the measuring object in a certain area and the curvature of a character line which generally is more flat. Basically, you may use the settings shown in this unit for both applications. However, you need to decide from case to case which settings are suitable for your measuring task! For the demonstration we use the following projects: ... demo_data_curves radius_analysis.ginspect ... demo_data_curves fender.ginspect
C 1.1
Analyze Curvature Curves
Sometimes it is of interest to compare the curvature radius of the nominal data with that of the actual data at a certain curvature. In order to get a reliable radius analysis, the curvature of the part at the area to be checked should be distinct such that the software can reliably fit a circle into it. In the following, we will show you the procedure for a radius analysis: C 1.1.1 Create a Curvature Curve We open the project ... demo_data_curves radius_analysis.ginspect and open the function Construct Curve Surface Curve. In the dialog we choose the following settings: Trace curve Along curvature Marker snaps To max. curvature With Ctrl+LMB we click a start point on the CAD data and with Ctrl+Shift+LMB we click an end point until which we want the software to automatically trace the curve. If required, we may move the markers in order to get the desired curve. We create the curve.
Example: Curve on the nominal data along the maximum curvature. We have not yet assigned a measuring principle.
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C 1.1.2 Measuring Principle "Line of Maximum Curvature" Before we can analyze the curve, we need to assign it a corresponding measuring principle in order to create the respective actual element. We use I-Inspect Line of Max. Curvature. The measuring principle Line of Max. Curvature, applied to a nominal surface curve, creates a curve on the actual mesh which follows the maximum curvature of the mesh. This measuring principle is suitable for e.g. analyze car body lines based on such a curvature curve. Internally, the software selects an area on the actual mesh which approx. corresponds to about ten times the width of the nominal patch on which the nominal curve is located. The selection area is limited in order to save computation time. In this selected area, the software calculates the principal curvatures (maximum and minimum curvature) of the surrounding surface at all points. The highest curvature value on the actual data is the start point from which the line follows the curvature. The nominal curve determines the beginning and the end of the actual curve.
Example: Actual curve after we assigned the measuring principle.
C 1.1.3 Measuring Principle "Radius" In order to be able to analyze the radii along the curve later, we need a second measuring principle! We select the nominal curve in the explorer and use I-Inspect Radius. The measuring principle only is available if you either used measuring principle Line of Max. Curvature or Fitting Curve first! The measuring principle automatically creates a nominal curve and an actual curve with the corresponding radius information. These curves get the name suffix .R and are displayed in their respective explorer category DimensionsSurface Curvatures. Computation method: The software creates internal sections perpendicular to the nominal or actual line of curvature. Then, best-fit circles are created on these sections. The area for the sections for nominal curves is estimated based on the environment of the curvature.
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For actual curves, the section area is based on the nominal curve or according to the dialog settings (Edit Creation Parameters). This measuring principle only differs from measuring principle Character Values by the internal creation of sections in the computation method! C 1.1.4 Analyze Radius As due to the measuring principle the internally computed nominal and actual circles are available along the curve, we now can analyze the radii and thus determine the deviation of the surface curvature of the measuring data from the surface curvature of the CAD data. We select the nominal curve in the explorer and use I-Inspect Radius. We enter a tolerance of 0.3 mm. You will find the result element in the explorer under InspectionCurvesDimension Deviations. Computation method: For each point of the curve, the software subtracts the radius of the nominal circle from the radius of the actual circle. Actual radius larger: Actual radius smaller: Positive sign. Negative sign.
In order to see the deviation values, we place some deviation labels along the curve.
Example: Radius analysis with deviation labels
Analysis Using Equidistant Points When we carry out a pointwise inspection, we may display the corresponding nominal and actual circles. We select the nominal curve in the explorer and via the main toolbar, we open function Equidistant Points.
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In order not to get too many points, we enter a Point distance of 10.00 mm in the dialog and create the points. For the points, selected in the explorer, we choose I-Inspect Radius and set a tolerance of e.g. 0.3 mm. We find the result elements in the explorer category Inspection Dimensions Dimensions (Scalar). When we select these result elements in the explorer, in the PROPERTIES Display we may enable the functions Show actual representation and Show additional geometry. Thus, the corresponding circles are displayed in the 3D view at the points.
Example: Equidistant points with radius check and displayed nominal and actual circles
Example: When we set the CAD data invisible, we can clearly see the circles.
C 1.2
Analyze Character Lines
The analysis of character lines (vehicle design lines) is very similar to that described in section C 1.1. However, as character lines generally have a flatter curvature, we will explain a different analysis method in the following.
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C 1.2.1 Create a Curvature Curve We open the project ... demo_data_curves fender.ginspect and open the function Construct Curve Surface Curve. In the dialog we choose the following settings: Trace curve Along patch Marker snaps To patch center With Ctrl+LMB we click a start point on the CAD data and with Ctrl+Shift+LMB we click an end point until which we want the software to automatically trace the curve. If required, we may move the markers in order to get the desired curve. We create the curve.
Example: Curve on the nominal data. It runs in the center of the narrow patch. We have not yet assigned a measuring principle.
C 1.2.2 Measuring Principle "Fitting Curve" Before we can analyze the curve, we need to assign it a corresponding measuring principle in order to create the respective actual element. We use I-Inspect Fitting Curve. The measuring principle Fitting Curve, applied to a nominal surface curve, creates an actual surface curve on the actual mesh using a best-fit process which reproduces the shape of the nominal curve. The software internally creates sections perpendicular to the initial curve through numerous sampling points. Nominal and actual data are cut simultaneously at the same plane. Internally, the actual section is fitted into the nominal section by best-fit and the nominal sampling points are transferred to the actual section. This results in the course of the actual curve.
Example: Actual curve after we assigned the measuring principle.
C 1.2.3 Measuring Principle "Character Values" In order to be able to analyze the character values, e.g. the bending distance, along the curve later, we need a second measuring principle! We select the nominal curve in the explorer and use I-Inspect Character Values. The measuring principle only is available if you either used measuring principle Line of Max. Curvature or Fitting Curve first!
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The measuring principle automatically creates a nominal curve and an actual curve with the corresponding radius information. The radius information is required for determining the bending distance. These curves get the name suffix .Char and are displayed in their respective explorer category Dimensions Surface Curvatures. Computation method: The software creates internal sections perpendicular to the nominal or actual line of curvature. Then, best-fit circles are created on these sections. The area for the sections for nominal curves is based on the patch width. For actual curves, the section area is based on the nominal curve or according to the dialog settings (Edit Creation Parameters). This measuring principle only differs from measuring principle Radius by the internal creation of sections in the computation method!
C 1.2.4 Analyze Bending Distance As due to the measuring principle the internally computed nominal and actual circles are available along the curve, we now can analyze the bending distance and thus determine whether the character line is too sharp or too flat. We select the nominal curve in the explorer and use I-Inspect Bending Distance. We enter a tolerance of 0.3 mm. You will find the result element in the explorer under Inspection Curves Dimension Deviations. Computation method: The software determines the bending distance by virtually superimposing the respective curvature circles such that they have a common chord with the length of the patch width (see figure below). The resulting distance between the nominal circle and the actual circle is the bending distance.
Principle representation: Theoretic determination of the bending distance (pink)
Surface curvature too strong: Surface curvature too low:
Positive sign. Negative sign.
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We set the upper and lower legend value to +0.05 mm and -0.05 mm. In order to see the deviation values, we place some deviation labels along the curve.
Example: Bending distance with deviation labels
Analysis Using Equidistant Points Here as well we may carry out a pointwise inspection. We select the nominal curve in the explorer and via the main toolbar, we open function Equidistant Points. In order not to get too many points, we enter a Point distance of 40.00 mm in the dialog and create the points. For the points, selected in the explorer, we choose I-Inspect Bending Distance and set a tolerance of e.g. 0.3 mm. We find the result elements in the explorer category Inspection Dimensions Dimensions (Scalar). As in our example P 1 cannot be computed, we delete it. Check signs in labels: means the surface curvature is too strong means the surface curvature is too low When we select these result elements in the explorer, in the PROPERTIES Display we may enable the functions Show actual representation and Show additional geometry.
Example: Equidistant points with bending distance check. The CAD data are set transparent.
Example: In the enlarged display we clearly see the patch width and the distance between nominal (blue) and actual (green) which the software determined. The CAD data are set transparent.
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C2 Exercise
Ta s k Repeat the workflow of the demonstration with this exercise. The workflow is mainly the same. Create a surface curve for a radius analysis and a surface curve for a character value analysis. Apply the corresponding measuring principles and analyze the curves. Use the provided respective project. Workflow Open the project (... demo_data_curves radius_analysis.ginspect). Create a surface curve along the maximum curvature. Apply the measuring principles Line of Max. Curvature and Radius. Check the radius of the curve. In addition, check the radius at certain inspection points and display the corresponding nominal and actual elements in the 3D view. Open the project (... demo_data_curves fender.ginspect). Create a surface curve along the character line in the patch center. Apply the measuring principles Fitting Curve and Character Values. Check the bending distance of the curve. In addition, check the bending distance at certain inspection points and display the corresponding nominal and actual elements in the 3D view. Approach You find the approach in the next section.
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C 2.1 Approach to the Exercise
Exercise
Goal At the end of this exercise you will be able to: Carry out a radius analysis of a curvature curve. Create and analyze a character line. Conditions ATOS software v7.5 SR1 Project ... demo_data_curves radius_analysis.ginspect Project ... demo_data_curves fender.ginspect As the approach exactly corresponds to the procedure shown in the demonstration, please refer to sections C 1.1 and C 1.2 if the procedure is not clear for you.
C 2.2
The finished projects with the elements shown in this demonstration are available in the demo data (... demo_data_curves result_projects radius_analysis_results.ginspect and character_line_analysis_results.ginspect).
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Analyze Flush and Gap
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
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Curves / Unit D
D1 D 1.1 D 1.1.1 D 1.1.2 D 1.1.3 D 1.2 D 1.2.1 D 1.2.2 D 1.2.3
Analyze Flush and Gap _______________________ 3
Demonstration ___________________________________ 3 Hemmed Edge Analysis ____________________________ 3 Create Edge Curve ________________________________ 3 Measuring Principle "Hemmed Edge Curves" ___________ 4 Analysis (dT) _____________________________________ 5 Gap Analysis _____________________________________ 6 Create Edge Curve ________________________________ 6 Measuring Principle "Gap Curves" ____________________ 6 Analyze Gap Deviation _____________________________ 8
Analysis Using Equidistant Points ___________________________8 Vector Scaling __________________________________________9 Clipping at Points_______________________________________10 Multisection Curve ______________________________________11 Finding Out the Cause___________________________________12
D 1.2.4 Tips & Tricks _____________________________________ 9
D 1.3 D 1.3.1 D 1.3.2 D 1.3.3
Flush Analysis ___________________________________ 13 Create Edge Curve _______________________________ 13 Measuring Principle "Flush Curves" __________________ 13 Check Flush Deviation ____________________________ 15
Analysis Using Equidistant Points __________________________15 Curve With Rotated Vectors ______________________________17 Finding Out the Cause___________________________________17
D 1.3.4 Tips & Tricks ____________________________________ 17 D2
Exercise _______________________________________ 18
D 2.1 D 2.2
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Demonstration
D Analyze Flush and Gap

D1 Demonstration
In the automotive industry it is, e.g. for aerodynamic reasons, necessary to check to what extent the gap widths of the manufactured vehicle deviate from the given nominal values and whether the flushness of two surfaces right and left from a gap meet the given height difference. There are numerous combinations and shapes of surfaces right and left from a gap and many different methods to analyze flush and gap. The GOM software determines the gap width using the highest point touched in a certain direction. The flushness difference then is determined relatively to the measured gap by entering an offset value. As in these cases always sheet metals with rounded edges, so-called hemmed edges, are used, the software is also able to analyze each sheet metal separately. In the following, we will explain the individual functions.
Principle representation: Correlation of flush and gap determination using two nominal sheet metals as an example.
For the demonstration we use the following project: ... demo_data_curves fender.ginspect
D 1.1
Hemmed Edge Analysis
With the help of a hemmed edge analysis, we are able to determine where a rounded edge runs through its utmost points. As an initial element for such an analysis, we need an edge curve. D 1.1.1 Create Edge Curve We open the project ... demo_data_curves fender.ginspect, set the "Hood" CAD data exclusively visible and open the function Construct Curve Edge Curve. With Ctrl+LMB we click a start point on the CAD data and with Ctrl+Shift+LMB we click an end point until which we want the software to automatically trace the curve. If required, we may move the markers in order to get the desired curve. We create the curve.
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Example: Curve on the nominal data along the patch border. We have not yet assigned a measuring principle.
D 1.1.2 Measuring Principle "Hemmed Edge Curves" Before we can analyze the curve, we need to assign it a corresponding measuring principle. Other as for the usual measuring principles, the software here creates multiple elements, both, on the nominal and on the actual data! We use I-Inspect Hemmed Edge Curves. In the dialog we choose the following settings: Clearance: 3.30 mm Edge length: 3.00 mm The trimming vector of the curve determines the touch direction.
We have to pay attention that we choose a useful edge length in order to touch the desired points of the edge. As soon as the edge length touches the edge somewhere, the corresponding touch point results!
Example: The figure shows the 3D view while the dialog is open.
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The software automatically creates four auxiliary curves (two on the nominal data and two on the actual data) which are set invisible in the explorer because they are not actively needed. The computation of these curves is required to later carry out a distance analysis and thus to find out to what extent the rounded nominal edge matches the measured actual edge. Principle Starting from an edge curve on the nominal data, the software automatically creates a nominal touch curve in order to determine the widest dimension of the hemmed edge. Then, the software automatically determines the distance from the nominal edge curve to the nominal touch curve and creates a curve for the continuous curve distance (see also Unit A ). The continuous curve distance is determined in trimming direction.
Enlarged display of the nominal data: For explaining the principle, we set the invisible curves visible in this figure. Based on the nominal edge curve (black), the software creates the touch curve (gray) and the continuous curve distance (blue).
In the same working step, the software creates on the actual data the corresponding actual touch curve and here as well determines the distance to the nominal edge curve as continuous curve distance. D 1.1.3 Analysis (dT) The created auxiliary curves provide all information the software needs for carrying out an analysis. We select the initial nominal curve in the explorer and use I-Inspect dT Deviation (Curve). We enter a tolerance of 0.3 mm. You will find the result element in the explorer under InspectionCurvesDimension Deviations. The trimming check is the only analysis offered for our edge curve, because the software in this case compares the two continuous curve distances (nominal and actual) which resulted from the measuring principle. We set the upper and lower legend value to +0.20 mm and -0.20 mm. In order to see the deviation values, we place some deviation labels along the curve.
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Result: We get the difference between the nominal and actual curve distances. From the values we see that the actual hemmed edge juts out over the nominal hemmed edge.
D 1.2
Gap Analysis
Using a gap analysis, we may determine the gap difference between a nominal gap and an actual gap. As an initial element for such an analysis, we need an edge curve. D 1.2.1 Create Edge Curve We open the project ... demo_data_curves fender.ginspect and open the function Construct Curve Edge Curve. With Ctrl+LMB we click a start point on the CAD data and with Ctrl+Shift+LMB we click an end point until which we want the software to automatically trace the curve. If required, we may move the markers in order to get the desired curve. We create the curve.
D 1.2.2 Measuring Principle "Gap Curves" Before we can analyze the curve, we need to assign it a corresponding measuring principle. Other as for the usual measuring principles, the software here creates multiple elements, both, on the nominal and on the actual data!
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We use I-Inspect Gap Curves. In the dialog we choose the following settings: Clearance: 3.00 mm Edge length: 7.00 mm
Demonstration
The trimming vector of the curve determines the touch direction.
The software automatically creates six auxiliary curves (three on the nominal data and three on the actual data). The computation of these curves is required to later carry out a distance analysis and thus to find out to what extent the gap width of the nominal data matches the gap width of the actual data. Principle Starting from an edge curve on the nominal data, the software automatically creates two nominal touch curves in order to determine the widest dimension of the two hemmed edges. Then, the software automatically determines the distance from the nominal touch curve on the one side of the gap to the nominal touch curve on the other side of the gap and creates a curve for the continuous curve distance (see also Unit A ).
Enlarged display of the nominal data: From the created touch curves, the software determines the continuous curve distance.
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In the same working step, the software creates on the actual data the corresponding actual touch curves and here as well determines the distance between these touch curves as continuous curve distance. D 1.2.3 Analyze Gap Deviation The created auxiliary curves provide all information the software needs for carrying out an analysis. We select the initial nominal curve in the explorer and use I-Inspect Gap Deviation. We enter a tolerance of 0.2 mm. You will find the result element in the explorer under InspectionCurvesDimension Deviations. Computation method: The software determines the gap difference by subtracting the nominal continuous curve distance from the actual continuous curve distance, both resulting from the measuring principle. Actual gap larger than nominal gap: Positive sign. Actual gap smaller than nominal gap: Negative sign. We set the upper and lower legend value to +0.20 mm and -0.20 mm. In order to see the deviation values, we place some deviation labels along the curve.
Result: We get the difference between the nominal and actual curve distances.
Analysis Using Equidistant Points Here as well we may carry out a pointwise inspection. We select the initial nominal curve in the explorer and via the main toolbar, we open function Equidistant Points. In order not to get too many points, we enter a Point distance of 50.00 mm in the dialog and create the points. For the points, selected in the explorer, we choose I-Inspect Gap Deviation and set a tolerance of e.g. 0.2 mm. We find the result elements in the explorer category Inspection Dimensions Dimensions (Scalar). As in our example P 1 cannot be computed, we delete it.
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Example: Equidistant points with gap deviation
D 1.2.4
Tips & Tricks
Ve c t o r S c a l i n g Sometimes, particularly for larger measuring objects, the colored deviation vectors are very small when you want to consider the entire part. In the properties of the result elements, you may, among others, influence the size of these vectors. In the PROPERTIES of the result element in tab Display you may change the representation of the deviation curve in the 3D view. For example, you may change the Display size of the element or the Vector scaling. You may also enable the Automatic vector scaling. The software takes the largest deviation value and scales the vector for this value such that it is clearly visible. The scaling factor thus computed is then used for all other vectors as well.
Example: Deviation curve with automatic vector scaling. We can clearly see where there are the problematic areas of the component. As this is a comparison of continuous curve distances, the vectors are drawn symmetrically on both sides of the deviation curve.
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Clipping at Points Clipping is used for hiding certain areas of an object in the 3D view. Thus, you probably get a better overview of the task you want to carry out. You may also use clipping at elements which have a plane. In our example, we use the equidistant points and cut our object at P 3. In the PIP tab, we see an overview of our measuring object.
Example: Clipping function during definition. We may decide which side of the measuring object we want to hide at a point. The software displays the clipping plane used in orange. Clicking on the desired side of the green clipping icon, we create the clipping.
Result: Created clipping at P 3.
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Multisection Curve In order to create detailed reports for an analysis, it might be helpful to cut the measuring object at the inspection points along the curve. We use function Construct Section Multisection Curve. In the dialog we choose the following settings: Curve: We choose our initial edge curve C1. Section distance: As we want the sections to be at the equidistant points, we choose the same distance as for creating these points. In our example 50.00 mm.
Example: The figure shows the 3D view while the dialog is open. We create several sections along the curve. For a better overview, we only displayed the names of the points and not the complete result labels. In order to create the sections, we need to select the measuring object.
The commonly created sections are listed in the explorer as individual sections! In order to get the same sections on the actual data, we have to assign a measuring principle to the sections selected in the explorer. We use I-Inspect Actual Section. Now, we can choose the point which is of interest for us, hide the CAD data and use the clipping cube in order to exclusively look at the nominal/actual situation at this point. In our example, we display the nominal section and the actual section belonging to point 3. We select the nominal section in the explorer and in the menu of the right mouse button, we choose Element Front View. In the PIP overview, we set the nominal elements visible. We zoom the 3D view such that we get a good image which we may use for our report.
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Example: 3D view and PIP. We colored the sections in order to better see the difference. Green = actual section, yellow = nominal section
Finding Out the Cause As the gap analysis is a relative consideration of the gap difference between the nominal gap and the actual gap, the values do not indicate which sheet metal side causes this difference. If you want to find out the cause, it is useful to carry out a hemmed edge analysis of the sheet metal on either side of the gap. See also section D 1.1.
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D 1.3 Flush Analysis
Demonstration
Using a flush analysis, we may determine whether the flushness of two surfaces left and right from a gap meets the given height difference. As an initial element for such an analysis, we need an edge curve. D 1.3.1 Create Edge Curve We open the project ... demo_data_curves fender.ginspect and open the function Construct Curve Edge Curve. With Ctrl+LMB we click a start point on the CAD data and with Ctrl+Shift+LMB we click an end point until which we want the software to automatically trace the curve. If required, we may move the markers in order to get the desired curve. We create the curve.
For the representation in the 3D view, the software takes the side where you defined the initial edge curve as reference side! D 1.3.2 Measuring Principle "Flush Curves" Before we can analyze the curve, we need to assign it a corresponding measuring principle. Other as for the usual measuring principles, the software here creates multiple elements, both, on the nominal and on the actual data! We use I-Inspect Flush Curves. In the dialog we choose the following settings: Offset: 5.00 mm Clearance: 2.50 mm Edge length: 10.00 mm With the offset value we define how far away from the sheet metal edge the software will determine the flushness of the surfaces. The offset value either is stated directly in your gap plan or it results from the radius given in the gap plan. The trimming vector of the curve determines the touch direction.
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The software automatically creates 18 auxiliary curves (9 on the nominal data and 9 on the actual data). Some of these auxiliary curves are set invisible in the explorer because they are not actively needed. The computation of these curves is required in order to carry out a flush analysis later. The software determines the height difference between the two nominal surfaces and the height difference between the two actual surfaces. Principle Starting from an edge curve on the nominal data, the software automatically creates two nominal touch curves in order to determine the widest dimension of the two hemmed edges. Then, the software projects these two touch curves onto the part's surfaces by means of four additional auxiliary curves. From the two projected curves, the software creates a curve for the continuous curve distance (see also Unit A ) and thus determines the distance between these two curves in normal direction. Thus, we get the height difference of the two sheet metal surfaces. See also the principle representation on page 3.
Enlarged display of the nominal data: From the created touch curves, the software determines the continuous curve distance in normal direction. We set one half of the CAD data transparent to be able to see the distance curve.
In the same working step, the software creates on the actual data the corresponding curves and here as well determines the height difference as continuous curve distance.
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D 1.3.3 Check Flush Deviation The created auxiliary curves provide all information the software needs for carrying out an analysis. We select the initial nominal curve in the explorer and use I-Inspect Flush Deviation. We enter a tolerance of 0.2 mm. You will find the result element in the explorer under Inspection Curves Dimension Deviations. Computation method: The software always calculates actual value minus nominal value. For the representation in the 3D view, the software takes the side where you defined the initial edge curve as reference side! The software determines the flush difference by subtracting the nominal continuous curve distance from the actual continuous curve distance, both resulting from the measuring principle. Actual difference larger than nominal difference: Positive sign. Actual difference smaller than nominal difference: Negative sign.
Result: We get the difference between the nominal and actual curve distances.
Analysis Using Equidistant Points Here as well we may carry out a pointwise inspection. We select the initial nominal curve in the explorer and via the main toolbar, we open function Equidistant Points. In order not to get too many points, we enter a Point distance of 50.00 mm in the dialog and create the points. For the points, selected in the explorer, we choose I-Inspect Flush Deviation and set a tolerance of e.g. 0.2 mm. We find the result elements in the explorer category Inspection Dimensions Dimensions (Scalar).
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Example: Enlarged representation of an equidistant point with flush deviation. When we select the result element in the explorer, we may pull out the measure at the handle for a better visualization. In this figure, we additionally displayed the color curve deviation.
In order to better understand the computation of the deviation, we choose a combination of curve and inspection point in the two following, very much enlarged views.
Example: The continuous nominal curve distance (blue) is smaller than the continuous actual curve distance (green). We also see this relation from the pulled out inspection measure (blue arrow) and the corresponding actual geometry we displayed (green arrow).
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Result: The continuous nominal distance is subtracted from the continuous actual distance. In a curve analysis, the difference is displayed as color deviation curve. In case of the pointwise inspection, this difference is shown as the deviation value in the label.
D 1.3.4
Tips & Tricks
C u r v e W i t h R o t a t e d Ve c t o r s Using this function, based on an already created surface curve or edge curve, you create a new curve for which you may rotate the vectors at a defined angle. This function may be helpful if, for example, you want to carry out a flush and gap analysis and the corresponding sheet metals are offset with respect to each other. You may use the curve with the rotated vectors as initial curve for your analyses.
Example: The vectors of the initial edge curve (pink) do not point towards the left sheet metal. Therefore, we rotated the vectors accordingly (green curve).
Finding Out the Cause As the flush analysis is a relative consideration of the flush difference between the nominal flush and the actual flush, the values do not indicate which sheet metal side causes this difference. If you want to find out the cause, it is useful to carry out for each sheet metal side the check in normal direction (dN Deviation) for the curves which were projected at the given offset distance onto the sheet metal
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surfaces. These curves were already created for each sheet metal side by means of the measuring principle Flush Curves. You find these curves in the explorer category Nominal Elements Geometries Surface Curves. The curves have the automatic name suffix .ii.B.
D2
Exercise
Ta s k Repeat the workflow of the demonstration with this exercise. The workflow is mainly the same. Carry out one after the other a hemmed edge analysis, a gap analysis and flush analysis. Apply the corresponding measuring principles and analyze the curves. Create a new project for each type of analysis. Workflow Open the project (... demo_data_curves fender.ginspect). Create an edge curve. Apply the measuring principle Hemmed Edge Curves. Check the curve in trimming direction and create some deviation labels. Save the project if you want to. Open the project (... demo_data_curves fender.ginspect). Create an edge curve. Apply the measuring principle Gap Curves. Analyze the gap deviation for the curve as well as for some inspection points. Create sections at these inspection points and use the clipping cube to get a good 3D view for a checked point. Save the project if you want to. Open the project (... demo_data_curves fender.ginspect). Create an edge curve. Apply the measuring principle Flush Curves. Analyze the flush deviation for the curve as well as for some inspection points. Save the project if you want to.
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D 2.1 Approach to the Exercise
Exercise
Goal At the end of this exercise you will be able to: Analyze hemmed edges. Carry out a gap analysis. Carry out a flush analysis. Conditions ATOS software v7.5 SR1 Project ... demo_data_curves fender.ginspect As the approach exactly corresponds to the procedure shown in the demonstration, please refer to sections D 1.1 through D 1.3 if the procedure is not clear for you.
D 2.2
The finished projects with the elements shown in this demonstration are available in the demo data (... demo_data_curves result_projects hemmed_edge_results.ginspect, gap_results.ginspect und flush_results.ginspect).
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Curves / Unit E
E1 E 1.1 E 1.2 E 1.3 E 1.3.1 E 1.4 E2
Contrast Lines ______________________________ 3
Demonstration ___________________________________ 3 Computation Method for a Contrast Line _______________ 3 Create Contrast Lines ______________________________ 4 Determine the Center of a Contrast Line ______________ 10 Create Division Curve _____________________________ 11 Project Curves Onto Meshes _______________________ 12 Exercise _______________________________________ 13
E 2.1 E 2.2
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Demonstration
E Contrast Lines
E1 Demonstration
In the design and reverse engineering industries, frequently lines are required which are painted on the measuring object manually or which are taped onto it. These lines only exist in the 2D camera images (scanned measurements and/or photogrammetry images). However, we need them in our project to further use the data. The GOM software offers the possibility to construct such a line as curve based on the 2D images. The software uses the contrasts which exist in the 2D images. Therefore, we call these lines also contrast lines. For the demonstration we use the following project: ... demo_data_curves contrast_line.ginspect You may use the contrast line function in a scan project with polygonized meshes as well as in a mere photogrammetry project which does not contain meshes at all!
E 1.1
Computation Method for a Contrast Line
The software draws a contrast line through numerous individual contrast points which it creates internally along the course of the contrast. A contrast point is a 3D point which the software creates automatically using contrasts found in 2D images. A contrast is either determined by color, i.e. it is created by different gray values, or by light, i.e. it is created by suitable light conditions, e.g. on edges. Generally, we create contrast lines on color determined contrasts! For the computation, the software always uses all scan images and photogrammetry images in your project for which the image mapping is active! You may enable or disable the image mapping for an entire measurement series or for individual images when selecting the respective measurement series or images in the explorer and then in the PROPERTIES Display Image mapping toggle the checkbox accordingly. We determine the start point for the automatic contrast line tracing by clicking on a contrast in one camera image. As our measuring system knows the camera positions, a "point ray" results due to the viewing direction of the camera at this point in the 2D image along which the software finds the contrast in all suitable 2D images. This results in the 3D point with a normal. Starting from this point, the software automatically calculates the course of the contrast along the contrast line according to a detailed algorithm. This results in the curve which is listed in the explorer.
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Contrast Lines
Please bear in mind that when you use CAD data in your project which is visible below the image mapping in the 3D view, the start marker for the contrast line lies on the nominal data and thus depends on it! This means that when you change the alignment of your project later, the software might not find the contrasts because the start point does no longer lie on a contrast in the image mapping images.
E 1.2
Create Contrast Lines
We open the project ... demo_data_curves contrast_line.ginspect. We display the image mapping by clicking on the corresponding button and choose a suitable image on which the contrast line is clearly visible. We click on this image. If required, we may zoom the image in order to find a good contrast.
Example: 3D view with displayed image mapping image
In our project, we want to create the contrast line of the outer sunroof contour which was applied to the car roof. We open the function Construct Curve Curve. We want to create the total outer contour as a curve. With Ctrl+Shift+LMB we click on a clearly visible contrast in the image mapping image.
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Example: We click the start point.
The software immediately starts the automatic curve tracing according to the contrast algorithm. The computation process may take a little while! Then, the software displays a preview of the curve in the 3D view. We create the curve.
Example: Created curve C1 of the outer contour in the 3D view.
Next, we want to create the inner contour of the entire sunroof. Due to the line in the middle, the automatic curve tracing cannot pass this line but would follow the inner contour of one roof part only and create it as curve. Therefore, we now use the automatic curve tracing together with manual clicking. The following figures show the procedure.
We click the start point with Ctrl+LMB.
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Then, we click a point with Ctrl+Shift+LMB in order to trace the curve automatically up to this point. We need this point so that the curve knows in which direction it is to propagate.
We click with Ctrl+Shift+LMB slightly before the spot where the two black stripes cross in order to automatically trace the curve up to this point.
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We see that the software can only trace the curve automatically up to this spot. This is because we did not apply the tape evenly at the edge.
Here, we click the course of the curve manually with Ctrl+LMB. Thus, we get many individual contrast points.
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We click with Ctrl+Shift+LMB slightly before the spot where the two black stripes cross in order to automatically trace the curve up to this point. This time, the contrast curve runs up to the point we clicked on.
Now we bridge the transition using the manual function by clicking with Ctrl+LMB slightly behind the spot where the two black stripes cross.
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After we bridged the transition, we click with Ctrl+Shift+LMB on the further run of the curve in order to start the automatic curve tracing again.
Once more, we click with Ctrl+Shift+LMB on a point just before the two black stripes cross again in order to trace the curve automatically up to here.
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Using the manual function, we bridge this transition as well and close the entire curve by clicking on our start point with Ctrl+LMB. The cursor indicates that with this click we close the curve.
Preview: This is the preview of our contrast curve. We create the curve.
Example: Created curve C2 of the inner contour in the 3D view. We also displayed the outer contour.
E 1.3
Determine the Center of a Contrast Line
We now have two individual curves in our project which together represent the contrast tape we applied to our car model. However, we are interested in the center of this applied contrast tape. For this purpose, we need to construct a third curve.
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Demonstration
E 1.3.1 Create Division Curve We use the function Construct Curve Other Division Curve. Using this function, we create a curve between two other curves. We call the curve C3. In the dialog we choose the following settings: Curve 1: C1 (outer contour) Curve 2: C2 (inner contour) Position: 50.0%, because the curve shall be in the center of the two other curves.
Example: 3D view with division curve between outer and inner contour. In order to recognize the curve we colored it in pink.
Please pay attention to which curve you select first and which second. Depending on the shape of the initial curves, different division curves result because all points of a curve are projected to the other at the shortest distance! Between the initial points and the projected points the software creates division points. The division curve runs through these division points. There is a difference if a point is projected from curve 1 to curve 2 or vice versa. The shortest distance results at different locations.
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E 1.4 Project Curves Onto Meshes
When we now display our scanned mesh, it seems that the curves are drawn on the car roof. But as the curves are free space curves which were created on contrasts in the 2D images, they are independent of the mesh data. We see this when we zoom in the 3D view.
Example: The selective enlargement shows that the curves are partly above and partly below the mesh (white arrows).
In order to get the curves onto the mesh, we use the function Construct Curve Other Projected Curve. Using this function, you create a projected surface curve based on an already created curve. We use this function for each of our three space curves. In the dialog we choose the following settings: Curve: Here, we choose one of the space curves. Mesh: Here, we choose the polygonized mesh. Use direction: We enable this function and choose Z+, in order to ensure that the curve is projected onto the car roof. When this function is disabled, the software always projects free space curves on the closest points of the mesh. Finally, all three curves lie on the mesh as surface curves.
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E2 Exercise
Exercise
Ta s k Repeat the workflow of the demonstration with this exercise. The workflow is mainly the same. Create a contrast curve each of the outer and inner sunroof contour and then create a curve which runs in the center of the black outer contour tape. Workflow Open the project (... demo_data_curves contrast_line.ginspect). Switch on the image mapping and choose a suitable image. Create a contrast line along the outer sunroof contour automatic curve tracing. Create a second contrast line along the inner sunroof contour. Combine manual clicking and automatic curve tracing. Choose the start point as shown in the figures in section E 1.2. Create a division curve from the two first curves. Approach You find the approach in the next section.
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Contrast Lines
E 2.1 Approach to the Exercise
Goal At the end of this exercise you will be able to: Create contrast lines. Create a division curve. Conditions ATOS software v7.5 SR1 Project ... contrast_line.ginspect As the approach exactly corresponds to the procedure shown in the demonstration, please refer to sections E 1.2 and E 1.3.1 if the procedure is not clear for you.
E 2.2
The finished project with the elements shown in this demonstration is available in the demo data (... demo_data_curves result_projects contrast_line_results.ginspect).
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Curves / Unit E
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Other Curve Applications

Table of Contents
(curves-v7-5-sr1_f_en_rev-a)
Table of Contents
Curves / Unit F
F1 F 1.1 F 1.1.1 F 1.2 F 1.2.1 F 1.2.2 F 1.2.3 F2
Other Curve Applications _____________________ 3
Demonstration ___________________________________ 3 Contour Lines ____________________________________ 3 Create Surface Curve ______________________________ 3 Meshes Editing by Means of Curves __________________ 5 Create Surface Curve ______________________________ 5 Create Offset Curve _______________________________ 6 Cut Actual Mesh By Curve __________________________ 7
Tip - Delete Mesh Particles ________________________________9
Exercise _______________________________________ 10
F 2.1
F 2.1.1 Create Contour Line ______________________________ 11 F 2.1.2 Cut Rear Wheel Housing __________________________ 11
F 2.2
Surface Curve _________________________________________11 Offset Curve __________________________________________12 Cut Mesh _____________________________________________12 Delete Patch __________________________________________13
Finished Demo Projects ___________________________ 13
curves-v7-5-sr1_f_en_rev-a
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Curves / Unit F
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Table of Contents
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Curves / Unit F
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Demonstration
F
F1

Demonstration
In this unit, we show you two applications of the curve functions on actual data which are suitable for design purposes and reverse engineering. You may click contour lines on 2D camera images and use offset curves to cut your actual mesh e.g. at borders. For the demonstration we use the following project: ... demo_data_curves other_curve_applications.ginspect
F 1.1
Contour Lines
By contour lines we understand e.g. fine lines which form the outline of a shape or which are required for design purposes. The software allows us to click such lines on the 2D camera images and project each click immediately onto the actual mesh. From the clicked markers, a surface curve results. F 1.1.1 Create Surface Curve We open the project ... demo_data_curves other_curve_applications.ginspect. We display the image mapping by clicking on the corresponding button and choose a suitable image on which the required contour line is clearly visible. We click on this image. If required, we may zoom the image. In addition, we ensure that our actual mesh is also visible in the 3D view and thus lies behind the image mapping images. We want to create the contour of the front left headlight as a curve.
Example: Actual mesh and displayed image mapping images. We click on the image where we can clearly see the headlight contour.
We open the function Construct Curve Surface Curve. In the dialog we choose the following setting: Marker snaps: To clicked position We can ignore all other settings. Because we chose To clicked position, we automatically internally disabled the automatic curve tracing. As soon as we click the first marker with Ctrl+LMB, the software automatically enters the actual mesh under Project onto.
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Demonstration

We now click with Ctrl+LMB along the contour and see from the vector arrows in the preview that the software immediately projected the point on the surface of the actual mesh.
Example: Image mapping image during the construction phase. We click the markers along the contour line. The software immediately projects each point on the mesh.
We click the last marker onto the start point in order to close the curve.
Example: Image mapping image during the construction phase. We clicked all points and now create the curve.
Result: 3D view with finished curve C2 on the actual mesh. We displayed the curve slightly enlarged.
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F 1.2 Meshes Editing by Means of Curves
Demonstration
In case we want to cut mesh borders of our actual mesh so that the look "nice", we may use the curve functions as a preparation and subsequently may carry out a mesh editing function. In our example, we want to cut the inner border of the wheel housing.
Example: We want to cut this border.
First, we need to define a surface curve along the outer edge, then create an offset curve from it and finally cut the mesh at the offset curve. Due to this cutting, a separate patch results which we then can delete. In the following sections, we describe these steps in detail. F 1.2.1 Create Surface Curve We open the function Construct Curve Surface Curve. In the dialog we choose the following setting: Marker snaps: To clicked position With Ctrl+LMB we click markers along the outer edge. During the construction phase we may rotate and zoom the 3D view just as we like such that we always get a good view on the edge.
We start clicking the curve C2 along the edge.
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Demonstration
We finished clicking curve C2 and create it now.
F 1.2.2 Create Offset Curve Based on the surface curve we just created, we now construct an offset curve to define the mesh area inside the wheel housing which we want to keep later. We use the function Construct Curve Other Offset Curve. In the dialog we choose the following setting: Name: C3 Curve: We choose our surface curve C2. Mesh: We choose our actual master. Offset: We enter 8.00 mm. Direction: We click on the mesh in the direction where we want to create the curve. We create the curve.
3D view with preview of the offset curve (colored in blue) during the construction phase.
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Demonstration
F 1.2.3 Cut Actual Mesh By Curve We now want to use the offset curve we just created to cut the mesh in this area and to get separate patches. We find the function under Operations Mesh Other Cut Actual Mesh By Curve. A mesh can only be cut by a curve if this curve really runs up to the mesh border! Therefore, we need to closer look at our offset curve before we use this function. When we zoom into the left and right side of the front wheel housing, we see that the end of the offset curve still is in the mesh because the clicked surface curve runs accordingly.
Example: Enlarged view of the left side of the front wheel housing. The offset curve (blue) does not run up to the mesh border.
As we cannot extend the offset curve, we need to manually delete the mesh in this area so that the curve reaches the mesh border. For this purpose, we select a small area of the mesh with (Select/Deselect On Surface) and delete this area with Edit Delete Selected 3D Area.
Selected 3D area (
Deleted area (
As soon as we deleted the area, the curves are no longer computed and become red. The software indicates in the main toolbar that we need to recalculate the project ( ). However, as on the other side of the wheel housing the offset curve also needs to run up to the mesh border, we need to delete a mesh area there as well. We do this first and then recalculate the project. Now, we open the function Operations Mesh Other Cut Actual Mesh By Curve. We choose curve C3 as we want to cut the mesh here and select the entire mesh in the 3D view using in the bottom toolbar.
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Demonstration
The software warns us in the dialog that the creation parameters of the curve will be deleted if we apply the function. This is okay because we just need the curve as an auxiliary element and do not want to use it any further. When we applied the function, we do not see any change in the 3D view at first. However, if we display the mesh structure, we see that the mesh was cut along the curve.
3D view with displayed mesh structure. As now two mesh patches exist, we see a fine line where the triangles of both mesh patches border on each other.
We now use the function want to delete.
(Select Patch) and select the patch we
3D view with displayed mesh structure and selected patch.
Using Edit Delete Selected 3D Area we delete the patch. Thus, we get a well cut mesh border of the front wheel housing.
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Demonstration
Result: The mesh border is well cut.
As we modified the original actual mesh, we finally need to recalculate our project again!
Tip - Delete Mesh Particles When we look really close, we see that some mesh particles are left.
Example: Remaining mesh particles
We may easily delete them by selecting the main patch, i.e. our car half, with and then invert the selection with . Now we can delete the mesh particles with Edit Delete Selected 3D Area.
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Exercise

F2 Exercise
Ta s k Repeat the workflow of the demonstration with this exercise. The workflow is mainly the same. Click a contour line along the hood up to where the windshield starts and cut the rear wheel housing. Workflow Open the project (... demo_data_curves other_curve_applications.ginspect). Choose a suitable image mapping image. Create the contour line using the surface curve function. Start on the hood at the height of the front headlight and click the line up to where the windshield starts. Create a surface curve along the front outer edge of the rear wheel housing. Create an offset curve based on the created surface curve at a distance of 8 mm towards the inner edge of the wheel housing. Make sure that the offset curve reaches the border of the actual mesh. Delete the required areas manually. Cut the actual mesh at the offset curve. Delete the newly created patch. Recalculate the project.
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F 2.1 Approach to the Exercise
Exercise
Goal At the end of this exercise you will be able to: Create contour lines Cut mesh borders Conditions ATOS software v7.5 SR1 Project "other_curve_applications.ginspect" As the approach generally corresponds to the procedure shown in the demonstration, please refer to sections F 1.1 and F 1.2 if the procedure is not clear for you.
F 2.1.1
Create Contour Line
Finished contour line along the hood.
F 2.1.2
Cut Rear Wheel Housing
Surface Curve
Finished surface curve at the outer edge of the rear wheel housing.
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Exercise

Offset Curve
Finished offset curve at the rear wheel housing.
Cut Mesh
Rear wheel housing with displayed mesh structure after cutting the mesh at the offset curve.
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Delete Patch
Exercise
Finished cut wheel housing.
F 2.2
The finished project with the elements shown in this demonstration is available in the demo data (... demo_data_curves result_projects other_curve_applications_results.ginspect).
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Curves / Unit F
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Exercise
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Curves / Unit F
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Curves v7 5 Sr1 en Rev A

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Curves

V7.5 SR1 Manual

Curves / Units A-F

E-Mail: info@gom.com Fax: +49 (0) 531 390 29 15 www.gom.com

Information about the Training Document

Overview of the Units

Safety and Health Hazard Notes

Curves / Units A-F

Curves / Units A-F

General Information about Curves _____________ 3 Demonstration ______________________________ 3

Analyze Flush and Gap _______________________ 3 Demonstration _______________________________ 3

A 2.1 A 2.1.1 A 2.1.2 A 2.1.3

B 1.1 B 1.1.1 B 1.1.2 B 1.1.3 B 1.2

Analyze Spring and Trimming ________________ 3 Demonstration ______________________________ 3

E 1.1 E 1.2 E 1.3 E 1.3.1 E 1.4

Contrast Lines ______________________________ 3 Demonstration _______________________________ 3

B 2.1 B 2.1.1 B 2.1.2 B 2.2

F 1.1 F 1.1.1 F 1.2 F 1.2.1 F 1.2.2 F 1.2.3

Other Curve Applications _____________________ 3 Demonstration _______________________________ 3

C 1.1 C 1.1.1 C 1.1.2 C 1.1.3 C 1.1.4

Analyze Curvature Curves and Character Lines__ 3 Demonstration ______________________________ 3

F 2.1 F 2.1.1 F 2.1.2 F 2.2

Curves / Units A-F

Curves / Units A-F

General Information about Curves

A 1.1 A 1.1.1 A 1.1.2 A 1.1.3 A 1.2 A 1.2.1

General Information about Curves _____________ 3 Demonstration _______________________________ 3

A 1.3.2 Continuous Curve Distance ________________________ 21 A 1.3.3 Pointwise Inspection ______________________________ 23

Approach to the Exercise __________________________ 26

General Information about Curves

General Information about Curves

A General Information about Curves

Surface curve on CAD data

General Information about Curves

Edge curve on CAD data

General Information about Curves

Free curve during the construction phase on the actual data

General Information about Curves

between two markers

General Information about Curves

Mouse over curve segment

General Information about Curves

General Information about Curves

Curve parts and common marker

General Information about Curves

With the mouse button pressed, drag the cursor.

General Information about Curves

Combined curve segment

General Information about Curves

Merging the two outer curve parts

General Information about Curves

General Information about Curves

General Information about Curves

General Information about Curves

General Information about Curves

General Information about Curves

Principle representation: Theoretic determination of the bending distance (pink)

Surface curvature too strong: Surface curvature too low:

Positive sign. Negative sign.

General Information about Curves

General Information about Curves

General Information about Curves

General Information about Curves

General Information about Curves _ 3 Demonstration __________________ 3

Analyze Flush and Gap _ 3 Demonstration _________ 3

Analyze Spring and Trimming 3 Demonstration ______________ 3

Contrast Lines 3 Demonstration _ 3

Other Curve Applications _ 3 Demonstration ___________ 3

Analyze Curvature Curves and Character Lines 3 Demonstration ____________________________ 3

General Information about Curves _ 3 Demonstration ___________________ 3

A 1.3.2 Continuous Curve Distance 21 A 1.3.3 Pointwise Inspection ______ 23

Analyze Spring and Trimming _ 3 Demonstration _______________ 3

Analyze Curvature Curves and Character Lines 3 Demonstration _____________________________ 3

Approach to the Exercise 11 Finished Demo Projects _ 11

Approach to the Exercise 19 Finished Demo Projects _ 19