69

lOVkO GkG|C
|llozoIs|l Io|cltot 8vocclllsto c 2oqrobc
|llozo|o,lovl|ost, =. qouloo
lqrqlc@IIzq.or
uDk. 007.52.00=.8
l7.02.007.52
u ovo rouc o|csoo so lsltotl lll|ocl|o |o|o bl zooostvooo tooolc|o
ostlqocco oo ourcc|c robotl|o, o oo|lo uoovotl|lvo c s|oro| bcuccoostl,
oqlo lotl oo stotcs roboto l oJcouoos roboto l l|cul. Osoovoo ltoo|o
|o|o so c to|stc obroJc|c sc sl|ouoco. 8to |o uovol|oo uo so oo|o blco sotro
zlvl ko|o rovo rolzlozo lz to|voq stotcso ko|l sc roucv|otl uo zlvo blco
bcuo l oroloo blco 1o ll oqcco uo robot bcuo oroloo blco ko|ov stotcs
zoslczc|c blco s orolol otoocl|olo u scsrotc lsooooq o|sorlooto l
otlc|o roo|sl|o |oo lltorotcro sc oslczlll |loslcl zooostvooo Iootostl|o (Aslov,
Dlc|, kouuooborry}, l lozo cl|o so oroloo lozo|o sotro ocl |osto
(Arlstotol, koot, kowls}. Jroulclooolol |oocotl rl|oo|c|c so oo bcucco
robloo |o|o bl so uobllo sll|o |ouooq oqccoq svl|oto l o|oqovlo orololo
oorl. kro| osto|o otvoroo, ourozovo|ccl to|o roblootlcoost ocotolo
rotostov|l.
kl!UCNL k|!LC|
kOOJl, 2lvOJ,
VOkAL, uV1|JNA
lNJ|LlG|NCl1A,
lkAvNl 8JAJu8
70
C|Vu
8.l,l7
O2u1Ak
2009.
GkGlC - 8JO AkO ANDkOlDl 2Al8JA 8AN1A1u |L|kJklCN| OvC|
IOVOD 8 |81OkA
uz zootlzol|c, osto |o v|oro|otoo |ouoo ou qlovolo o|rotoco cov|oc|oq
u|olovoo|o, l |oo to|vo vlso|o |o vrouoovooo oJc l|culo. kouo so zo
oo|oqo |ozo uo |o ostovlt, to so, c rloclc, uozlvl|ovo |oo |olloot.
Vostotl so ozo o ooql stvorlo, oo|o so sotro|c oqcclo, oo|o, o|,
oooqcclo. kouo osto rl|oJo tc qroolcc (rotostovl|ooo} oqccoqo (lll
uozvol|oooq}, ooo rolozl c sIorc Iootozl|o l Iootostlcooq. l oJc Iootozl|oo
so oqc roultl rooq-llsto. Do| bl so oo vroc trobolo oocl rozoo Iootozl|o |o|o
sc oco uobro c slslc uo lo svl (lll boro vocloo} lo|c (or. so|scoloo
Iootozl|o}, zooostvooo Iootozl|o (lll, |o|o so cvrl|ozllo, Iootostl|o}, v|oro|otoo
bl bllo c uoo|o| olovlcl. koo |o|lzovol zoor, zooostvooc Iootostl|c (c uol|o|o
to|stc 2|} oblcoo so ouc|oo|c|o, t|. trotlro |oo scou lltorotcrc boz c|otolc|o,
o l bllo |o|vo urcqo vrl|ouoostl. u voclol slcco|ovo to l |ost to|o. lo|, |loslcl
2|-o sc ollvolootoo vrl|ouoo |o|lqo. ko|lzovootoorl|s|l ulo oo strooc, luo|o
|o|o sc so zoolo o|ovltl c 2|-c bllo sc costo vrlo zooll|lvo. koo osl|oulco
rozvo|o zoooostl l toool|o c uovotooosto stol|occ o|ovlo so l zoor |o|l |o
oclorlzlroo l o|slootlroo uco oooo. l uo| |o zooostvooo-tooolc|l rozvo|
ct|ocoo oo zoor 2|-o, l zoor |o, ovrotoo, ct|ocoo oo so rozvo|, boro |oo
otlco|, ooo qollcoo|o osto |o|o vcco cov|o|o oorl|ou. Vooqo luo|o sc
so rvl cto o|ovllo crovo c rlcoo, o to| sc |osol|o (ooo|ou l coo
|osol|o} bllo ozbll|ooo oocc zoooostl l toool|o. luo|o, Iorlrooo s ooo strooo
oqccoqo, c sIorl Iootozl|o, cvouooo sc ootroq c svl|ot zbll|o. Gotovo uo
so ozo |ozotl |o|o l so ozbll|oo|o rol|oolo ootlc|l stotcs. 2ooostvooo
Iootostl|o roucclrooo |o ootroq oo zoooost.
voll|l lscl 2|-o so, oJctl, olsc oqroolclll oo zooostvool oso|t. urovo
scrotool lostcllrooo ostlqocco zoooostl costo sc slczllo uo so o|ozo
|o|o bl c to|vl, cto zoooostl l toool|o lzl|oo|ool cv|otlo osto|oo|o,
Ico|cloolroo cov|o|.
1
lorou cov|o|o, tc so o|ovl|c|c l rozoo urcqo blco, o
crovo |o o|loovo oJcsoboo lotoro|cl|o oo|zooco|ol|l ooot. Dooos so c
sltcocl|l uo l lotoro|cl|o o |o|lo so Iootozlro c o|vlrc 2|-o oo|ovl|c|c svo|
s|orl rolozo| c zbll|c, c sIorc zbll|s|l oqccoq. 1ouoo vl|ost |o|c sc 7. svlbo|o
2007. rool|olo zooco|oo oovlos|o oqoocl|o lz cl|oloq svl|oto |oo uo |o oo|ovo
ovoq ozbll|oo|o.
Vlolstorstvo trqovloo 1czoo koro|o lzuolo |o rlocoo|o c |o|o oo|ovl|c|o
osolvoo|o uvoooostoroclooo |olsl|o cl|l co zouoto| bltl lzoolozoo|o otlc|oq
1 No|o roslo vrl|oo cotrl|obl|ooo c qovorc o 2|-c oo bcuo |rlvo sovocooo. Norovoo uo |o ooo |oo zoor l uooos osto|oco.
lo|, octorl czotl c obzlr zo ovo| rou rlouo|c |loslclo, l c to slslc troulcl|l, uo|lo roslostl. Joo |o|lo sc so ool bovlll uooos
osto|c o|tcoloo c urcqo |ooto|stc. lrotostovl|o uo too uoooso|lo 2| rlco ooco |os ucqo ostotl o|tcoloo c to slslc.
ko|vo bl to Iootozl|o bllo |o|o bl voc sctrouoo ostolo stvoroostl
71
GkGlC - 8JO AkO ANDkOlDl 2Al8JA 8AN1A1u |L|kJklCN| OvC|
C|Vu
8.l,l7
O2u1Ak
2009.
|ouo|so zo robotol
2
Oco|c|oo uo co cs|oro uocl uoo |ouo co robotl s
lotolo|tcolol otoocl|olo ocl u|olovotl oo tool|c vlostltlo oulc|o.
8toqo roustovl|oo ovo |oo o|cso| uovoo|o otlc|lo s|orolco o clozl
l sosoboostlo roboto, lz|ovlo |o roustovol| lolstorstvo (koctors}.
3
No|ovl|ooo |o l oqccoost uo so c lzroul otlc|oq |ouo|so |oo roulozo| czc
trl zo|ooo robotl|o |o|o |o c svo|l rlcoo ostovlo zooooltl octor 2|-o
lsooc Aslov (Aslov l97}. No colc tl|olo |o|oq soclo|ovo|c zooostvoolcl,
ouv|otolcl, uo|torl l sloolozl oolozl so roIosor kl Doo-Woo so 8vocclllsto c
Vyooq|lc. lostovl|oo rovllo |o|o co ouroultl qroolco rozvo|o robotl|o, |oo
l ooclo oo |o|l co l|cul zlv|otl zo|ouoo s robotlo. Drcstvo c |o|o robotl l l|cul
zlvo zo|ouoo ozo oostcltl rl|o ooqo so oouoo, v|oro|otoo coctor uosot
qouloo. kobots|o otl|o ulo |o l|cus|o otl|o. 8vroo ovoq |ouo|so |o lzoolozoo|o
oocloo |ooqzlstoocl|o l|cul l roboto, o oo oqroolcovoo|o rozvo|o robotl|o
(lOL tocoooloqy}.
=
Noqloso| co bltl stovl|oo oo zourzovoo|o l|cus|o |ootrolo
oou robotlo, srocovoo|o lloqoloo corobo roboto (zo oozol|ooo lll oosoo
svroo}, zostltc robots|l rl|cl|oolo ouoto|o, oslqcrovoo|o o|loovoq |osooq
luootlclroo|o l oqccoostl uo lo so roooJo (uo l so cJo c troq}.
5
u sv|otlc ovo|vlo uoqoJoo|o clol so zooll|lvl ccstltl so c soostolol o|cso|
rozrouo |ouooq otlc|oq |ouo|so zo roboto.
6
Oo bl obcovocoo ovootcoloo
rovo l,lll obvozo roboto c ouoosc oo l|cuo l urcqo roboto, oll l rovo l|cul
c ouoosc oo roboto. Nczoo |o lstrozltl oo osoovc |o|lo oull|o bl robotl oqll
lll troboll czlvotl ouroJooo rovo. Drcqo too |o|o so oooco |o ovootcoloo
oroloost solo roboto, t|. ltoo|o ozo ll robot bltl orolol scb|o|t, so svl
osl|oulcoo to|voq stotcso. vrl|ouol scqovorolcl c ovo|vo oosto|oo|c sc,
oorovoo, lscl 2|-o, cz o|o|oq lozoIo.
2 Nl|o slcco|oost uo so ovo|ov uoqoJo| zblo crovo c 1czoo| koro|l. kl|oc |o o troco| o rouc zol|l c rozvo|c robotl|o (ouoo
lzo 8AD-o l 1oooo} l sosto o rouc rolzvoJocc roboto oo svl|otc. koro|s|o vlouo loolro robotl|c ccloltl qlovol sroustvo
rlvrouooq rozvo|o. 8oo urzovo clozo o|o sto lll|coo uoloro qoulso|o c rozvo| robotl|o, o roc|oo|c|c uo co uo 20l3. c svo|o
|oro|s|o |ccoostvc bltl o |ouoo robot. 2ouoco |o|o l so oo|oo|c|c sc lzoloo rozooll|o, ou brlqo zo u|occ l ooocoo, rouo-
voo|o c s|oloo, svo uo ccvoo|o qroolco.
3 $out| koco p|ons coJc oI ct||cs Io obots, oo |ttp.,,www.cutcs.com,ot|c|cl|nt?ot|c|cJ=u$$|O!6657!2007057 (l=. 8.
2007.}. Vo| rl|ovou s ooqlos|oq orlqloolo.
= $koco w|t|nq coJc oI ct||cs Io obots, oo ott.,,www.loltocoooloqy.co.zo,ortlclo_rlot.olArtlclolu=50l923 (l=. 8.
2007.}. Vo| rl|ovou s ooqlos|oq orlqloolo.
5 2o roboto |o|l co bltl |orlstool c vo|oo svroo rouvlJo so osoboo |ouo|s. u trooct|c lsoo|o ovoqo rouo ol|o bllo ol|o|vlo
uol|o|lo loIorocl|o o vo|oo |ouo|sc.
ko|o bl so lzb|oqll ovootcolol torloolos|l oosorozcl, otroboo |o ouoo oo ocot|c stroqo uoolrotl o|ovo. kobot
|o svo|o oooolc|o cltlIco|cloooloo oorovo |o|o so ozo roqrolrotl zo rozllclto oorocl|o. 8oc rl|oc robot rvl |o
cotrl|oblo cos|l lsoc korol Coo| l920. qouloo. Drolu |o robot s c|otoo lotollqoocl|o. Aourolu |o cov|o|oll|l urolu (Aolc
ot ol. 200=.}. Ovo ocoolto ulstlo|cl|o uobro |o lotl rou oclo, oJctl, ooo olsc roscuoo. ltoo |o uo |o cvl|o| rl|oc o blcc
(c oo|slro zoocoo|c to rl|ocl}, stvorooo ou strooo cov|o|o (lll bllo |o|oq urcqoq zlvoq blco}, o cto toool|o ooqccooo
zooostvool sozoo|oo. Votorl|o ou |o|o |o soclo|ooo oo oro oczoo bltl ooorqoos|o (lll rotozoo ooorqoos|o}, oll oootl
oct |loolroo|o oo clozo c vluo|rcq ovo too.
72
C|Vu
8.l,l7
O2u1Ak
2009.
GkGlC - 8JO AkO ANDkOlDl 2Al8JA 8AN1A1u |L|kJklCN| OvC|
!A, kO8(O1)
No ccul uo |o 1czoo koro|o oo|ovllo oqccoost oscJlvoo|o zo|ooo robotl|o
ou lsooco Aslovo. A|o so oo roboto, boz obzlro oo o|oqovo ovootcoloo
osobloo, qlouo |oo oo orcJo to| oosto sostlclrool|o ou co|lco, trl zo|ooo |o|o
so o|ovl|c|c c Aslovl|ovo| zblrcl rlovl|ouo|o !o, obot cloo so luoololo.
l.} kobot oo so uo ovroul l|cus|o blco lll uo svo|o ooo|tlvooscc uozvoll
uo l|cus|o blco bcuo ovroJooo. 2.} kobot oro uo so ovlo|c|o ooroJoo|lo
uobl|ool ou l|cus|lo blco, lzczov c slcco|c o|o sc to ooroJoo|o c scrotoostl
s lrvl zo|ooo. 3.} kobot oro uo stltl sostvooo osto|oo|o svo uo| to|vo
zostlto ol|o c scrotoostl s lrvl lll Drcql zo|ooo (Aslov l97. 7}. 2o|ool
sc cstro|ool o rloclc olqorlto. vrl|ouoost l |o ol|ororolzlrooo, o so to|o
cvl|o| rl oulccl zo u|olovoo|o oro rvo c obzlr czotl lrvl zo|oo, to| o|o |o
ovo| lsco|oo rolozl so oo u|olovoo|o c s|louc s Drcql, o lstl rlocl vrl|oul
l zo Jrocl.
Aslov so c sol rlcoo o|stors|l olqrovo crovo trlo zo|oolo l
oocloo oo |o|l robotl u|olc|c c s|louc s o|lo. lo|ovl|c|c so zooll|lvo tozo.
u |ouoo| ou rlco, roboslooloq lzoosl tvruo|c |o|o |o zorovo oooqcco
rozll|ovotl roboto ou oo|bol|oq l|cus|oq blco |or sc trl zo|ooo robotl|o cstvorl
rc|ovouocl rlocll vocloo otlc|lo slstoo c svl|otc.
7
Jrocl zo|oo ouroz |o
l|cus|oq ooqooo zo sooourzoo|o. Drcql zo|oo ouroz |o uobroq cov|o|o
|o|l lo urcstvooc svl|ost l os|ocoo|o ouqovoroostl roo urcqlo, l |o|l cvlJo
oczoost ostlvoo|o octorltoto, o zo occ |orlst. lrvl zo|oo bllo bl zorovo
lotorrotocl|o ooo blbll|s|o l|cbl bllzo|oqo svoqo |oo sooqo sobo oo ooclo
uo |o oczoo lzlozltl sobo oosoostl uo bl so sosllo urcqoqo.
lo|, Aslov ol|o toll|o oolvoo. N|oqovl robotl sc lotollqootol|l l soozol|l
ou l|cul l toqo sc sv|osol, os|ouc|c sosoboost ccoo|o, lzrozovo|c osobloo
oct zootlzol|o,
8
lo|c Ico|cloooloo |oroloto oocl|o, os|ouc|c ooqoo zo
sooourzoo|o. uootoc svl ovl oull|oo, robot |o zorovo rob, o to|vl qo
clol lrvl zo|oo. Oo |o c v|ocoo vlosolstvc tvorolco |o|o qo |o rolzvolo, ooo
ol|o|vo osoboo rovo, oltl ozo os|ouovotl loto|. u s|louc s Arlstotolovo
Iorclocl|o, oo |o zlvo orcJo.
9
Do bl so bllo osobo, tlo l orolol scb|o|t, o
Arlstotolc |o oczoo oqccoost |roostl |oo o|osolco l|cus|oq (sc}zlvoto. Ool
|o|l tc oqccoost oo os|ouc|c sc lll zlvotlo|o, lll borborl, lll robovl, uo|lo olsc
7 u ovo |ooto|stc |o, oorovoo, rl|oc o cov|o|oll|o lotollqootoo robotc, t|. oouroluc.
8 urovo ovo osobloo o|osolco |o rlco loq|ko |ortozl|oos|oq o|cso. kobot o|ozo zootlzol|c o svoo orl|o|lc, oll qo l|cus|l ou-
qovor |o|o sc qo ool stvorlll oo zouovol|l. u otrozl zo slqcrol tool|o zo rozlsl|oo|o robot oo |ro|c stlzo uo toqo uo zoslqcroo
osto|l osto lsll. cuccl uo|lo osto|l, oczoo |o uo bcuo l oo|l czro| o|oqovoq osto|oo|o. VoJctl, cvlu|ovsl uo |o o svoc
scorlorol|l l|culo, zo|l|ccc|o uo qo ool olsc oqll stvorltl, urzocl so rl too |oo o|sloo tvruo|o |o|o ol|ouoo blco oo ozo
stvorltl blco bol|o ou sobo sooql koo svoq tvorco touo ostcllro Gosouoro. lrotostovlvsl |osoo sv|otlo stroqoq rozlsl|oo|o
soozorol ouoclo |o|l oqc l rovorltl, svo o|ovo |o|o c so oo c|loo|c c slsto oubocc|o |oo llczl|o.
9 O |volltotl zlvoto, t|. ltoo|c sto |ost zlvo(t}, blt co rl|ocl |osol|o. Norovoo, uobor ulo Aslovl|ovlo l|cus|lo ll|ovo oo uozlvl|ovo
roboto |oo zlvo blco.
73
GkGlC - 8JO AkO ANDkOlDl 2Al8JA 8AN1A1u |L|kJklCN| OvC|
C|Vu
8.l,l7
O2u1Ak
2009.
l|cul c coo slslc to rl|ocl. 8ol tlo, oo rlzoo|o l so stotcs orolooq
scb|o|to, oltl svo rovo |o|o lz o|oqo rolzlozo. kroost |o, |o|o so lscltovo lz
N|komo|ovc ct|kc (Arlstotol l982.}, stoo|o s lzboro t|. rolsl|ooo zcuo|o
zo stvorlo |o|o sc c ooso| ocl, o oo ooclo oo |o|l bl to cclollo rozborlto
osobo. 2o roscubc oocl|o |roostl |l|ccoo |o oqccoost lzboro, t|. ooot
slobouo. kobot tc oqccoost ooo. lrvl zo|oo (o l urcqo uvo}, cqroJoo c
o|oqovc otrlcc |oo sostovol ulo, ouczlo c ocl|c slobouooq lzboro. Oo
oro u|olovotl to|o l to|o, rouo |oo lotollqootoo blco vlul l urcqo ocl|o
l o|loovo osl|oulco, o os|ouc|o l zlc|c oc lzvrsovoo|o, robot, uo|lo, ol|o
oroloo blco, oltl to ozo bltl. koo orcJo, oo |o |ou Aslovo rouot |oo l
svo|l urcql, l oo os|ouc|o ol|o|vo rovo. 8 o|l so, o otrobl, ozo roultl
osolctoo svo. No uovoJoo|o roboto c oosoost lll o|oqovo colstoo|o qlouo so
soo |oo oo otorl|olol qcblto| zo vlosol|o, o l|cul roo robotlo ooo|c
ol|o|vlo obvozo. lroo o|lo |o, oorovoo, oqcco rozvltl slotl|o, oll ooo
so oocoloo oo rozll|c|c ou sootlootoloo vozooostl zo or. |oou o|ccstvo.
lltoo|o o oocl|oo, o rlroul vrlo zooll|lvo, voul ou Aslovo uo |ouooq
urcqoq osobc|ooq octoro.
ANDkO|D| | LlLk1k|CNL OVCL
Noslov rouo oclto |o oroIrozo ooslovo zoooolto 2| |o|lqo lolllo k.
Dlc|o $onjoju || onJo|J| c|ckt|cnc ovcc?.
10
2o rozll|c ou Aslovo, cl|l sc
robotl cqlovoo qoloo otoloo osloo, Dlc| clol svo|o roboto lzrozlto
ootrooorIolo. Clo|oolco uo o|oqovl oourolul ooll|c|c cov|o|c (oo soo
zlc|l} cvoul uouotoc ooloqouc c o|cso| svoJoo|o o|loovo oqzlstoocl|o oo
stotcs c|lo osloo. lzczov ozqo, |o|l so lzqroJc|o l cqroJc|o c zosobol
rocoslo, oourolu |o c otcoostl orqoos|o blco, svo uo |ostooo srzl (|o|o
so lo| rozll|c|o ou l|cus|o}.
11
lo|c svo zlolos|o otrobo l rocoso oct
l|cul, |oozclro|c orooc, oqc stcotl c soloo ouooso, sl|c so, tcslro|c so,
cso. N|loov ozo| clol lo lotollqootolo boro oo olvoc ros|ocooq cov|o|o.
8osobol sc ooccltl cltotl l lsotl, o rozvl|o|c l otrobc zo cltoo|o. lovro toqo,
oqc ls|csltl oocloooloo stoo|o oct csol|ooostl, boll l uorosl|o.
12
No|l
ou o|lo co| oltl olsc sv|osol uo sc oourolul (lo|c cqroJooc c|otoc oorl|c s
lozol s|ocoo|lo oo rotoouol zlvot}.
uootoc svoc too, ool so lo| rozll|c|c ou l|cul. 2lvotol vl|o| l |o cotlrl qouloo.
kozloq too |o sto oourolul, zo rozll|c ou l|cul, ooo|c rlrouol slsto zo|ooo
l0 lo |o|lzl |o soll|oo l |cltol |losl| lo |o|lzl |o soll|oo l |cltol |losl| 8|oJc kunnc kluloyo 8cotto lz l982.
ll Dlc| zorovo oo soclclro ou |o|voq |o otorl|olo lzqroJoo o|loov ozo|, to|o uo |o otvorooo oqccoost uo l oo bcuo Dlc| zorovo oo soclclro ou |o|voq |o otorl|olo lzqroJoo o|loov ozo|, to|o uo |o otvorooo oqccoost uo l oo bcuo
orqoos|l.
l2 No|l oourolul so co| l uroqlro|c zboq uorosl|o. No|l oourolul so co| l uroqlro|c zboq uorosl|o.
7=
C|Vu
8.l,l7
O2u1Ak
2009.
GkGlC - 8JO AkO ANDkOlDl 2Al8JA 8AN1A1u |L|kJklCN| OvC|
lstrosoolo t|olosolo stoolco, t|. o|loovoq tro|ooq soooboovl|oo|o, |ouoostovoo
so lstroso l rostooc Ico|cloolrotl. u oJcvroooc oo storo l oo oboll|ovo|c.
No roJo|c so, oo ourosto|c (rolzvouo lo c zol|ooo| uobl}, oltl oqc lotl
u|occ. lo|o sc c stoo|c uozlvl|ovotl ouroJooo oocl|o, ooo sc |ou o|lo c rovllc
|rot|otro|oo, to oourolul lo|o zoouo|c c oozolotoroslrooost. . lolo [|o|
vlso sol|oso|o slrooostl, oll coctroso|o oootost l Irooozl|o |os sc blll tc. lo|,
rocoo votro |o |oo|ovolo, zlvotoo sllo |o lstlcolo, ccrllo lz o|o, toll|o cto |o to
qlouoo |ou urcqlo oouroluo. kloslcoo rozlqoocl|o. Voooolc|o, lotolo|tcoloo
rlovotoo|o oooqo sto lstlos|l orqoolzo |o|l lzo sobo lo uvo lll|oruo
qouloo rltls|o uo zlvl l uo oulco ctovlo ovolccl|o ol|ou oo bl oqoo
olrooo rlovotltl. (Dlc| l98=. l27}. Glovol rozloq |o|l uorloosl o|loovo
stotcsc |o o|loovo oooqccoost ls|cstvo ootl|o. |otl|o |o, o uoolcl|l,
sosoboost rozcl|ovoo|o zoocoo|o l zooco|oostl oocl|o l ooosoo|o urcqo
osobo, czlvl|ovoo|o c tcJo oocloooloo stoo|o (Aolc ot ol. 200=. l==, sv.
3}. u ostoo|olltlcoo urcstvc |o|voq olsc|o Dlc|, ootl|o roo svl
obllclo zlvoto (t|. l urcql l|culo l svl ostoll zlvotlo|oo} zoloq |o lroo
bcuccoostl l ostoo|o. koo to|vo, ooo |o |l|ccoo l|cus|o oull|o. |otl|o,
oclqlouoo, osto|l soo c l|cus|o| zo|ouolcl, zo rozll|c ou lotollqoocl|o |o|o
|o c oo|o stco|c zostcl|ooo c svl zlvotlo|s|l loo l |losoo, co| l |ou
oroooluo. lro svoqo, ootl|s|o sosoboost vorovotoo zootovo osto|oo|o
rozvl|oooq qrcooq lostlo|to, orqoolzo csol|ool|, |oo sto |o oorlor
oc|, oo bl loo |orlst ou ootl|o, .|otl|o co zlvo blco s|looo s|cl|oo|c
c stouo, cov|o| oorlor, stocl cvocooc sosoboost ostoo|o. (Dlc| l98=.
2=}. us|rocool zo oqccoost ootlcoostl, oourolul sc ls|l|ccool lz urcstvo, t|.
svouool oo rouot |o|l lo svoq vlosol|o. No sl|c olsto os|ouovotl, oo sl|c
stcotl c soloo ouooso, oo sl|c oosltl orcz|o, oltl so sl|c soostoloo |rototl
(t|. boz roto|o lll zooo|o l|cus|oq vlosol|o}. 8tovlso, ool zo|oos|l oltl olsc zlvl.
N|loov soclcoo stotcs c svl|otc |o|oq Dlc| Iootozlro vol|o uotol|ol|o
roccltl. A|o |o |oo qlovoo l|cus|o oull|o ostcllrooo ootlcoost, |osoo |o
zosto oourolu oo ozo bltl scb|o|t rovoo cov|o|c c rovoo, o oltl c bllo
|o|o urcqo slslc. VoJctl, osto|o oo|osoo zosto c so oo rlzoo|o stotcs
zlvoq blco. Orqoos|o qroJo, oourolu lo vocloc Ico|cl|o |o|o so rllsc|c
zlvl blclo, o ovro toqo os|ouc|o lotollqoocl|c l |o|vc to|vc oocloooloost.
8vo c to oo qorootlro ol|o|ov rovol stotcs. Do| |o cbl|oo|o l oosll|o roo
l|culo l zlvotlo|oo oo|strozo zobroo|ooo, oouroluo so sl|o ovccl lz
rooto. Aourolul so |orlsto zo oo|tozo oslovo, uo| sc zlvotlo|o toll|o
uroqoc|ooo l ccvooo uo oo rouo olsto. kozcl|lvo |o uo sc oourolul stvorool
uo bcuc |orlsol, oll ol|o |osoo zosto oo bl oqll lotl boro oo|o|vo rovo,
oct or. zlvotlo|o c ooso uoooso|o svl|otc.
2oooorlvsl |ooto|st c |o|l lo Dlc| stovl|o, clol so uo o|oqovl oourolul os|ouc|c
75
GkGlC - 8JO AkO ANDkOlDl 2Al8JA 8AN1A1u |L|kJklCN| OvC|
C|Vu
8.l,l7
O2u1Ak
2009.
svo roucv|oto uo bcuc zlvo l oroloo blco, o oo tool|c toqo l uo ovootcoloo
czlvo|c lsto rovo |oo l l|cul. lo|o so to ozo ccloltl oorlllcol, ovu|o c ooc
trobo zozvotl kooto. Do|lo to| rlocl ccuorouoostl, crovo zboq ocooltostl
zo|ooouovstvo, |o|o qo clol Iorolol oo|vlsl ouroubool rozloqo vol|o
boz obzlro oo svo o|oqovo scb|o|tlvoo rozllcoostl, c c|ouoo roqlosovo
zo|ooo zo svo coo blco, c|oll|o coco lo|c oo|c vol|c, t|. oo|c oc uo
svo| |oczolltot ouroJc|c rououzbo rovllo, uo|lo c|oll|o sc sosoboo zo
u|olovoo|o roo oocollo, o o too l roo rlocllo o rlorl (|or soo
ovl lo|c ooc oczoost, |o|c c zootl|ovo zo oocolo}. Oa sc, do||c, ac oqroa|covo
somo ao |jodc, acqo ao svo |oaocao b|co, |ojo so obdorcao omom | vo|jom."
(koot l97=. 5, o| |crzlvl}. Ouovuo |o |osoo uo svo|o cs|o blco lo orolol
otoocl|ol. lroblo |o |ouloo ozo ll so o|ozotl uo oourolul os|ouc|c c l
vol|c. lrotoouoo |o rocooo uo os|ouc|c lotollqoocl|c (Dlc| uouo|o l s|looost |
ostro|too lsl|ooc}, o zo kooto |o to uostotoo. lco o|, |o|o |o sosoboo
zo u|olovoo|o roo rououzbl, |ost inteligencija (coo blco}, o |oczolltot |o
to|voq blco roo to| rououzbl zo|ooo o|oqovo vol|o. (koot l97=. l73}
13
lroo too, Dlc|ov oourolu |o, cootoc toc sto |o c|otoo stvoroo cto
zooooscc ooqccooo toool|o, oroloo blco or ocollooco.
l=
8 to|vo bl so oc|ooo zocl|olo oroo slozltl l 1ooo kowls, boro oo tool|c
tvruo|l lzoosoolo c svoo u|olc A !|coy oI !ust|cc (kowls l97l.}. A|o |o
oourolu uovol|oo lotollqootoo uo |o sosoboo lotl |oococl|c vlostlto
uobrobltl (lzrozooo roclooolol looo zlvoto}, touo oo ozo scu|olovotl c
zosolvoo|c oroloostl cto lzboro orololo oorl c lzvoroo stoo|c, o tlo l
bltl oroloo osobo.
l5
Do| so ovu|o o|ozolo uo l c|otoo rolzvouooo blco, ou rotostov|o uo
|o oqcco rolzvostl c|otoc lotollqoocl|c, ozo bltl oroloo blco, vrl|ouoo |o
lsltotl l |rltorl|o |o|l |vollclro|c oo|o blco |oo zlvo. 2lvot so clol |oo |ouoo ou
Io|toro |o|l bltoo ct|occ oo oocl|l rovol stotcs, o uo bl qo so ool|o lstrozllo,
oczoo |o kcnut| qJjc n|t| jcJon covjck Jo soJo n|jc |soo.
1kA2LN!L NOV|H O8l|kA 2|VO1A
locloroo 2| sorl|o 2vjczJonc stozc (kouuooborry l9.}, c s|louc so svo|l
oo|ovol oto, .trozltl oovo obll|o zlvoto l oovo clvlllzocl|o, orobro lcl
qu|o oltl |ouoo cov|o| uo souo ol|o lsool, costo so zoolo ccstltl c stvoroo
l3 Orlqloolol |crzlvl Norovoo, roblo uoolroo|o lotollqoocl|o vrlo |o slozoo. cuccl uo lo coo rozllcltlo olso, oltl |ouoo ol|o Orlqloolol |crzlvl Norovoo, roblo uoolroo|o lotollqoocl|o vrlo |o slozoo. cuccl uo lo coo rozllcltlo olso, oltl |ouoo ol|o
oco rlovocoo.
l= cuccl uo lo boro oqroolcool ooclooolol otoocl|ol, oourolu |o sosoboo rozvltl l ooo sto koot oozlvo orolol os|oco- cuccl uo lo boro oqroolcool ooclooolol otoocl|ol, oourolu |o sosoboo rozvltl l ooo sto koot oozlvo orolol os|oco-
|o.
l5 kou kowlso, zo rozll|c ou ostot|o |ootro|tcollstlc|o troulcl|o, ol|o rl|oc o zosolvoo|c urcstvo lll urzovo, voc crovo orolo, t|. kou kowlso, zo rozll|c ou ostot|o |ootro|tcollstlc|o troulcl|o, ol|o rl|oc o zosolvoo|c urcstvo lll urzovo, voc crovo orolo, t|.
ocorlzootlo orololo oorl.
76
C|Vu
8.l,l7
O2u1Ak
2009.
GkGlC - 8JO AkO ANDkOlDl 2Al8JA 8AN1A1u |L|kJklCN| OvC|
zooll|lvo so|cllroo|o. 1ouoo ou olzouo, ou oozlvo Vjco covjcko, bovl
so slcco|o |o|l so ulro|too oouovozc|o oo rotoouoo oqlovl|o ovo rouo|o.
koul so o scus|o rocosc, cl|o |o svroo ouroultl rovol stotcs |ouooq oouroluo,
ouoosoo, ctvrultl |o ll oo osobo lll rlvotoo vlosolstvo. Jczltol|stvo, |o|o |o
cll| uo|ozotl |o|o |o rl|oc o rlvotoo vlosolstvc, |orlstl sl|ouoco orqcooto.
Aourolu |o octoot stvoroo uo sllcl l|cus|o blcc, oo |o rolzvou l|cus|oq
co l lzqroJoo |o ou strooo cov|o|o (l soItworo l ooruworo}, o svroo c |o
slczltl cov|o|c. koo to|vo blco, oourolu ooo ol|o|vo rovo voc so oro
o|orovotl oorouboo vlosol|o. |ouorocl|o lloooto (voll|o urzovo c |o|o| so
uoqoJo vocloo zblvoo|o c sorl|l} qorootlro rovol stotcs svl blclo |o|o sc c
stoo|c zo|oclvotl l os|ocotl.
16
Obrooo oosto|l o|ozotl uo oourolu souo c
tc s|cloc l uo oo tool|c toqo lo zoqorootlrooo rovo |oo l ostolo blco lz
o|o, c ovo slcco|c, uo lo rovo oo o|orovotl so oorouboo rolzvoJoco.
krltorl|l |o|o |ouorocl|o ostovl|o sc |osol. uo bl so blco sotrolo scb|o|to
(uo|lo, l rovol scb|o|to}, ooo oro os|ouovotl lotollqoocl|c, svl|ost l
soosvl|ost. Aourolu c ltoo|c |o uooltlvoo lotollqootoo |or |o sosoboo ccltl
l soolozltl so c oovl sltcocl|oo. A|tlvoo rooqlro oo lzvoo|s|o ourozo|o l
|ocolclro s o|olloo, sto sc oull|o sv|osooq blco. koo |rltorl| zo soosvl|ost
ouroJc|o so svl|ost o vlostlto osto|oo|c l u|olovoo|c. ko|o |o oourolu oclto
sv|ostoo cloqo |o|o oo l l|cul lo|c oo scJoo|c, l uovol|oo |o zobrloct zo vlostlto
osto|oo|o uo so lolcl|oloo oulcclo csrotlvltl otoocl|oloo oosoo ooroJoo|c,
clol so uo os|ouc|o l soosvl|ost.
17
No tool|c toqo uooosooo |o roscuo
|o|o oourolu oro czlvotl svo rovo |oo l l|cul l ostolo blco lz to s|cloo.
l8
kl|oc |o, c stvorl, o o|ovl oovo roso, oovoq obll|o zlvoto, cl|o bl ouclo|ovoo|o
zoocllo zorovo orobl|ovoo|o, o to |o oouocstlvo. lrouo |o ovo| oourolu
blco ou ooorqoos|lo otorl|olo, o|oqovo oull|o (c |o|o souo l lotollqoocl|o
oouocoo l|cus|o|, |oo l oqccoost vorbolooq |ocolclroo|o} oouvo|booo c
rczo|c zoslczool rovol stotcs. lcoo vocl roblo |ovl|o so rl scsrotc s oocl
oo|o ooll| oo cov|o|o.
urovo to|ov slcco| olsc|o so c olzoul kvo||tcto z|voto. 1ouoo oll
ooocoooluol robot, ulzo|olroo uo obovl|o rozllclto orov|o, uolozl c
sroulsto ozo|o |ouo qo so ocoo sotrotl otoocl|oloo zlvll u ocoolto|
uoolcl|l |o|c c sorl|l uo|o ll| uo|torlco, zlvot |o ooo sto ooqccovo bll||oo l
l Jorlo |o|l so o|ovl|c|o c orlqloolc |o Jorlo |o|l so o|ovl|c|o c orlqloolc |o scnt|cnt bc|nq, oll o|oqo |o oooqcco ulro|too rovostl oo orvots|l.
l7 8oosvl|ost bl so oqlo olsotl |oo svl|ost o svl|ostl, t|. o svo|l sv|osol stoo|lo. Osoovoo |o tozo uo zlvotlo|o, lo|o sv|osoo 8oosvl|ost bl so oqlo olsotl |oo svl|ost o svl|ostl, t|. o svo|l sv|osol stoo|lo. Osoovoo |o tozo uo zlvotlo|o, lo|o sv|osoo
blco, olsc sv|osoo toqo uo sc sv|osoo. l |ou l|cul sc trooccl soosvl|ostl rolotlvoo rl|ot|l, bllo bl |ro|o|o ooo|ooolcoo uo svo|l
ourozo| ooollzlroo oo ooclo uo sol sobl |ozoo. 1osl ll sv|ostoo toqo uo crovo souo qlouos rouot |o|l |o zolooo bo|o.
Novol|o so (soo}svl|oscc |o c oooqccoostl o|oooq oloqootooq uoolroo|o, stoqo roosto|c soo oooloqootol olsl oct ovoq.
koo oouococ tvruo|l o soosvl|ostl, oourolu lstlco uo o|oqovo ls|cstvo lo|c |vollcoost, t|. uo o|oqovo oorl|o ol|o soo c|l
zblr clo|oolco, voc uo ooo (clo|oolco} zo o|oqo lo|c osoboc |volltotc scb|o|tlvooq uo|o. lovro zobll|os|o o too uo |o c to l
to trooct|c oo to l to |ostc cqlouoo soclcoo rouot ouroJooo ol|ooso zolooo bo|o, o|oqovo oorl|o bll|ozl l o|oqovo
osoboo ls|cstvo qlouoo|o (l vlJoo|o} toq rouoto, uo|o, |o|l |o soo o|oqov, l |o|l oo ozo bltl ls|ozlv c zooostvooo stroqo
rlovotl|lvl |otoqorl|oo l |oo to|ov zobll|ozoo. Jo|vo tvruo|o |o, oorovoo, oouo|ozlvo, oll tlo l oooborlvo.
l8 8vl orqcootl lz kooto l kowlso vozool cz rosrovc o oouroluc |o|voq olsc|o |lll k. Dlc| rl|oo|c|c so l oo ovo| slcco|. 8vl orqcootl lz kooto l kowlso vozool cz rosrovc o oouroluc |o|voq olsc|o |lll k. Dlc| rl|oo|c|c so l oo ovo| slcco|.
77
GkGlC - 8JO AkO ANDkOlDl 2Al8JA 8AN1A1u |L|kJklCN| OvC|
C|Vu
8.l,l7
O2u1Ak
2009.
zlvotlo|oo uo |oozclro|c orooc, lzvloco lz o|o ooorql|c, rostc, rozoozovo|c
so l rlloqoJovo|c o|ollsc. 8vo sto zouovol|ovo ovo cv|oto (lll boro vocloc
o|lo} sotro so zlvl.
19
kobot c ltoo|c lo sosoboost ccoo|o, t|. oqccoost uo
svo|l obovl|ool orovo| (roblo l o|oqovo r|osoo|o} oorool c oorl|l, |o|o
bl cbcucco blo cclo|ovltl|l. lrl lzvrsoo|c zouoco robot |o o|ozoo zoccJc|cco
oull|o. roroqrolroo bl ostov|o |o|o sc c l|cul zouoll |o|o bl oIo|tol|o
lzvrslo uoblvool zouoto|, ol|o lzvrslo zo sobo otoocl|oloo oosoc rouo|c (sollo
|o svo|o crovl|oc|o sccol|o |o|o qo so oo bl oqlo toloulrlqlrotl, o osll|o qo
|o so orovlo}, c qrcoo zouot|c, |ouoo ou roboto |o ostoo obovl|otl svo|c
zouocc ou cl|ooc vlostltoq colstoo|o |o|o bl so ostoll robotl oqll slqcroo
ovo|clrotl.
20
lostovl|o so ltoo|o. |o ll blco |o|o o|ozc|o to|vo oull|o zlvo
Ooo uooltlvoo |oozclro orooc l lzvlocl lz o|o ooorql|c. 8tovlso, zo rozll|c
ou cov|o|o, ooo |o c rouoostl |or ros|oco |ouoo scvlsoo |oro| l |oozclro
ulro|too ooorql|c (rotostovl|ooo olo|trlcoc}. lrlloqoJovo so o|ollsc |or ozo
oulclrotl ostov|o obovl|oo|o uoblvooo zouoco ovlsoo o o|oloostlo. lovro
toqo, svo|l o|cso|o sosovoo|o sooq sobo ou colstoo|o o|ozolo |o svl|ost
o svo o|rczoo|c l sosoboost uo so to o|rczoo|c rlloqoul, boro oo rozlol
oo |o|o| to uooostrlro|c ooqo zlvotlo|s|o vrsto. koo stro| orol|oo rozol
olotlo, ovo bl blco co| bllo c stoo|c rolzvoultl oovo |oulo|o oo svo|c sll|c l
to|o so rozoozovotl. u s|louc s rotoouoo oovouool oull|oo, ooo bl so
oqlo sotrotl zlvll 2o rozll|c ou oouroluo lz rotoouooq slcco|o, ooo ol|o
lotollqoocl|o oo l|cus|o| rozlol (oorovoo, oltl lzoou o|o} l oo ozo |ocolclrotl
vorboloo, oll |o lo| zlvo. Jool|o toqo, ooo, v|oro|otoo, oo bl oqlo czlvotl
svo rovo |oo l|cul, oourolul, l ostolo blco toq rooqo (oo bl or. oqlo bltl
|ootoo brouo}, oll bl trobolo lotl boro oo|o rovo. |ouorocl|o zobroo|c|o
uo so zlvo blco ls|orlstovo|c |oo rouolcl, ouoosoo, uo so rlsll|ovo|c oo rou.
Ooo oqc bltl |orlstooo zo rou, oll oo l o|slootlrooo. Jo bl zoocllo uo to|ov
robot, uo|lo ooorqoos|o, cto toool|o, o oocc zoooostl ooqccooo, oll
cootoc too zlvo blco, c |ouorocl|l lo rovo czlvotl stotcs boro |ouoo|
oooo orqoos|oq zlvoq blco c ooso, uoooso|o svl|otc. 1ouoo |oo|, or.,
ooo slobouc |rotoo|o, oo ozo os|ouovotl vlosolstvo, qlosotl oo lzborlo
lll bltl svocclllsol roIosor, ozo bltl |orlstoo (|oo|, oo svocclllsol roIosor, slcl}
zo oroo|o lll |oooo|o boz svo|o lzrlclto rlvolo. lo|, rl too oo sl|o bltl
o|slootlroo lll zlostovl|oo, oo sl|o bltl lzocrlvoo uo srtl, vlosol| qo |o uczoo
orooltl l brloctl so o o|oc (or. zurovstvooo}, oo sl|o qo so tccl lll ostro zlc|l
|ozo|ovotl. 2o rozll|c ou |oo|o, |ouoo tro|tor, |o|l ol|o zlv, ozo bltl |orlstoo
uo llo vol|o. kouo so oo oooso ooo|o |o|o bl vozoc zollo, tro|tor ozo bltl
l9 2o csoroubc so oqc rozotrltl oull|o |o|o oovoul A. Voyor, o rooosl ozootl ootrooloq uolcto llossoor. . A. Voyor 2o csoroubc so oqc rozotrltl oull|o |o|o oovoul A. Voyor, o rooosl ozootl ootrooloq uolcto llossoor. . A. Voyor
c svo|o| voc cltlrooo| loq|c| VoIo|oq|jc (orllo l92} [uo|o| |ouoo sozoto| osvcuo rlovocoolo zlvotolo ozoo|o. roorooo (lz|o-
oo tvorl} rozoozovoo|o rozvo| oosl|oJlvoo|o rost ourozlvost roqclocl|o |rotoo|o (lz|ooo ooorql|o} strc|tcro.
(llossoor 200=. l20}
20 8cvlsoo |o osoboo ooolo|otl uo so ovo| robot soostoloo |roco, t|. uo ocolo svoqo |rotoo|o lo c sobl soo. 8cvlsoo |o osoboo ooolo|otl uo so ovo| robot soostoloo |roco, t|. uo ocolo svoqo |rotoo|o lo c sobl soo.
78
C|Vu
8.l,l7
O2u1Ak
2009.
GkGlC - 8JO AkO ANDkOlDl 2Al8JA 8AN1A1u |L|kJklCN| OvC|
rolocoo l lzvrl|oJoo boz tozlo osl|oulco (boro o tro|tor}. lo|o so
|orlsto zo lstc svroc, |oo| |o zlv, o tro|tor ol|o. 8llcoo ulstlo|cl|o ozo so ovccl
lzoJc qoro soooctoq roboto l uoooso|oq tvorolc|oq roboto |o|l or. slozo
octoobllo oo trocl. lo|o sc obo ooorqoos|o, |ouoo ou o|lo |o zlv, l oo tool|c
toqo zoslczc|o ouroJooo rovo, |o|o urcql ooo.
kODDLN8LkkY IkO1|V A8|MOVA
lrl o|cso|c sozloo|o uo souo lzoosoooq, |oo oo|vocl roblo ooocc
so sourzo|l o|ovo z|vot l |ntc||qcnc|jo. l uo| c uoooso|o svl|otc vlouo
rosctol |oosoozcs o|o toqo uo svo zlvo blco lo|c boro oo|o|vo rovo
zoqorootlrooo ozltlvol zo|oolo, o oo tool|c rozolo oroloo vrl|ouoosolo
scstovo (|rscoos|oq, olouclstlc|oq.}, ltoo|o |o sto so svo ozo o|oro|torlzlrotl
|oo zlvo.
21
A|o bl l|cul cs|oll cto toool|o (o|or l ooootlcoo} rolzvostl
blco |o|o bl zouovol|ovolo zooco|oo ulo qoro oovouoolo zlvotolo zooco||l,
loll bl uvl|o ocl|o. rol|ooltl uoolcl|c zlvoto l lz o|o lzvlostltl otoocl|oloo
zlvo roboto
22
, lll rlzootl lo |oo zlvo blco l uotl l oo tool|c toqo rovo,
boro oo rozlol |o|c uooos czlvo|c oo|o zlvotlo|o. lrlovocoo|o urcqoq slcco|o
zoocllo bl uo so to|vo roboto v|oro|otoo oo bl s|olo |orlstltl c o zlvot
(o|loov zlvotl} oosol sltcocl|oo. cuccl uo |o |ouoo ou svroo rovl|oo|o
oorouolo ocoooluolo roboto crovo to uo ool c|osto cov|o|o obovl|o|c
oosoo zouoco, |osoo |o zosto so vlouo 1czoo koro|o oulccllo zo ozlvoo|o oo
Aslovl|ov |oocot, c |o|o robotl ooo|c ol|o|vo rovo.
u scrotoostl s Aslovl|ovl |o svl|ot |o|voq Iootozlro Gooo kouuooborry c
svo|l 2vjczJon|m stozomo. Joo |o svo|l zlvot stlcoo, o svo|o lotollqoocl|o
ostovooo. A|o rotostovlo uo co |ouoo bltl oqcco rolzvostl c|otoc
lotollqoocl|c (sto |o lo| vrlo roblootlcoo rotostov|o}, clol so uo lz toqo
rolzlozl uo co to|vo blco, boro otoocl|oloo, bltl l oroloo blco, scb|o|t lstlo
2l Clo|oolco |o uo l|roorqoolzl oct bo|torl|o l vlrcso (qroolcol slcco| lzoJc zlvoq l oozlvoq}, lll ou o|lo oosto voclo loso|oto, c Clo|oolco |o uo l|roorqoolzl oct bo|torl|o l vlrcso (qroolcol slcco| lzoJc zlvoq l oozlvoq}, lll ou o|lo oosto voclo loso|oto, c
rloclc oo czlvo|c ol|o|vo rovo oo tool|c toqo sto sc zlvl. lo|, osto|o scstovl orololo oorl |o|l sotro|c uo sc l ool |ouoo|o
vrl|ouol l lo|c |ouoo|o rovo |oo l svo ostolo zlvo blco. 1ouoo to|ov |o or. rollql|s|l scstov uzololzo.
22 Jo, lzl|oo|ooo uoolcl|o, oqlo bl zvccotl |oo ooo |o|c |o ocot|o uvouosotoq stol|oco, oo rouvlJo|ccl rozvo| robotl|o, Jo, lzl|oo|ooo uoolcl|o, oqlo bl zvccotl |oo ooo |o|c |o ocot|o uvouosotoq stol|oco, oo rouvlJo|ccl rozvo| robotl|o,
uoo W. koc. 2lvo blco . sc rlrouoo tl|olo |o|o so oo|oo|o |ouol zbro|o ouroJoolo, oloootorolo Ico|cl|o, |o|o ulro|too lll
loulro|too slczo sooourzoo|c . |oo l sooroqclocl|o . rozll|c|c c vrsoo|c svlo ovlo Ico|cl|o ou ooorqoos|lo rlrouolo tl|olo.
(llossoor 200=. l20}. koo rotcorqcoot ozo oslczltl tvruo|o zostcol|o toorl|o vlsostrc|o ostvorlvostl, |o|l ooqlosovo|c uo sc
zo rocoso bltoo cloqo |o|o ool obovl|o|c, o oo ooclol oo |o|o lo ool obovl|o|c. No olvoc os|oto boll, oobltoo |o uo ll |o ovo| ostvoroo
|oo o|tlvocl|o c vlo|ooo orqoos|oq sostovo, lll so ouvl|o c slll|oos|o (ooorqoos|o} s|loc. 2o bol |o soo bltoo uo |o ooo stoo|o
|o|o ooqccc|o orqoolzc uo bcuo sv|ostoo voo|s|o ovrouo l uo oo o|c rooqlro. koo zorol rl|or ozo so czotl oobotolco. lo|o
|o o|oo zlvcool scstov urostlcoo rozllclt ou l|cus|oq, voll| bro| l|cul sotro |o|o l oobotolco ozo ls|csltl bol, o|o o olco urcqo,
to so ozo zo|l|ccltl o o|ool roo|cl|oo oo otoocl|oloo boloo ourozo|o. A|o oocoloo rlovocoo uo l vrlo rozllclt zlvcool
scstov ou oooq l|cus|oq ozo oslczltl |oo oczol roucv|ot zo ls|cstvo boll (o clol so uo oo rl|or s oobotolco to scqorlro},
oouo so l ocl|o s ooorqoos|l scstovo |oo to|vl oczol roucv|oto ozo cloltl boro oqcco.
79
GkGlC - 8JO AkO ANDkOlDl 2Al8JA 8AN1A1u |L|kJklCN| OvC|
C|Vu
8.l,l7
O2u1Ak
2009.
orololo oorl l otlc|o roo|sl|o |oo l l.
23
kootovl l kowlsovl oovoul c to
s|orc ol|o|o oo roustovl|o|c orvortlroo|o o|loovlo ccoo|o, voc |ouoostovoo
oqccoostl |o|o ovl olsc czoll c obzlr, oll |o|o otoocl|oloo rolzlozo lz o|loovlo
|oocooto. lcc |o|o |o oo lotolo|tcoloo l oroloo looc |ouoo|o ooo
cs|rotltl uo czlvo lsto rovo |oo l l blo bl |ouoo ou oo|voclo roslstlc|lo lsouo
c l|cus|o| ovl|ostl (o |oo|croocl|o |o tc zosto|o}.
23 Jrobo |os |ouoo ooqlosltl |o|o ooo cvrsto uoolcl|o o|o lotollqoocl|o. Olsoo l ocoolto, lotollqoocl|o |o ooo sto blclo Jrobo |os |ouoo ooqlosltl |o|o ooo cvrsto uoolcl|o o|o lotollqoocl|o. Olsoo l ocoolto, lotollqoocl|o |o ooo sto blclo
ooqccc|o soolozoo|o c oovl sltcocl|oo l ot|rlvoo|o rovlloost c zblvoo|lo |oo oczooq sroustvo ostoo|o l ovootcolooq oorot-
|o. u ovo |ooto|stc, lotollqoocl|c l trobo sovotltl to|o, t|. oslroo l ocoolto. lroblo c|otoo lotollqoocl|o czosoo |o |ollclroo l
vlsoslo|oo, to zoot|ovo oslrol|c rozrouc oo urcqo |ostc, ovu|o |o oqcco soo c|ozotl oo o|ouloo oso|to robloo. Ool |o|l
tvruo uo |o oqcco rolzvostl c|otoc lotollqoocl|c (l uo co to |ou-tou bltl cclo|ooo}, oocoloo zostco|c tozc uo |o ootolol otoo-
cl|ol svoulv oo t|olosol otoocl|ol, t|. uo sc ootoloo stoo|o zorovo stoo|o c |o|lo so oolozo ouroJool zlc|l ootltotl (uo|lo, uo |o
zlc|o ouloqo oo soo oczoo, voc l uovol|oo roucv|ot ootololo zblvoo|o}. 8vo sto oos c too trooctoo sr|ocovo |o oouostotol
olvo oo |o|o so oolozo zoooost l toool|o. N|loovl oorot|o blt coo c oqccoostl uo rolzvouoo svo bltoo zlc|o ootltoto
l oslozlo lo oo ooclo |o|l co oo ooqccltl stvoroo|o c|otoo lotollqoocl|o. 1ouoo ou oqcclo ovouo uo so ncsto roqlosl
c|otoo lotollqoocl|o |ost uo to ncsto olozl tzv. !u|nqov tcst. Do bl or. |ouoo roccoolo roslo Jcrloqov tost, ooo bl orolo ocl
|ocolclrotl s cov|o|o cto o|rooo to|o uo to osobo oo|oo ouroJoooq vrooos|oq orlouo (lololoo ot locto} |os cvl|o|
lsll uo cto vozo |ocolclro s urcqo osobo, o oo s roccoolo. Jo|ov tost ozo so ccloltl rolzvol|ol, oll |o zorovo lotcltlvoo
uosto rlovotl|lv. 2o souo oltl |ouoo roccoolo ol|o cs|olo rocl Jcrloqov tost. Ool |o|l urzo uo |o c|otoc lotollqoocl|c oocoloo oo-
oqcco rolzvostl, sotro|c uo ooo ootoloo ol|o oqcco svostl oo ooo zlc|o, t|. uo ol|o|vo rolzvoJoo|o zlc|lo ootltoto l o|loovo
uovoJoo|o c ouroJooc vozc ol|o uovol|oo uo so rolzvouo c|otoo lotollqoocl|o. Ooo ol|o oorolzvoulvo zboq trooctooq stoo|o
zoooostl l toool|o, ol|o|ov oorouo| oo to ol|c ooco |o ooqccltl. l cltot lz k|t|kc pokt|ckoqo umo (koot l97=} ozo c ovo
|ooto|stc bltl vrlo roblootlcoo. 8ourzo|l o|ovo |ntc||qcnc|jo |ou kooto l (umjctno) |ntc||qcnc|jo c |ooto|stc scvroooo rosrovo
olsc oczoo lstl. 8 obzlro oo trooscoouootolol luootltot oooqo Ja, koot so vrlo v|oro|otoo oo bl slozlo s oqccooscc o|oqovo rol-
zvoJoo|o uovoJoo|o ouroJoolo zlc|lo ootltoto c soclcoc vozc. Ool |o|l sotro|c uo |o c|otoc lotollqoocl|c oqcco rolzvostl,
zourzot co oqccoost uo ooo (c|otoo lotollqoocl|o} u|olc|o roo oo|o| rououzbl rovllo l ctoll|o lo orolol otoocl|ol, lo|o
to rovllo ooo|c orloroc oczoost, blco s c|otoo lotollqoocl|o lo| bl oqlo zol|otl uo o|oqovo o|slo ostooc ocl zo|ool,
l tlo bl zouovol|llo z|otno pov||o" |o|o |o c tool|c vocloo orololo |ouo|so (No clol urcqlo ooo sto oo zolls uo urcql cloo tobl}.
lroblo |o, c |ro|o|o| llol|l, ootolos|oq |oro|toro, l ozo so svostl oo uvo ltoo|o. o} No |o|l ooclo lotollqoocl|o |ost (osto|l}, l lz
o|oqo lzvoulvo ocotoo b} 1o ll to|o osto|occ lotollqoocl|c oqcco rolzvostl, lll ooo ol|o rolzvoulvo, voc oorosto |ost
80
C|Vu
8.l,l7
O2u1Ak
2009.
GkGlC - 8JO AkO ANDkOlDl 2Al8JA 8AN1A1u |L|kJklCN| OvC|
l|1LkA1UkA:
$out| koco p|ons coJc oI ct||cs Io obots", ott.,,www.roctors.co,ortlclolrlotortlclolu=u88
|Ol57l2007057 [l=. 8. 2007.|
$out| koco w|t|nq coJc oI ct||cs Io obots", ott.,,www.loltocoooloqy.co.zo,ortlclo_rlot.
olArtlclolu=50l923 [l=. 8. 2007.|
ANlC, vLADlVlk, ot ol. (200=}. nvotsk| cnc|k|opcJ|jsk| jccn|k", (l2 svozo|o}, 2oqrob. |lu,
Novl Llbor.
Akl8JOJ|L (l982}. N|komo|ovo ct|ko", 2oqrob, |lN.
A8lVOv, l8Ak (l97}. !o, obot", ooqrou. lzuovoc|l zovou 1cqoslovl|o.
Dlk, |lLll k. (l98=}. $onjoju || onJo|J| c|ckt|cnc ovcc?", ooqrou. 8oostoloo octors|o
rovoulloc|o lzuoo|o roolslovo r|lco, Alo|soouro . Nouol||ovlco, 2orooo koo|lco l roo|o
o|ovlco.
|kAk|8, 1ONAJuAN (l992}. $to !ck. !|c Nct Gcncot|on", olzouo l35, !|c Ouo||ty oI
l|Ic", loroocot Jolovlsloo.
kANJ, lVVANu|L (l97=}. k|t|ko pokt|ckoq umo", 2oqrob. Norl|ou.
lL|88N|k, u|LVuJu (200=}. $tupnjcv| oqonskoqo | covjck", 2oqrob. No|louo brozo.
kAWL8, 1OuN (l97l}. A !|coy oI !ust|cc", Cobrluqo, Vossococsots. Joo ol|oo lross oI
uorvoru uolvorslty lross.
8Cu||k|k, kO|kJ (l989}. $to !ck. !|c Nct Gcncot|on", olzouo 035, !|c Vcosuc oI A
Von", loroocot Jolovlsloo.
8l
GkGlC - 8JO AkO ANDkOlDl 2Al8JA 8AN1A1u |L|kJklCN| OvC|
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8.l,l7
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2009.
lOVkO GkG|C
wbo| i| Androids keoIIy Do Dreom o| LIec|ric 8bee?
8UMMAkY
lo tols oor, too octoor oos trlou to oloro too osslblo lllcotloos, wolco
sclootlc oou tocoolcol broo|torocqos lo too olu oI robotlcs (oolu by soo
to bo ot ooou lo too ooor Ictcro} coclu oovo oo too stotcs oI robots oou
too rolotloos botwooo robots oou ocoos. Joo olo roblos ouurossou oro
too Iollowloq. Woot oro too ro-cooultloos oI occotloq oo ootlty os o llvloq
boloq Woot loqol stotcs sooclu o crootcro, wolco ls coosluorou ollvo oovo
Woot oro too ro-cooultloos oI boloq o orol boloq (scb|oct} ls lt osslblo
Ior o robot to bo o orol boloq Woot stotcs sooclu o boloq, wolco oots oll
ro-cooultloos oI boloq o orol scb|oct, oovo lo oo ottot to rosoot oo
ooswor to tooso gcostloos, too octoor oos cobloou oyotootlcol roosooloq
wlto too tooory oI otolcs, urowloq Iro boto sclooco ctloo closslcs (Aslov,
Dlc|, kouuooborry} oou orol ollosooy llostooos (Arlstotlo, koot, kowls}
lo too rocoss. lo uoloq so, oo trlou to oly troultloool coocots oo Ictcro
roblos, wolco roscltou lo Iorloq o lctcro oI o osslblo worlu, olooq wlto
lts orol couo. Joo oor oous wltooct o uoclslvo cooclcsloo, tocs rooctloq too
cocortoloty oI too rolsos wlto wolco lt boqoo.
kLYwOkD8
kobots, llIo, orollty, ortlclol lotolllqooco, loqol stotcs