1

TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH



Xouooe B.H, Iopauee H.B.

HOBLE HEH mH3HKH AH PA3BHTHH HAYHHLX HPECTABAEHHH
YmOAOIHH
(Coomenne omemy copannm AHHVuO
25 mapra 2012 roa)

V y]onoron naxonnnoct ecuncnennoe mnoxecrno nanmenn HHO n pyrnx
anomantntx xnnenn, xoropte ne nocnpnnnmamrcx nayuno omecrnennocrtm xax
ocronepnte ]axrt. 3ro oxcnxercx, no namnm coopaxennxm, rem, uro y]onornx ne
xnnxercx camocroxrentno nayxo c cocrnenntm maremarnuecxnm annaparom perncrpannn
VuO-xnnenn. V]onorn ntnyxent nontsonartcx ]nsnuecxnmn saxonomepnocrxmn n
cncremamn nsmepenn, xoropte anexn or conepmencrna n nanaramr snaunrentnte
orpannuennx na perncrpannm nosmoxntx peantntx nponeccon, nporexammnx no
Bcenenno.

Cyrt ocnonntx orpannuenn cocronr n rom, uro cxopocrt nepeaun nn]opmannn n
nepememenn no Bcenenno ne onxna npentmart cxopocrn cnera, a macca ren (uacrnn)
onxna trt rontxo nonoxnrentno.
3rn orpannuennx na nayunoe mtmnenne tnn nneent n nauane 20-ro nexa n
saxnmunnn ]nsnxy n nce ocrantnte nanpannennx nayuno exrentnocrn uenoneuecrna xax
t n pesnnont map. Bcxxoe npoxnnenne nnaxomtcnnx sa npeenamn +roro mapa
nonepranoct ocrpyxnnn.
B reuennn 20-ro nexa no ceronxmnn ent ncx nayxa, n ocoenno ]nsnxa, n pamxax
+rnx orpannuenn onnnct rpomantx ocrnxenn, pasyn 3nmrenoncxn map o
nenmonepntx pasmepon. Ho no cpannennm c penonmnnonntm npoptnom, xoropt
conepmnna ]nsnxa n nauane 20-ro nexa, xauecrnenno nontx npoptnntx ne n ]nsnxe rax n
ne noxnnnoct.

nx roro, urot oxcnnrt mnorne nanmaemte VuO-xnnennx, nyxno ntrn sa
npeent 3nmrenoncxoro orpannunrentnoro pesnnonoro mapa 20-ro nexa, onnpaxct na
ro, uro yae nonnnnnct xauec1nenno nonme nen, xo1opme conpeuennan nayxa noxa ne
nocnpnnnuae1. Kparxo, +rn nen cnoxrcx x cneymmemy:

1. Innoresa .H.Tepnenxoro o cnmmerpnn marepnn, cornacno xoropo: no Bcenenno
cymecrnyer npnmepno n pannom xonnuecrne marepnx c nonoxnrentno (nosnronno) n
orpnnarentno (neraronno) macco; ns naxyyma moryr poxartcx xomnnexct uacrnn
nonoxnrentno n orpnnarentno macct.
Mt pasnnnn +ry rnnoresy n nonyunnn ocrarouno nnrepecnte pemennx na yponne
]nsnuecxnx moene, n rom uncne noxasann, uro neraronnte uacrnnt c mnnyc-
+nexrpnuecxnmn sapxamn Tepnenxoro npecrannxmr coo uacrnnt orpnnarentno macct
c marnnrntmn sapxamn.

2. Teopernuecxne n +xcnepnmenrantnte nccneonannx A.u. Oxarpnna, B.R. Tarypa
n pyrnx yuentx n onacrn mnxponenronno ]nsnxn, n xoropo macca uacrnn na mnoro
nopxxon mentme macct +nemenrapntx uacrnn, a cxopocrt mnxponenronntx xnanron
namnoro nopxxon ontme cxopocrn cnera.
2
Hamn +rn nccneonannx ooment n Hepapxnm xauecrnenno pasnnuntx yponne
marepnn, npecrannxmmym coo mnoroyponnenym nsanmocnxsannym crpyxrypy marepnn,
xoropax xapaxrepnsyercx noxantntmn snauennxmn xoncranr n nne crenenno
nocneonarentnocrn nocroxnno ronxo crpyxrypt:
k 2 k
n : , e e
k
k
g g
k
k
, ,
2k
k

k
n
c
c

,
c
e
c
e
2
k
2
k

.
re k 0, 1, 2xnnxmrcx yponnxmn xnanronannx naxyyma

Bepxnn yponent xnanronannx naxyyma k = 0 coornercrnyer conpemennomy yponnm
nosnannx marepnn c npeentno cxopocrtm nepeaun nn]opmannn, panno cxopocrn cnera
c. 3ro - 3nmrenoncxo-Hnanxoncxn mnp. Vponnn x = 1, 2, 3, 4,.. xapaxrepnsymr yponnn
xnanronannx naxyyma n nenocnpnnxrom noxa conpemenno nayxo mnxponenronnom mnpe.
Ha nnx macca uacrnn nocneonarentno ymentmaercx no nocroxnno ronxo crpyxrypt n
crenenn 2x, a +nexrpnuecxne n marnnrnte sapxt ymentmamrcx no nocroxnno ronxo
crpyxrypt n crenenn x. Orcma cneyer, uro yentnt sapx mnxponenronon, xoropt
panen sapxy uacrnnt, noenennomy na ee maccy, ynennunnaercx n oparno crenenno
sanncnmocrn nocroxnno ronxo crpyxrypt ncrenenn x. Ha yponne x = 4 yentnt
+nexrpnuecxn n marnnrnt sapxt mnxponenronon n mnnnnapt pas ontme yentnoro
sapxa +nexrpona! Ho+1ouy xnac1epm unxponen1onon c +nex1pnuecxnun nnn
uarnn1nmun sapnaun, pannme no uacce uacce +nex1pona, nuem1 sapnm, n
unnnnapm pas npenmmammne sapn +nex1pona!
Vunrtnax cront rpomanoe sapxonoe npenocxocrno mnxponenronon na
+nexrponamn, npnxonm x mnennm, uro ocnonnme nsanuoenc1nnn n npnpoe (annon n
neannon), cnnsannme c nponnnenneu +nex1pouarne1nsua, npo1exam1 na
unxponen1onnou yponne. Honaraem, uro saraounte cnocrna nmnyntcnoro
rpanc]opmaropa Tecna raxxe nmemr mnxponenronnym npnpoy.
H +ro nponcxonr xax n nosnronno, rax n n neraronno uacrn mnxponenronnoro
]nsnuecxoro naxyyma.

3. Hpnneennte n n.n. 1 n 2 nocrynart noxa xnnxercx rnnorernuecxnmn,
nyxammnmncx n +xcnepnmenrantnom nornepxennn. Taxym nosmoxnocrt mt ycmorpenn
n paore I.u. Canentena 3xcnepnmenrt no onapyxennm mnxponenronon. B +ro paore
npnnonrcx onncanne +xcnepnmenron, xoropte npononnnct n cepenne 80-x roon
npomnoro nexa n Cyxymcxom uTH c yuacrnem anropa, n pesyntrare xoroptx tnn orxptrt
nerpantnte uacrnnt c marnnrntmn cnocrnamn. Canenten nenrn]nnnponan +rn
uacrnnt xax mnxponenront c marnnrntmn sapxamn Oxarpnna (3]]exr Canentena).

4. Mt coornecnn 3]]exr Canentena c paspaorxamn Hnxona Tecna, n nonyunnn
xauecrnenno nonym pacmn]ponxy rant pananrno +neprnn n pananrntx roxon Tecna.
B nacroxmee npemx n onom ns Mocxoncxnx nncrnryron roronnrcx nocranonxa xonrpontntx
+xcnepnmenron. B cnyuae nonyuennx nonoxnrentntx pesyntraron mt oxaxemcx sa
npeenamn 3nmrenoncxoro nystpx n nonyunm pacmnpennte nosmoxnocrn nsyuennx
npnpot VuO-+]]exron.

O an1opax:

Xouooe B.H. uIHV KFOM nm. B.H. Fapmnna;
http://www.trinitas.ru/rus/doc/avtr/01/1158-00.htm

Iopauee H.B. PHH Kypuaroncxn nncrnryr, HBT3M.
http://www.trinitas.ru/rus/doc/avtr/01/1159-00.htm E-mail: goryachev@ivtem.kiae.ru
1

TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH


Buauup Bucuu

mEHOMEH HAO B CBETE HOBEHmHX OCTHEHHH B OBAACTH
KBAHTOBOH KOCMOAOIHH
(B ocnony crartn nonoxeno ntcrynnenne na Omem copannn AHHVuO
30 oxrxpx 2010 r.)

Ornomenne x HHO n x nayxe no ee nsyuennm y]onornn n nocnenee npemx
nperepnenaer onpeenennoe nsmenenne, xoropoe c ontmo one ocropoxnocrn moxer
trt oxapaxrepnsonano xax nauano nanora mexy npo]eccnonantntmn
nccneonarenxmn, rnanntm opasom acrpo]nsnxamn n acrponomamn, n y]onoramn. Bectma
noxasarentno, uro cosannax cpannnrentno neanno n pamxax PAH Komnccnx no opte c
nxenayxo n ]antcn]nxanne nayuntx nccneonann, n saauy xoropo tno nmeneno
pasnenuanne camtx pasntx nanpannenn nxenayxn, n rom uncne n rex, xoropte
nponnxnn ceronx n mennnny, n opasonanne, n nsnec, ne nocnemnna npnuncnnrt
y]onornm x onomy ns nanonee xpxnx nanpannenn conpemenno nxenayxn.
Fonee roro, n crarte onenra n xannara ]nsnxo-maremarnuecxnx nayx B.I. Cypnna
ns Iocyapcrnennoro acrponomnuecxoro nncrnryra nm. H.K. Brepnepra (MIV),
noxnnnmecx n 2009 r. n osarnannenno HHO n y]onornx, n ornomennn y]onornn tna
sanxra ocrarouno ocropoxnax n nsnemennax nosnnnx, cyrt xoropo moxer trt
nnrepnpernponana xax ro, uro ona n npnnnnne nmeer npano na cymecrnonanne n xauecrne
nayuno ncnnnnnnt c ]anrasnntm yxnonom.
Omee nroronoe pesmme +ro crartn sacnyxnnaer roro, urot nocnponsnecrn ero
nonnocrtm: 3naxomcrno c cocrnenno y]onornuecxo nnreparypo n omecrnenntmn
oprannsannxmn noxastnaer, uro y]onoramn, xax npannno, nastnamr cex nmn, utx
npo]eccnonantnax nororonxa nexnr n cropone or roro xpyra xnnenn, xoroptmn onn
nnrepecymrcx n ornocxr x y]onornn. Heonoxparno ormeuanoct, uro axrnnnocrt n onacrn
y]onornn nponcxonr or nmosnarentnocrn, ne orxromenno rnyoxnmn snannxmn.
Hpo]eccnonantnte yuente pexo paoramr n xonraxre c y]onoramn. Ho +ro ne osnauaer,
uro reo]nsnxn, acrponomt, mereoponorn n pyrne cnennanncrt ne npnamr snauennx
saraountm armoc]epntm n xocmnuecxnm xnnennxm. Taxne xnnennx nsnecrnt, nexoropte
ns nnx nectma uerxo xnaccn]nnnponant (nanpnmep, maponax monnnx, xparxonpemennte
xnnennx na Hyne) n nx nnanomepno nsyuamr es cencannonno mymnxn, npnuem ne rontxo
npo]eccnonantnte yuente, no n nacroxmne nmnrenn nayxn, cnoconte x
cncremarnuecxomy xponornnnomy rpyy. Hacrt ns nnx onycxamr, uro nexoropte HHO
npecrannxmr xnnennx, oxcnenne xoroptx ntxonr sa pamxn conpemenntx nayuntx
snann. V]onornx nmeer rouxn conpnxocnonennx c rpannnonntmn nayuntmn
nponemamn noncxa xnsnn no Bcenenno n noncxa nnesemntx nnnnnnsann. Paorammne
n +rnx nanpannennxx cnennanncrt n npnnnnne ne orpnnamr nosmoxnocrn nocemennx
3emnn npnmentnamn, no n pamxax crpororo nayunoro anannsa noxa ne naxoxr +romy
nornepxennx.
1

Hocnenne rpn npenoxennx saxnmunrentno uacrn crartn B. Cypnna pente]no
noxastnamr rnannym ]ynamenrantnym nponemy roro, nouemy conpemennax
acrpo]nsnxa n n ee nnne ncx conpemennax nayxa nacropoxenno ornocxrcx x nponemarnxe
HHO. 3ra nponema moxer trt c]opmynnponana noxxnm opasom. Ona uacrt

oxna nororonnen x nynnxannn ecrnnrentntm unenom AHHVuO

B.C. Bacnntentm.
2

uacrnunoro npnsnannx ]enomena HHO conpemenno nayxo nexnr nennxom n
nonnocrtm na cropone (n conecrn) y]onoron, xoropte sa 65 ner y]onornuecxo +pt,
naunnax c 1947 r., rax n ne npecrannnn nnxaxnx yenrentntx marepnantntx
oxasarentcrn cymecrnonannx ]enomena HHO.
3ect, no nce nnnmocrn, nmemrcx n nny camn nerarentnte annapart
ncxoopasno nnn rapenouno ]opmt n ro nnn nno crenenn nx nenocrnocrn n
coxpannocrn n nnnort n naccaxnpt +rnx annaparon raxxe n ro nnn nno crenenn
coxpannocrn n nenocrnocrn. Kopoue ronopx, ocrantre na reppnropnm IAHB nm.
H.K. Brepnepra (MIV), pacnnoxennoro na Hennncxnx ropax, rapenxn n rymanonon, n
npo]eccopcxo-npenoanarentcxn cocran nncrnryra no rnane c axaemnxom
A.M. Hepenamyxom nepntm nnecer coornercrnymmne nsmenennx no nce yuennxn no
acrponomnn n acrpo]nsnxe, cenan, nosmoxno, +rn pasent axe nenrpantntmn.
Bropax uacrt nncrnnxrnnnoro nenpnnxrnx ]enomena HHO acrponomamn n
acrpo]nsnxamn oycnonnena ncxnmunrentno pasnnrnem conpemenno acrpo]nsnxn n
xocmonornn, n moxer trt c]opmynnponana cneymmnm opasom. Ecnn nsxrt cncremy
conpemenntx xocmonornuecxnx snann n npecrannrt ee n nne cnoeopasno
acrpo]nsnuecxo rannnt, nanoone rannnt nepnonuecxnx xnmnuecxnx +nemenron
.H. Meneneena, ro napxy c raxnmn xnerouxamn, xax xocmonornuecxoe pacmnpenne,
remnax marepnx, pennxronoe nsnyuenne, remnax +neprnx, paseranne ranaxrnx,
ontmo nsptn, rpannrannonnax nnnsa. cnnpantnte ranaxrnxn, xocmonornuecxax
nocroxnnax n mnornmn pyrnmn,
2
nnre ne naercx mecro nx xnerouxn HHO, xoropax
t nornuecxn nm1exana ns ocrantntx nonxrn n xareropn, xoroptmn onepnpyer
conpemennax xocmonornx. Conpemennte acrpo]nsnxn n acrponomt, axe n cnyuae
npecrannennx nm coornercrnymmnx marepnantntx oxasarentcrn cymecrnonannx HHO n
ero +xnnaxe, npocro ne snann t, n xaxym xnerouxy rannnt nepnonuecxnx
acrpo]nsnuecxnx xnnenn nomecrnrt ]enomen HHO. B +ro cnxsn moxno nonyrno
samernrt, uro, npnnxn n xauecrne ncxonoro resnc o cymecrnonannn HHO xax ]opmt
npoxnnennx ntcme pasymno xnsnn, pncyemax conpemenno xnanrono xocmonorne
nnrerpantnax xaprnna ycrpocrna Bcenenno n nnemnero xocmoca xnnxercx
]ynamenrantno nenepno n xaxnx-ro cnonx npnnnnnnantntx +nemenrax n reopnxx.
Btmeynomxnyrt B. Cypnn c]opmynnponan nonnmanne acrpo]nsnxamn n
acrponomamn nponemarnxn HHO npeentno npocro n nesamtcnonaro; re-ro ram n
rymannocrn Anpomea ecrt conneunax cncrema, noxoxax na namy, n n +ro cncreme
ecrt nnanert (nnn nnanera), na xoroptx nosnnxna n saponnact oprannuecxax xnsnt. B
cnom ouepet +ra xnsnt nocrenenno +nonmnnonnponana o pasymno xnsnn, n nor ee
npecrannrenn conepmnnn xaxnm-ro nenocrnxnmtm opasom mexranaxrnuecxn nepener
n npntnn na nnanery 3emnx. Kopoue ronopx, xonxpernoe npoxnnenne napaoxca
nnsnenon ns reopnn ornocnrentnocrn A. 3nmrena, rontxo necxontxo no-nnomy
c]opmynnponannoro; xcrarn, nmenno +rnm, no nce nnnmocrn, n oxcnxercx
rymanonnax ]opma, acconnnpyemax c nnnoramn n unenamn +xnnaxe HHO.
Onaxo, enax mar nancrpeuy o]nnnantno acrponomnn n acrpo]nsnxe, cneyer
ormernrt, uro nonemne nccneonannx n onacrn xnanrono xocmonornn, nponoxmnecx, n
uacrnocrn, n raxnx amepnxancxnx ynnnepcnrerax, xax Cr+n]opcxn, Maccauycercxn nnn
Kocmonornuecxn ynnnepcnrer Ta]ra
3
, sacrannxmr no-nonomy nsrnxnyrt na ]nsnuecxne
ocnont ]enomena HHO xax nornuecxn ntrexammne n ocnonannte na ocrnxennxx
conpemenno xnanrono xocmonornn.
Kax nsnecrno, n ocnone xnanrono xocmonornn nexnr npecrannenne o rom, uro nama
Bcenennax nosnnxna npnmepno 14 mnp. ner romy nasa n pesyntrare r.n. Fontmoro
nsptna. B antnemem nama Bcenennax pasnnnanact c ycxopenntm pacmnpennem; +ro
ycxopennoe pacmnpenne, nanmaemoe n n nacroxmee npemx, nonyunna nasnanne reopnn
nn]nxnnn, ocnonanno na r.n. xpacnom cmemennn, n ocnone xoroporo nexnr nponecc
paserannx nanmaemtx namn ranaxrnuecxnx cncrem. Otuno ontmne cncremt (raxne
3

xax Bcenennax) nounnxmrcx xnaccnuecxnm, a ne xnanrontm saxonam. Omax reopnx
ornocnrentnocrn (OTO) 3nmrena xnnxercx xnaccnuecxo reopne, xoropax rouno
onnctnaer +nonmnnm Bcenenno or nepno onn cexynt ee cymecrnonannx o
nacroxmero npemenn. Onaxo nsnecrno, uro OTO neconmecrnma c npnnnnnamn xnanrono
reopnn, n noromy ne moxer art nanexamero onncannx ]nsnuecxnx nponeccon,
nponcxoxmnx npn ouent mantx macmraax paccroxnn nnn n reuenne ouent xoporxnx
npomexyrxon npemenn. Hmenno +ror npoen n sanonnnna xnanronax xocmonornx,
xoropax nocrynnponana poxenne name Bcenenno ns naxyyma, r.e. ns Hnuero.
Onaxo cpannnrentno tcrpo acrpo]nsnxn npnmnn x ntnoy, uro n ocnone poxennx
Bcenenno ns Hnuero moxer nexart mexannsm nyntcnpymme Bcenenno, nex
xoropo n nauane XXI n. nosponnact naroapx ocnonononaramme paore npo].
Hpnncroncxoro ynnnepcnrera H. Crenxapra n H. Typoxa (Kempnx, Bennxopnrannx).
B cnoe moenn onn npenonoxnnn, uro ncropnx Bcenenno cocronr ns ecxoneuno
nonropxmmnxcx nnxnon pacmnpennx n cxarnx. Kaxt nnxn naunnaercx c ropxuero
pacmnpxmmerocx ornennoro mapa. On pacmnpxercx n ocrtnaer, opasymrcx ranaxrnxn, n
ncxope nocne +roro no Bcenenno naunnaer omnnnponart +neprnx naxyyma. C +roro
momenra Bcenennax naunnaer pacmnpxrtcx +xcnonennnantno, ynannax cnon pasmept
npnmepno xaxte 10 mnnnnapon ner. Cnycrx rpnnnnont ner +ro cnepxmenenno
nn]nxnnn Bcenennax cranonnrcx upesntuano onopono, nsorponno n nnocxo.
Haxonen pacmnpenne samenxercx n sarem cmenxercx cxarnem. Bcenennax cxnontnaercx n
cpasy xe noccranannnnaercx, anax crapr nonomy nnxny. Hacrt +neprnn, ntennnmecx
npn xonnance, ner na cosanne ropxuero ornennoro mapa nemecrna.
4

Hpnmepno n +ro xe npemx rpynna nccneonarene, n xoropym nxonnn npo].
A. Bnnenxnn n x. Iappnra ns Kocmonornuecxoro ynnnepcnrera Ta]ra, ntcrynnna c
npoptnno crarte, n xoropo reopernuecxn oocnonann neuantnym nosmoxnocrt
roro, npn cxnontnannn Bcenenno nponcxonr n rnent nmemmnxcx n ne
nnnnnnsann nocnrene Pasyma. B +rom cnyuae nepe nnnnnnsannxmn (nnn
nnnnnnsanne) nosnnxaer nponema noctnxn coomenn nnn axe npecrannrene
yymnm nnnnnnsannxm. 3rn nnnnnnsannn nnonne moryr npocro nocnart coomennx n
Fyymee n npenpnnxrt nx +roro coornercrnymmne marn. B raxom cnyuae mt moxem
crart snenom n ecxoneunom pene nnnnnnsann, n nama naxonnennax mypocrt ne
yer nonnocrtm yrepxna.
5

B rpaxronxe nnntx xocmonoron nnxnnuecxax npnpoa name Bcenenno orxptnaer
nosmoxnocrt noctnxn coomennx yyme nnnnnnsannn. Bce, u1o 1peye1cn nn +1oro
+1o ouent npounmn n onroneunmn xon1ennep. Heoxonuo npoc1o sanoan1t
nocnanne n +1o1 xon1ennep n nocna1t ero n xocuoc (nteneno mnom aem.).
C reuennem npemenn Bcenennax n cnoem pasnnrnn npner x xocmonornuecxo nocroxnno
n nn]nxnnonnt nystpt nauner pacnaartcx na onee menxne opasonannx. Bcx naexa
na ro, uro n xoe +roro nponecca xonrenep yer nornomen onnm ns +rnx nystpe.
6

Hentsx ne nopaxartcx romy, uro cnoxnemne reopernuecxne ntxnaxn n aprymenrt,
conponoxammne nocrpoennx n moenn conpemenntx xnanrontx xocmonoron, mnpno
yxnnamrcx c nectma npnmnrnnntmn npecrannennxmn o rexnonornuecxnx nosmoxnocrxx
anexo ymemnx n cnoem pasnnrnn xocmnuecxnx nnnnnnsann. Tem ne menee, n
saxnmunrentno uacrn crartn macrnrte acrpo]nsnxn nosnonnnn cee no]anrasnponart n
yxe nepexo xpnrnxyemtx nmn y]onoron. ocnonno onn nanncann, uro
nn]opmannonnt xonrenep onxen trt ouent samerntm. On moxer, nanpnmep,
nepeanart coomennx n nne +nexrpomarnnrntx nonn, ncnontsyx n xauecrne ncrounnxa
+neprnn xaxym-nno snesy. (Koneuno, xonrenep onxen trt sanporpammnponan na
noncx coornercrnymme snest). Bosmoxno raxxe, uro onee naexntm nnanom noctnxn
coomennx tno t nsroronnenne ycrpocrna, xoropoe morno t nocnponsnonrt namy
nnnnnnsannm n nonom pernone, nexenn oxnart sapoxennx n pasnnrnx nono
nnnnnnsannn. B +rom cnyuae moxno ronopnrt o npoonxennn cymecrnonannx crapo
4

nnnnnnsannn, nexenn o npnnnnnnantno nono nnnnnnsannn. Moxno axe noopasnrt, uro
orentnte unent crapo nnnnnnsannn, nomemennte n xonrenep, noctnaemt n nonym
Bcenennym, yyr saxonponant xaxnm-ro naexntm n onroneuntm cnocoom c rem,
urot nauart nocnponsnocrno n npexne ]nsnuecxo ]opme n c naxonnenntmn
snannxmn. Onaxo ncnecrnne orpannuenn na nn]opmannm, xoropax moxer trt
nomemena n xonrenep, nepoxrno, yer neoxonmo nocnart onee npocrtx
npecrannrene npexne xocmnuecxo nnnnnnsannn n rom cnyuae, ecnn yponent
+neprernuecxo nn]nxnnn oxaxercx upesmepno ntcoxnm.
7

Ecnn paccyxennx noonoro poa xnnxmrcx yxpamennem raxoro nsannx, xax
Mexynapont xypnan reopernuecxo ]nsnxn, ro nx moxno cmeno npoonxnrt c
nperensne na ]ynamenrantnoe nayunoe orxptrne. Hoponoe nnrnponanne nsnecrntx
xocmonoron norpeonanoct ncxnmunrentno nx roro, urot cenart npocro, neontmo
n ouennnt mar n nx nocrpoennxx, xoropt moxer trt c]opmynnponan npeentno
uerxo: A uro ecnn HHO n xnnxmrcx rem xonrenepom, xoropte nnnnnnsannn nnn
nnnnnnsannx npomno Bcenenno nocnann n namy Bcenennym?
Hpn +rom moxno cmeno no]anrasnponart n o ecrnnrentno cnoxnom
rexnonornuecxom ycrpocrne +roro xonrenepa. B cnoe crarte nsnecrnte xocmonorn camn
ynnnrentno nnnornym npnnnsnnnct x pasraxe ono ns ran HHO, yxasan, uro npn
cxnontnannn Bcenenno coomennx or npomno xocmnuecxo nnnnnnsannn x yyme
xocmnuecxo nnnnnnsannn yyr nepexnartnartcx uepntmn tpamn n rnnyrt n
nnx.
8
Onaxo ecnn ]asa uepno tpt xnnxercx npaxrnuecxn nensexno npn nepexoe
or ono cxnontnammecx Bcenenno x pyro, nono Bcenenno, ro ne moxer nn +ror
xonrenep n trt ycrpoen n ]opme uepno tpt? Taxnm opasom, moxno art uerxoe
xocmonornuecxoe onpeenenne HHO: HAO nnnnm1cn ne1ammen upnon mpon n
unnna1mpe.
Kaxne oxasarentcrna moxno npnnecrn n nontsy raxoro yrnepxennx? B xauecrne
nnnmcrpannn moxno npnnecrn mnpoxo pacnpocrpanennoe xyoxecrnennoe nsopaxenne
uepno tpt c axxpennonntm ncx ropxue nnasmt, npamammncx noxpyr nee.
Pnc. 1.
Xyoaec1nennoe nsopaaenne upnon mpm
c npamammnucn noxpyr ne axxpennonnmu ncxou.


5

3ro nsopaxenne moxno cpannnrt c ocronepntmn ]ororpa]nxmn ncxoopasntx
HHO, npnnonmtmn na pnc. 2.
Pnc. 2.
mo1orpaqnn ncxoopasnmx HAO.






6


Hocxontxy x Hncnn B.H. Hpu+. peo.| no npo]eccnn +nexrpo]nsnx, ro
xoncrpynponanne pyxornopntx rexnonornuecxnx, npenonoxnrentno nerammnx,
annaparon na ocnone npecrannenn acrpo]nsnxon o ]opme n nne uepno tpt n aer
nam rnnnunoe ncxoopasnoe HHO c xynonom nanepxy. HHO npecrannxer coo
cnoeopasnt +mpnon Bcenenno. Hsyuenne ]enomena HHO nenosmoxno es snannx
ocnon xpnnrorpa]nn. HHO +ro rpannosnax xoonax xpnnrorpa]nuecxax crpyxrypa, a
creranorpa]nx, r.e. nayxa o cxptro nepeaue nn]opmannn nyrem coxpanennx n rane
camoro ]axra nepeaun, eme n cmemaer cmtcnt. Cmtcnt +ro xora nx ynonnnn, a xora
eme cosnarentno nnn eccosnarentno npnnnocnrcx creranorpa]nuecxn npnnnnn, ro
cmtcn sanyrtnaercx nnora o neysnanaemocrn. Xorx ocnonnax xoonax crpyxrypa xax
nnno ns npnnonmtx pncynxon ocraercx.
B saxnmuenne mne t xorenoct ormernrt, uro n CBA, n uacrnocrn, n Hnnepmopcxo
nannonantno naoparopnn (mr. Kann]opnnx), sannmammecx nccneonannxmn n onacrn
xepno +neprernxn no +rno Mnnncrepcrna +neprernxn CBA, nonntm xoom ner
reopernuecxax npopaorxa (xorx npx nn eno +rnm orpannunnaercx!) cosannx
pyxornopntx uepntx tp no pyxonocrnom nsnecrntx ]nsnxon naypeara
Hoenencxo npemnn no ]nsnxe P. Ha]nnna n x. Hannana. Hpo]. P. Ha]nnn tn
yocroen Hoenencxo npemne sa ]ynamenrantnym npopaorxy ponoro xnanronoro
+]]exra Xonna, nnepnte orxptroro n 1982 r. Kax nsnecrno, pont xnanront +]]exr
Xonna nanmaercx n cnntntx marnnrntx nonxx. Ham xopomo nsnecrno na ocnone
cocrnennoro ontra nsyuennx HHO, uro +nexrpomarnnrnte +]]exrt yxnantno
nponnstnamr nect ]enomen HHO. B uacrnocrn, n 2008 r. x.Hannan onynnxonan
npenpnnr cno paort c nenperennnosntm nasnannem Bnxpenax moent npamammnxcx
xomnaxrntx oexron.
9
H n ro npemx xax poccncxne acrpo]nsnxn myuamrcx
nponemo Ecrt nn HHO, ner nn HHO nayxe nensnecrno, nx amepnxancxne xonnern
a eme na cpecrna ]eepantnoro npannrentcrna CBA! cunramr nx cex nnonne
nosmoxntm nynnxonart resnct cneymmero coepxannx: Ocnonnax nponema onncannx
nmoro npamammerocx oexra (axe npamammecx nnanert!) c nosnnn reopnn
ornocnrentnocrn nemenenno naranxnnaercx na nponemy roro, uro coornercrnymmne
pemennx ne npenonaramr ncnontsonanne napamerpa ynnnepcantnoro npemenn (pyrnmn
cnonamn, xnaccnuecxne ]opmt npocrpancrna-npemenn xnnxmrcx acnnxponntmn). 3ro
osnauaer, uro npocrpancrnenno-npemennte xonrnnyymt noonoro poa npornnopeuar
+nemenrapntm nauanam xnanrono mexannxn, nocxontxy xnanronax mexannxa no xpane
mepe, n rom nne, xax ona onnctnaercx n otuntx ynnnepcnrercxnx yuennxax no ]nsnxe
rpeyer n xauecrne cocrannoro +nemenra ynnnepcantnym mxany npemenn. pyro
nponemo, cnxsanno c orcyrcrnnem ynnnepcantno mxant npemenn nx pemenn
npnmennrentno x npamammnmcx noxpyr cnoe ocn oexram na ocnone ypannenn
3nmrena, xnnxercx noxnnenne samxnyrtx xpnntx npemenn, xoropoe nopoxaer
nponemt npnunnnocrn.
10

Ha ocnonannn cnoe reopernuecxo paspaorxn moenn npamammnxcx xomnaxrntx
oexron amepnxancxne nccneonarenn cenann anexo nymn ntno o rom, uro
n cnyuae npamammnxcx oexron saxont nocrynart n saxont ome reopnn
ornocnrentnocrn noome nepecramr ecrnonart. H +ror rnoantnt nponan ome
reopnn ornocnrentnocrn ]ynamenrantntm opasom cnxsan c neconmecrnmocrtm ome
reopnn ornocnrentnocrn n xnanrono mexannxn.
11

He ocranannnnaxct na ncex ocoennocre moenn, npenoxenno amepnxancxnmn
]nsnxamn, cneyer ormernrt, uro no nx npecrannennxm npamenne ropoopasnoro ynnxa
nmenno ropoopasnoro ynnxa n nnxaxo pyro reomerpnuecxo ]nrypt! n
npnnonr x opasonannm samxnyroro npocrpancrnenno-npemennoro xonrnnyyma, n
xoropom nepecramr ecrnonart npnntunte saxont OTO. Hpn nosnnxnonennn samxnyrtx
npemenntx nnnn nponcxonr ]axrnuecxn ]opmnponanne cnoeopasno mamnnt
7

npemenn, a cam nponecc npamennx ynnxa noxpyr cnoe ocn npnnonr x romy, uro ero
tpa cranonnrcx npnemnnxom +neprnn naxyyma,
12
r.e. xax moxno nonxrt ns
ntxnaox amepnxancxnx ]nsnxon n cranonnrcx pyxornopno uepno tpo,
ntnonnxmme pont rpanc]opmannonnoro mexannsma, xoropt ntxnmuaer n armoc]epe,
onycrnm, nnanert 3emnx, ecrnne semntx rpannrannonntx n +nexrpomarnnrntx
saxonomepnocre n nxnmuaer xocmnuecxne saxonomepnocrn, uro n oxcnxer
marnuecxne cnocrna xnnemarnxn rpaexropn nnxennx HHO. Bo ncxxom cnyuae, x
nnrepnpernpym nmenno raxnm opasom cneymmn asan ns crartn x. Hannana:
Moxno ntnnnyrt nnonne oocnonannoe npenonoxenne, uro npn noxnnennn samxnyrtx
npemenntx nnnn no nnyrpennocrn npamammerocx xomnaxrnoro oexra nponcxonr
]asonax rpanc]opmannx ]nsnuecxoro npocrpancrnenno-npemennoro xonrnnyyma.
13

Ha pnc. 3 npnnonrcx nnemnn nn ropoopasnoro ynnxa, ocoennocrn
]ynxnnonnponannx xoroporo nopono npoanannsnponant n paore amepnxancxnx
]nsnxon.
Pnc. 3.

Topoopasnmn ynnx c qopunpymmnuncn nny1pn nero sauxny1mun
npeuennmun nnnnnun.



Poxenne uepno tpt n xomnaxrnom npamammemcx oexre n npeenax,
onycrnm, semno armoc]ept, nponcxoxmee no npemx nsneron HHO c nonepxnocrn
name nnanert, norpeonano orxasa eme or onoro ns xnmuentx nonoxenn reopnn
ornocnrentnocrn xonnennnn ropnsonra cotrn. Hocxontxy ropnsonr cotrn
nonxrne nnrerpantnoe n nenoxantnoe, ro n ero onpeenennn yuacrnyer cneronoonax
ecxoneunocrt, r. e. nce ecxoneuno yanennte onacrn npocrpancrna-npemenn. Ho+romy,
no mnennm x. Hannana, n peantnocrn nnyrpennee npocrpancrno xomnaxrnoro oexra
xnnxercx cxaro ]opmo otunoro npocrpancrnenno-npemennoro naxyyma, uro n cnom
ouepet sacrannxer ntnnnyrt npenonoxenne o rom, uro nonepxnocrt, orenxmmax
cxart naxyym or otunoro naxyyma, xnnxercx ]nsnuecxo nonepxnocrtm, xoropax
nopoxaer nanmaemte +]]exrt, a ne ropnsonr cotrn.
14

B nepenoe na xstx, nonxrnt necnennanncram, +ro osnauaer nosmoxnocrt
]opmnponannx uepntx tp n orpannuennom neontmom samxnyrom npocrpancrne es
xaracrpo]nuecxnx nosecrnn nx oxpyxamme cpet. Hntmn cnonamn, no ananornn c
xepno +neprernxo moxno ronopnrt o cymecrnonannn nyx nnon uepntx tp
xocmnuecxnx n pyxornopntx, ecnn rax moxno ntpasnrtcx, ynpannxemtx uepntx tp.
8

Taxnm opasom, nonox nror, moxno cxasart, uro ecnn n nepnte na-rpn
ecxrnnernx conpemenno y]onornuecxo +pt, npomeme no snaxom OTO
A. 3nmrena, o]nnnantnax acrpo]nsnxa c nopora orneprana ]enomen HHO xax xnno
npornnopeuamn ncem nocrynaram reopnn ornocnrentnocrn A. 3mrena,
15
ro n reuenne
nocnenero nepnoa npemenn ycnexn n pasnnrnn xnanrono mexannxn n ocnonannte na
ne nonemne ocrnxennx n onacrn xnanrono xocmonornn nce uame sacrannxmr
npo]eccnonantntx ]nsnxon ronopnrt o npnnnnnnantno nosmoxnocrn nannunx raxoro
]enomena n cosannx nerarentntx annaparon +roro rnna npecrannrenxmn ymemnx
anexo n cnoem pasnnrnn nntx xocmnuecxnx nnnnnnsann, xax ne npornnopeuamne
nexoroptm nonoxennxm xnanrono mexannxn n xnanrono xocmonornn.

O an1ope: B ocnony crartn nonoxeno ntcrynnenne Bucuua Buauupa Huuouaeeuua na
Omem copannn AHHVuO 30 oxrxpx 2010 r.. oxna nepepaoran n nororonnen x
nynnxannn Bacuuoeem Buauupo Cepeeeeuue (nnne-npesnenr AHHVuO,
axaemnx MAH n AHHVuO, .+.n). Crenorpamma ntcrynnennx npeocrannena
Mauapoeo 1.B. (r. Tontxrrn).

Hamxrn B.H. Bucuua nocnxmen raxxe npetymn ntnycx c. Tonnent N 41.


Fnnnorpa]nx.

1
Cypnn B.I. HHO n y]onornx. B samnry nayxn, N 6, 2009, c. 172.
2
Hepenamyx A.M., Hepnnn A.. Conpemennax xocmonornx nayxa o +nonmnnn
Bcenenno. B samnry nayxn, N 4, 2008, c. 177-210.
3
Halliwell J. Introductory Lectures on Quantum Cosmology. Proceedings of the Jerusalem
Winter School on Quantum Cosmology and Baby Universes, edited by S.Coleman, J.B.Hartle,
T.Piran and S.Weinberg (World Scientific, Singapore, 1991).
4
Steinhardt P., Turok N. A Cyclic Model of the Universe. S, 2002, Apr 25,
pp. 1436-1439.
5
Garriga J., Mukhanov V., Olum K. and A. Vilenkin A. Eternal Inflation, Black Holes, and the
Future of Civilizations. Itrt Jur Trt Pss, 2000, N 7, p. 1892.
6
Ibid., p. 1893.
7
Ibid., p. 1898.
8
Ibid., p. 1893.
9
Chapline G., Marecki P.A vortex model for rotating compact objects. ArXiv: 0809.1115v2
[astro-ph] 10 Sep 2008.
10
Ibid., p. 2.
11
Ibid., p. 9.
12
Ibid., p. 8.
13
Ibidem.
14
Barbieri J., Chapline G. A signature for the absence of event horizons. P. 1.
ArXiv.org/pdf/0812.08335v2 [astro-ph] 9 Dec 2008.
15
Cm., n uacrnocrn: Markowitz W. The Physics and Metaphysics of Unidentified Flying
Objects. Reported UFO's cannot be under extraterrestrial control if the laws of physics are
valid. S, V. 157, N 3794, 15 Sptmr 1967, pp. 1274-1279.
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH


Cuauoe K.I., Bacuua M.I., Haoe B.B.,
Iacauoea C.X., Ceuuoe C.B., Kau H.0.

HCTAHHHOHHOE BO3EHCTBHE KPOBH H3 BAT R 2
HA OBPA3OBAHHE mPAKTAAOB 3OOIAEH
(Fno+nepronn]opmannonnoe mexxnerounoe nsanmoecrnne
xax ocnona crpyxrypnponannx n xnntx oprannsmax)

Hccneonannx nn]opmannonntx mexxnerountx nsanmoecrnn n xnntx rxanxx, a
ocoenno n xnxnx cpeax xax xpont nnn axrepnantnte cycnensnn n nacroxmee npemx
ntstnamr ocot nnrepec. Hsnecrno, uro xnerxn xponn (+pnrponnrt) npn onpeenenntx
nosecrnnxx arrnmrnnnpymr n opasymr monernte cronnxn, a npn cnntnom
nosecrnnn roxcnxanron nnn ]nsnuecxnx none, moryr c]opmnponart axe cnax
ecnopxounoe, xomxoopasnoe cnnnanne +pnrponnron 1. Hoonoe nponcxonr n c
mnxpooprannsmamn n noe, xora onn opasymr ]noxxynt nnn soornen, cxonte no
mop]onornn mexy coo 2. Cpasy xe nosnnxaer nonpoc, a ner nn n mexannsme
opasonannx xnerountx xonrperann omnx saxonomepnocre n omero ]axropa,
nepenoxmero xaornuecxn pacnpeenennte n npocrpancrne axrepnantnte xnontx n cnoxno
crpyxrypnponannt ysop?
Ho cymecrny neoxonmo ornernrt na onn ns cnoxnemnx nonpocon, xax n annmx
cnc1euax ns xaoca nosnnxae1 nopnox.
Moxno npenonoxnrt, uro cymecrnyer ]axrop, ncrannnonno oxastnammn cnoe
nosecrnne, xax na arperannm xnerox xponn, rax n na ]opmnponanne narrepnon cxonnennx
soorne n mnxpo+xocncreme rnna axrnnnoro nna. Homnmo +roro orxptnaercx nosmoxnocrt
nccneonart no.eeoe oucmauuouuoe eosoecmeue, npn xoropom orcyrcrnyer xnmnuecxn
xonraxr mexy xpontm n axrepnantntmn soornexmn..
nx ntxnnennx oxasarentcrna ncrannnonnoro xonraxra mexy xnerxamn xponn n
axrepnantntmn soornexmn crannnsnponannoro ocaxa ns no]nntrpa mt ncnontsonann
xpont ns nonornuecxn axrnnno rouxn (FAT) R 2 (eui-ey), naxoxmecx na nnyrpenne
cropone npano cront. Ham yanoct ycranonnrt, uro ocoennocrtm xponn ns +ro rouxn
xnnxercx orcyrcrnne n ne ontmnx monerntx cronnxon +pnrponnron (ne onee 5 xnerox n
cronnxe), n ro npemx xax n xponn ns nantna ontmnncrna nccneyemtx onn npncyrcrnymr.
nx ntxnnennx nn]opmannonnoro nosecrnnx xnerox xponn ns FAT R 2 na
axrepnantnte ]noxxynt mt ncnontsonann ycranonnennoe panee namn cnocrno
xnerountx xonrperann (onoxnerounte noopocnn n soornen axrnnnoro nna) ]opmnponart
n ronxom cnoe not ns xaornuecxn pacnpeenenntx xnerox n ]noxxyn onpeenennte
ysopt. Tax nponcxonr, nanpnmep, npn ecrnnn xoncopnnyma mnxpooprannsmon (poxxn
n monounoxncnte axrepnn), ntcrynammero n xauecrne sarpanxn ynopxouennocrn,
xora no nx nnnxnnem ns xaornuecxn pacnpeenenntx soorne ]opmnpymrcx
cnoeopasnte narrepnt 3. Hemenrnt xynx (oemom 1 cm
3
), c samyponanntmn n nem
poxxamn n monounoxncntmn axrepnxmn, nomemancx n nenrp uamxn Herpn c xyntrypo
onoxnerountx noopocne-cneneecmyc, n no nnyxnnonntm nosecrnnem
samyponanntx n nemenr mnxpooprannsmon cnoononnanammne noopocnn ]opmnponann
ysopt, cxonnennx, nanomnnammne enponnnt ]paxran.
B anno paore, c nentm ntxnnennx ncrannnonnoro nsanmoecrnnx mexy
xnerxamn xponn ns FAT n axrepnantntmn soornexmn, mt ncnontsonann ror xe npnnnnn.
A nmenno: nno oannxnn crpyxrypnponannym xpont ns rouxn R 2 nenocpecrnenno n
mnxponantnym maccy, nno xpont sannnann n nemenr n crexnxnno amnyne, a amnyny
2
nomemann n nenrp axrepnantno nsnecn. B nocnenem cnyuae npxmo xonraxr xponn n
axrepnantntx soorne orcyrcrnonan.

Ma1epnan n ue1om nccneonannn

Kpont ns FAT ornpanact y 21 nannenra na xa]epe Bocrouno mennnnt,
(]axyntrer nontmennx xnann]nxannn mennnncxnx paornnxon Poccncxoro ynnnepcnrera
pyxt napoon). Hs axrnnno rouxn xaxoro uenonexa panact xannx xponn oemom ne
onee 0,02 mn, xoropax nno cpasy nomemanact no nsnect ocaxa ns no]nntrpa, nno ns nee
roronnncx nocroxnnt npenapar nyrem saxnmuennx xannn xponn n nemenrnt pacrnop.
nx npnroronnennx nocroxnnoro npenapara ncnontsonancx nemenr mapxn 500.
3amemnnanne nemenrnoro recra npononnn rncronornuecxnm mnarenem n 5 mn amnyne ns-
no ]nsnonornuecxoro pacrnopa. B +ry xe amnyny, coepxamym na ne 0,5 cm
3
nemenrnoro
recra, samemannoro na ]nspacrnope, oannxnact xannx xponn, nsxrax ns FAT. 3arem
nemenry anann nosmoxnocrt cxnarnrtcx n sarnepert. Hocne +roro nocroxnnt npenapar
tn roron x ncnontsonannm neorpannuenno onroe npemx, n ero axrnnnocrt nponepxnnct
onn pas n neenm na nporxxennn roa.
Ocaox ns no]nntrpa, ounmammero noy ns axnapnymon c ptamn, ]opmnpyercx ns
nonnenxn, xoropax cocronr ns axrepnantntx soorne, npocremnx n xononparox. Ho
cnoemy nnonomy cocrany on nnsox x axrnnnomy nny. Ocnonnax macca crannnsnponannoro
ocaxa npecrannena soornexmn, n cocran xoroptx nxoxr canpo]nrnte axrepnn
pasnnuntx nnon, cxneennte nmecre n ]noxxynt myxononncaxapnamn, ntenxemtmn
nxoxme n nnx axrepne Zooglea ramigera. Ocoennocrtm raxoro ocaxa xnnxercx ro, uro
on coepxnr onee menxne n onee mnnepannsonannte soornen, uem axrnnnt nn, xoropte
tcrpee ocaxamrcx n noe npn orcrannannn. 3ror mnxpononenos ne nyxaercx n
ononnnrentno oprannxe nx nnrannx n naxonrcx na camoceennn.
Crannnsnponannt ocaox ronxnm cnoem (23 mm) pacnpeenxercx no ny uamxn Herpn.
nx +roro nsnect mnxpooprannsmon c noo ntnnnaercx n uamxy Herpn n crexnxnno
nanouxo xpyrontmn nnxennxmn pannomepno pacnpeenxercx no ny.
B xonrpontnte uamxn nnuero ne oannxnn xpome crannnsnponannoro ocaxa ns
no]nntrpa. B nnx ocaox pannomepno pacnpeenen no nonepxnocrn na. B xauecrne
nroporo xonrponx mt ncnontsonann raxxe amnynt c ]nspacrnopom, xoropte nomemann n
nenrp uamxn Herpn c axrepnantntm ocaxom.
B nepnom napnanre ontra nccneonann nenocpecrnennt xonraxr xponn ns FAT c
soornexmn. Kannm xponn nomemann n nenrp uamxn Herpn c axrepnantno cycnensne, a
sarem xpyrontmn nnxennxmn crexnxnno nanouxn pannomepno cmemnnann c
axrepnantntm ocaxom. Hepes 13 mnnyrt naunnaer ]opmnponartcx ysop ns cxonnennx
soorne, nanomnnammn cnnnt xoneca, nymne or nenrpa x nepn]epnn. nx nyumero
npoxnnennx narrepna, xax +ro enamr ]nsnxn npn ntxnnennn marnnrnoro nonx xenesntmn
onnnxamn, moxno cenart 5 cnatx xpyrontx noxaunnann na 34 mm, xax n ontre, rax n n
xonrpone. anee npononnn ]ororpa]nponanne opasonannoro narrepna nn]pono
]oroxamepo n cpannnrentnt ananns ysopon n xonrpone n ontre.
Bo nropom napnanre ontra, npn rom xe xonrpone, mt nccneonann uncro
ncrannnonnoe (nonenoe) nosecrnne saxnmuenno n nemenr xponn, xoropoe npnnonr x
opasonannm ysopon cxonnennx soorne n crannnsnponannom ocaxe ns no]nntrpa. B
+rom napnanre crexnxnnax amnyna c sanemenrnponanno xpontm ns FAT, nomemanact n
nenrp uamxn Herpn c pacnpeenenntm no ee ny crannnsnponanntm axrepnantntm
ocaxom.

Pesynt1a1m nccneonannn

3
B xonrpone crannnsnponannt axrepnantnt ocaox ns no]nntrpa
pacnpeenxercx nno pannomepno no ny uamxn Herpn, nno aer cnao pasnnunmt
narrepn, cxopee ncero, nonyuammncx n nne nanoxn or nosecrnnx panononn n or
+nexrpnuecxnx none npnopon (pnc. 1 a).
Hpnmenenne n xonrpone-2 amnynt c ]nspacrnopom npnnonr x opasonannm ena
pasnnunmoro narrepna, npecrannxmmero coo nnrennnte cxonnennx soorne nymne or
amnynt x nepn]epnn uamxn (pnc. 1 ).

a

Pnc. 1. Konrpont: a xaornunoe pacnpeenenne soorne no ny uamxn Herpn;
cnao ntpaxennt narrepn cxonnennx soorne npn nomemennn n nenrp uamxn Herpn
amnynt c ]nspacrnopom.

Conepmenno pyrax xaprnna nonyuaercx npn oannennn n ocaox ns no]nntrpa
manentxo xannn (0,02 mn) narnnno xponn, nsxro ns rouxn R 2. B +rom cnyuae npn
ncnontsonannn xponn ncex ncntryemtx opasyercx narrepn cxonnennx soorne,
nanomnnammn cnnnt xoneca nnn enponnnt ]paxran. Tnnnunt narrepn
cxonnennx soorne npn oannennn xannn xponn n uamxy Herpn co crannnsnponanntm
ocaxom nonnenxn npecrannen na pnc. 2 a.

a

Pnc. 2. Vsopt cxonnennx axrepnantntx soorne n crannnsnponannom ocaxe ns
no]nntrpa: a npn oannennn narnnno xponn ns rouxn R 2;
4
npn ecrnnn nocroxnnoro npenapara xponn ns rouxn R 2 sannro n nemenr n crexnxnno
amnyne.

Cxonym xaprnny aer raxxe nocroxnnt npenapar, nocrannennt n nenrp uamxn
Herpn, npecrannxmmn coo sanemenrnponannym n crexnxnno amnyne xpont, nsxrym ns
rouxn R 2. ecrnne noontx npenaparon, nonyuenntx or 21 nannenra, ne npexpamaercx n
reuenne roa (cpox nponeenntx ncntrann) n, nosmoxno, npoonxnrcx n n antnemem.
Xapaxrepnt narrepn cxonnennx soorne npn ncnontsonannn nocroxnnoro npenapara xponn
ns FAT R 2, saxnmuenno n nemenr, npnneen na pnc. 2 .
Taxnm opasom, xax narnnnax, rax n sannrax n nemenr xpont ns rouxn R 2 ntcrynamr
n xauecrne nnyxropa opasonannx narrepna cxonnennx soorne n uamxe Herpn, n nepenoxr
xaornuecxn pacnpeenennte n npocrpancrne axrepnantnte ]noxxynt n ynopxouennym
crpyxrypy. Honyunnmnecx ysopt npecrannxmr coo enponnnt ]paxran c
nxoromnuecxnm nernnennem, xoropoe nanonee ntpaxeno na nepn]epnn uamxn. Harrepn,
opasonanmncx no nnnxnnem xponn, sannro n nemenr, uame ncero necer onee menxn
ysop, no cpannennm c rem, ecnn n mnxpo+xocncremy oannxercx xnnax xpont ns rouxn
eui-ey (R 2). 3ro cnocrno npoxnnxercx npn ncntrannn ncex nccneonanntx namn
npenaparon.
Hpenapart, nonyuennte ns xponn, nsxro ns nantna, a raxxe ns nonornuecxn
axrnnntx rouex VB
44
, C
9
, F
14
, E
37
, ne amr raxoro uerxoro ysopa, xax xpont ns rouxn R 2.
3anemenrnponannax xpont ns nepeuncnenntx ntme rouex roxe cnococrnyer
nosnnxnonennm narrepna cxonnennx soorne n uamxax Herpn, no ysopt n +rom cnyuae
menee ntpaxent n pncynox ysopa ynpomen.
Hponeennte ontrt noxastnamr, uro nnynnpymmax cnoconocrt x opasonannm
narrepnon ns soorne axrnnnoro nna nanonee ntcoxa y xponn, nsxro ns rouxn R 2.
Harrepnt pacnpeenennx soorne n npocrpancrne, nonyunnmnecx n pesyntrare
nnynnpymmero nosecrnnx xponn ns FAT, nnrentnoe npemx (o nonnoro ntctxannx)
coxpanxmrcx n uamxe Herpn. Hocne ntctxannx na ne uamxn Herpn ocraercx orneuarox-
ysop, xoropt xopomo npocmarpnnaercx na enom ]one. Coxpannocrt orneuarxon
narrepnon na ne uamex neorpannuennax. B namnx +xcnepnmenrax, c yuerom panee
nponeenntx ontron es ncnontsonannx xponn, rontxo c axrepnxmn, onn yxe coxpanxmrcx
n reuenne 2-x ner es napymennx ysopa.

Ocyaenne pesynt1a1on

Hpn oannennn narnnno xponn ns FAT n mnxpo+xocncremy, c axrepnantntmn
soornexmn, ]opmnpymrcx narrepnt cxonnennx nnn ysopt. Ho ono nayuno nepcnn nx
nosnnxnonenne moxno oxcnnrt xnmnuecxnm nsanmoecrnnem nnasmt xponn n
]opmenntx +nemenron c ]noxxynamn axrepn. Hoonte rnnorest xnmnuecxoro
nosecrnnx na opasonanne ]noxxyn axrepn panee neonoxparno noxnnxnnct n nayuno
nnreparype, npn +rom xnmnuecxn ]axrop cunrancx neymnm n opasonannn xonrperannn
soorne axrnnnoro nna 4. Bnnmo, n +rom nponecce, nomnmo xnmnuecxoro nosecrnnx,
npnnnmamr yuacrne +nexrpnuecxne sapxt, onpeenenntm opasom pacnonoxennte na
nonepxnocrn soorne. Bsanmoecrnne +rnx sapxon cnococrnyer ]opmnponannm
narrepna.
He ncxnmuaercx raxxe mexannsm opasonannx axrepnantntx ysopon n cycnensnn
cnoononnanammnx mnxpooprannsmon n uamxe Herpn sa cuer crpyxrypnponannx not.
B +rom cnyuae soornen ocaxa moxno cunrart, cnoero poa, nnnxaropamn ]paxrantntx
xnacrepon, xoropte pacnpeenxmrcx coornercrnenno nsmenennm xon]nrypannn nontx
xnacrepon 5. Hpn +rom ycnoxnenne ysopa narrepna n ero onee ronxax crpyxrypa ronopxr
o snaunrentnom nontmennn xonnuecrna nn]opmannn n ]opmnpymmemcx ]paxrane,
opasonannom cxonnennem soorne.
5
Taxnm opasom, mt npnnnxaemcx x nonnmannm mexannsma opasonannx ]paxranon
no nnnxnnem xponn ns FAT, xoropax cama no cee onee crpyxrypnponana, uem xpont n
otuntx rxanxx. Taxax rouxa spennx moxer npnnnmartcx ontmnncrnom nccneonarene,
nsyuammnx ocoennocrn nsanmoecrnnx xnerox xponn n axrepn.
Onaxo, ncrannnonnoe nosecrnne xponn ns FAT na ]opmnponanne narrepnon
soorne n ocaxe ns no]nntrpa oxcnnrt snaunrentno cnoxnee. B nocroxnntx
npenaparax c sanemenrnponanno xpontm n crexnxnntx amnynax ner npxmoro xonraxra
xnerountx +nemenron n nnasmt xponn c axrepnantntmn soornexmn. Hemenr n crexno
nonnocrtm nsonnpymr xpont ns axrnnno rouxn R 2 or xnmnuecxoro xonraxra c
axrepnxmn. K romy xe xnerxn xponn nocne cxnartnannx n rnepennx nemenra nornamr n
nem n mymn]nnnpymrcx. Cneonarentno, ncrannnonnoe nosecrnne oxastnamr meprnte
xnerxn, xoropte, npana, es nosyxa n npn ntctxannn nemenrnoro xamnx ne nonepramrcx
axrepnantnomy paspymennm n coxpanxmrcx nnrentnoe npemx, nanoone roro, xax
coxpanxmrcx samyponannte nemenronnrt n sye uenonexa n xnnorntx. Kcrarn, ontrt no
nnnxnnm syon nme, xnnmnx npnmepno 100 ner nasa, npn nomemennn nx n nenrp uamxn
Herpn nmecro sanemenrnponanno xponn ns FAT, amr cxont pesyntrar. Ho nx
nosecrnne ]opmnpyercx narrepn ns axrepnantntx soorne n xaxo-ro mepe cxont no
ysopam c narrepnom, nosnnxammnm no nosecrnnem xponn ns FAT [6].
Panee namn tno noxasano, uro noont ysop ns soorne n crannnsnponannom
ocaxe ns no]nntrpa nosnnxaer raxxe n rom cnyuae, ecnn n xauecrne nnyxropa
ncnontsymrcx nemenrnte xynxn c samyponanntmn n nnx poxxamn n monounoxncntmn
axrepnxmn (npenapar Bocrox 3M-1).
Moxno npenonoxnrt, uro coxpannnmaxcx HK n samyponanntx xnerxax xponn, n
sye nnn xnerxax mnxpooprannsmon (poxxn n monounoxncnte axrepnn), oxastnaer
nenocpecrnennoe ncrannnonnoe nosecrnne na HK xnntx axrepn, yuacrnymmnx n
]opmnponannn narrepnon no nsnecn soorne, cocrannxmmnx ocnony crannnsnponannoro
ocaxa nonnenxn n orcronnxe ]nntrpa. B nacroxmee npemx yxe nmemrcx annte o
ncrannnonnom nsanmoecrnnn HK es nocpennxon, nonyuennte anrnncxnmn
nccneonarenxmn.
Bnonne onycrnmo, uro npn ncrannnonno nepeaue nn]opmannn ncnontsymrcx
npnnnnnt ne+nexrpomarnnrno xnepnernxn 7. Hpn +rom no ne+nexrpomarnnrnomy
xanany nepeaercx snaunrentnax uacrt nn]opmannn or meprntx xnerox, saxnmuenntx n
nemenr, x xnntm soornexm, xoropte yuacrnymr n nocrpoennn narrepna. Cxopee ncero, +ro
ror ]opmoopasymmn xanan, xoropt xapaxrepen nx mop]orenernuecxoro nonx, na
nponemamn xoroporo ymamr n nacroxmee npemx ecxrxn nccneonarene [8].
Taxnm opasom, ocnontnaxct na nponeenntx +xcnepnmenrax, moxno ntnnnyrt
conepmenno uoeym rouenum, :mo +eroy ruei+u u +epmei+u r.emra+u coxpauemc
oucmauuouua cesi e euoe +opqoeeuemu:ecroeo no., romopa oi.a pauee, roeoa ooa
esau+ooecmeymuux ro+noueuma oi.u ruei+u.
Teopnx mop]orenernuecxnx none n nacroxmee npemx nonyuaer mnpoxoe
pacnpocrpanenne, rax xax rontxo npn nannunn +roro nna nsanmoecrnn moxno
oxcnnrt mexannsm opasonannx xnntx ]opm, n namem cnyuae opasonanne ysopon ns
soorne, n ncrannnonnym nepeauy nn]opmannn npn crpyxrypnponannn not [9].
Hponeennte +xcnepnmenrt no nnyxnnn narrepnon soorne nocroxnntmn
npenaparamn sanemenrnponanno xponn ns FAT R 2 orxptnamr eme ono npaxrnuecxoe
nanpannenne. Mop]onornuecxoe cxocrno narrepnon soorne, opasonanntx no nnnxnnem
xnno xponn ns FAT, n no nnnxnnem ro xe xponn, saxnmuenno n nemenr, moxer
yxastnart na onornnnoe +nepronn]opmannonnoe nosecrnne, n rora ono moxer
npnmenxrtcx npn neuennn saonenann meroamn nocrouno mennnnt. Cneonarentno,
ncrannnonnoe nosecrnne xnno xponn ns rouxn eui-ey moxer c raxnm xe ycnexom
ntnonnnrt nocroxnnt npenapar c sanemenrnponanno xpontm ns ro xe rouxn. Hpn
nanoxennn ero na pyrne FAT, n xoroptx ]paxrantnte xnacrept nnasmt nyxamrcx n
6
nontmennn crpyxrypnponannx nnasmt, nocroxnnt npenapar moxer ncnontsonartcx nx
xynnponannx naronornuecxoro nponecca. Kaxt nocroxnnt npenapar c ]nxcnponanno
xpontm ns FAT moxer raxxe mnoroxparno ncnontsonartcx nnrentnoe npemx. Bnonne
nonxrno, uro npaxrnuecxoe npnmenenne nocroxnntx npenaparon c sanemenrnponanno
xpontm ns FAT, rpeyer antneme +xcnepnmenrantno nponepxn n xnnnnuecxnx
ncntrann, npexe uem ono noer n npaxrnxy.

3axnmuenne

Btxnnennoe namn cnocrno xponn ns FAT R 2 opasontnart narrepnt cxonnennx
soorne n mnxpo+xocncremax rnna axrnnnoro nna nnn crannnsnponannoro ocaxa ns
no]nntrpa nmeer naxnoe snauenne, xax nx reopernuecxo nonornn, rax n nx
npaxrnuecxo mennnnt. Bo-nepntx, cosana moent, nosnonxmmax n xaxo-ro mepe
paccmorpert nonpoc xax ns xaornuecxn pacnpeenenntx n npocrpancrne axrepnantntx
opasonann nosnnxamr ynopxouennte xnnte crpyxrypt. 3ro nornepxaer nocrynar,
uro n xaoce sanoxen nopxox. Bo-nroptx, ntnnnyro nonoxenne n +xcnepnmenrantno
oxasano, uro nx cosannx nopxxa ns xaoca nyxna sarpanxa crpyxrypnponannx, n
xauecrne xoropo y nac ntcrynaer xannx xponn ns nonornuecxo rouxn R 2, re nanonee
ntcoxa crenent crpyxrypnponannx nnasmt xponn no cpannennm c pyrnmn FAT.
ncrannnonnoe nosecrnne xponn ns rouxn R 2, n crexnxnno amnyne n
samyponanno n nemenr, na npocrpancrnennoe pacnpeenenne soorne crannnsnponannoro
ocaxa ns no]nntrpa ncxptnaer eme ony neotunym cropony namero +xcnepnmenra.
Hoxnnxercx nosmoxnocrt yrnepxart, uro cmpyrmypua uuqop+au +orem nepeoaeamic
ue mo.iro om rueo rpoeu, uo u om +epmeo rpoeu, sar.m:euuo e e+eum, xoropt
nsonnpyer ee or nosecrnnx xncnopoa, nnarn n axrepn, n rem camtm cnococrnyer ee
coxpanennm.
C npaxrnuecxo cropont yanoct noxasart, uro xpont n rouxe R 2, onaaer
nanonee ntcoxnm crpyxrypnpymmnm cnocrnom, a nocroxnnte npenapart, nonyuennte na
ocnone sanemenrnponanno xponn ns rouxn R 2, moryr npnmenxrtcx nx nepenoca
nn]opmannn na pyrne rouxn FAT n pasnnunte oprant npn nponeennn repannn meroamn
axynynxrypt.

An1epa1ypa

1. 3axo H.H., Ftnt R.B., Araman A.B. Haronornuecxax ]nsnonornx: Horoc, 1996.
2. De Ley, J.. The Proteobacteria: ribosomal RNA cistron similarities and bacterial taxonomy. In
A. Balow, H. G. Truper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder, and K.-H. Schleifer (ed.), The prokaryotes,
2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York. 1992, p. 21112140.
3. Cnmaxon R.I. Harrepnt cxonnennx onoxnerountx noopocne no nnnxnnem
mnxpooprannsmon, samyponanntx n nemenrnte xynxn // Anrorpo]nte oprannsmt.
Marepnant Bcepoccncxoro cnmnosnyma c mexynapontm yuacrnem M.: MAKC Hpecc,
2010. C. 49.
4. Xmyp H.C. Texnonornuecxne n noxnmnuecxne nponecct ouncrxn crountx no na
coopyxennxx c a+porenxamn // H.C. Xmyp. M.: AKBAPOC, 2003. 512 c.
5. Pusztai L. How well do we know the structure of liquid water? Physica B: Condensed Matter.
2000. 276278. P. 419420.
6. Cnmaxon R.I. Mop]orenernuecxne nonx n ncrannnonnoe nsanmoecrnne xnntx n
meprntx xnerox Tonnent. Btnycx N 34, 2010. C. 123128.
7. Kapanaxnn A.B. Hexoropte nonpoct ne+nexrpomarnnrno xnepnernxn. M.: Hayxa.
2005, 288 c.
8. Benpex Pynepr. Honax nayxa o xnsnn. M.: PHHOH xnaccnx, 2005. 352 c.
7
9. Cnmaxon R.I. Mop]orenernuecxoe none n pasnnrne oprannsmon. Tonnent, Btnycx N 39,
2011.

O an1opax:
Cuauoe Kpu Ieopeueeuu, axaemnx MAH, npo]eccop, oxrop nonornuecxnx nayx;
xa]epa Fno+xonornn n nxrnonornn, Mocxoncxn rocyapcrnennt ynnnepcnrer
rexnonorn n ynpannennx nm. K.I. Pasymoncxoro. E-mail: usimakov@yandex.ru
Bacuua M.I., Haoe B.B., Iacauoea C.X, Ceuuoe C.B., Kau H.0., xa]epa Bocrouno
mennnnt, Poccncxn ynnnepcnrer pyxt napoon

1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH


Caeeuu Kauuuuuu

XOAOHAH BOHHA HPOTHB HAO
CmA onnnct ne Cone1cxoro Comsa, a nnonnane1nn

Tax cunraer Bnanmnp Bacnnten

rnannt nayunt corpynnx Hncrnryra CBA n

Kanat, cnennannsnpymmncx na anannse mxera CBA, yxason n saxonon, npnnnmaemtx
n amnnncrpannn amepnxancxnx npesnenron.

Hsy:a omu cry:uie oory+eumi, ou oouapyru.. ua npomreuuu oo.ee :e+
no.yeera e.acmu A+epuru eioe.mm +uoeo cpeocme us eocomorema ua usy:euue eonpoca
euese+uoeo pasy+a u ucxoouux om ueeo yepos.

Honxonnnx nnn nenuenneumn?

Macconoe ocosnanne raxmecx n xocmoce onacnocrn nauanoct c xpymennx HHO n
mrare Htm-Mexcnxo. Pasnncx nerarentnt annapar, ne nmenmn nnrarenx, c +xnnaxem
ns uertpex rymanonon.
Coomennx o nponcmecrnnn onynnxonann 9 nmnx 1947 r. ne camte
pecnexraentnte rasert CBA Htm-Hopx rame n Bamnnrron nocr. Hpana, ncxope
noxnnnnct onponepxennx nepcnn o noneme nerarentno rexnnxe npornnnnxa (cxopee
ncero, CCCP), neaexnarnocrn ouennnen. Ho nce +ro, no mnennm Bnanmnpa Bacnntena,
cnecrnne ncrynnnmero n ecrnne pexnma cexpernocrn.
Onomxn ncxa n rpynt nnnoron noopann BBC CBA n naexno ynpxrann. Ftn
oprannsonan cnepxcexpernt npoexr Maxecrnx-12 (no uncny +xcnepron), n saauy
xoroporo nxonno nsyuenne n onnaenne rexnonornxmn HHO.

B Henae xpannnnct osex1m nnonnane1noro nponcxoaennn

Hpecc-penns o nponcmecrnnn nx nonocrntx arenrcrn nororonnn nonxonnnx
Vnntxm Fnanmap. Hosnee cxenrnxn crann onnnxrt ero n ananrmpnsme n cxnonnocrn x
]anrasnponannm. Onaxo Fnanmap tn xomannpom rpertero omapnponmnxa, necmero
aromnym omy nx xnoncxnx ropoon. To ecrt noenntm, oneuenntm ntcmnm onepnem
nnacre. Posy+nncxax annaasa, nnepnte nasnannax nonxonnnxom nx CMH, tna camo
ntcoxorexnonornuno n crpane n enncrnenno, re asnponannct omapnponmnxn c
xepntm opyxnem na opry. Ho+romy axe ecnn npenonoxnrt, uro pasnnmncx ncxoner
nonemax paspaorxa CBA, a coomenne o ero anapnn n raserax nenosmoxnoe nx
nonxonnnxa pasrnamenne cnepxcexperno rant, ro nouemy on ne nonan no rpnynan, a
sanepmnn xaptepy uertpexsnesntm renepanom? 3naunr, nnuero pacxoxmerocx c
nosnnne pyxonocrna CBA na ror momenr o]nnep ne conepmnn.
Houemy xe nponcmecrnne crano ocyxaemtm n CMH? Ho mnennm poccncxoro
nccneonarenx, rontxo ns-sa roro, uro nnsentxne rymanont c ysxnm paspesom rnas nsann
cmaxnnann na xnonnen, utx araxa na amepnxancxn ]nor nponsomna ncero sa 6 ner o
onnctnaemtx cotrn. Cnnpom rex noenntx ecrnn Hnpn Xapop tn eme n namxrn.
Amepnxannt ne pas menxnn crparernm ornomennx x posy+nncxomy nponcmecrnnm:
ro cexpernnn ero xax npn 3senxay+pe n Hnxcone, ro onycxann yreuxy nn]opmannn

Bacu.iee B.aou+up Cepeeeeu: nnne-npesnenr AHHVuO, axaemnx MAH n AHHVuO, .+.n. (Hpu+. peo.)
2
xax npn xoncone n Perane. Hnmt n rot ero npesnenrcrna nponema yrpost, ncxoxme
ns xocmoca, nnepnte nposnyuana ns ycr nepnoro nnna: ntcrynax n 1987 r. na 42- ceccnn
Ienepantno Accamnen OOH, on nponsnec necxontxo ]pas o onacnocrn nnonnanernoro
nropxennx.

Hnnnen1m -xonnern

Hs memyapon npesnenra Tpym+na cneyer, uro n Apxrnxe nponcxonnn nenonxrnte
n axe saraounte cotrnx. Ananns neomonnox n nn]opmannonntx yreuex nosnonnn
Bacnnteny cenart ntno, uro 6 exapx 1950 r. na cenepo-nocroxe CBA tn cnr HHO,
ncnecrnne uero amepnxannt npnroronnnnct x none c nnonnanerxnamn. Tpym+n axe
oxnnn n crpane upesntuanoe nonoxenne (xcrarn, ]opmantno o cnx nop ne ormenennoe).
Kasanoct t, npnunno raxoro nocrynxa rnant rocyapcrna morna trt nauanmaxcx nona n
Kopee. Onaxo ananns noenno-nonnrnuecxo cnryannn roro npemenn ne nornepnn +ry
nepcnm.
Amepnxannen nanyrann annte nsyuennx pasnnmerocx HHO: nx nerarentnt
annapar tn cenan cnennantno nx paort nnnsn 3emnn c yuerom remneparypt,
annennx, napamerpon armoc]ept n pyrnx noxasarene name nnanert.
V Bnanmnpa Cepreennua ecrt ocnonannx npenonarart, uro n nauane 80-x
nnonnanerxne norpeonann y pyxonocrna CBA nepnyrt onomxn HHO n rpynt nnnoron.
He ncxnmueno, uro onn norpysnnn oxpany cexpernoro anrapa n rnnnos.
Bosmoxno, no+romy n 80-x tna c]opmynnponana nex snesntx non, nauan
paspaartnartcx npoexr HPO, nanpannennt, xax oxastnaer Bnanmnp Bacnnten, ornmt
ne npornn CCCP, a npornn nosmoxno yrpost ns xocmoca. Bcx ncropnx xonono nont
n coornercrnnn c +ro xonnennne ntrnxnr nnaue: CBA ncera crpaxonannct or
nnesannoro nanaennx ns xocmoca, a ne c 3emnn.
Kcrarn: B 2005 r. Knnnron, yyun yxe +xc-npesnenrom CBA, nponsnec
cneymmee: 3ro mecro n mrare Henaa (re xpannnnct onomxn HHO n rpynt nnnoron.
Anr.) na camom ene xnnxnoct ceptesntm oexrom, n ram ecrnnrentno naxonnnct
apre]axrt nnonnanernoro nponcxoxennx.

O an1ope: Kauuuuuu Caeeuu Eqpeoeuu
Hc1ounnx: Anu N 9, 2010. C. 46.
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH


umpu Hucapeuuo

3AIAKH APKTHKH
K1o xnaxae1 no ntax n pncye1 na nnx c1pannme nnnnn?

Hpecrannxemt, x HHO nnen, xora naxry croxn, a mne nnxro ne nepnr, -coxpymancx
marpoc Ineon n xypnnxe neoxona Poccnx. Boome, na +ry remy ryr ne npnnxro rpenartcx, sa
ypaxa couryr. Ho x xe cnonmn rnasamn nnen, omnnrtcx ne mor!

Apxrnxa pernon saraount. Ionopxr, ram nanmamrcx anomantnte xnnennx,
xaxnx ontme ne ynnnmt nnre. Koppecnonenr Anu, naxoxct n apxrnuecxo
+xcnennnn na neoxone Poccnx, npnnanexamem Pocarom]nory, ntrancx ntxcnnrt, rax
nn +ro. Oxasanoct, uro rax, n anexo ne nce ns nonxpntx uyec nayxa moxer oxcnnrt.

Hentxn n snrsarn

Ornpannxmmncx n cenepnte mnport nneranr nonaraer: camoe ynnnrentnoe, uro
xer ero n Apxrnxe, +ro nonxpnoe cnxnne. 3pennme, eccnopno, sanopaxnnammee, no
anexo ne enncrnennoe. Honnuox yer norpxcen, ecnn emy oneercx ynnert nntnymee
na ropnsonrom cyno, a eme nepenepnyroe nnepx ropmamxamn! Hnn anexne ocrpona,
napxmne na oxeanom. 3ro rax nastnaemte nepxnne mnpaxn: ns-sa roro, uro nnornocrt
nosyxa menxercx c ntcoro ne nnanno, a cxauxoopasno, cnerono nyu npenomnxercx n
armoc]epe. B nrore mt nanmaem oexr, naxoxmncx anexo sa ropnsonrom, npnuem n
ncxaxennom (nepenepnyrom, ynennuennom) nne. Tem xe npenomnennem cnera oxcnxercx
+]]exr nyx connn: na nee noxnnxercx ne ono cnernno, a na.
pyro onrnuecxn ]enomen rano. Boxpyr connna opasyercx cnerxmeecx xontno.
Hnn xe or cnernna rxnercx nnns nonoca cnera, noxoxax na cron. Hpnunna xnnennx n rom,
uro nosyx nanonnen nexntmn xpncrannamn, uepes xoropte cner onxrt xe npenomnxercx.
Mnpaxn nnn rano mt nnnm uacro, paccxasan Anexcanp FAPHHOB, xannran neoxona
Hennn, c xoroptm x nosnaxomnncx naxanyne +xcnennnn. Eme ono spennme, xoropoe
nonauany norpxcaer, nexnte cront co crpoennxmn nanepxy. Hy npecrantre: nntner
ntnna, na ne omnxn, rontxo onn ne na camo ntnne croxr, a na nentxax n necxontxo
merpon ntcoro. Haunnaemt ymart: xro xe nx rya nocrannn n sauem? A eno nor n uem.
Kora-ro nonxpnnxn pe]onann na ntnne, n nocne nnx ocrannct omnxn. Kaxt ro
ntnna raer canrnmerpon na 30. Hpnuem raer ona cnepxy. Ho no omnxamn-ro ne ocraercx
nerponyrtm, conneunte nyun rya ne nponnxamr! Bor n nonyuaercx, uro opasonannct
nexnte nnn, xoropte c xaxtm room npnnonnmamr +rn crpoennx.
Kora neoxon Poccnx nomen n neonte nonx, moe nnnmanne npnnnexnn crpannte
nnnnn na nx nonepxnocrn. 3nrsarn c npxmtmn yrnamn, noxoxne na oueprannx syuaro
xpenocrno crent, onn tnn nnnt ram n ryr n nopo cxnatnannct n npnuynnnte
rnranrcxne pncynxn. Hy uro rnox nycrtnx Hacxa, ne nnaue npnmentnt napnconann!
cpasy npnmna n ronony mtcnt. A npxmte nnnnn nsnerno-nocaounte nonoct. Tontxo
nouemy nnxro, xpome menx, ne nnnrcx +romy? Oxasanoct, syuarte nnnnn, rax
nastnaemax rpeenxa, +ro pesyntrar nanonsannx nton pyr na pyra. Onn nsanmno
npesamrcx onpeenenntmn yuacrxamn, sarem cpacramrcx, a rpannna +roro nropxennx
ocraercx n nne npxmoyrontntx snrsaron.

Hpopyt nn HAO

HHO? a, npnxonnoct nnert, oxorno orosnancx na mo nonpoc Anexcanp
Fapnnon. Kax-ro mt mnn uepes nponnn Kapcxne Bopora n npyr cmorpnm: neo crano
]nonerontm, nce nepennnaercx. H uro-ro n nee nponcxonr, noxoxee na ]eepnepx. o
xpynntx ropoon tno anexo, xaxo ]eepnepx, orxya? Bcx xomana rax n oomnena:
HHO! A xora n Mypmancx npnmnn, ysnann, uro naxanyne c xocmopoma Hnecenx paxery
sanycxann. Bnno, +ro tna ee orennnmaxcx crynent.
na roa nasa xnrenn cenepno Hopnernn ynnenn n nee crpannt cnerxmncx
oexr. Btrxnyroe n cnnpant onaxo nnranoct nnepx, a na ero xonne npamanact eme ona,
enax, cnnpant. Oexr ynennunnancx, noxa ne npenparnncx n orpomnt map c seneno
cepnennno. nnenne nanmann cornn nme, nosnee ono nonyunno nasnanne
Hopnexcxax cnnpantnax anomannx. Btnnrannct pasnte nepcnn uro +ro pesyntrar
paort Fontmoro anponnoro xonnaepa nnn xe npnmecrnne na 3emnm nnonnanerxn.
Bcxope poccncxoe Mnnncrepcrno oopont saxnnno, uro n Fenom mope tn nponsneen
nycx paxert Fynana, no na rpertem +rane ee nonera cnyunncx rexnnuecxn co. Mnorne
nocnemnnn cnxsart +ro cotrne c nopnexcxo anomanne. Ho xcnocrn ner o cnx nop: c
rpyom npecrannxercx, xax ntmemax ns crpox paxera morna napnconart na nee cront
neotunt n xpacnnt ysop.
Ionopxr, noennte mopxxn perynxpno nanmamr HHO n nonxpntx mnporax.
Hsnecrnt y]onor Bnanmnp Axaxa copan ecxrxn cnnerentcrn n sacexpeuenntx
oxymenron na +ry remy. Ho+romy x c nnrepecom ntcnyman paccxas marpoca mnrpnx
IHEFOBA. eno tno 3 roa nasa, x rora paoran na neoxone man. Mt mnn no
uncro noe, tna nout, x croxn na mrypnane n npyr ynnen, uro cnpana no xypcy, rpaycax
n 30, nncnr cnerxmncx oexr. B pyxe x tn onn. Pesxo pasnepnyn mrypnan n nonen
cyno npxmo na nero. Oexr eme nonncen, norom ntnycrnn nyu cnera no coo n nponan.

2 connna nuec1o onoro uoano ynne1t n Apx1nxe

Ineon pncyer, xax ntrnxeno HHO. Hoxoxe na xnaccnuecxym rapenxy, pasne uro
noronme. Kpome roro, marpoc paccxastnaer, uro nnora n apxrnuecxnx ntax moxno
ncrpernrt neantno xpyrnte npopyn namerpom 1520 merpon (npopynnn HHO?) n
ycntmart snyxn, noxoxne na xnaxante. Mopxxn axe ann +romy xnnennm
coornercrnymmee nasnanne xnaxymxn, nnn xnaxept. Kax nsnecrno, nxrymxn n
Cenepnom Heonnrom oxeane ne noxrcx. A rmnenn nnn ente menen nsamr concem
nnte snyxn. Bce xe ecrt na uem saymartcx?

O an1ope: umpu Hucapeuuo
Hc1ounnx: Anu n Vxpanne, N 46, 2011.
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH


Pocmucuae 0ypy

3AIAOHHAH IEOMETPHH HACKH
(Inana ns xnnrn Hpenecrt rant)

Hesatnaemoe nneuarnenne npecrannxmr ns cex pacxnnyrte
no nycrtnxm nsopaxennx. Komy-ro, nx nac nensnecrnomy,
rpeonanoct norparnrt cnon cnnt n npemx, urot n camtx
neyontx nnora ycnonnxx ocrannrt anonnmnt namxrnnx n
nasnanne xaxnm-ro neneomtm nyrnnxam.
H. K. Pepnx

Ha pacceeme ee pasoyou. ueooi:ui uypuauu seyr. He cpasy Mapu cooopasu.a, :mo omo
oorour comu+u rpoue:uix oapaoauuix na.o:er cmy:um no uuqepuo rpoe.e ee e.uuooumuo
xuruui. Bore +o, rar oaeuo oua ue c.iua.a +ysiru ooro e omo nycmiue' Hs oa.eroeo-
oa.eroeo sarymra na+mu ecn.i.o eocno+uuauue oemcmea. ouu c cecmpo, pasopiseuea ooci+u
uoea+u .yru, c xoxomo+ +:amc no mupo.icro oo.uue r cnacume.iuo+y rpi.iy oo+ura oou
Hemepa. A men.ie cmpyru .acroeoeo .emueeo ooroura coece+ ue oo.iuo oimm no paseop:euui+
.u:ura+, u mar ueooi:uo ouyueuue +orpix n.amiu, npu.unuux r me.y...
Ho ceem.a paoocmi oemcroeo eocno+uuauu mym re c+euu.aci mpeeoeo. Pucyuru' EE
PHCVHKH' oroi o. uux c+epme.iua yeposa' C mex nop rar saoi+u.u mpyoi omoeo
:yooeuua +ema..ypeu:ecroeo ro+ouuama e Maproue, soeci, e Hacre, ua:a.u ecno+uuami o
maro+ e.euuu npupooi, rar ooroi. Pauiue omo :yoo soeci c.y:a.oci ue :aue oouoeo pasa e oea
eooa, npu:e+ ran.u 15-+uuymuoeo ooroura ooi:uo ucnap.uci e eosoyxe, ue rocuyeuuci se+.u.
Hoci.a cmpauuie ue+erue npor.mu nepyaucru+ +ema..ypea+ u ece +upoeo
oypryasuu, Mapu ua:a.a nocneuuo ooeeamic. B noocosuauuu +e.imeuu.a +ic.i. uaoo ryoa-mo
oerami, :mo-mo oe.ami' Ho cmon' Umo re oua +orem coe.ami ue sarpimi e ceou+ xyoi+
me.o+ acrema comeu reaopamuix ru.o+empoe nycmiuu c omu+u epo+aoui+u u maru+u yseu+i+u
meopeuu+u opeeuux... Oua oeccu.iuo onycmu.aci ua ceom recmrym co.oamcrym rpoeami. H mym
oo ee c.yxa oou.o, :mo ooroi nperpamu.c mar re euesanuo, rar u ua:a.c.
Vrpaoro oceuue ceo rpecmui+ sua+euue+, Mapu npucmynu.a r ereoueeuo rpamro
npoeoype y+ieauu u saempara. Kpumu:ecru pacc+ampuea ceoe ompareuue e sepra.ie uao
pyro+ouuro+, oua npuu.aci mepne.ueo mepemi syoi uemro. Coe.acuo npeonucauum noru.oeo
oaumucma, ee se+.ra nepece.eua us Baeapuu, omo c.eooea.o oe.ami e me:euue uurar ue +euee
mpex +uuym. Drei Minuten! uasuoame.iuo eoeopu. epa:, nooue eeepx yrasymuu nepcm. Bce
oo.esuu om n.oxo no:uueuuix syooe'
Hs sepra.a ua Mapum e.oe.o me+uoe, eirreuuoe oecnouaoui+ nepyaucru+ co.ue+ .uo
cmapyxu, oopa+.euuoe oe.i+u npo+u eo.oc, romopix yre +uoeo .em ue raca.aci pyra
napur+axepa. H .uui e.asa oi.u ece marue re eo.yoie, rueie u ynp+ie, rar u 40 .em uasao,
roeoa oua enepeie noeu.aci e omux rpax. Toeoa ee, uuuym y:ume.iuuy +ame+amuru,
saopoueuuym cyoioo e noucrax x.eoa uacyuuoeo ua rpa ceema, c.y:a cee. c pecnermaoe.iui+,
yeepeuui+ e ceoe a+epuraucru+ npoqeccopo+ Ho.o+ Kocoro+. Om ueeo oua enepeie yc.iua.a o
mauucmeeuuix .uuux u ooposoax, muyuuxc ua +uoeue ru.o+empi e eicoroeopuo nycmiue
Hacra.
Bcrope oua u ca+a yeuoe.a omo :yoo. Boeoe+ c Ho.o+ ouu uaea.u no poeuo, rar cmo.,
roqeuo-cepo oesrusueuuo u oespaoocmuo na+ne, a eoe-mo oa.ero nosaou +a:u.a :epua
mo:ra ocmae.euuo y uocce npoqeccopcro aemo+auuui. Om uux r eopusoumy yoeea.a np+a, rar
uamuyma cmpyua, .uuu mo .u ooposoa, npoeeoeuua raru+-mo qaumacmu:ecru+ n.yeo+, mo

2 nmnx 2012 r. ymen ns xnsnn Pocmucuae Cepeeeeuu 0ypy (22.07.1933 r.p.), xannar reonoro-
mnnepanornuecxnx nayx, naneonronor, rexronncr, nsnecrnt y]onor, unen Mexynaponoro omecrna
penne xocmonanrnxn, anrop xnnr no saraxam penne ncropnn, uecrnt yuent n sameuarentnt uenonex.
http://ufodos.org.ua/news/umer_furduj_rostislav_sergeevich/2012-09-09-837
2
.u c.eo om xeocma npo.emeeueeo craso:uoeo oparoua. H marue re .uuuu pasoeea.uci no nycmiue e
pasuie cmopoui. Hx oi.u oecmru, ec.u ue comuu. A Kocor ye.e:euuo us.aea. e ceom eunomesy o
mo+, :mo omu .uuuu oo.rui yrasieami ua onpeoe.euuie no.oreuu Co.ua u dyui, ua
omoe.iuie seesoi u coseesou. Hao.moa noe.euue e cmeope omux .uuu mex u.u uuix ueoecuix
me., qaumasupoea. npoqeccop, opeeuue nepyaui onpeoe..u cporu ce.icroxoscmeeuuix paoom
noceea, ramei u opyeoe. 3oeci .erum ee.u:aua acmpouo+u:ecra ruuea +upa'
namemu:ecru eocr.ua. Ho.. H +i c mooo omo oorare+'
Hpoqeccopa oaeuo uem ua omo+ ceeme, a oua eom yre copor .em ua ceoe oecc+euuo
eaxme. Ereoueeuo, rar ceueuuur r ceoe+y xpa+y, oua npuxooum e omy nycmium, us+epem,
qomoepaqupyem, npo:uuaem uemro .uuuu, a ee:epa+u, cuo sa ceou+ epyoo cro.o:euui+ cmo.o+,
ei:ep:ueaem n.aui, ymo:uem rapmi u oy+aem uao mauo nycmiuu, r romopo ua ecm rusui
npurune.o ee cepoe. A eue ooueaem nopoeu eparoaucrux u eoeuuix y:peroeuu du+i,
eir.u:uea oeuee ua oo.emi na+ni ua eepmo.eme, oooueaci moeo, :mooi Hacry ooeu.u
sanoeeouuro+ u sanpemu.u oocmyn myoa coepe+euui+ ourap+ ua aemo+oou.x, romopie
samanmieamm, ypooymm, yuu:moramm ee.u:auee uac.eoue ueeeoo+o opeeue ueu.usauu.
ume.u eopoora uasieamm ee cemo cuuiopo, ocooeuuo c mex nop, rar oua sa c:em ceoeeo
eouopapa, no.y:euuoeo sa ruuey o Hacre, uau.a mpex +ecmuix rume.e o. oxpaui na+ni om
npuesrux eauoa.oe.
y ceo ooi:ui uexumpi saempar (+uco:ra ooooe e mo+ame, oo.ira ane.icuua u
:aue:ra roqe), Mapu ecno+uu.a opyeoeo npoqeccopa, more a+epuraucroeo, repa.ioa Xoruuca.
Jmom ca+oyeepeuui uru co ceou+ ro+nimmepo+ oouu+ +axo+ yuu:moru. ece mo, :mo oua
cmpou.a copor .em. Eeo oieo.icra +auuua, nepemacoeae oauuie o comux sarapmupoeauuix em
.uuu, eioa.a youcmeeuui pesy.imam. ue oo.ee 20 npoeumoe us uux u+emm acmpouo+u:ecrym
npuesry' Kar +ame+amur, oua nouu+a.a, :mo omo ece. Jmo roue. Koue eunomese Kocora, roue
muouecro +e:me. Taua, sa romopo oua eou.aci 40 .em, ycro.isuy.a om uee, y.eme.a, rar ooua
us mex qaumacmu:ecrux nmu, usoopareuu romopix oua oouapyru.a ua noeepxuocmu na+ni.
Mapu esooxuy.a, ooy.a ceou useecmuie ece+ rume.+ eopoora +erue mano:ru (:mooi ue
samanmieami pucyuroe), oocma.a us r.aooeru uemry ua o.uuuo na.re (Copor ceoi+a no
c:emy, +auuua.iuo om+emu.a ee +ame+amu:ecra na+mi), n.auuemry c rapmo u npuei:ui+
uemopon.uei+ uaeo+ sauaea.a e na+ny.

Heunoro nc1opnn

Bcemnpno nsnecrnt antom saraountx pennnx nsopaxenn na ntcoxoropnom nnaro
Hacxa naxonrcx na reppnropnn pecnynnxn Hepy, npnmepno n 400 xnnomerpax x mry or cronnnt
rocyapcrna Hnmt n n 50 xnnomerpax or epera Tnxoro oxeana, mexy ropoamn Hantna n Hacxa.
3ect nont An nporxrnnaercx namna (ponnax, xax cron, ntcoxoropnax, nopxxa 1 000 merpon na
yponnem mopx) pannnna, mecramn pacunenennax onnnamn pex, npenmymecrnenno cyxnmn. O rom,
uro sect na nonepxnocrn nycrtnn ecrt orpomnoro pasmepa nsopaxennx, cooman eme n XVI nexe
Cnesa e Heon, ncnancxn xponncr, conponoxanmn Hncappo no npemx xonxncrt. O +rnx snaxax
ynomnnan n 1926 roy nepyancxn apxeonor Topnno Mapnx Kcecne. 3arem o nnx crann coomart
nerunxn, npoxnatnanmne nosymnte rpacct na +ro mecrnocrtm. B 1939 roy nx nonropno
orxptn amepnxancxn ncropnx ns Hor-Anencxoro ynnnepcnrera Hon Kocox, npenonoxnnmn,
uro +rn nnnnn ocrarxn pennnx opocnrentntx xananon. Ho, sanxnmnct nmn erantnee n
1941 roy, on yenncx, uro +rn nernyoxne, ne onee 1015 canrnmerpon, opost xananamn
nnxax cnyxnrt ne mornn. Tora on npenonoxnn, uro +ro ocrarxn xanenapno cncremt n
acrponomnuecxo ocepnaropnn xaxoro-ro pennero napoa, xnnmero n +ro mecrnocrn. Kocox axe
nasnan Hacxy nanontme acrponomnuecxo xnnro mnpa, cunrax, uro nnnnn na nonepxnocrn
nycrtnn yxastnamr na rouxn nocxoa n saxoa Connna n Hynt n onpeenennte nn roa, na
nonoxenne snes n cosnesn n rax anee.
Acrponomnuecxax rnnoresa Kocoxa tna pacxpnrnxonana n 1947 roy apxeonorom
I. Iopxremepom, cnpanennno samernnmnm, uro nx ]nxcannn nonoxennx neecntx cnernn nonce
ne tno neoxonmocrn npoxnatnart na mecrnocrn nonoct mnpnno n ecxrxn merpon n nnno n
xnnomerpt. B cnom ouepet on npenonoxnn, uro +rn nnnnn na mecrnocrn nepecexamrcx n mecrax
norpeenn mecrno snarn. Onaxo nnxaxnx saxoponenn n +rnx nynxrax onapyxeno ne tno.
Tem ne menee Kocox npoonxan nacrannart na cnoe acrponomnuecxo rnnorese. nx ee
paspaorxn on npnnnex yunrentnnny maremarnxn ns Iepmannn Mapnm Paxe, xoropax nocennnact n
3
ropoe Hacxe n 1946 roy n nce cnon nocneymmne 45 ner xnsnn nocnxrnna nsyuennm saraountx
nsopaxenn. 3ra reponuecxax xenmnna mnoroxparno ncxonna nepyancxym namny nont n
nonepex, nsmepxx, ]ororpa]npyx, nanocx na xaprt n nnant saraounte ueprexn nycrtnn, rparx
cnon cxynte cpecrna na nepronernte onert n a+po]orocemxy, oxpanxx pennne nsopaxennx or
crponrene Hanamepnxancxoro mocce n nxnx rypncron. B Hacxe Mapne Paxe nsxro na yuer
13 000 (!) nnnn, 100 cnnpane n 788 rnranrcxnx ]nryp (rpeyrontnnxon, rpanenn,
npxmoyrontnnxon, nsopaxenn xnnorntx n pacrenn). Bce +ro cocpeoroueno na yuacrxe namnt
nnno oxono 70 n mnpnno 15 xnnomerpon. Paxe yanoct ortcxart cpen xaoca nnnn n nonoc na
mecrnocrn necxontxo nnnn, nmemmnx, no ee mnennm, acrponomnuecxym npnnxsxy.
B cnoe xnnre 1, onynnxonanno nnepnte n 1968 roy n nosxe necxontxo pas
nepensananmecx, Mapnx Paxe npnnonr nsopaxennx nrnn, pt n pyrnx xnnorntx,
ntuepuenntx neneomtmn pennnmn xyoxnnxamn na nonepxnocrn nycrtnn nacrontxo
orpomntmn, uro nx moxno oxnarnrt nsrnxom nnmt c ontmo ntcort. Ona xe ycranonnna, uro +rn
nsopaxennx ntnonnent c yuerom cnoxntx maremarnuecxnx coornomenn n reomerpnuecxnx
nponopnn. unrypt xnnorntx, nnmer Paxe, c nx npenocxontmn saxpyrnennxmn n
npexpacno canancnponanntmn pasmepamn nacrontxo rpyno ntnonnnrt na mecrnocrn, uro cnoco
n cpecrna, xaxnmn +ro tno ocymecrnneno, +ro saraxa, xoropax nx cnoero pemennx norpeyer
rot nccneonann.
Amepnxancxn acrponom x. Xoxnnc 2 (n cnoe npemx sannmanmncx pacmn]ponxo
Croynxenxa) n 19711974 roax c nomomtm xomntmrepa nponen nsyuenne necxontxnx coren
nnnn Hacxn nx nponepxn acrponomnuecxo rnnorest. B namxrt mamnnt tnn nneent
xoopnnart +rnx nnnn nmecre c anntmn o nonoxennn na ropnsonre xapaxrepntx rouex nocxoa n
saxoa Connna n Hynt n pxa nenonnxntx snes nx +noxn or 5000 roa o name +pt o
1900 roa name +pt. Ananns noxasan, uro nanpannennx nnnn nmemr cnyuanoe pacnpeenenne.
Hnnnn, nnmer Xoxnnc, ne nmemr acrponomnuecxoro snauennx, no ncxxom cnyuae, onn ne
cnxsant c nonoxennxmn Connna, Hynt n nenonnxntx snes... Komntmrep, oannxer +ror
anrop, pasnn reopnm snesno-conneunoro xanenapx npeesrn. Kora mamnna ntana
pesyntrart, oxasanoct, uro nce nanpannennx n ro nnn nnoe npemx yxastnann na snest. Ho, x
ontmomy namemy pasouaponannm, ne uame, uem roro rpeonann saxont nepoxrnocrn... B raxo
nponopnnn nopaxan t ymaxnte mnmenn cnanep c sanxsanntmn rnasamn, crpenxx n remnore.
Apxeonorn, xax ncera, npenoxnnn pnryantnym rnnoresy: nont nnnn n pncynxon xxot
ntnonnxnnct pnryantnte mecrnnx n rannt n uecrt npnnnxennx necnt nnn npemenn copa ypoxax.
Hmn xe tna npenoxena n nexax pasnonnnocrt +ro rnnorest roremnax: rnranrcxne pncynxn
xnnorntx xxot npecrannxmr coo nsopaxennx roremon roro nnn nnoro nnecxoro nnemenn.
Btnonnxx ropxecrnennte mecrnnx nont raxoro pncynxa, nnemx ntnonnxno pnryan noxnonennx
yxy oxpannrenm nnemenn. Ho net nmte pnryantnte oexrt (xpamt, anrapn, cnxmennte
epentx) npnsnant npexe ncero nosecrnonart na uyncrna uenonexa. Kax mornn nosecrnonart na
uyncrna nme pncynxn nacrontxo orpomnte, uro nonxrt nx cmtcn c nonepxnocrn 3emnn
nenosmoxno nmo ns nnx nocnpnnnmaercx npocro xax nemnpoxax nsnnnammaxcx rponnnxa, a
urot oxnarnrt ero nect nsrnxom, neoxonmo nonxrtcx na 3emne merpon na 300. Hexcno
raxxe, xax ronna nnenen, npomemax nnn nporannenanmax nont pncynxa, ymypxnact ne
saronrart ero rpynr nycrtnn mxrxn n pacctnuart, cne or ncannxa nnn nemexoa nnen
sect na nporxxennn ecxrxon ner. He cnyuano Mapnx Paxe, paorax n namne, oynana
cnennantnte ranouxn n axe ntpaorana ocoym ocropoxnym, xomautm noxoxy.
Honemax pasnonnnocrt pnryantno rnnorest pas pncynxn xopomo cmorpxrcx nnmt c
ntcort, ro onn n npenasnauannct neoxnrenxm, ro ecrt oram, xax cpecrno npnnneut nx
nnnmanne. Bcem t xopoma rnnoresa, ecnn t n namne tnn nnmt pncynxn roremon. Ho onn
nnmt nesnaunrentnax uacrt omero nsana, xaxo cmtcn oram cosepnart xaoc ns 13 rtcxu
nnnn n nonoc?
Amepnxannt . Bym+n, V. Cnopep n . Hopr4 npenonoxnnn, uro xpent pennnx
nnecxnx nnemen onrarene Hacxn ymenn enart nosymnte mapt ns rxann n, nanonnxx nx
ropxunm nosyxom, nonnmannct n neo sa mnoro nexon o parten Monront]te. Taxnm opasom
onn xxot ntrannct npnnnsnrtcx x neecntm oram n nosnart marnuecxn cmtcn orpomntx
pncynxon. 3rn nccneonarenn axe cxnennn ns rxann orpomnt rerpa+p rnna monounoro naxera c
nonemenno x nemy rpocrnnxono ronono n, nanonnnn ero ropxunm nosyxom, ornpannnn na
ntcory nopxxa 500 merpon, re on npoepxancx 1,5 mnnyrt, nonxn nyx naccaxnpon.
Orcranno nepyancxn nerunx 3. 3ppan nomen eme antme: no ero rnnorese, pennne
4
nacxannt ymenn axe crponrt... entrannant, na xoroptx nx xpent n nonnmannct na namno,
conepmax xaxne-ro pnryant. Ho nnxaxnx oxasarentcrn (nn npxmtx, nn xocnenntx) roro, uro
nnent oxonymontx npemen ymenn nerart, ne onapyxeno.
Concem opnrnnantnym pasnonnnocrt pnryantno rnnorest npenoxnn H. Pynn [5].
Bosmoxno, +ro mecro y nonoxnx rop, paccyxaer on, cunranoct onrentm yxon, a
rxxenemax paora nacxcxnx crponrene cnyxnna cnoeopasno ncxynnrentno xeprno,
nanpannenno na nx ymnpornopenne.
3ro yxe concem n yxe nexpaconcxoro pasonnxa Kyexpa, anmero oer no ncxynnenne
cnonx ymeryntx rpexon cpesart nepounnntm noxnuxom nexono y. Ho, oxastnaercx, ecrt n
eme onee opnrnnantnte rnnorest. B ceptesnom nayunom xypnane nexax Hsent 6 na nonnom
ceptese nonaraer, uro rnrannuecxax paora no pacuepunnannm nycrtnn tna nexo penne
pasnonnnocrtm omecrnenntx paor, npnsnanntx ymentmnrt poxaemocrt pennnx nnenen,
xoroptx crano cnnmxom yx mnoro. Oecnoxoennte emorpa]nuecxo cnryanne, xpent
npnymann +ro sanxrne nx nacenennx, urot nanpannrt ero mtcnn n pyrym cropony (urot
onn, rax cxasart, yptm ne maxnnct). Hennoxo, ne rax nn?
Hrantxnen H. Masorrn n 1970 roy npenonoxnn, uro nnnnn n ]nrypt Hacxn npecrannxmr
xapry snesnoro nea, ntnonnennym pennnmn xnrenxmn Hepy. Onaxo nontrxn cnxsart
nsopaxennx nrnn, pt, xnnorntx c onpeenenntmn cosnesnxmn ycnexa ne nmenn.
3pnx ]on ennxen 7 oparnn nnnmanne na ro, uro nonoct Hacxn ynnnrentno
nanomnnamr conpemennte a+popomt c nx nocaountmn n pynexntmn nonocamn. He cnxsano nn
nce +ro c exrentnocrtm npnmentnen ns Kocmoca? cnpamnnaer on. Kax n cneonano oxnart,
npornn rnnorest ennxena pyxno ntcrynnnn nce ncropnxn n apxeonorn, a n ne rontxo onn. Tax,
maremarnx ns Hnmt Mapnx Bontren 8 c neroonannem ornepraer +ro npenonoxenne xax
anrnnarpnornuecxym nontrxy ncxpenrnponart pennnx nepyannen, xoropte, no ee mnennm,
mornn ntnonnnrt +ry paory n es nomomn xocmnuecxnx cynepmenon. Ho nosnnxaer pesonnt
nonpoc: a mornn nn na camom ene?

Tpannnonnme nonpocm: x1o, xora n xax?

Hpexe ncero, uro xe coo npecrannxmr +rn nsopaxennx n snaxn na nonepxnocrn
nycrtnn, nnn reornn]t, xax nx eme nnora nastnamr? C ntcort onn ntrnxxr xax onee cnernte,
uem oxpyxammax mecrnocrt, nnnnn nnn nnomaxn, reomerpnuecxne ]nrypt, xonrypnte pncynxn
pasnnuntx xnnorntx. Bnnsn, c nonepxnocrn semnn, nnno, uro nouna nycrtnn noxptra
mnorouncnenntmn menxnmn xamnxmn (rantxo n menem remnoro nnera ns-sa noxptnamme nx
xopouxn rax nastnaemoro nycrtnnoro sarapa cone xenesa n mapranna). Hnnnn n pncynxn
npecrannxmr coo nernyoxne opost, ns xoroptx +rn remnte xamnn ypant, rax uro
onaxnnact cnernax necuano-rnnnncrax nonouna. Kamnn xax t copant c nonepxnocrn semnn n
cnnnyrt x xpaxm opos, re onn nactnant n nne nannxon. Taxnm xe opasom ounment or
remntx xamne nonoct mnpnno nnora n necxontxo merpon n onee xpynnte nnomaxn n nne
ntrxnyrtx rpeyrontnnxon, rpanenn n npxmoyrontnnxon. Bnpnna nx ocrnraer 80 merpon, nnna
camoro ontmoro npxmoyrontnnxa 730 merpon.
Knnmar nepyancxo namnt upesntuano sacymnnnt mro-nocrounte naccart,
nartxaxct na Ant, ocrannxmr ncm nnary na nx nocrountx nperoptxx, n na namno nponocxrcx
cyxne ropxune nerpt. 3ro cnococrnyer coxpannocrn nsopaxenn n reuenne mnornx cronern, ecnn
ne rtcxuenern. Ho ncxnmunrentnax cyxocrt xnnmara enaer nenosmoxntm neenne sect xaxoro-
nno xosxcrna n npoxnnanne nme. Honnnnoe semneenne nosmoxno nnmt n pexnx onnnax pex,
npnuem ona raxax onnna cnocona npoxopmnrt ne onee rtcxun uenonex +ro ona-ne epennn.
Apxeonorn cunramr, uro rnranrcxne pncynxn na nonepxnocrn nycrtnn ocrannnn nnent
rax nastnaemo xyntrypt nacxa, cymecrnonanme no II nexe o name +pt V nexe name +pt,
marepnantnte cnet xoropo (xepamnxa, npemert tra) onapyxent pacxonxamn n onnne pexn
Hacxa. Taxax xe xepamnxa (uepenxn cocyon) onapyxena xoe-re n n namne. Ocnonannem nx
ornecennx ueprexe nycrtnn x xyntrype nacxa xnnnoct ro, uro nexoropte cmxert +ro pacnncno
xepamnxn nsopaxamr nrnn n snepe roro xe rnna, uro n pncynxn n nycrtne. Ho noonoe
saxnmuenne ne xnnxercx yenrentntm. Kax ormeuaer M. Bontren, xepamnxa naena na
nonepxnocrn pncynxon, rpanenn; cneonarentno, pncynxn pennee xepamnxn n ne cosarenn
pncynxon xonnponann cmxert xepamnxn, a, cxopee, naoopor. He noxoxn re n pyrne n no crnnm
ncnonnennx. Cnono M. Bontren:
5
Ecnn mt cpannnm ]nrypt na nonepxnocrn namnt nnannte, necxontxo pacrxnyrte n
ntnonnennte c macrepcxo ynepennocrtm, cnnerentcrnymme o cnooe pncynxa, ro, na mo
nsrnx, nenosmoxno crannrt nx n onn px c pncynxamn na xepamnxe rpytmn n yrnonartmn.
Hnora cmxert rex n pyrnx connaamr: +ro xnnornte nepyancxoro noepextx. Ho nacxancxax
xepamnxa ornnuaercx rpytm npnmnrnnnsmom, conepmenno ne xapaxrepntm nx ]nryp namnt.
H eme onn aprymenr: n nocnenne rot orxptrt nonte yuacrxn namnt, noxptrte raxnmn
xe nnnnxmn n pncynxamn, xax n n Hacxe. Onn naxoxrcx n nepyancxo nponnnnnn Apexnna
(nycrtnn Max n Cnrya, onnna pexn Ocmapt n paone ropoa Moxerya), a raxxe n n unnncxo
nponnnnnn Anro]aracra (nycrtnx Tapaxarap n naropte Hnnraoc). B nenom +rn nsopaxennx
npnypouent x nonoce, ntrxrnnammecx nont An onee uem na 1 300 xnnomerpon. Conepmenno
nenepoxrno, urot nce +ro tno ntnonneno onnm manouncnenntm nnemenem, sannmanmnm ncero
ony onnny neontmo pexn. axe sect, n Hacxe, na nnoman nopxxa 700 xnaparntx
xnnomerpon oem ntnonnenno paort nacrontxo orpomen, uro +ro tno conepmenno
nenocnntno saaue nx neontmoro nnemenn. Mapnx Paxe nocunrana, uro nx onoro nnmt
pyunoro yanennx xamne c nonepxnocrn ontmnx nnomaox neoxonmo tno sarparnrt
500 uenonexo-ner rpya

. A pasmerxa ncex pncynxon n nponeenne rtcxu nnnn nnno n

xnnomerpt! Kax morno npnmnrnnnoe omecrno, nce cnnt xoroporo yxonnn na otnanne xnea
nacymnoro, ornnexart crontxo nme nx ntnonnennx +ro rnranrcxo paort? H nce +ro, yurnre, n
ecxrxax n cornxx xnnomerpon or cnonx cenenn, npn nonnom esnote, orcyrcrnnn xaxoro-nno
nonoxnoro xopma n ronnnna, es rxrnontx xnnorntx (nx pennne nepyannt ne snann) n n
ycnonnxx xnnmara, xoropt mecrnte xnrenn cnpanennno cpannnnamr c pacxanenno yxonxo.
Hrax, na nepntx na nonpoca, ntnecenntx n sarononox +roro pasena, nn ona ns
npenoxenntx rnnores yenrentno ornernrt ne moxer. Mt ne snaem, KTO n KOIA pacnncan
nepyancxo-unnncxym namny. Moxno nnmt xoncrarnponart, uro +ro tno ntnonneno saonro o
xonxncrt n o nnxon n uro oem ntnonnenno paort tn orpomntm. Hponema eme onee
ycnoxnxercx, xora mt snaxomnmcx c xauecrnom ntnonnenno paort.
Cpen nsopaxenn pesxo npeonaamr npxmte nnnnn (nx mnpnna na semne cocrannxer
oxono ecxrn canrnmerpon). Hmn namna pacuepuena no ncenosmoxntx nanpannennxx. Onn
nporxrnnamrcx na cornn n rtcxun merpon (ecrt raxonte nnno n nxrt, n axe ecxrt xnnomerpon).
Kax ormeuaer Xoxnnc 2, nnnnn +rn ...ynnnrentno npxmte. Cpenee orxnonenne no nanpannennm
ne npentmaer 9 yrnontx mnnyr. 3ra nn]pa npecrannxer coo npeen rounocrn, npeycmorpennt
nx ]ororpammerpnuecxnx paor. Cocrnenno ronopx, pennne nnnnn tnn nponeent onee rouno,
uem moxno onpeennrt c nomomtm conpemenntx npnemon a+po]orocemxn.

Hnxaxnmn rnasomepntmn meroamn (cxaxem, c nomomtm
ntcrannxemtx nemex, xax npenonaramr apxeonorn) onrtcx
raxo rounocrn HEBO3MOHO B HPHHHHHE. Taxnm tn
xareropnuecxn orner reoesncron, x xoroptm x oparnncx (onn ns
nnx ne es rpycrn ormernn, uro ne xaxomy reoesncry yaercx
nponecrn na mecrnocrn cront npxmym nnnnm nnno nxrt
xnnomerpon axe c nomomtm onrnuecxoro reoonnra).
Cneyer raxxe yuecrt, uro nnnnn Hacxn npoxoxr, rax
cxasart, nensnpax na pente]. Ha pncynxe 75, nsxrom ns xnnrn
Mapnn Paxe, oruernnno nnno, xax ne aconmrno napannentnte
nnnnn (crporo ronopx, nx axe ne ne, a rpn, no nenax nnnnx
nonax) nporxrnnamrcx nnauane no onnne nepecoxme pexn, a
sarem, ne orxnonxxct nn na ory or npexnero nanpannennx,
nsnpamrcx no onontno xpyromy, nspesannomy onparamn cxnony na
optx napy coren merpon nnepx, x cneymmemy, onee ntcoxomy
nnaro.
Bneuarnenne raxoe, yro nyu xaxoro-ro ]anracrnuecxoro
npoxexropa npoueprnn na nonepxnocrn semnn +rn opost...
H nce xe n nyrannne nnnn ormeuaercx no mentme mepe ona saxonomepnocrt. A nmenno:
mnorne ns nnx ntxoxr ns onpeenenntx nenrpon, pacxoxct or nnx n pasnte cropont n nne

Anrop omncx, +rn pacuert tnn ntnonnent name cooreuecrnennnne Fenoxont A.T. n xonne 80-x rr.
Hpu+. peo.
6
nyue. Ha pncynxe 76, ocnona xoroporo sanmcrnonana ns xnnrn M. Paxe, raxne snesoopasnte
nenrpt ormeuent xpyxxamn. Kax npannno, onn pacnonaramrcx na nepmnnax neontmnx xonmon n
coennxmrcx pyr c pyrom nnnnxmn. Onaxo raxne nenrpt nnora naxoxrcx ne rontxo na
nonepxnocrn namnt, no n na onontno xpyrtx cxnonax pex snaunrentno nnxe +ro nonepxnocrn
(cm. nent nepxnn yron pnc. 76). C rouxn spennx reoesncron, +ro conepmenno nenonxrno. Ecnn
raxne nenrpt xnnxnnct onopntmn rouxamn xaxo-ro cern (rnna rpnanrynxnnonno) na nonepxnocrn
namnt, ro re ns nnx, uro pacnonarannct na cxnonax pex (na necxontxo ecxrxon merpon nnxe +ro
nonepxnocrn), tnn nnment xaxoro-nno cmtcna. Bet raxo nenrp tn nennnm c pyrnx
onopntx rouex n ero camoro nyxno tno x +ro cern npnnxstnart. Kaxym nnnnm, ntxoxmym ns
raxoro nenrpa, neoxonmo tno cnauana orxnyrt no xpyromy, nspesannomy onparamn cxnony o
nonepxnocrn namnt, conmax ry xe nenepoxrno ntcoxym rounocrt nanpannennx, a sarem
npoonxart no +ro nonepxnocrn. Taxax, c nosnonennx cxasart, onopnax rouxa n cern conepmenno
nsnnmnx n axe npena (c rouxn spennx rounocrn paort). He npome nn tno noome ne
cnycxartcx c pannnnt, a pasmecrnrt ncm +ry rpnanrynxnnonnym cert na ne?


Hoxoxe na ro, uro raxne nponemt conepmenno ne nonnonann cosarene ueprexe
Hacxn. Onn c neotxnonenno nerxocrtm ncnonoconann nonepxnocrt namnt mpuuauamom
mmcauau nnnn, rounocrn nponeennx xoroptx sannymr conpemennte reoesncrt, n npn +rom
ncnontsonann raxym onopnym cert, xaxax cosaer nnmt ononnnrentnte cnoxnocrn n paore. H
nocne ncero +roro ncropnxn n apxeonorn rnepxr nam, uro ncm +ry nnxnonnuecxym no oemy n
norpxcammym no rounocrn paory ntnonnnno manouncnennoe nnemx, naxonnmeecx na
rexnonornuecxom yponne xamennoro nexa, ne snanmee nnctmennocrn, ne snaxomoe c marnnrntm
xomnacom?! 3ect, n Hacxe, mt onxrt cranxnnaemcx c rem xe napaoxcom, xaxo nam npenonecna
Bennxax nnpamna n Ernnre: oem n xauecrno ntnonnenno paort no mnoro pas npentmamr
nosmoxnocrn roro npnmnrnnnoro omecrna, xaxoe, no o]nnnantno npnnxromy mnennm, xxot nce
+ro cenano. Hac onxrt yexamr n rom, uro peaxrnnnt camoner nsopenn n nocrponnn uyxun, no
nx cronme pacnonoxeno pxom c onomxamn +roro camonera...
Kpome nnnn n Hacxe nmemrcx eme cornn opor (xapronnoe nasnanne, annoe
nccneonarenxmn Hacxn). 3ro npxmte nonoct mnpnno o 60 canrnmerpon na nonepxnocrn,
oxonrypennte, xax n nnnnn, nannxamn ns yanenntx c nonepxnocrn semnn xamne. Ecrt sect n
mnorouncnennte nnomaxn npxmoyrontnnxn, rpanennn n rpeyrontnnxn, ounmennte or
remnoro nonepxnocrnoro menx. Cpen nnx npeonaamr yuacrxn n ]opme ysxnx, cnntno
ntrxnyrtx rpeyrontnnxon, yron nepmnnt xoroptx ne npentmaer 17. Hnora oporn n ntrxnyrte
7
rpeyrontnte nnomaxn raxxe pacxoxrcx neepom ns onoro nenrpa. Haxonen, cpen ncero +roro
xaoca nnnn, opor n nnomaox paspocano necxontxo ecxrxon rnranrcxnx nsopaxenn
xnnorntx, pacrenn (?) n xaxnx-ro ]anracrnuecxnx cymecrn. 3rn nsopaxennx onee ncero
nsnecrnt unrarenxm, no o nnx uame ncero ynomnnamr anropt, nnmymne o Hacxe. Ha pncynxe 77
npnneent n onom macmrae 11 nanonee rnnnuntx raxnx nsopaxenn. 3rn pncynxn
sacnyxnnamr roro, urot o nnx paccxasart noponee.

3oonapx rnran1on

Hpexe ncero neoxonmo ormernrt ontmne pasmept I +rnx pncynxon. Tax, ona ns camtx
neontmnx ]nryp I nsopaxenne nayxa na pncynxe 77 (11) nmeer nonepeunnx nopxxa 45
merpon, n ro npemx xax nnna smeemexn (5) ontme 250 merpon. Oxnarnrt nsrnxom raxym
]nrypy c nonepxnocrn semnn n nonxrt, uro +ro raxoe, nenosmoxno. nx +roro nyxno nnn nonxrtcx
na napy coren merpon na semne, nnn xe, nx c xomnacom n pynerxo nont nnnnn pncynxa n
nocneonarentno nanocx na nncr ymarn nce ee nonoport, cocrannrt n ymentmennom macmrae nnan
n no nemy yxe nonxrt, xy ns xy.

Bce ]nrypt npeentno ynpoment. 3ro cxopee ne nsopaxennx xaxnx-ro xonxperntx
xnnorntx, a nx rpa]nuecxne cnmnont. B cnxsn c +rnm ne ncera moxno ynepenno onpeennrt, xaxo
nn xnnorntx nsopaxen. Tax, nsopaxenne (1) na pncynxe 77 n nnreparype nastnamr xonopom,
xorx xnmn y +ro nrnnt nsopaxen cxopee raxo, xax y ancra.
Hsopaxenne (4) nastnamr ro xmepnne, ro xpoxonnom. 3meemexa (5) ornnuaercx
or peantnoro nporornna (nrnnt c raxnm nasnannem, xnnyme n Hnnn) n rpn pasa onee nnnno
mee; a yx xnmna raxo nnnt, xax na +rom nsopaxennn, ner nn y ono nrnnt na 3emne. V
xnra (9) nsopaxent ymn (?) n rax anee. Fontme pyrnx ne nonesno pncynxy, xoropt
nastnamr ro octmnnorom, ro noopocntm, ro epenom (6).
B cnoe npemx mnoro pasronopon tno noxpyr nsopaxennx (11), no xro-ro ns nonoron
pemnn, uro +ro nsopaxenne nayxa ns poa puuuy.e. 3rn xpomeunte nayuxn xnnyr n necno
8
nocrnnxe n amasoncxo centne n ornnuamrcx nmontrno anaromnuecxo erantm: xonynxrnnnt
opran y nx camnon pacnonaraercx na nore (ero, xcrarn, moxno ynnert nnmt c nomomtm
ynennunrentnoro crexna). Ho, xax mne xaxercx, n ornomennn nacxancxoro nsopaxennx +ror nonor
omncx, no noonte xe xonynxrnnnte oprant ecrt n na pyrnx nsopaxennxx: nanpnmep, y
xonnpn (2) n oestxnt (8). Conepmenno xcno, uro +ro ne nsopaxenne xaxoro-ro oprana
xnnornoro, a rpa]nuecxax erant, c nomomtm xoropo pncynox cnxstnaercx c certm nnnn na
nonepxnocrn namnt.
Cpen nsopaxenn nonaamrcx ne noxoxne nn na onn nn xnnorntx. Hpnmepom xnnxercx
nsopaxenne 10 +ro xaxo-ro ec]opmennt memox c nymx orpocrxamn n nne uenoneuecxnx
pyx, npnuem ona pyxa nxrnnanax, a nropax uertpexnanax. Hpana, M. Bontren xaxnm-ro
opasom yxnrpnnact pacnosnart n +rom pncynxe... cnxmym oestxny (!) Ho anntm M. Paxe,
cpen pncynxon npeonaamr nsopaxennx nrnn (nx 18), sarem cneymr mopcxne onrarenn.
Bce pncynxn ntnonnent ono nenpeptnno nnnne, xoropax nnre ne nepecexaer camy
cex n, ntnonnnn nce ecuncnennte nonoport, nosnpamaercx x ncxono rouxe, no, xax npannno,
coennxercx ne c ne, a c cncremo nnnn nnn nnomaox na mecrnocrn. Hopaxamr neantnax
conpxxennocrt xpnntx, ntcouamax rapmonnx pncynxon, nx xaxax-ro maremarnuecxax
npannntnocrt n nonnoe orcyrcrnne xaxo-nno +monnonantno oxpacxn nsopaxenn. He cnyuano
x. Xoxnnc rax ntpasnncx no nonoy nacxancxnx nsopaxenn: Xnsnt n ay samopoxenno
maremarnxn! A nccneonarentnnna Hacxn A.T. Fenoxont 9 paccxastnaer, uro nporpammncrt
3BM, xoroptm ona, ne oxcnxx, uro +ro, noxastnana nacxancxne pncynxn, ennoymno saxnnxnn:
3ro napnconano rpa]onocrponrenem!
Hanecrn noont pncynox na nonepxnocrt namnt npyunym eme cnoxnee, uem nponecrn
neantno npxmym nnnnm. Kaxnm xe opasom +ro tno ntnonneno? Mapnx Paxe 1 npenonoxnna,
uro nnent (xoropte, no ee yexennm, n conepmnnn +ror rpyono nonnr) nnauane pnconann
moent nsopaxennx, a sarem nepenocnnn na mecrnocrt ero ynennuennym xonnm. He snax
nnctmennocrn, onn, xax ona cunraer, ntnyxent tnn nce nponopnnn pncynxa yepxnnart n yme.
Pnconann no xnerouxam, a xpnnte nnnnn c nomomtm nepenxn n nnroro xontmxa, nx uero
npenapnrentno nyxno tno onpeennrt nennunny panyca +ro xpnno n mecro, re nyxno tno
sanrt xontmex. Kax onn ymypxnnct +ro ntuncnxrt, Paxe ne coomaer, no oannxer, uro cenart
+ro neoxonmo tno upesntuano rouno, no orxnonenne ncero n necxontxo mmon morno t
ncnoprnrt nce nponopnnn, xoropte, xax mt nnnm n; a+po]orocnnmxax, npenocxont.
Eme antme ner M. Bontren 8. Ona cunraer, uro nnent-ueprexnnxn onxnt tnn
npenapnrentno nanecrn na mecrnocrn nent px ncnomorarentntx xpyron n xnaparon, uro onn
nontsonannct enntm moynem nsmepennx panntm 3,34 merpa, n ero nponsnontmn, xoropte onn
nonyuann, ymnoxax +ry nennunny na cemt, nocemt nnn xopent xnaparnt ns nyx (n +ro, ne snax
nnctmennocrn?). H Paxe, n Bontren crtnnno ymanunnamr o rom, uro nnxaxnx cneon nn
xnerouex, nn +rnx ncnomorarentntx xpyron n xnaparon na mecrnocrn ne onapyaeno. H, cxaxnre
ne mnnocrt, xax moxno tno c nomomtm nepenxn n xontmxa napnconart na mecrnocrn neantno
]opmt nonym cnnpant nonepeunnxom 320 merpon (pnc. 78)? A noontx cnnpane n Hacxe
onapyxeno oxono cra!

Bnnmo, nonnmax neyenrentnocrt npenoxenno
rnnorest nepenox n xontmxon, Mapnx Paxe n xonne
xonnon tna ntnyxena npnsnart, uro ...pennne nepyannt
onxnt tnn nontsonartcx nncrpymenramn n
oopyonannem, o xoroptx nam nnuero ne nsnecrno n xoropte
nornnn nmecre c pennnmn snannxmn, ycxontsnyn or
nnnmannx xonxncraopon, xoroptx ne nnrepeconano nnuero,
xpome coxponnm. Hntmn cnonamn, ona npnsnaercx, uro
nepnotrnoe omecrno c nomomtm npnmnrnnntx meroon n
nncrpymenron ocymecrnnrt noont nonnr HE MOIAO.
Ecrt eme ono yrnepxenne Tax uro xe ocraercx or
narpnornuecxoro saxnnennx cnntopt Bontren9 H ecnn
nnent oxonymontx npemen ne nmenn nnxaxo
nosmoxnocrn ocymecrnnrt npoexr Hacxa, ro KTO,
KOIA, KAK n 3AHEM nce +ro cenan?
9
3onnponanne uec1noc1n?

Hsyuenne nacxancxnx marepnanon noxastnaer, uro nect +ror xaneocxon nsopaxenn
cocronr ns necxontxnx nx rnnon, xoropte naxnatnamrcx onn na pyro, ynnuroxax uacrnuno nnn
nonnocrtm npetymne. Hocneonarentnocrt nanecennx nsopaxenn tna cneymme:
1. Cnauana tna sanoxena cert onopntx rouex, ns xoroptx n pasntx nanpannennxx tnn
nponeent ronxne nnnnn pasno nnnt (nexoropoe xonnuecrno ronxnx nnnn tno raxxe
nponeeno ononnnrentno, mnnyx onopnte rouxn).
2. 3arem tnn nsopaxent ]nrypt xnnorntx n pyrne cnmnonnuecxne pncynxn. Kax
npannno, nnnnx nx xonrypa coennxercx c ono ns ronxnx npxmtx nnnn, xax t ntxox ns nee n
nosnpamaxct oparno.
3. Hanecent oporn.
4. Cosant nnomante ]nrypt (rpeyrontnnxn, rpanennn n nonoct), npnuem nonoct onnx
nanpannenn nepexo naxnatnamrcx na nonoct pyrnx nanpannenn (ro ecrt tno necxontxo
cran nx nanecennx).



Cxasannoe nnnmcrpnpyer pncynox 79, re npocnexnnamrcx crann paort na onom
xonxpernom yuacrxe namnt. Bnauane tna sanoxena cert ronxnx nnnn (1). K ono ns nnx
nocoennen pncynox nayxa (2). Ha nce +ro nanoxena cert opor (3). 3arem nocneonano
nponeenne necxontxnx nemnpoxnx nonoc (4), n cnom ouepet nepexptrtx mnpoxo nonoco (5)
pyroro nanpannennx.
A na pncynxe 80, npecrannxmmem na pyrnx yuacrxa, nnno, xax nonoct uacrnuno
ynnuroxamr cert ronxnx nnnn n crnnnsonannte ]nrypt nrnn. Kcrarn, +rn pncynxn
cnnerentcrnymr npornn roremno rnnorest, xax n npornn rnnorest o rom, uro nsopaxennx
npenasnauannct nx npnnneuennx nnnmannx neoxnrene. Ho nonyuaercx, uro cosarenn
nsopaxenn n namne nonce ne opoxnnn nsopaxennxmn xnnorntx re tnn nnmt +ranom n nx
noxa nenonxrno paore. He npoxonr n rnnoresa o rom, uro ono nnemx nsopaxano na
nonepxnocrn nycrtnn cnon roremt, a pyroe, npaxenoe, ecxart, nx ynnuroxano. Kax nnno na
rom xe pncynxe, roremt ynnuroxent ne nonnocrtm, a uacrnuno, xpome roro, nx ynnuroxennx
nsopaxennx ne tno neoxonmocrn coopyxart nonocy no mnoro pas ontme nnoman, uem camo
+ro nsopaxenne. Cam xapaxrep nsopaxenn, crenent nx coxpannocrn ronopxr o rom, uro npoexr
Hacxa ocymecrnnxnn onn n re xe ncnonnnrenn, +ran sa +ranom.
A renept nosnparnmcx x xapre onoro ns yuacrxon namnt (pnc. 76), xoropym mt yxe xparxo
paccmarpnnann. B pacnonoxennn nnomaox (n uacrn ronxnx nnnn) ormeuaercx onpeenennax
saxonomepnocrt. A nmenno: ontmnncrno nnomaox (onn sect nmemr npenmymecrnenno ]opmy
cnntno ntrxnyrtx rpeyrontnnxon) opnenrnponano no onomy ns nyx nanpannenn: C3 345
RB 165 n CB 70 R3 250 (ntxnneno crarncrnuecxnm anannsom). Taxnm opasom, ntrxnyrte
nnomaxn yxnatnamrcx na mecrnocrn n npannntnym cert ns cnerxa cxomenntx npxmoyrontnnxon
10
(+ra cert na pncynxe nsopaxena xnpntmn nnnnxmn). Cnpocnre nmoro reonora, uro moxer
osnauart raxax crpyxrypa, n nam ornerxr, uro +ro, cxopee ncero, cert axrnnntx pasnomon n semno
xope.
Ha pncynxe 76 nymx xnpntmn mrpnxontmn nnnnxmn ntenena cymnpornax nonoca
mnpnno oxono 800 merpon, x xoropo npnypoueno ontmnncrno nnomaox. Ha nam nsrnx, +ra
nonoca moxer xnnxrtcx sono xpynnoro pasnoma, nosmoxno rnynnnoro, cymepnnonantnte xe
pasnomt (C3 345) no ornomennm x +ro sone xnnxmrcx rax nastnaemtmn onepxmmnmn. Kcrarn,
+ro nanpannenne (C3 345) nouepxnnaercx nanpannennem ne rontxo ntrxnyrtx nnomaox, no n
ronxnx nnnn, xoropte xax t npoonxamr +rn nnomaxn.
Honyuaercx nmontrnt ntno: cosarenn nacxancxo ronononomxn pasmemann cnon
ounmennte or menx nnomaxn n sonax pasnomon! Onn ncxann +rn sont, cnauana xax t
namyntnax nx, a sarem cyxax sony noncxon.
Vmecrno eme pas nanomnnrt unrarenxm, uro axrnnnte reonornuecxne pasnomt n semno
xope xnnxmrcx +nepronactmenntmn sonamn. 3ect n ropntx nopoax naxannnnamrcx cnntnte
nanpxxennx, paspxxa xoroptx npnnonr x semnerpxcennxm, n +rnx sonax nanmamrcx anomantnoe
+nexrpomarnnrnoe none, rennonte noroxn n pyrne xnnennx. 3rn sont, xax npannno, xnnxmrcx
reonarorenntmn orpnnarentno nnnxmmnmn na xnnte cymecrna, no n nnx, no conpemenntm
npecrannennxm (cm. ntme), renepnpymrcx momnte nonnonte ropcnonnte noroxn. Hepyancxo-
unnncxax namna xnnxercx onnm ns nanonee +nepronactmenntx paonon 3emnn. 3ect, no
conpemenntm anntm, nponcxonr cronxnonenne nyx xpynntx nnroc]epntx nnnr 3emnn:
Tnxooxeancxo n Rxnoamepnxancxo. B sone xonraxra An c Tnxooxeancxo nnnro uacro
nponcxoxr semnerpxcennx, n rom uncne xaracrpo]nuecxo cnnt (xax, nanpnmep, ro, uro
onycromnno unnncxoe noepexte n 1970 roy), sect mnoro axrnnntx pasnomon, nynxanon,
nepnonuecxn nponcxoxr nepememennx noxon semno xopt.
Mt ne snaem, sauem anropam nacxancxo rpa]nxn nyxnt tnn +nepronactmennte
yuacrxn namnt, no onn xnno nx ncxann. Btmeormeuennte +rant nx paort tnn cranxmn
pemennx +ro saaun. Bnauane saxnatnanact cert onopntx rouex. Hs nnx n pasntx nanpannennxx
npoxnatnannct noncxonte nnnnn sonnponannx semno xopt. Kaxnm opasom npononnoct camo
sonnponanne, nensnecrno, mt nnnm na mecrnocrn nnmt mapmpyr (nnnnm), cnoero poa cne,
ocranmncx na nonepxnocrn namnt.
Anna Tapaconna Fenoxont [9] nnepnme nmcxasana rnno1esy, uro +ro sonnponanne
npononnoct ncrannnonno, r. e. c onpeenenno ntcort, a orneuarxn, ocranmnecx na nonepxnocrn
nycrtnn (nnnnn, pncynxn), nosmoxno, pesyntrar nsanmoecrnnx xaxoro-ro nna +neprnn c
rpynrom. 3ro nsanmoecrnne ocymecrnnxnoct cnepxy, ns sanncanmero na onpeenenno ntcore
annapara, c nomomtm xaxoro-ro nyua (rnna nasepnoro nnn rpannrannonnoro, nyuxa uacrnn ntcoxnx
+neprn). Moentm noontx ecrnn ceronx xnnxercx panonoxannonnax cemxa mecrnocrn c
nepronera, camonera nnn cnyrnnxa 3emnn: ysxn c]oxycnponannt nyuox panononn npoeraer no
nonepxnocrn semnn ony opoxxy sa pyro (+ror nponecc nastnaercx crauupoeauue+), n na +xpane
npnemnoro ycrpocrna nonoca sa nonoco ntcneunnaercx nsopaxenne orpaxennoro cnrnana
(npana, n ornnune or roro, uro tno n Hacxe, namn panonoxaropt ne ocrannxmr na semne cneon n
nne ysxnx nonoc copannoro nonepxnocrnoro menx).
Henontno ncnomnnaercx cron cnera, xoropt men nnepen nnemenn Moncex no
nycrtne (cm. rnany Cxnnnx). He raxnm nn cronom onepnponann n cosarenn nacxancxoro
peyca? Heuro noonoe ynomnnaercx raxxe n nexoroptx conpemenntx y]onornuecxnx
coomennxx, xora, no cnnerentcrnam ouennnen, ns sanncmero HHO x semne nporxrnnaercx
senent nyu, nponsnoxmn crpannoe anrnrpannrannonnoe nosecrnne: on cnocoen nonnmart
n nosyx nme, xnnorntx n npemert, axe raxne maccnnnte, xax anromonnn.
O rom, uro pncynxn Hacxn nanocnnnct ncrannnonno, cnepxy, cnnerentcrnyer ncxaxennax,
xax t nepexomennax n pacrxnyrax ]opma nexoroptx ns nnx (xonopa, xonnpn, coaxn n
pyrnx). Taxoe ncxaxenne xonrypon morno nmert mecro n rex cnyuaxx, xora pncynox
npoexrnponancx na nonepxnocrt semnn ne npxmo no sanncmnm na onpeenenno ntcore annaparom,
ro ecrt no yrnom 90 x nonepxnocrn semnn, a no onee ocrptm yrnom x ropnsonry (xcrarn,
noonoe ncxaxenne ne nmeno t mecra, ecnn t pncynxn nanocnnnct nasemntmn meroamn,
cxaxem, no xnerouxam).
Ftno pemeno nponepnrt +ry rnnoresy, nontranmnct rpanc]opmnponart ono ns raxnx
nepexomenntx nsopaxenn xonopa o nopmantnoro cnmmerpnunoro nna, urot
onpeennrt, no xaxnm yrnom x ropnsonry n c xaxo ntcort tn ntnonnen +ror pncynox. Ho moe
11
npocte +ro npeopasonanne ntnonnnn onenr xa]ept reoesnn n xaprorpa]nn Knencxoro
ynnnepcnrera nmenn Benuenxo Fonap C.H., sa uro x ntpaxam emy ncxpennmm naroapnocrt.
Hpeopasonanne pncynxa tno cenano nymx meroamn c nomomtm xomntmrepa (nporpamma
Adobe Photoshop 5.0), a raxxe c nomomtm ]ororpanc]opmaropa uTM. Pesyntrart npnneent na
pncynxe 81.


Hpeopasonannt xonop npanax uacrt pnc. 81, oosnauennax yxno (F), nmeer
onee cnmmerpnunt nn: nnnnx xptnten nepnennxynxpna x ocn rena n r. n. Hpn +rom nannyumne
pesyntrart tnn nonyuent, xora npeopasonanne npononnoct no nnnnn, noxasanno na neno
uacrn pncynxa (A). 3ra nnnnx nmeer nanpannenne BCB 92. Hpocmorp a+po]orocnnmxa +roro
yuacrxa namnt (on npnnonrcx n xnnre M. Bontren 8) noxasan, uro +1a nnnnn ec1t n na
uec1noc1n! Ona nporxrnnaercx no romy xe asnmyry BCB 92 or onopno rouxn E uepes rouxy I
o nsopaxennx xonopa (cm. rpeyrontnnx, sannrt rymtm, na pnc. 76). Ho onrtcx nonno
cnmmerpnn c nomomtm npocroro npeopasonannx nsopaxennx nonoporom ero noxpyr onpeenenno
ocn ne yaercx: nenax nana n nenax nononnna xnocra ocramrcx ontme npantx. Hpocmorp
a+po]orocnnmxa noxasan, uro nenax nnxnxx uacrt nsopaxennx xonopa naxnatnaercx na
nernyoxym nomnny na nonepxnocrn namnt, no+romy nenax nana n nenax uacrt xnocra nrnnt
pacrxnyrt ontme, uem ocrantnax uacrt nsopaxennx, npoexrnponanmaxcx na ponnym nonepxnocrt
namnt. 3ra erant ne menxer cyrn rnannoro ntnoa, xoropt cneyer ns +roro +xcnepnmenra:
noonoe ncxaxenne ]opmt pncynxa morno nponsorn n rom cnyuae, ecnn on npoexrnponancx na
nonepxnocrt namnt no yrnou 14 rpaycon x ropnson1y c nmco1m 355 ue1pon na seunen!
Annapar nncen n nosyxe na onopno rouxo E n ero nyu ueprnn xonopa no yrnom 14 x
ropnsonry na paccroxnnn oxono 1 400 merpon (no ropnsonrann) or onopno rouxn E. Ecrecrnenno,
x ne yrnepxam, uro +ror ntno xnnxercx oxonuarentntm, no +ro yxe onontno nnrepecnax
nn]opmannx x pasmtmnennm.
Hrax, n rex mecrax, re nnnnn noncxonoro sonnponannx nartxannct na +nepronactmennte
yuacrxn, na nonepxnocrn nanocnncx cnmnon (mapxep) n nne crnnnsonannoro nsopaxennx
xnnornoro. Bepoxrno, +rn cnmnont necnn n xaxym-ro xauecrnennym nn]opmannm, nonxrnym nx
rex, xro nmn nontsonancx (xacanmymcx, nanpnmep, xapaxrepncrnx +nepronactmennoro yuacrxa, ero
xon]nrypannn n rax anee). Mt ceronx raxxe mnpoxo nontsyemcx noontmn cnmnonnuecxnmn
crnnnsonanntmn pncynxamn ncnomnnre xorx t snamennrt uepen co cxpemenntmn xocrxmn
(cnmnon onacnocrn), opoxnte snaxn nnn ycnonnte oosnauennx na ronorpa]nuecxnx xaprax. Hrax,
na +rane npenapnrentnoro noncxa onapyxnnannct n mapxnponannct na mecrnocrn yuacrxn, re n
antnemem moxno tno npononrt erantnte paort.
Ha saxnmunrentnom +rane paort na raxom yuacrxe yrounxnnct napamerpt anomantno
sont n nponsnonncx cem +neprnn (cxaxem, nx sapxxn xaxnx-ro axxymynxropon). B pesyntrare
+ro nponeypt na nonepxnocrn namnt ocrannct ontmne rpeyrontnnxn, rpanennn n nonoct c
nsmenenno crpyxrypo nount (cnxrtm, xax t cyrtm n cropont nonepxnocrntm menem).
Kaxnm opasom nepememancx +ror meent, nouemy ynpannct nnmt remnte xamnn n
12
ocranannct nerponyrtmn necox n rnnna? Bosmoxno, nocxasxo xnnxercx nmenno remnax xopouxa
na nonepxnocrn xamne. Ona, xax yxe ynomnnanoct, opasyercx na xamnxx n nycrtnxx sa cuer
pasnnnt nenno n nouno remneparyp. Houtm nexamne na nonepxnocrn xamnn oxnaxamrcx, n ns
rnynnt nount x nx nonepxnocrn no xannnnxpam nonnmaercx nounennax nnara c pacrnopenntmn n
ne conxmn. nem xamnn naxanxmrcx, noa ncnapxercx, n na nonepxnocrn xamnx ocaxamrcx conn,
rnanntm opasom coennennx xenesa n mapranna. 3a mnorne rot na nonepxnocrn xamne napacraer
remnax xopouxa ronmnno n onn mnnnnmerpon. Ho net raxax xopouxa onxna nmert ocote
marnnrnte cnocrna. He sa cuer nn marnnrntx cnn nonnmannct n orpactnannct n cropont or
nnnn remnte xamnn? Cneonano t c nomomtm uyncrnnrentntx marnnromerpon onpeennrt
cnocrna remntx xamne xax rex, uro nexar na nerponyrtx yuacrxax namnt, rax n rex, uro tnn
nepemement. Bosmoxno, n copanntx c nonepxnocrn nount xamnxx ocranoct naneennoe
marnnrnoe none. Hpononrt raxne nccneonannx nyxno n rex mecrax, re onn nexar nerponyrtmn, n
uacrnocrn, merno neyromnmo Mapnn Paxe. Pyxonocrnyxct camtmn optmn noyxennxmn,
ona cnonm nomerannem morna ynnuroxnrt xaxne-ro naxnte cnet nosecrnnx na nouny.
Eme pas oparnmcx x xapre (pnc. 76), rounee, x ee yuacrxy, oosnauennomy n nne
npxmoyrontnnxa co cnoenntm xonrypom. B xnnre Mapnn Paxe npnnonrcx a+po]orocnnmox +roro
yuacrxa, cenannt c nepronera. Ha pncynxe 82 npnnonrcx cxema emn]pnponannx +roro yuacrxa,
ntnonnennax mnom. Cnnmox +ror ne nnanont, a nepcnexrnnnt, ro ecrt yuacrox no npemx cemxn
pacnonarancx ne no nepronerom, a coxy or nero, ]orocemxa nponsnonnact no ocrptm yrnom x
ropnsonry, no+romy ]opma oexron na cnnmxe ncxaxena sa cuer nepcnexrnnt.

Ha cnnmxe nnnt mnorouncnennte nnnnn, oporn n nnomaxn, a raxxe necxontxo ]nryp
smeemexa, nryana n napa cnnpane. Cneyer cxasart, uro yuacrxn, noxptrte nnomaxamn,
reonornuecxomy emn]pnponannm nourn ne noamrcx (yanenne nonepxnocrnoro menx enaer
nonepxnocrt ouent cnerno, n +ro macxnpyer rnynnnoe crpoenne mecrnocrn). Ho na yuacrxax, ne
noxptrtx nonocamn, yanoct onosnart necxontxo xontnentx crpyxryp (noxasant mrpnxontmn
nnnnxmn). 3ro, xax yxe ormeuanoct (cm. rnany Cxnnnx), ocote reonornuecxne crpyxrypt,
opasonannte ntxoom ns ontmnx rnynn na nonepxnocrt semnn noroxon +neprnn n nemecrna
(renna, pacrnopon, rason), ro ecrt onn, xax n axrnnnte pasnomt, xnnxmrcx necranntntmn,
+nepronactmenntmn yuacrxamn semno xopt.
ne xontnente crpyxrypt na +rom yuacrxe tnn sameuent n mapxnponant remn, xro
pacueprnn Hacxy. B nenrpe ono ns nnx (npanax uacrt cnnmxa) nanecena cnnpant, xoropax, xax
ormeuanoct ntme (cm. rnany Kamennte mamnnt), morna ntnonnxrt pont cnoeopasno nnnst,
ycnnnnamme norox ropcnonnoro nonx. Ha ]one nropo, mnoroxontneno crpyxrypt (nenax uacrt
cnnmxa) napnr nrnna c nsnnnammecx smenno mee (smeemexa). Oparnre nnnmanne, uro
mex +ro nrnnt nsrnaercx n rex mecrax, re ona nepecexaer cocrannte uacrn (xontna) +ro
crpyxrypt. Pasnax amnnnrya nsrnon moxer trt noxasarenem pasno nennunnt +nepronoroxa n
orentntx xontnentx sonax.
13
3meemexa ne coennena c cncremo ronxnx nnnn na mecrnocrn, no ee rynonnme,
pacnonaraxct napannentno camo mnpoxo nonoce (camomy momnomy pasnomy), xnnxercx
yxasarenem. 3ro nanpannenne eme ontme nouepxnyro rnneprpo]nponanno nnnntm xnmnom +ro
nrnnt.
Hsopaxenne nryant, naoopor, ynxsano c ronxnmn nnnnxmn nepno crannnn paort. Ee
norn xax t ntpacramr ns nyx ronxnx nnnn, xnnxxct nx npoonxennem, nepxnxx xe nonepxnocrt
nnxne uenmcrn nexnr na rperte ronxo nnnnn. Xnocr nryant ynnpaercx n neontmym
xontnenym crpyxrypy, nourn nonnocrtm sarymenannym nanoxenno na nee nonoco. Oparnre
nnnmanne raxxe na nyuox ns uertpex napannentntx nnnn n nepxnem nenom yrny pncynxa (mt
paccmorpnm noonte crpyxrypt uyrt nnxe).
A renept necxontxo npnmepon roro, xax nmenno nponsnonncx noncx +nepronactmenntx
yuacrxon na saxnmunrentnom +rane paort remn, xro +ro nce enan. Cpen nsopaxenn Hacxn
nccneonarenn ntenxmr rnn pncynxon, xoropte ycnonno nastnamr xnyramn. 3ro ouent ysxne
rpeyrontnnxn nnn oporn, x onomy ns xonnon xoroptx npncoennena ronxax nsnnnammaxcx nnn
snrsaronoonax nnnnx. Knyrt otuno ynxsant c cnmnonnuecxnmn nsopaxennxmn, no
nanocnnnct nosxe nx. Paccmorpnm necxontxo npnmepon raxnx crpyxryp.



Hpnuep 1. Ha pncynxe 83 nnna rnnnunax nx Hacxn cnnpant. Bnemnn ee xonen nepexonr
n xoporxym npxmym nnnnm. Or ee xonna orxonr ronxax snrsaroopasnax nnnnx (pement xnyra).
Btnonnnn cemt napannentntx snrsaron, ona npenpamaercx n ysxn nnnnt rpeyrontnnx
(pyxoxrxy xnyra), naxnatnammncx n na +rn snrsarn, n na cnnpant.
Osncnenne. Hpenapnrentntmn noncxamn tn onapyxen yuacrox c ntcoxo
+neprernxo. On mapxnponan pncynxom cnnpann, a nanpannenne (npocrnpanne) yuacrxa yxasano
npxmonnnentm npoonxennem cnnpantno nnnnn. Ha saxnmunrentnom +rane paort (nosmoxno,
cnycrx nexoropoe npemx) nyu anromarnuecxoro ycrpocrna, naunnax or xonna cnnpann n n yxasannom
+ro nnnne nanpannennn, ntnnctnaer no nonepxnocrn semnn cepnm snrsaron, yrounxx mnpnny n
npocrnpanne anomantnoro yuacrxa. nx +roro nonaonnoct nponecrn cemt snrsaron. Hocne +roro
nyu nepenonrcx n nepmnny ntuncnennoro rpeyrontnoro yuacrxa, n nponcxonr cem +neprnn (nnn
sannct xaxo-ro nn]opmannn?) c sont axrnnnoro pasnoma.
14
Hpnuep 2 (pnc. 84). Vuacrox c pncynxamn epena n memxa c pyxamn (cnxme
oestxnt, no M. Bontren). Or epena orxonr ronxax nnnnx. Btnonnnn necxontxo
npxmoyrontntx snrsaron, ona nepexonr n pyxoxrxy xnyra (nnnnt ysxn rpeyrontnnx).
Osncnenne. Hanpannenne anomantnoro yuacrxa, onapyxennoro na +rane
npenapnrentntx noncxon, tno mapxnponano napannentntmn ocxmn nyx pncynxon epena n
memxa, a ero npnmepnax mnpnna paccroxnnem mexy +rnmn nsopaxennxmn. Bnnmo, n
pncynxax samn]ponana n npnmepnax nnna anomantnoro yuacrxa. Ha saxnmunrentnom +rane paort
naunnaercx oxonrypnnanne yuacrxa. Hyu annapara nnauane ntnonnxer na ysxnx npxmoyrontntx
snrsara nanpornn memxa. 3ect nnuero ne onapyxeno. Tora nyu nepenonrcx n nonocy noncxon
nanpornn epena. Tpertnm snrsarom roxe nnuero ne onapyxeno. Honoca noncxa eme ontme
cyxaercx. Bnpoxnm snrsarom anomantnt yuacrox cxnauen (nnnnx noncxa crana ronme).
Hocnenn nonysnrsar yrounxmmn nnny yuacrxa n nonoxenne nepmnnt rpeyrontnnxa. anee
annapar nepenonrcx n pexnm cema +neprnn, npnuem n xonne rpeyrontnnx (pyxoxrxa xnyra)
naxnatnaercx na nonocy pyroro nanpannennx, orpaorannym pantme.

Hpnuep 3 (pnc. 85). 3namennrax oestxna c reomerpnuecxnm opamnennem (no
ntpaxennm Paxe).
Osncnenne. Konrypnt pncynox oestxnt (2) coennen c ono ns ronxnx noncxontx
nnnn (1). Pncynox nmontren nymx cnonmn ocoennocrxmn. Bo-nepntx, xnocr oestxnt
cxpyuen n rnnnunym nonym cnnpant, xaxnx mnoro n Hacxe. Kax mt yxe nnenn, +ro snax
(mapxep), yxastnammn na anomantnt (+nepronactmennt) yuacrox. Bo-nroptx, y ]nrypt
oestxnt ner nnxaxnx nnneno ntrxnyrtx erane. Vxasarenem nanpannennx na anomantnt
yuacrox xnnxmrcx ntrxnyrte nnepe nepxnne nant oestxnt c napannentno pacnonoxenntmn
naonxmn. 3ran erantnoro noncxa +neprernuecxo sont nauancx c nponeennx nyx snrsaron (3)
nnyrpn npocrpancrna mexy nymx napannentntmn nnnnxmn, xaxnmn oestxna coennena c
noncxono nnnne (1). Ouennno, pesyntrart noncxa n +rom cexrope tnn orpnnarentntmn. Hyu
noncxa (4) anee npoxonr nepnennxynxpno romy nanpannennm, na xoropoe yxastnaer oestxna.
Hanpannenne ynonneno, n rpemx snrsaramn (5) n ononnnrentno rouno mcrnponxo (6) nonoca
erantnoro noncxa cyxaercx. Cneymme cepne ns noctmn ysxnx napannentntx snrsaron (7)
oxonuarentno onpeenxmrcx nanpannenne n mnpnna anomantno sont, n nyu npnopa naunnaer
cem +neprnn, pncyx opory (8).
Ananns nocneonarentnocrn n xapaxrepa ecrnn na +rnx rpex yuacrxax, no moemy
mnennm, cnnerentcrnyer n nontsy roro, uro +rn paort ntnonnxnnct anromarom. Tax paoraer ne
uenoneuecxn mosr, a xomntmrep meroom nocneonarentntx npnnnxenn, c nepeopom ncex
nosmoxntx napnanron, ncxnmuammnm omnxn, no saro ntnonnxmmnm maccy nenyxntx
npomexyrountx ecrnn, xoropte uenoneuecxn mosr orcennaer, naxox onee xoporxn nyrt x
pemennm saaun. C +ro rnnoreso cornacyercx n crnnt nacxancxnx nsopaxenn: nce nnnnn ]nryp
15
nponeent aconmrno npannntno, ynepenno, c maremarnuecxo rounocrtm. Tax moxer pnconart
nnmt mamnna neapom xnepnernxn cpasy sanoospnnn, uro pncynxn +rn ntnonnent
rpa]onocrponrenem!

Hauna, npouecannan rpeenxon

B 1989 roy 3pnx ]on ennxen nepean mne xcepoxonnn rpex a+po]orocnnmxon,
cenanntx, no ero cnonam, re-ro n nepyancxo namne, nosmoxno axe n paone Hacxn. Hepean
(no ero cnonam) nx roro, urot x norpennponan uenmcrn, pasrptsax +ror opemex. Kax cxasan
ennxen, on nonyunn +rn cnnmxn uepes rpertn pyxn or xaxoro-ro nepyancxoro nerunxa.
K coxanennm, pyro nn]opmannn, xacammnxcx +rnx cnnmxon (xoopnnart mecrnocrn, ara
cemxn, macmra n rax anee), ne nmeercx. 3naunrentno cnnxaer nosmoxnocrn nsyuennx cnnmxon n
ro ocroxrentcrno, uro nmemrcx nnmt nx xcepoxonnn, a ne ]ororpa]nuecxne orneuarxn. Hontrxn
cnxsartcx c a+po]orocemouno cnyxo Hepy (Servicio Aerofotografico National) n Hnme, urot
npnnxsart cnnmxn x mecrnocrn n nonyunrt ononnnrentnym nn]opmannm, noxa ne ann
pesyntraron. Tem ne menee cnnmxn nacrontxo nnrepecnt, uro sect yyr npnneent nexoropte
npenapnrentnte pesyntrart nx nsyuennx.

Cocrnenno ronopx, nmeercx onn cnnmox, a na pyrnx xnnxmrcx ynennuenntmn nnoe
xonnxmn orentntx ero yuacrxon. Cnnmox xnnxercx nnanontm n ntnonnen na npo]eccnonantnom
yponne. Hsopaxennax na cnnmxax mecrnocrt ne ornnuaercx or nepyancxo-unnncxo namnt (ecnn
cynrt o ne no nynnxannxm) +ro raxoe xe ropnoe nnaro, pacunenennoe na ]parmenrt onparamn
n cyxnmn peuntmn onnnamn. Mecrnocrt xnno sacymnnnax, no na ne orcyrcrnymr xaxne-nno
npnsnaxn pacrnrentnocrn, ner nnxaxnx nnanrann. Ormeuamrcx pexne xonen or npoexanmnx no
nennne anromonne n rpaxropon. Ha onom ns yuacrxon pacnonoxent na neontmnx npya,
coopyxenntx n onnne pyutx c nomomtm npnmnrnnntx semnxntx am, cenanntx yntosepom
(pnc. 86). Bnpnna opos or noxa yntosepa na cnnmxe cocrannxer 1,8 mnnnnmerpa. Hocxontxy
nox y ontmnncrna rnnon yntosepon nmeer mnpnny rpn-uertpe merpa, ro orcma npnmepnt
macmra +roro cnnmxa oxono 1:2000, a ocnonnoro cnnmxa, coornercrnenno, oxono 1:4000. Kcrarn,
+rn na npya moryr trt ncnontsonant nx npnnxsxn cnnmxa x xapre (ecnn rontxo onn nanecent
na ronorpa]nuecxne xaprt).
Pesyntrart emn]pnponannx cnnmxa npnnoxrcx na pncynxe 87. Hamna, xax n n pyrnx
mecrax nepyancxo-unnncxoro noepextx, pacunenena na orentnte onee nnn menee ponnte
(nnocxne) yuacrxn, nonxrte na pasnnunym ntcory. Ieonorn cunramr noonoe pesyntrarom
axrnnnsannn pente]a n neoren-anrponorenonym +noxy. B uacrnocrn, na paccmarpnnaemom yuacrxe
nanmamrcx na yponnx ]parmenron penne pannnnt: onee nnsxn (1) n onee ntcoxn (2). He
nmex crepeonapt cnnmxa, rpyno cynrt, nacxontxo yuacrxn 2 nonxrt ntme yuacrxon 1; moxno
ymart, uro na napy coren merpon.
Ha nonepxnocrn yuacrxon pasnnuaercx snaxomax nam no Hacxe cert ronxnx npxmtx nnnn n
opor (na pncynxe 86 nnno ony ns raxnx opor, uacrnuno ynnuroxennym yntosepom,
creanmnm nounennt cno). B nenrpantno uacrn cnnmxa emn]pnpymrcx rpn xontnente
16
crpyxrypt; n nenrpe ono ns nnx na nonepxnocrn nanecena rnnnunax nx Hacxn cnnpant. Ha nnnnn
n oporn naxnatnamrcx nnomaxn rnna rex, uro npncyrcrnymr na nacxancxo namne. Onn-ro n
npecrannxmr rnannym ocoennocrt +rnx cnnmxon. eno n rom, uro n ornnune or ncex nacxancxnx
rpanenn, ntrxnyrtx rpeyrontnnxon, npecrannxmmnx coo npocro nnocxne yuacrxn co cnxrtm n
cnanenntm no nx xpaxm menem, nnomaxn na paccmarpnnaemtx cnnmxax pacuepuent ronxnmn
napannentntmn nnnnxmn (onee mnpoxnmn entmn n onee ysxnmn remntmn). Hcxox ns roro
npnmepnoro macmraa cnnmxon, xoropt tn namn ycranonnen, mnpnna +rnx nnnn na mecrnocrn
moxer trt npnnnsnrentno onenena n raxnx npeenax: cnernte oxono 30 canrnmerpon, remnte
oxono 10 canrnmerpon. Taxnm opasom, sect nnna ronxax nnyrpennxx crpyxrypa nnomaox.
A nmenno: onn cocroxr ns cepnn mnorouncnenntx napannentntx nnnn, xaxax ns xoroptx
npecrannxer nonocxy nonepxnocrn co cnxrtm n ynoxenntm pxom c ne remntm menem.

Honocart pncynox nonepxnocrn nnomaox opasonan naxeramn ns uertpex nnnn
nneuarnenne raxono, yro nonepxnocrt namnt nponapanana rpeenxo ns uertpex synon. B +rom
moxno yenrtcx, nanmax nsrnt +roro naxera ns uertpex nonoc n xpaentx uacrxx nexoroptx
nnomaox (pnc. 88), a raxxe pasnym nnny +rnx naxeron n ropnentx uacrxx pacuepuenntx
nnomaox, xoropte no +ro npnunne nmemr crynenuart nn. Hnora nnnt nepexot +roro
naxera c ono ncuepuenno nnomaxn na pyrym noxoxe na ro, xax ecnn t ncnonnnrenn
paort, saxonunn pacuepunnanne ono nnomaxn, satnn ntxnmunrt pnconanmee ycrpocrno no
npemx nepenoa ero na pyro yuacrox. Hecomnenno, uro +ra paora ntnonnxnact xaxnm-ro
mexannuecxnm ycrpocrnom npyunym onrtcx raxo napannentnocrn nnnn n nocroxncrna
mnpnnt nonoc nenosmoxno.
Ipeenxa, napananmax namny, ne sameuana neontmnx neponnocre pente]a (menxnx
noxnnox n yropxon): nnnnn nepecexamr nx, ne npeptnaxct. Ho ecnn na nyrn pnconanmero
ycrpocrna ncrpeuancx rnyoxn onpar nnn onnna, naxer ns uertpex nonoc optnancx n
npoonxancx na pyro cropone onpara crporo n npexnem nanpannennn, xax yro nont nennnmo
nnnexn. Orcma cneyer ntno: pacuepunnanne namnt npononnoct cnepxy, ncrannnonno, n
paouee ycrpocrno, ntnonnxnmee +ry paory (nasonem ero cxannpymmnm), nmeno onpeenennym
(neontmym) rnynny pesxocrn nnn, nyume cxaxem, rnynny cxannponannx. Hcxox ns rnnorest,
uro nnnnn na nonepxnocrn nycrtnn n Hacxe nanocnnnct c nomomtm xaxoro-ro c]oxycnponannoro
+neprernuecxoro nyuxa (nyua) nensnecrno npnpot, moxno cunrart, uro nnomaxn na
paccmarpnnaemom yuacrxe namnt pacuepunnannct c nomomtm ne onoro nyua, a naxera ns uertpex
raxnx nyue, ecrnonanmnx ononpemenno.
Fente (ne noxptrte mrpnxonxo) yuacrxn na pncynxe 87 +ro xpyrte cxnont n optnt,
xoroptmn pasenxmrcx nnocxne yuacrxn namnt. Hanpannenne mrpnxonxn pasnoe na pasntx
yuacrxax, npnuem n onnx cnyuaxx mrpnxonxa napannentna na yuacrxax, pasenenntx rnyoxnmn
onnnamn, a n pyrnx mecrax (na pncynxe yxasant crpenxamn) n npeenax ono n ro xe pannnnt
xonraxrnpymr yuacrxn c pasntm nanpannennem mrpnxonxn. Moxno ntcxasart npenonoxenne, uro
onnaxono mrpnxonxo noxptrt rexronnuecxne noxn ropntx nopo, nmemmne onn n re xe
cnocrna, nanpnmep, xnmnuecxn cocran, crenent nnn nexrop nanpxxenn n ropntx nopoax nnn
uro-ro eme.
Hntmn cnonamn, paccmarpnnaemt paon namnt nnesemnte nocernrenn opaartnann n
na +rana. Ha nepnom +rane npononnact ra xe paora, uro n n paone Hacxn, ro ecrt noncx n
erannsannx son axrnnntx pasnomon. Ho sarem +ra paora tna ononnena nnomantm
npouectnannem mecrnocrn, nox sa noxom. Opaorannte rexronnuecxne noxn ocrannct
nomeuenntmn mrpnxonxo. Hro nmenno enann npecrannrenn uyxo nnnnnnsannn, n nacroxmee
npemx cxasart nentsx. Moxno nnmt npenonoxnrt, uro +ro tno nno cnxrne xaxo-ro
nn]opmannn, nmemmecx n ropntx nopoax, nno, naoopor, sannct nn]opmannn n noxax ropntx
nopo, nno, naxonen, yrnnnsannx xaxoro-ro nna +neprnn, naxonnenno n nnx xe.
17
Manana n maxua1nan ocxa

Hepyancxo-unnncxax namna xpannr eme mnoro n pyrnx saraox. eno n rom, uro +ra
mecrnocrt nnoxo nsyuena ona, xax yxe ynomnnanoct, rpynoocrynna, ornnuaercx xpane
nenaronpnxrntm xnnmarom; xpome roro, camn nsopaxennx na nonepxnocrn namnt moxno
samernrt rontxo cnepxy, c camonera nnn nepronera, a n ro anexo ne ncera, a nnmt npn
onpeenennom xocom ocnemennn (yrpom nnn neuepom), orcyrcrnnn armoc]epno tmxn n pyrnx
ycnonnxx. Tem ne menee nonte orxptrnx sect enamr nopo axe otxnonennte rypncrt. Ona
raxax rypncrxa, xyn Hoyr ns CBA, n 1988 roy no npemx nonera na orporamn rop Hantna ynnena
n c]ororpa]nponana upesntuano nmontrnoe nsopaxenne. 3ror cnnmox tn onynnxonan n
xypnane Ancient Skies (anrnoxstunom ero nsannn) 10. Mne n 1993 roy onenoct oparnrtcx x
mnccnc Hoyr c npocto ntcnart xonnn cnnmxon nx nx nsyuennx, uro ona nmesno n cenana,
npncnan na nnerntx ]oroorneuarxa n ne nx uepno-ente xonnn (ona ns nnx npnneena na
pncynxe 89).


Ha cnnmxax npecrannen onn n ror xe yuacrox mecrnocrn, no cnxrt c nyx pasntx rouex
nonera. 3ro nosnonnno nsyunrt nx c nomomtm crepeocxona n nonyunrt oemnoe (rpexmepnoe)
nsopaxenne mecrnocrn. Kpome roro, nocxontxy cnnmxn cenant no ocrptm yrnom x ropnsonry, nx
npnmnoct c nomomtm cnennantno annaparypt rpanc]opmnponart n nnanonoe nsopaxenne (xax
ecnn t n momenr cemxn camoner naxonncx npxmo na cnnmaemtm yuacrxom n onrnuecxax oct
]oroannapara tna nepnennxynxpno x nonepxnocrn semnn). K coxanennm, orcyrcrnyer ouent
naxnax nn]opmannx, xacammaxcx ycnonn cemxn (nensnecrnt ntcora nonera, ]oxycnoe
paccroxnne ]oroxamept n opnenrnponxa cnnmxa no crpanam cnera), no+romy nexoropte napamerpt
nsopaxennx, cxaxem ero macmra, ocrannct nentxcnenntmn.
Mnccnc Hoyr onapyxnna ouent nnrepecnt pncynox, nanecennt na nonepxnocrn onee
nnn menee ponnoro ropnoro orpora. Hoonoro rnna nsopaxenn pantme na reppnropnn
nepyancxo-unnncxo namnt ne ormeuanoct nnxem. 3ro nsopaxenne (pnc. 90) npecranneno rpemx
rpontmn xpyramn pasntx pasmepon. Kaxt xpyr cocronr ns nenouxn cnerntx rouex,
npecrannxmmnx coo xmxn c yanenntm nonepxnocrntm menem. Konnuecrno xmox, pannomepno
nanecenntx nonnne xpyron, cneymmee (nn]pt cneyer yrounnrt npn onee erantnom, nasemnom
nsyuennn nsopaxennx):
nenrpantnt xpyr: 60 60 60;
nropo no nennunne xpyr: 24 48 48;
camt mant xpyr: 24 60(?) 48.
na mentmnx rpontx xpyra pasenent panantntmn Hnnnxmn na nocemt onnaxontx
cexropon. Henrpantnt, camt ontmo, xpyr oxpyxen nymx nsanmno nepecexammnmncx
xnaparamn, npnuem nepmnnt onoro ns nnx (cm. pncynox) ycnoxnent neontmnmn xnaparamn,
nnnnxmn n rouxamn. B nenrpe camoro ontmoro xpyra nanecena xpecroopasnax ]nrypa ns
neontmnx xnaparnxon n nnnn, a ero nenrpantnax uacrt pasenena nnnnxmn na 16 cexropon Kpome
roro, n npeenax ncero pncynxa nmeercx necxontxo ronxnx npxmtx nnnn pasntx nanpannenn,
18
rnnnuntx nx Hacxn. B nenom nect +ror ueprex nanomnnaer neuro npoe rpancnoprnpa nnn xaxoro-
ro pyroro ueprexnoro npnopa.
Hsyuenne cnnmxon no crepeocxonom noxasano eme ony nmontrnym ocoennocrt
nsopaxennx. Mecrnocrt, na xoropo nsopaxen rpancnoprnp, ne nnonne ponnax. B uacrnocrn,
nenrpantnt, camt ontmo, pncynox uacrnuno naxnatnaercx na nepxonte neontmo cyxo
onnnt (anxn). Tem ne menee xpyr ns cnerntx rouex n ona ns cropon oxnartnammero ero xnapara
ne npeptnamrcx onn xax t npoexrnpymrcx na +ry onnny cnepxy es ncxaxennx cnoe ]opmt
(+ro, xax mt nnenn, xnnxercx xapaxrepno ocoennocrtm pncynxon n Hacxe).
B 1997 roy 3. ]on ennxen onynnxonan xnnry o Hacxe 11, n xoropo npnnoxrcx nonte
cnnmxn saraounoro rpancnoprnpa. Onn nosnonnnn mne yrounnrt nexoropte erann
nsopaxennx, noccosannoro no cnnmxam xyn Hoyr. Kpome roro, ennxen onennnaer nonepeunnx
ncero nsopaxennx n xnnomerp, uro nosnonnno onpeennrt npnmepnt macmra ntnonnenntx
mnccnc Hoyr cnnmxon. ennxen raxxe ycranonnn, uro ronxne, cnao pasnnunmte nnnnn, n pasntx
mecrax nepecexammne rpancnoprnp, xnnxmrcx cocranno uacrtm cncremt nnnn Hacxn. Taxnm
opasom, moxno ocrarouno ynepenno cunrart, uro n nacxancxne ueprexn n +ror reomerpnuecxn
ysop eno pyx onnx n rex xe ncnonnnrene.
Hro xe moxer osnauart +ror ueprex, +ror saraount rpancnoprnp, monuannno rnxxmn
nensnecrno cxontxo cronern nnn rtcxuenern n snonoe neo namnt? Henrpantnax ]nrypa
ueprexa (rpono xpyr nnyrpn nyx nepecexammnxcx xnaparon) nanomnnaer manany
pnryantnt ueprex, ncnontsyemt n yncxo mn]onornn Tnera, Monronnn, Knrax n pyrnx
crpan. Cunraercx, uro nepnax manana tna nsroronnena ocnonarenem yncxoro ranrpnsma
Hamacamxano (VIII nex name +pt). Coopynn manany, on nomeman n ee nenrpantnt xpyr rax
nastnaemt opxn (marnuecxn xesn) n npeanancx cemnnennomy nocry n menrannn, nocne uero
n nenrp manant c nea cnycxanoct oxecrno [12].
Hexoropte nccneonarenn, nanpnmep X. n M. Apry+ntec 13, cunramr, uro manant
xnnxmrcx ueprexamn merannrnuecxnx coopyxenn, raxnx xax Croynxenx n pyrne. B cnere
conpemenntx ne o ropcnonntx nonxx +ro mnenne npecrannxercx mne ne nnmenntm cmtcna.
nnxxct ncrounnxom ]opmonoro ropcnonnoro nonx, raxne pncynxn (xonnenrpnuecxnx xpyron,
xnaparon) ecrnonann noono ]oxycnpymmnm ycrpocrnam (nnnsam), ycnnnnax nnn npeopasyx
semnte ropcnonnte noroxn. Bosmoxno, manana n nepyancxo namne ntnonnxna pont
ropcnonnoro nepearunxa, rounee, anrennt ropcnonnoro renecxona. B +ro cnxsn ymecrno
ncnomnnrt ]ynxnnonantno noxoxee conpemennoe ycrpocrno anrenny panorenecxona n
Apecno (Hy+pro-Pnxo). B xauecrne ero anrennt yuente n nnxenept ncnontsonann xparep
noryxmero nynxana, napaonnuecxax nonepxnocrt xoroporo tna noxptra merannnuecxo cerxo.
He raxo nn cerxo ns xpyron, rouex n nnnn tn noxptr yuacrox momnoro ntxoa semnoro
ropcnonnoro nonx n namne? Ouennno, ceronx +ro npenonoxenne nentsx nn nornepnrt, nn
onponeprnyrt n ono xnnxercx nnmt, xax ronopnn neestsnecrnt Brnpnnn, nn]opmanne x
pasmtmnennm.
Moxno norn n namnx npenonoxennxx n antme. He xnnxercx nn ueprex n nepyancxo
namne cnoeopasntm (ropcnonntm) ananorom rponnt nnpamn n Inse? B raxom cnyuae sect, n
namne, mt nnnm onee ntcoxym cranm pasnnrnx ropcnonno rexnonornn. nx coopyxennx
ropcnonnoro nepearunxa n Inse nonaonnoct nosnecrn cnoxnte oemnte coopyxennx ns
nymmynnronoro nsnecrnxxa macco n mnnnnont ronn. Croynxenx n pyrne merannrnuecxne xpyrn
tnn marom nnepe n pasnnrnn +ro rexnonornn: anrennte ycrpocrna crann onee nnocxnmn,
nx nx coopyxennx rpeonanoct ropaso mentme xamnx. Haxonen, mt nnnm nepyancxym manany
conepmenno nnocxoe ycrpocrno, nx coopyxennx xoroporo nonce ne nonaonncx xamennt
marepnan. Hanpamnnaercx nexax ananornx c +nonmnne semno pano+nexrponnxn: namnonte
ycrpocrna nonynpononnxonte cxemt monexynxpnte nnenounte mnxpocxemt.
Heyromnmt 3pnx ]on ennxen orxptn ram xe, n ropax Hantna, neanexo or manant, eme
onn nmontrnt pncynox 11. Herx na camonere or manant n cropony Hacxn nont ono ns
nnnn, on onapyxnn na nonorom cxnone ropt nsopaxenne, nasnannoe nm n myrxy maxmarno
ocxo (pnc. 91). 3ro npxmoyrontnt ysop ns rouex n rnpe, nanomnnammnx xo asyxn Mopse. On
cnoxen nymx cocrtxonanntmn xnaparamn ns 36 nonepeuntx n 15 npoontntx pxon rouex n rnpe.
3rn cnernte rouxn n rnpe npecrannxmr coo, xax n pyrne nacxancxne pncynxn, yuacrxn nnn
xmxn co cnxrtm remntm nonepxnocrntm menem. 3ect xe nnnsn nnnt nacxancxne npxmte
nnnnn, na ony ns xoroptx nanoxena maxmarnax ocxa.
19

3pnx ]on ennxen npnnonr mnenne onoro nemenxoro noennoro nerunxa, xoropt
ycmarpnnaer n nacxancxo maxmarno ocxe nexoropoe cxocrno c conpemenntmn a+popomntmn
ycrpocrnamn, nomorammnmn nerunxam ocymecrnnxrt nocaxy, n uacrnocrn c cncremamn rnna
VASIS (Visual Approach Side Indicator System, ro ecrt Foxonax Hnnxaropnax Cncrema Bnsyantnoro
3axoa na Hocaxy) nnn PAPI (Precision Approach Path Indicator Hnnxarop Touno Tpaexropnn
Cnnxennx). 3rn ycrpocrna cocroxr ns mnorouncnenntx +nexrpnuecxnx ]onape n oxpamenntx
rannuex. Hanmax no npemx cnnxennx sa cnerontmn (noutm) nnn nnerntmn cexropamn (nem),
nnnor sameuaer orxnonennx camonera or onrnmantno rpaexropnn (rnnccat cxontxennx) n
nonpannxer mamnny. Ho moemy mnennm, raxym npxmym (noonym) ananornm npononrt n annom
cnyuae nentsx, no nexoropoe sepno ncrnnt sect nmeercx. A nmenno, ne noromy nn nacxancxax
maxmarnax ocxa noxonr na a+popomnte cncremt rnna VASIS nnn PAPI, uro ona, xax n +rn
ycrpocrna, xnnxercx pacrpono pemerxo? H eme ono: ne xnnxmrcx nn pacrpontmn pemerxamn
raxxe onncannte ntme nonocarte (ncuepuennte napannentntmn nonocamn) yuacrxn namnt? 3ect
cnoe cnono onxnt t cxasart cnennanncrt no pacrpontm cncremam, n uacrnocrn no cncremam
pacrpono ronorpa]nn.

An1epa1ypa:

1. Reiche M. Mystery on the desert. Stuttgart, 1968.
2. Xoruuc r. Kpome Croynxexa. M., 1977.
3. Torem n nepnotrntx pennrnxx xnnornoe, pacrenne, xnnenne npnpot, cunranmeecx
poonauantnnxom n oxpannrenem nnemenn n tnmee xyntrontm oexrom.
4. Mooney R. Colony: Earth. New York, 1975.
5. Pyouu H. 3emnte rnopennx pennnx. // Texnnxa monoexn, 1979, N8.
6. Isbel. W. Die Bodenzeichnungen Alt-Prs. // Spr r sss, 1978. N12.
7. Daniken E. Erinnerungen an die Zukunft. Diisseldorf, 1968.
8. Scholten d'Ebneth M. Nazca testimony of a high culture. Lima, 1984.
9. Be.oroui A. T. unrypt nycrtnn Hacxa xax apxeoacrponomn-uecxn ]enomen. // Harnncxax
Amepnxa, 1987. N7.
10. Choate J. N rs r . // A. Ss, 1988. V. 15, N1.
11. Daniken E. Zeichen fur die Ewigkeit. Die Botschaft von Nasca. Miinchen, 1987.
12. Manana. // Mn]t napoon mnpa. T. 2 M., 1992.
13. Arguelles J. and M. Mandala. Berkeley London, 1972.

An1op: 0ypy Pocmucuae Cepeeeeuu (19332012), yxpanncxn naneoy]onor, x. reon.-mnnep. nayx,
unen Mexynaponoro omecrna penne xocmonanrnxn.

Hc1ounnx: P.C. uypy. Hpenecrt rant. M., PHHOH xnaccnx, 2005. C. 311351.
1
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AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH


Muxa+uo Xyep

CETL BHOTOKOB B HACKE?
(Hepeno c nemenxoro n xommenrapn P.C. 0ypya

)

Pesmme. Cmtcn n nent mnorouncnenntx nnnn n reomerpnuecxnx ]nryp n Hacxe nce
eme npecrannxmrcx saraountmn xax nx yuentx, rax n nx nmnrene. Mnxa+nt
Xyep npecrannxer nx ocyxennx cnon coopaxennx.

Hacxa! Koro ns nnrepecymmnxcx npaacrponanrnxo ne ouapontnaer +ra
]anracrnuecxax ntcoxoropnax pannnna n Hepy! Tamomnne saraounte nnnnn sonyr nac n
nyrt, or xoroporo rpyno orxasartcx.

Btcoxoropnax pannnna mnorouncnennte reopnn. B Hacxe eme ocramrcx mnorne nonpoct. Taxxe n
yupexenne ennxena nnnnnnponano nccneonannx n Hacxe.

Puquios (Hyxnnoc)

Mnorne nyun n nnnnn n Hacxe, npox cornn merpon, saxanunnamrcx n r.n. nyueno
rouxe, xoropax cnxsana c nontm ncrounnxom. Bonte ncrounnxn n nccoxme nycrtne,
re nery nn enno uenoneuecxo ymn? Ho +ro nmenno rax!
Hacxa nocrnnaercx cncremo nontx xnn n rynnene, c xoroptmn cnxsant cntme
30 +rnx ncrounnxon nnn xononen (nyxnnoc, xax nx nastnamr mecrnte xnrenn).3rn
nyxnnoc enamr nosmoxntm ocryn x rexyme no semne noe. Onn onoxent peuno
rantxo es nemenra. Vxasannax cncrema enncrnennax raxoro poa n Hepy, a nosmoxno,
n no ncem mnpe. Fontmnncrno nyxnnoc ecrnymr n ceronx 1|, npana, onn ceuac
oopyonant mexannuecxnmn nacocamn n yxpennent eronom nx nyume coxpannocrn
not 2|.
C xaxo nentm tna cosana +ra cncrema? nx cnaxennx cenenn noo? Ie xe
ocrarxn +rnx cenenn? nx crponrene, ueprnnmnx nnnnn na semne? Inen Cnnnepman,
npo]eccop anrpononornn ns Hnnnnocxoro ynnnepcnrera, nponex nccneonannx
mecrnocrn, npnmen x ntnoy, uro ontmax uacrt reornn]on, naxoxmnxcx na nonepxnocrn,
nnxax ne cnxsant c ocrarxamn cenenn 3|.

uypy Pocrncnan Cepreennu (19332012) nsnecrnt yxpanncxn y]onor, unen Mexynaponoro

omecrna penne xocmonanrnxn, xannar reonoro-mnnepanornuecxnx nayx.
2

Kapra nnnn, cocrannennax Hannonantntm reorpa]nuecxnm nncrnryrom n Hnme.

Hayuntmn n apxeonornuecxnmn nccneonannxmn +rn nyxnnoc oxcnent ne na
100. Panee ne ormeuanoct nnxaxo cnxsn mexy cncremo nosemntx no n nnnnxmn. Ho
Horann Penrap, acrponom n nccneonarent ns National Geographic Society, na ocnonannn
cnonx nccneonann n 1980-x roax nnepnte ormeuaer, uro nexoropte reornn]t
mapxnpymr nanpannenne reuennx nosemntx no. On cunraer nnnnn na nonepxnocrn
cnxmenntmn rponamn 4|.
-p 3nronn Anenn, amepnxancxnm apxeoacrponom, ycranonnn, uro mnorne nnnnn n
]nrypt npoxoxr napannentno nosemntm nontm noroxam n yxastnamr na ropy Heppo
Fnanxo, orxya, cornacno nerenam, nocrynaer noa5|.

Annnn xax yxasa1enn na noy

B 1996 r. nccneonarent -p +nn xoncon ntnnnyn rnnoresy, uro nnnnn Hacxn
xnnxmrcx mapxepamn n yxasarenxmn na nosemnte nonte xnnt. Tpanennn pacnonaramrcx
npxmo na noo, a rpeyrontnnxn yxastnamr na nonte ncrounnxn 6|. 3ra rnnoresa n 1998
r tna nponepena mexncnnnnnnapno rpynno reonoron n apxeonoron, no ona ne cmorna
+ro npenonoxenne nn nornepnrt, nn onponeprnyrt 7|. He ennoymen yuent mnp n n
ornomennn neontmnx pesepnyapon (kochas) neyr nn +rn xpyrnte nxonte ornepcrnx x
nosemntm xananam nx oropa not nnn +ro nxot nx pemonrntx paor? Hyxnt nonte
nen!


Onn ns nxoon n nosemnym nonym cncremy. A+po]orocnnmox nyxnnoc.
3
Boxnte xanant yxastnamr na ony ns camtx ntcoxnx rop paona Heppo Fnanxo.
Ho ne onxno pacnonarartcx ontmoe osepo, xoropoe n nnraer noo +rn nyrn.

Hpononnxn 1oxa?

Hpnnoxy cocrnennoe oxcnenne. onycrnm, uro nnesemnte pasymnte cymecrna
nocernnn pennnx nepyannen. Onn npnsemnnnnct na pannnne Hacxa. Bnesemnxnam
xnsnenno neoxonma tna noa, n onn cosann xanant.
Hnn xe tno rax: nncrt n nnnnn tnn cosant nnesemnxnamn, no xocmnuecxne
xopann n rexnnxy nao tno ocnyxnnart. Bosmoxno, +ro conponoxanoct ouent
ontmnmn ntpocamn +neprnn n roxamn. Boa, xax nsnecrno, xopomo npononr rox.
Bnesemnxne, ecrecrnenno, o +rom xopomo snann n nno ne nmenn c coo neoxonmtx
marepnanon, nno ne xorenn ocrannxrt nx nocne cex. H onn nocnontsonannct nyxnnoc, xax
+nexrpnuecxnmn xaenxmn, urot nanpannxrt roxn x cnoe nosmoxno ase.
Ecrecrnenntm opasom. Hrax, nnnnn n noxnte xanant +ro cert noroxon oron?
3ro oxcnenne onontno ]anracrnuno. Ho xax ronopnr 3pnx ]on ennxen n cnonx
mnorouncnenntx paorax: Ecrt ]anrasnn, xacammnecx ncero mnpa, a ne rontxo nocuera
ropomnn.

Peaxnnonnte ononnennx x crarte na c. 34.

Honme reornnqm n Hacxe.
B xnnape rpynna xnoncxnx nccneonarene orxptna na pannnne Hacxa na nonte
nasemnte nsopaxennx. Ho coomennm Macaro Caxan, pyxononrenx rpynnt
nccneonarene ns ynnnepcnrera marara, onn npecrannxmr coo uenoneuecxym ronony
(4,2 x 3,1 m) n xnnornoe. Bnnsn ]nryp naxoxrcx ocrarxn xpama. Kax nnmer unen rpynnt
Baranae, neotuno ro, uro na +ro uacrn pente]a ncrpeuent nsopaxennx xnntx
cymecrn. Haxoxn onomxon xepamnxn nosnonxmr arnponart oa +rn reornn]a panne
]aso xyntrypt Hacxa (oxono 200 r o n.+.), no onn moryr trt n namnoro crapme.
C 2006 roa +ra nccneonarentcxax rpynna orxptna na nnaro Hacxa cntme 100
nontx reornn]on, rnanntm opasom nnnn n rpeyrontntx nsopaxenn.
(Hcrounnx: Japan Today, 19 xnnapx 2011 r.)

Kapant pennnn napannent.
Hmenn nn nnnnn n nyxnnoc Hacxn npemecrnennnxon n Kapane?
Kapant, pacnonarammncx n onnne Cynn na nenrpantno-nepyancxom
rnxooxeancxom noepexte +ro saraount ropo, pasnnrne xoroporo nauanoct c
xyntrypnoro nptxxa. On cunraercx x romy xe onnm ns crapemnx ropoon Amepnxn. Ero
pacnner npnxonrcx na 2600 r o n.+. n xapaxrepnsyercx nneuarnxmmnmn nnomaxmn,
monymenrantno apxnrexrypo, xamenntmn nnar]opmamn, crynenuartmn nnpamnamn n
xpamamn.
H conepmenno saraouno, nouemy nmn nnesanno ocrannnn noepexte n npnnxnnct
sa ntnonnenne noonoro ontmoro npoexra n nycrtne. Tax xe nenonxren nnesannt
xonen Kapanx. Ho Kapant n rounocrn nomen no nyrn pyrnx mecr, nepexnnmnx
xyntrypnt cxauox n Henrpantno n Cenepno Amepnxe, a raxxe n n pyrnx uacrxx
mnpa, re nmn xamennoro nexa nnesanno nauann coopyxart rnranrcxne monymenrantnte
nocrpoxn n crponrt xopomo cnnannponannte ropoa, a sarem rax xe nnesanno nce pocnnn
n xya-ro ncuesnn.
Ho uro ocoenno nnrepecno n Kapane n cnxsn c Hacxo sect roxe nmemrcx
reornn]nuecxne nnnnn, cnxsannte c nosemntmn nontmn noroxamn. K +ro cncreme
ornocnrcx raxxe n nnan ropoa; rnannax nnpamna (E) coopyxena npxmo na nosemno
nono xnno, na xoropym yxastnaer ontmax xpyrnax crpyxrypa nepe nnpamno. 3ro
4
xe ornocnrcx x nnpamne G, re nonax xnna ormeuena neprnxantntmn xononnamn y nxoa
n xpyrnym crpyxrypy nnepxy na nnar]opme nnpamnt.
Rro-sananee Kapanx ecrt nnnnn, noxoxne na nacxancxne. Onn raxxe cnxsant c
nosemntmn nontmn xnnamn. 3ro reornn]nuecxn npxmoyrontnnx c nymx nanpnnramn,
xnapar n nnnnn (npxmte n xpnnte), npoxoxmne n pasntx nanpannennxx. He cnnmxom nn
mnoro sarpaueno ycnnn nnmt nx roro, urot yxasart, uro sect reuer noa? H nouemy
rouno paccunrannt or nepnoro saxnanoro xamnx nnan ropoa onxen tn nxnmuart n
cex nnnnn n reornn]t?
-p +nn xoncon, oxymenrnponanmn n nccneonanmn n +rom mecre nnnnn n
reornn]t, cunraer, uro on nnepnte nauan nonnmart, uro +ro nce osnauaer. Cornacno ero
mnennm, nnannponmnxn ropoa onxnt tnn snart sapanee o nontx xnnax n nxnmunrt
nx n nnan crponrentcrna. 3ect eme anexo ne nce nnnnn n reornn]t orxptrt n
saoxymenrnponant, snaunrentnoe nx xonnuecrno onxno eme npncyrcrnonart n onnnax
nnnsn Kapanx.
B ono ns onnn cenepnee Kapanx nmeercx pyroe ontmoe none pynn. 3ect na
cxnone ropt nanmamrcx reornn]nuecxne ]nrypt, cxocrno xoroptx c nacxancxnmn
nornepxaercx nanmennxmn c nosyxa.
Hrax, nnnnn n reomerpnuecxne reornn]t, nensnecrno nx uero nanocnnmnecx,
nnepnte noxnnnnct ne n Hacxe, a eme sa 2000 ner o roro n Kapane. Hro xe sect cnyunnoct
raxoe, uro nmeno cnxst c nnnnxmn n nontmn xnnamn?
-p xoncon npenonaraer nannune n n pyrnx mecr nnnsn Kapanx raxxe pennee
Hacxn, re moryr npncyrcrnonart noonte eme ne nsyuanmnecx nsopaxennx. Mexy
npounm, na cenepnom noepexte Hepy nanmannct, no eme ne oxymenrnponannct
mnorouncnennte reornn]t.
(Johnson D. Caral: geoglyphs and concentrated vains of groundwater.
www.nazcamystery.com/caral_geoglyphs.pdt xoncon . Kapant: reornn]t n
xonnenrpnponannte xnnt nosemntx no.)






Hacxa aer mnoro nnmn nx nnrepnperann. B rom uncne tna
npenoxena nex, uro sect xora-ro cymecrnonan xocmnuecxn nn]r. Ha
+ry remy pncynox mnenapna xoca Tpayma Kocmnuecxn nn]r.


Pexoncrpyxnnx nnana Kapanx.
Tam xe, nnxe: Ieornn] na cxnone
ropt y Kapanx (perymnponannoe
]oro). Bcnomnnamrcx noonte
]nrypt n Hacxe.

5
An1epa1ypa:

[1] Proulx, D.: Puquios Das Bewasserungssystem zur Zeit der Nasca Kultur. In: J. Rickenbach
(Hrsg.): Nasca: Geheimnisvolle Zeichen im Alten Peru. Zurich 1999.
[2] Schreiber, K.J. / Rojas, J. L.: Irrigation and Society in the Peruvian Desert: The Puquiosof
Nasca. New York 2003
[3] Silverman, H.: Beyond the Pampa: The Geoglyphs in the Valleys of Nasca. In: National
Geographic Research, Vol. 6, Nr 4,1990.
[4] Reinhard, J.: The Nazca Lines. A New Perspective on Their Origin and Meanmg. Lima 1996.
[5] Aveni, A.: The Lines of Nasca. Philadelphia 1990.
[6] Johnson, D.: The Water Lines of Nazca. In: Rumbos, Vol. 3, Nr. 11, 1998.
[7] The Nasca Lines Project (1996-2000),
http://people.umass.edu/proulx/Nasca_Lmes_Project.html

Kouuen1apnn P.C. mypyn.

1. Camo no cee nannune nosemntx no axe n raxo sacymnnno sone, xax Hacxa,
ne xnnxercx n reonornn uem-ro neotuntm. Hsnecrno, nanpnmep, uro no nennuame
nycrtne Caxapo npxuercx nent oxean nosemntx noonocntx ropnsonron, n onn xoe-
re ncnontsymrcx nx opomennx, xax n Anxnpe.
2. Konont (nyxnnoc) n Hacxe ncnontsonannct nx opomennx. O +rom
cnnerentcrnyer a+po]orocnnmox na c. 33, na xoropom uerxo nnno, uro nnnsn +rnx
nyxnnoc pacnonoxent nosenannte nonx n pacryr epentx. a n cam anrop coomaer, uro
nexoropte nyxnnoc ntne oopyonant mexannuecxnmn nacocamn. A pantme xpecrtxne,
cyx no ncemy, cnycxannct no cnnpantno opore nyxnnoc no semnm n na cocrnennom
ropy ntnocnnn na none emxocrn c noo. Cyx no ncemy, noa n +rnx xononax naxonrcx
nernyoxo, n necxontxnx merpax or nonepxnocrn.
3. He ouent nonxrno nnmt, nouemy +rnx xononen rax mnoro na sacnxrom yuacrxe
(17 mryx na neontmom yanennn pyr or pyra!). Bcero n Hacxe, xax coomaer anrop, ecrt
oxono 30 +rnx nyxnnoc. Btxonr, uro onn cocpeorouent n onom nnn nyx yuacrxax,
cranmnx naroapx rpyy xpecrtxn oasncamn n +ro nycrtne.
4. Fonee nnrepecno coomenne anropa o cnxsn nnnn Hcxn c ropnsonramn
nosemntx no (nexoropte nnnnn xxot npoxoxr napannentno noonocntm xnnam nnn
npxmo na nnmn). Hsnecrno, uro pamouxn nosoxonen pearnpymr xax na cxptrte pasnomt n
semno xope, rax n na naxoxmnecx no semne nonte n pynte xnnt. A +rn xnnt n
ontmnncrne cnoem tnamr raxxe cnxsant c sonamn pasnomon, xoropte xnnxmrcx
+nepronactmenntmn no nnm nnpxynnpymr +nexrpnuecxne roxn, ns rnynn 3emnn
nonnmamrcx mnnepantnte pacrnopt n rennonte noroxn n r.n. Hexoropte nccneonarenn
ronopxr n o ocotx ropcnonntx nonxx, npncyrcrnymmnx n sonax pasnomon, n
npenonaramr, uro nmenno na nnx pearnpymr pamouxn nosoxonen. He ncxnmueno, uro
nmenno +rn +nepronactmennte sont n ropcnonnte nonx nnrepeconann xocmnuecxnx
npnmentnen n Hacxe n paora c nnmn (nosapxxa nxnnx axxymynxropon?) ocrannna na
nonepxnocrn nycrtnn nnnnn, rpanennn n npoune cnet.

O an1ope: Michael Huber
Hc1ounnx: Ein Bio-Stromnetz in Nazca? S , N 2, 2011 r., c.3234.
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH


Cepee Hapmeuu

BEPHHI, HHO H 3EMHETPCEHH

Bnpoxo nsnecrnax cnoconocrt xnnorntx pearnponart na camte pasnnunte
]nsnuecxne nonx nosnonxer pesyntrarnnno ncnontsonart nx noneenne nx ]nxcnponannx
anomantntx xnnenn, n rom uncne n xaracrpo]nuecxoro xapaxrepa. B nnreparype onncant
mnorouncnennte cnyuan anomantnoro noneennx nxnx n omamnnx xnnorntx npn
nonreprecrax, reomarnnrntx ypxx c nnesanntm nauanom, nepe cnntntmn
semnerpxcennxmn n npn noxnnennn neonosnanntx nerammnx oexron, npnuem xapaxrep
ntstnammnx +ro cxonoe noneenne cnrnanon rax noxa n ne pasraan conpemenno nayxo.
Hocxontxy na nporxxennn nocnenero ecxrnnernx namn nponoxrcx
pasnocroponnee nsyuenne nonpenecrnnxon semnerpxcenn, xorenoct t ocnernrt sect n
nponemy nx nsanmoecrnnx c HHO n cecmoonacntx sonax. Hyxno ormernrt, uro
cneennx o nnnxnnn HHO na xnnorntx npnnoxrcx eme n sapyexntx paorax . Knnx
(1970), H. Hoep-Tpenua (1975), . Maxxemnenna (1977) n A. Xanexa (1977). B name
nnreparype raxne annte tnn ooment n xnnrax F. A. Bypnnona (1990), I. K. Konunna
(1991), R. I. Cnmaxona (1991), B. T. Axaxn (1998) n n cepnn monx crare (C. A. Baptrnn,
19901993). Onaxo nccneonann, nocnxmenntx xonxpernomy ecrnnm HHO na npnpoy,
onontno mano, ocoenno n cnxsn c necxontxnmn nsanmocnxsanntmn ]axropamn. Hoxany,
nanonee nonno nsyuen marnnrno-nonoc]epnt acnexr noneron HHO. Hanpnmep,
. Axnerra (1980) na npnmepe CBA ycranonnn, uro crarncrnuecxn snaunmax nsanmocnxst
nanmaercx npn cnntno marnnrno ype, napymennxx n nonoc]epnom cnoe n nsmenennxx
snauenn xomnonenr marnnrnoro nonx 3emnn.
Hpn ncnontsonannn marnnromerpnuecxnx npnopon oreuecrnennoro nponsnocrna n
nocnenne rot n Kptmy namn raxxe ]nxcnponannct xoneannx reomarnnrnoro nonx n ero
cocrannxmmnx no npemx nponeron HHO. Onaxo nmenno npn raxnx reo]nsnuecxnx
xnnennxx tnaer n anomantnoe noneenne xnnorntx, ouent cxonoe c ananornuntmn
peaxnnxmn nepe cnntntmn semnerpxcennxmn. Hnrepecno, uro npxmtx cnxse HHO c
nosemntmn ronuxamn eme nnre ne ntxnneno, xorx onn onontno uacro noxnnxmrcx n
cecmoonacntx sonax ncero mnpa. Hanonee uacro HHO nouemy-ro noxnnxercx nmenno
mexy semnerpxcennxmn c pasntmn nnrepnanamn, uro ano ocnonanne npenonoxennxm,
uro onn ro nn ntstnamr, ro nn cnnxamr nanpxxennx semno xopt n ropax. Oxasanoct, uro
cnexrp nsnyuenn +rnx rpex xnnenn upesntuano mnpox. Vunrtnax nnesannocrt
nosemntx ronuxon, nosmoxno, uacro sa HHO npnnnmamr pyrne anomantnte
reo]nsnuecxne xnnennx, ocoenno +nexrpnuecxne, ntstnaemte nteso+]]exrom. Hanpnmep,
ntnammne xpyrn, nyun cnera, ornennte mapt nnora nanmamrcx n nonnn o, no npemx
n nocne semnerpxcennx. Ho nexoropte nnrepecnte cnyuan sacnyxnnamr nnnmannx. B
uacrnocrn, xpxoe cneuenne nepe snamennrtm Tamxenrcxnm semnerpxcennem 1966 roa
connano no npemenn c noneramn HHO n CBA. B 1954 roy mnoro HHO nnenn n nonnn no
npemx cenrxptcxnx semnerpxcenn. HHO ]nxcnponannct no npemx pexnx ronuxon axe n
Anrnnn. B Kann]opnnn xe HHO nnora nanmamrcx nepe semnerpxcennxmn, naunnax c
1896 roa. ocronepno ycranonneno nnmt ro, uro HHO nanonee uacro noxnnxmrcx na
pasnomax n semno xopt, axe nececmnuntx.
C rouxn xe spennx marnnromerpnuecxnx nanmenn cnennanncrt ycranonnnn, uro
n CBA nenrpt noxnnennx HHO naxoxrcx n ocnonnom na paonamn marnnrno
neocrarounocrn (ennannx). Hro xacaercx Poccnn, ro ocrarouno ncnomnnrt Kypcxym
marnnrnym anomannm n mnorouncnennte HHO n +rom paone. To ecrt xoneannx
2
neprnxantno n ropnsonrantno xomnonenr reomarnnrnoro nonx moryr trt
reo]nsnuecxnm nnnxaropom noxnnennx HHO, uro mt npexpacno nnnm na nenrax
camonncnen nporonntx (MMH-203) n ]epposonontx (Hu-03 Marnx) marnnromerpon
nor yxe necxontxo ner na Rxnom epery Kptma. C pyro cropont, no nroram
mnoronernnx nanmenn moxno saxnmunrt, uro xnnornte npoxnnxmr cnoe anomantnoe
noneenne npn noxnnennn HHO necxontxo nnaue, uem nepe semnerpxcennxmn. Hcxnmuenne
cocrannxmr nnsxne xonraxrt nnn xaracrpo]nuecxne ronuxn, uero noxa c npnopamn namn
eme ne nanmanoct.
cno ono, uro ecrt xaxax-ro omax uacrt +nexrpomarnnrnoro cnrnana, nnnxmmero
na xnnornoe, xoropax npncyma n nsnyuennm ns ouara semnerpxcennx, n ns HHO, npnuem
rpannnt ero, nnnmo, naxoxrcx n npeenax xoneann n nsanmoecrnn xomnonenr
marnnrnoro nonx 3emnn n annom mecre nanmennx. Onaxo cmoennponart raxo cnrnan
noxa ne yaercx nn xnonnam, nn amepnxannam. C rouxn spennx ]nsnonornn on axe noxa ne
pacmn]ponan, ro ecrt moxno saxnmunrt, uro nosnanne cnexrpa nsnyuennx HHO ouent
naxno n nx paor no ynpannennm noneennem xnnorntx n uenonexa, net rnannoe uyncrno
nx (uyncrno nepe xaracrpo]o n HHO) ncxom]opr n crpax. A net +rn +monnn nrpamr
naxnemym pont n +nonmnnn ntcmnx xnnorntx. Hy, a raxne nnrepecnte +]]exrt HHO n
cecmomoxa, xax napannsannx, crnpanne namxrn, nonte cnoconocrn, ncera tnn n none
spennx cnennanncron no ncnxorponnxe n nnnxnnm 3MH na nepnnym cncremy xnnorntx n
nme. H ocoenno nnrepecno, uro xnnornte nnora uyncrnnrentnee namnx npnopon.
Ho namemy mnennm, +ra sanenxa nomoxer pasraart nnocnecrnnn mnoroe.
Omnocrt xnnenn ecrt, no ee xnnomy npoxnnennm n perncrpannn memano ro, uro n
ntcoxnx mnporax mano cecmnuntx son n mano nanmenn HHO no cpannennm co
cpennmn n ocoenno rponnuecxnmn. Bcnomnnm marnnrnym xomnonenry 3MH camym
nsyuennym. B 3anonxpte nnora npn cnntnemnx marnnrntx ypxx (xcrarn, no npemenn
cnnxponno c nnmn connaamr nanonee xpxne nonxpnte cnxnnx) anno onncant
ncnxnuecxne paccrpocrna nme, npnuem n oonx nonymapnxx. Xant, uro sa xnnorntmn
ram mano nanmann, a net onn roxe xopomo na +ro pearnpymr. Hanpnmep, na Hepnom
mope ent]nnt cnntno ecnoxoxrcx npn noxnnennxx HHO.
C pyro cropont, nepe semnerpxcennxmn nanmaercx yxe ne pasnonnnocrn
anomantnoro noneennx ecnopxounoe xaornunoe nnxenne (nseranne) n
nenenanpannennoe ercrno ns +nnnenrpa. Hmenno +rnm nnrepecnt nonornuecxne
npenecrnnxn semnerpxcenn, nocxontxy onn tnamr rontxo nepe npnpontmn
nosemntmn ronuxamn, n nnxora anrponorenntmn. Tontxo c nx nomomtm moxno
ntxnnrt, ecrecrnennoe tno cotrne nnn ncxyccrnennoe, n npnuem ne rontxo npn
nocnecrnnxx xepntx nsptnon, a n no pxy pyrnx npnunn (nooxpannnnma, orxauxa rasa,
cpoct nanpxxenn n r. n.).
Hoxoxe, uro y HHO ecrnne mnoro]axropnoe, npnuem onnaxono ecrnymmee na
xnnorntx (no xpane mepe, na nosnonountx ncex xnaccon n camoro uenonexa). Hocxontxy
peaxnnn ]aynt ontme ncero nsyuent na mnexonnrammnx n nrnnax, npnmnoct oparnrt
nnnmanne n na semnonontx, n na npecmtxammnxcx, n na pt. Bet nmenno onn n
nponecce mnnnnonon ner +nonmnnn cnennn sa semnerpxcennxmn n npnopenn nexn
mexannsm, ronopxmn nm: ocranemtcx n nope nepe ronuxamn nornnemt! Onn ero
ynacneonann n nam nepeann... H ynnnrentno ro, uro n npn noxnnennn HHO ecxrcx
ptt, xmepnnt n smen, uepenaxn n xpoxonnt, xax yro nannraercx uro-ro crpamnoe. A
net nm, xax pennnm xnnorntm, nnnee. H cnexrp peaxnn y nnx nonnee ncero. Hro xe
ntxonr, rapenxn n mapt nm roxe annentxo snaxomt na name 3emne? Tenept yxe
nnxoro ne ynnnxer, uro nourn na ncex y]onornuecxnx n cecmonornuecxnx xon]epennnxx
ncera npncyrcrnymr noennte, a, xax nsnecrno, onn npemx apom ne repxmr.
Bor raxne nnrepecnte nonpoct nosnnxamr npn anannse anno nponemt. Honenone
ncnomnnmt o rom, uro axe u. R. 3nrent (1993) n cnoe nocmeprno xnnre nncan o
neoxonmocrn sacexpeunnannx nexoroptx cneenn o HHO, a yx ncxyccn na +ry remy n
3
nocnenee npemx n npecce axe cnnmxom mnoro. Mt cunraem, uro noxoxe na ro, uro
]enomen HHO samnmaercx, nepeccopnnax y]onoron CHI. Ho+romy nyxno oennxrt
nce ycnnnx nx ero nonnoro nsyuennx.

O an1ope: Hapmeuu C.A., x..n., ecrnnrentnt unen MAH n AHHVuO (noc. Hnxnra,
nra).
Hc1ounnx: Becrnnx nonoxannn N 34, 2010. C. 4043.

TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Muxaun Tapanoe

ECTL RH Y HEROBEKA YLA?

B okfnpe 1968 ropa cnyuafene Eu-Eu-Cu ypueuno cfpauuoe oLneneuue:
ceac nposeyaf npouseepeuun Pucfa, Loneua u Eefxoeeua, kofopue unu uru
npopukfoeauu us uuoro rupa Posrapu Epoyu... panuue saseyana rysuka sfux
kornosufopoe, o kofopo uukfo ue suan.

Oeuoueu Posuapu

B nocnepuu eek efoporo fucnenefun yeuue, a ecnep sa uuru u ece
sppaeorucnnue nkpu, unu yepeuu, fo pyuu y uac uef. Cyecfeyef nuuu
acfpakfuoe nounfue, oLncunkee penuruosuue porru, pa saxeafueakue pefckue
eonueuue ckasku, fakue kak Koponu-oneuu Kapna Fouuu.
Ho eof uacfynuno fpefue fucnenefue. H eppyr ece ae u ae e npecce cfanu
nonennfucn cooeuun o coeepueuuo nopasufenuuux neneuunx, oLekfueuo
peroucfpupykux, fo uanepekop oquuuanuuo uayke pyua y enoeeka ece-faku ecfu.
Rpurnaueuuue papuocfauuue cneuuanucfu npupupueo npocrofpenu napfufypu
ecex npouseepeuu, fpaucnupykuxcn no Eu-Eu-Cu. Bce couueuun opuu k opuory
coofeefcfeoeanu npoqeccuouanuuory noepky yrepuux rysukaufoe! Ronyanocu, fo ux e
caror pene couuunu Pucf, Loneu, Eefxoeeu u ppyrue eenukue kornosufopu. Eonee foro,
pupekuun Eu-Eu-Cu ofpana ua skcnepfusy napfufypu, u ouapyunocu, fo pae cucfera
sanucu nonuocfuk coofeefcfeoeana aefopckory noepky kaporo us kornosufopoe!
Bce sfu pasuoopasuue rysukanuuue npouseepeuun unu nepepauu pepakuuu
papuocfauuuu poroxosnko us Poupoua Posrapu Epoyu. Ro ee cnoear, ece napfufypu
npopukfoeanu e caru... yrepuue kornosufopu! A sfux, ue useecfuux cneuuanucfar,
feopeuu eenukux reuuee uno okono efupex cofeu. Ronyaerue us rupa yrepuux
rysukanuuue npouseepeuun unu ue uapockaru, a uenuru kornosuuunru, couueuuuru
no onuue acfu pnn qopfenunuo, uo uekofopue us uux unu uanucauu u pnn
curqouueckoro opkecfpa.
Yuukanuuur enoeekor, epes kofoporo yrepuue kornosufopu cfanu nepepaeafu
ceou npouseepeuun ueur, Posrapu cfana ueoupauuo pnn caro cen. Opuapu oua
nopouna k cfapory nuauuuo, sa kofopoe ue capunacu ruoro-ruoro nef, u cfaeuuru
ueyknkuru nanuuaru npukocuynacu k knaeuuar.
Bppyr Posrapu noyecfeoeana, fo oua ue opua e koruafe sa ee cnuuo kfo-fo
cfonn. Oua ucnyrauuo oepuynacu. Sfo un eenuku 4epeuu Pucf! 3afer npousouno
coecer ueeeponfuoe: ou kak ypfo cfan eopufu nanuuaru euuuu, u us-nop uux nonunacu
pueuan renopun! Beurepcku knaccuk uces fak e ueoupauuo, kak noneuncn, u nocne
sforo cnyan cfan npuxopufu k Posrapu yfu nu ue kapu peuu. H ecnku pas euuua
urpana c nopau npuspaka uenpereuuo uoeoe npouseepeuue. Kak oua nucana, ...ou
nonusoeancn rouru pykaru, cnoeuo napo nepafok. Cuaana uofu unu y uee ua
kouuke nanuuee, a nofor e cfano oupuo, fo cfonu npekpacuo rysuko roef
uacnapufucn fonuko oua opua.
Oua nonpocuna Pucfa nepenoufu rysukanuuue npouseepeuun ua uofu u ee pykaru
sanucafu ua yrare. Tak Posrapu cfana nepepaeafu rysukanuuue npouseepeuun Pucfa,
couueuuue ur nocne crepfu. Opuapu Pucf neuncn k Posrapu c nepuonuuur
enoeekor c rnrkuru epfaru nuua u npepcfaeun ero: Mo ppyr 4pepepuk Loneu.
Rpouno ueruoro epereuu, u Loneu foe cfan urpafu c norouk Posrapu ua qopfenuauo
u sanucueafu ee pykaru pauee uuker ue cnuuauuue npouseepeuun... Kak yfeeppana
Posrapu, Pucf cfan npueopufu k ue u ppyrux kornosufopoe. Eonuuuucfeo us uux

cfauoeunucu ee uacfonuru ppysunru, ppyrue, kak, uanpurep, Mouapf, y uee noery-fo
ponro ue sapepueanucu.
A fenepu nocnyuaer rueuue o sfux, nonyeuuux us rupa pyxoe npouseepeuunx
yrepuux kornosufopoe, npoqeccuouanuuoro rysukaufa, nuauucfa Herypu Meuyxuua:
H crofpk ua sfu rauyckpunfu c eenuauur nofeuuer. Kapan nueca onpepeneuuo
eupepaua e cfune kornosufopa. Takoro e rueuun npupepueaefcn pufaucku
kornosufop Puapp Popuu Eeuuef: Hrnpoeusupoeafu yrekf ruorue, uo fakyk rysuky
ueeosrouo noppenafu es ruoronefuux ynpaueuu. Puuo n ue cyren u noppenafu fo-
uuypu nop Eefxoeeua.

Cryc1ok cnamx auepru

Ronyaefcn, fo pyua y enoeeka ecfu, u oua pecfeufenuuo eccrepfua. Ho cpasy
e ecfakf pea eonpoca: fo e npepcfaennef coo pyua u rpe oua npeueaef nocne
crepfu qusueckoro fena?
B Hucfufyfe nonynpoeopuukoe Akaperuu uayk Pufeu pokfop ecfecfeeuuux uayk
Syreukc Kyruc npoeen yuukanuuu uukn uccnepoeauu. Touue usrepeuun, cpenauuue
yeuur, nokasanu, fo korpa enoeek yrupaef, ou fepnef of 3 po 7 rparroe eeca. Kyruc
npepnonoun, fo sfo u ecfu eec pyuu, nokupake feno. Ro ero rueuuk, pyua ecfu y
kaporo enoeeka. H ue e nepeuocor crucne, a e ykeanuuor: yua sfo crycfok cnaux
suepru, fak uasueaeroe acfpanuuoe feno, cnocouoe eecura cunuuo eospecfeoeafu ua
feno qusueckoe u pae ua rafepuanuuue npeprefu.
A eof uuqoprauun eu o opuor uufepecuor ofkpufuu, cpenauuor e
Rpuucfouckor yuueepcufefe CLA. Okasanocu, fo pyuy rouo ue fonuko eseecufu, uo u
noyecfeoeafu. Eunu npoeepeuu cnepykue skcnepureufu, e kofopux npuunnu yacfue
skcfpaceucu. Rop cneuuanuuo ckoucfpyupoeauuo ycfauoeko, us kofopo eucunanucu
nerkue uapuku, ycaueanu skcfpaceuca. Korpa skcfpaceuc ue pyran o uapukax, fe, napan,
opasoeueanu ropky npaeunuuo qopru. Ho cfouno ery nuuu ckouueufpupoeafu ceoe
euurauue ua uapukax, kak qopra ropku reunnacu no ero rucneuuory npukasy. Ro rueuuk
uccnepoeafene, ua qopry ropku eospecfeoeana pyua enoeeka, unu, kak ee ceac
uasueakf, acfpanuuoe feno.
Tenepu cuoea eepuercn e Pufey. 3pecu uccnepoeafenu Ponufa u apkc Xykacoeu
cospanu annapafypy, noseonnkyk yeupefu usreueuun ueefa pyuu. -enoeek onyckan pyky
ua npuop c pafukaru, ureku qopry napouu. 3afer eknkanacu eupeokarepa,
uanpaeneuuan ua enoeeka, u ua skpaue rouufopa nonennnacu ero ronoea, okpyeuuan
koufypor ero pyuu, okpaueuuur eo eceeosrouue ueefa e saeucurocfu of uacfpoeuun,
rucne u spopoeun enoeeka.
Hufepecuue pesynufafu unu nonyeuu e Poccuu rpynno nefepyprckux yeuux
nop pykoeopcfeor pokfopa fexuueckux uayk npoqeccopa Koucfaufuua Kopofkoea. B ceoux
uccnepoeauunx ouu eocnonusoeanucu cneuuanuuo annapafypo, noseonnke
qukcupoeafu usreueuue ceeeuun pasnuuux eeecfe e uufeucueuor raruufuor none. Ro
rueuuk npoqeccopa, no ceeeuuk nanuuee ua pykax yrepuux rouo uno uankpafu sa
npoueccor nocfeneuuoro ucxopa us fena ueko cycfauuuu pyuu enoeeka, ureke
sueprefueckyk ocuoey. Rpaepa, fakoe uccnepoeauue ue ecerpa uno esonacuur. B fex
cnyanx, korpa onufu npoeopunucu c uepaeuo yrepuuru ronopuru nkpuru,
sueprefueckoe none nocnepuux kakur-fo opasor eospecfeoeano ua yeuux, u ouu
ucnufueanu uenpunfuue oyeuun.
Hccnepoeauun ucxopa pyuu npoqeccop pononuun usyeuuer ucesuoeeuun
uonorueckoro nonn pyuu y skcfpaceucoe. Ha skpaue ero npuopa ofpaaefcn
uonorueckoe none enoeeka. H eppyr ouo ucesaef. -fo e npoucxopuf: feno ecfu, a eof
uononn uef? Brecfo poeuo ceefnerocn cunysfa enoeeka, ofpaakero naparefpu ero
uononn, ua skpaue eosuukakf ucfpo ecnuxueakue u euoeu racuyue urnynucu. Ro
rueuuk K. Kopofkoea, npoeepeuuue onufu noseonunu nonyufu noppakykcn
raferafueckory ropenupoeauuk kapfuuy enoeeecko pyuu e ocoor cocfonuuu. Sfo
pano eosrouocfu cospafu refopuky oLekfueuo oueuku peanuuux cnocouocfe
skcfpaceucoe. Bepu npoeopufu ceou ceaucu u nororafu cfpapyur ouu roryf fonuko e
ocoor cocfonuuu ceoe pyuu.
!
Ro cnoear K. Kopofkoea, npoeepeuuue skcnepureufu yepunu ero ...e
cyecfeoeauuu foro, fo uasueaefcn enoeeecko pyuo... Bepa e eccrepfue pyuu e
onpepeneuuo cfeneuu reunefcn. Cfporo roeopn, rouo, no-roery, yfeeppafu, fo
crepfu uef. Ecfu kpyroepaeuue, eeuu faueu npeepaeuu u refaropqos.
Hccnepoeauun yeuux ua pyee fucnenefu nokasanu, fo pyua y enoeeka
ureef eec, qopry u ueef. Ho ouu ue ofeefunu ua eonpoc, er e, ece-faku, nennefcn pyua
c foku speuun coepereuuo uayku.

O1 3eunu po Conuua

Mue ueopuokpafuo poeopunocu ecepoeafu co cfapeuur yqonoror Poccuu,
eepyur uayuur skcnepfor Accouuauuu uenosuauuoro K.A. 4oruuur. Kpu
Anekcauppoeu enoeek suuuknonepueckux suauu. He spn opua us ero kuur uasueaefcn
Suuuknonepun auoranuuux neneuu

. B ceoe rouorpaquu Kpu 4oruu pacckasuean

o ocoeuuocfnx eocnpunfun rupa, ruororepuocfu npocfpaucfea u epereuu, o npupope
uekofopux auoranuuux neneuu, nepcnekfueax seonkuuu enoeeecfea u o nponerax,
censauuux c uenosuauuuru nefakuru oLekfaru.
Ecfu e kuure u rnaea, urekan uenocpepcfeeuuoe ofuoueuue k nponere usuu u
crepfu enoeeka u k ero pyue, Bueknefouue uuqoprauuouuue cfpykfypu. Kpu
4oruu opafun euurauue ua uecoofeefcfeue e oLere uuqoprauuu, kofopan roef
saknkafucn e opuo-epuucfeeuuo knefke, pake uaano enoeeky, u ruuuranuuor
oLere, ueoxopuror pnn nocfpoeuun u qyukuuouupoeauun enoeeeckoro oprauusra. Ro
oueuke cneuuanucfoe, uuqoprauuouuue eosrouocfu ueo knefku ue npeeuuakf
5,8 109 uf, a ruuuranuuu oLer uuqoprauuu, ueoxopuro pnn eunonueuun ecex
npucyux knefke qyukuu u, fer onee, pnn nporparrupoeauun paseufun us sfo knefku
uoeoro oprauusra, poneu ufu ue reuuue 1023 1025 uf. nn foro fou urefu
npepcfaeneuue o conocfaeurocfu sfux eenuuu, yqonor npueen cnepyku npurep. Ecnu
ycnoeuo npuunfu uuqoprauuouuyk erkocfu knefku 10 uf sa opuu runnurefp, fo
eenuuua e 1023 1025 uf ypef paeua ceru paccfonuunr of 3ernu po Conuua.
Fpe e xpauufcn sfof konoccanuuu oLer uuqoprauuu, ueoxopuru pnn
paseufun u qyukuuouupoeauun knefku? Ro rueuuk K. 4oruua, uocufener
uacnepcfeeuuo uuqoprauuu nennefcn ue nppo knefku, a uuqoprauuouuo-
pacnpepenufenuuan cfpykfypa. Ek nennefcn ceoeopasuoe ruororepuoe opasoeauue,
okpyakee knefky u eecu oprauusr e uenor. Hreuuo sfa cfpykfypa opasyef fo, fo
npuunfo uasueafu cyuocfuk enoeeka, ero pyuo. A car enoeeecku oprauusr sfo
nuuu uonorueckan rauuua, kofopyk ucnonusyef pyua.

enn1u pue

-fo e npoucxopuf, korpa enoeek yrupaef? apur ofeefufu ua sfof eonpoc carory
Kpuk 4oruuy: Crepfu npueopuf k paspyueuuk uonoruecko cfpykfypu. Ho fo e
npoucxopuf forpa c uuqoprauuouuo-pacnpepenufenuuo cfpykfypo? Oua coxpaunefcn
nocne crepfu, uecn e cee eck uuqoprauuk o cyLekfe, u pae onapaef ero
carocfonfenuuocfuk. Kakoe-fo epern oua ee onapaef uekofopo akfueuocfuk sa cef
sanaceuuo suepruu, fo roef nponennfucn npu cnupufueckux koufakfax. Kcfafu, Kpu
4oruu ponrue ropu sauurancn usyeuuer fakux koufakfoe, u e ero keapfupe ureefcn
ueckonuko ukaqoe, sanonueuuux npofokonaru fakux ceaucoe.
B pesynufafe ruoroeekoeoro onufa enoeeecfeo euneuno onpepeneuuue
sakouorepuocfu nofepu fako akfueuocfu uuqoprauuouuo-pacnpepenufenuuux cfpykfyp
(pyuu) u ycfauoeuno uekofopue kpufueckue roreufu ee npofekauun. Tak noneunucu u
eounu e ouxop oeuseecfuue cpoku: peenfu pue u copok pue nocne crepfu, e
kofopue noruuakf enoeeka ero nuskue u popuue.
Takur opasor, crepfu cnepyef paccrafpueafu ue kak nonuoe ucesuoeeuue
nuuocfu, a fonuko kak nepexop e uuoe kaecfeeuuoe cocfonuue, e kofopor oua

C kuuro K.A. 4oruua (19232001 rr.) Suuuknonepun auoranuuux neneuu rouo osuakorufucn
ua cafe Touuenu XXI, eun. N 3 p:// -new.narod.ru
"
npoponaef cyecfeoeafu, a e uekofopux cnyanx roef pae nponennfu cen e
eocnpuuuraeror uaru rupe.
Rpepnonoeuue, fo opuapu cospauuan uuqoprauun coxpaunefcn u kakur-fo
opasor ofopaaefcn eo Bceneuuo, ece onee nepepacfaef fenepu e yeepeuuocfu.
Sfory e suaufenuuo repe cnococfeykf fpypu poccuckux yeuux u ux ofkpufun e
onacfu uosueprouuqoprafuku. 4usuk F. Lunoe eupeuuyn runofesy, fo ua ypoeue
qusueckoro eakyyra eosrouo uuqoprauuouuoe ofopaeuue ecero cyero. B uer, kak e
ruraufckor kornukfepe c eckoueuo narnfuk e ycnoeunx ueorpauueuuoro epereuu ecfu
ceepeuun oo ecer u oo ecex, u uuorpa k sfory kornukfepy roef nonyafu pocfyn
enoeek, enoeeecku rosr. Takux nkpe epuuuuu, uo ouu ecerpa unu u ecfu.
Eonuuyk ponu e nouurauuu foro, fo penaefcn c enoeekor nocne crepfu, curpan
useecfuu poccucku uonor, ocuoeafenu uoeoro uayuoro uanpaeneuun eonuoeo
reuefuku Refp Fapnee. Korpa ru yrupaer, yfeeppaef yeuu, ru ue ucesaer. Mu
coxpaunercn ua ypoeue nuuocfu. -enoeek, no ero npepcfaeneuuk, ...sfo
uuqoprauuouuo-sueprefueckoe copepauue reuefuecko ronekynu, ceepfka
rafepuanuuoro u sueprefueckoro fena enoeeka, ero qusueckoro fena u pyuu. Kapu
enoeek kak u refuf coo koruafy, rpe un, eospyx, kofopur puuan, eeu, k kofopur
npukacancn, ua ecer ou ocfaennef ofneafok ceoe nuuocfu... A eonpocu o for, noruur
nu ru cen nocne crepfu, ocosuaef nu cen uaue foukoe feno, sfo eue skcnepureufa.
Xofn nkpuru uakonneua onuuan srnupuka, kofopan roeopuf o for, fo pa, noruur.
Bce yeuun u ceupefenucfea, nonyeuuue kak nyfer rucfueckux unu penuruosuux
osapeuu, fak u uayuur skcnepureufanuuur nyfer, ceopnfcn k fory, fo pyua roef
nokupafu feno, cyecfeoeafu eue ero, eupefu uuue rupu, a nofor eosepaafucn e feno u
npoponafu ceoe seruoe cyecfeoeauue.
Ropeopn uforu uccnepoeauu yeuux, npoeepeuuux ua pyee fucnenefu, onufa
enoeeecfea u paspaofauuo Kpuer 4oruuur uuqoprauuouuo-pacnpepenufenuuo
cfpykfypu, oLncunke ruorue fauucfeeuuue ceocfea uauero cosuauun, rouo c
yeepeuuocfuk ckasafu: pyua y nkpe ecfu, u oua eccrepfua.

Muxaun TAPAHOB
HPO, N 18 (682), 2011. C. 1415.


TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Muxaun Tapanoe

YMHLE MAFHHTO-RRA3MEHHLE OBPA3OBAHHR

Cufaefcn, fo ece ueue cyecfea ua uaue nnauefe xopouo useecfuu u
pefanuuo usyeuu uonoraru. Ho sfo ue fak. Yeuue usyakf fonuko opuy qopry usuu
uaue nnauefu enkoeyk cfopouy.
A ecfu ee opua usuu, npepcfaennkan coo crycfok qusueckoro nonn. Pkpu
cfankueanucu c sfo usuuk c roreufa ceoero noneneuun ua 3erne, uo suakf o ue po cux
nop oeuu rano. Ecnu enoeeka rouo uaseafu enacfenuuor noeepxuocfu 3ernu, fo sfy
ueenkoeyk usuu c nonuur ocuoeauuer rouo uaseafu enacfufennru ee uepp u uea.
Cyecfea, uacennkue seruyk feeppu u nopo eupueakuecn us uee e ueo, uasueakf
no-pasuory, uo cyuocfu y uux opua.
B ppeeuocfu ux cufanu eonnoeuuer cfuxuu orun, orueuuuru snereufannru.
-ae ecero e ucfopueckux xpouukax sfu cfuxuu orun qurypupykf kak orueuuue
uapu. Purcku ucfopuk Arruau Mapuennuu fak onucan e 252 ropy u.s. noneneuue
orueuuux snereufanu: couepuue c uea orueuuue uapu cnanunu ecex paoux,
nufaeuuxcn eoccfauoeufu Hepycanurcku xpar.
A eof e eeke onucauun snereufanu eurnnpenu kypa onee nposauecku, safo u
onee koukpefuo. Hx ypanocu pae sacunfu ua eupeokarepy. 12 ceufnpn e 9 acoe eeepa
okono cena Eonuuue Yponu Bnsuukoeckoro paoua rauuua rufpun Peraua,
uccnepoeafenn uenosuauuoro, saensna e rpnsu. Bof kak onucan ceok ecfpey c orueuuur
cyecfeor car uccnepoeafenu: Orueuuu uap, uuorpa ueruoro ypannncu sa uuskyk
onauocfu, eucen ua qoue nofu epuoro uea. Pasrepoe, npurepuo e fpefu nyuuoro
pucka, ou ue reunn. -epes onfuky fenekarepu rouo uno pasrnnpefu ero puxnyk
cfpykfypy, kak u neku pasuo qopru u eenuuuu. H cnokouo cuuran ero ruuyf 20.

Orueuuue uapu, nnueyue e eospyxe, ecfpeakfcn ua 3erne acfo, uo ue
noecerecfuo. Ouu onpepeneuuo nknf uekofopue recfuocfu. B uux uapu nopo
ycfpaueakf uacfonue napapu. Opuo us fakux sou, onkoeauuo sfuru orueuuuru
oLekfaru, cfanu Xurynu. Heckonuko nef noppnp ckpa npuesana carapckan rpynna
ucfopukoe-kpaeeepoe coupafu pacckasu recfuux ufene o ux ecfpeax c orueuuuru
cyuocfnru. Kpaeeepar noeesno. B opuy us nefuux uoe ouu yeupenu uap Xurynnru
uacfonu eospyuuu napap. Bof fo sanucan e ceoer pueeuuke opuu us yacfuukoe
skcnepuuuu: 15 aerycfa 1990 ropa, okono 22 acoe n, a fake ueckonuko roux foeapue
uankpanu nponef uap Xurynnru rpynnu orueuuux uapoe. Bnepepu rpynnu nefen
onuuo opuuouu uap c raneuukur xeocfukor, sa uur peuranocu peenfu uapoe
pasrepor noreuuue. Ouu nnunu e pnp no fpu, nepenueancu npkuru u pnuuuuru
xeocfaru.
Ker nennkfcn nyrakue nkpe orueuuue qeuoreuu? Ofeefufu ua sfof eonpoc
yeuue nufanucu paeuo. Muorue us uux cufakf, fo orueuuue snereufanuu ue
cyecfeykf. A nosfueckue pacckasu o ecfpee co cfpauuuru orueuuuru oLekfaru,
eepyuru cen kak ueue cyecfea, unu uaeenuu nkpnr ppeeuuru ruqaru u
eonueuuru ckaskaru, unu e npocfo oeeupuu fakux ecfpe e nepeu pas yeupenu
poeonuuo ouuyk uapoeyk ronuuk. Y uux, kak roeopufcn, of cfpaxa rnasa cfanu eenuku.

Bof kak c uayuo foku speuun oLncunef noneneuue orueuuux oLekfoe, uapoe u
cfonoe e xope npupopuux npoueccoe kauapcku npoqeccop Makn Repcuupep: Sfu
nyrakue nkpe orueuuue oLekfu popakfcn nop serne. ae oeuu cnaue
fekfouueckue nopeuku npueopnf k eosuukuoeeuuk rexauueckux uanpneuu.
B kperuucfux nopopax reuepupyefcn snekfposueprun, kofopan, yufuean ux orporuyk

raccy, roef pocfurafu suaufenuuo eenuuuu. Rop ee eospecfeuer uap sfur yacfkor
ropuux nopop uouusupyefcn u sakpyueaef eokpyr ocu cfon eospyxa. B pesynufafe
eosuukakf uapoeue ronuuu, urekue pasrepu of ueckonukux caufurefpoe po 12
refpoe. Hx peueuun e eospyxe uacfonuko ueouuu, fo nkpu enonue rornu npuuurafu
ux sa ueue cyecfea.
Ho ue ece noneneuun orueuuux uapoe rouo oLncuufu ecfecfeeuuuru npuuuaru.
Heenkoean orueuuan usuu, noxoe, ece-faku cyecfeyef ua uauer, kasanocu u, xopouo
usyeuuor 3eruor uape, u ue ecerpa ecfpea c ue okauueaefcn fonuko ypueneuuer u
eonuykuru kpoeu pacckasaru oeeupuee.
Bof kak onucan ecfpey c orueuuuru cyecfearu arepukaucku uccnepoeafenu
uenosuauuoro Poepf Fappuep. Pefor 1939 ropa c eoeuuo asu e Cau-uero nopunncn e
eospyx fpaucnopfuu caronef arepukauckux BBC c naccauparu ua opfy. Bckope nocne
esnefa cfauuuu papuonokauuouuo cnyu npuunnu nocnauuu nunofaru curuan SOS.
A cnycfn ac ua sfof e aspoppor e Cau-uero npusernuncn nonaeuu e epy
fpaucnopfuuk. Korpa uaseruue cnyaue ofkpunu nkk, fo yacuynucu, yeupee, fo ece
peeuapuafu naccaupoe caronefa unu repfeu. Epuucfeeuuur euueuur okasancn
koraupup, uo u ou yrep epes ueckonuko ruuyf nocne nocapku. Mepfeue eoeuuue urenu
cfpauuue ooroeue paueuun. Kfo ux uauec fak u ue ypanocu euncuufu. Kak uno
ycfauoeneuo e xope cnepcfeun, skuna u naccaupu ucnonusoeanu pnn saufu ceoe
nuuoe opyue. Ouueka caronefa urena cnepu of nynu, cnoeuo nkpu fefuo nufanucu
nopasufu kakoro-fo yeepfnueoro epara.

C ker e ecfpefuncn fpaucnopfuu caronef CLA? Arepukaucku uccnepoeafenu
-apnus 4opf e ceoe rouorpaquu Kuura npoknnfux eupeuuyn cnepykyk runofesy.
B afrocqepe uaue nnauefu oufakf cfpauuue enenopouue oprauusru. Ouu
uanoruuakf ropckux repys u c norouk ynanuuee roryf oxofufucn ua ueux cyecfe.
Arepukauckur uonorar euaane cyecfeoeauue fakux oprauusroe npepcfaennnocu
uerucnurur. Ho nocne foro, kak e Hauuouanuuo Pueepropcko naopafopuu uno
cospauo ypueufenuuoe eeecfeo asporenu, ouu c onuuur poeepuer ofuecnucu k
upenr -. 4opfa. Asporenu sfo uefo cpepuee repy feeppur u rasoopasuur
cocfonuunru eeecfea u npu sfor nere eospyxa. Ecnu fena ueecuux repys cocfonf us
cycfauuuu, auanoruuo no ceour ceocfear asporenk, ouu enonue roryf nocfonuuo
ufu e eepxuux acfnx afrocqepu u oxofufucn ua nfuu, a nopo uanapafu ua caronefu, e
kofopux cupnf enkoeue cyecfea.
Poccuckue uccnepoeafenu uenosuauuoro, ecnep sa akaperukor B. Kasuaeeeur,
paeuo roeopunu o eosrouocfu cyecfeoeauun ua uaue nnauefe cyecfe, ocuoeo usuu
kofopux nennkfcn sueprefueckue nonn. Bnonue eeponfuo, fo sueprefueckue qopru
usuu crornu pocfuu eucokoro ypoeun ceoero paseufun u nennkfcn ue xuuuru
repysaru, nnaeakuru e eospyuuor okeaue, a pasyruuru cyecfearu. B uekofopux
eocfouux rucfueckux rauyckpunfax, pouepuux po uauero epereuu, uanpurep e -aue
orun, roeopufcn o cyecfeoeauuu ua 3erne pasyruux pac, ue onapakux feeppur
fenor, a npepcfaennkux coo orueuuue crycfku.

Hapo crupufucn c rucnuk, fo ua 3erne uar pecfeufenuuo pocfafouo xopouo
useecfua nuuu enkoeo-uykneuuoean qopra usuu, uo pnpor c ue roryf cyecfeoeafu u
sueprefueckue cyecfea. Rpuer ecfpeu c uuru roryf sakauueafucn fparepue.
Rpaepa, cyecfeoeafu ouu roryf fonuko e sueprefuecku akfueuux paouax nnauefu, e
ycnoeunx nocfonuuo nopnufku sueprue, npepe ecero, e recfax euxopa ua noeepxuocfu
3ernu rouux snekfporaruufuux nofokoe, uanpurep e raruufuux nonkcax nnauefu.
O ecfpee c fakuru cyecfearu pacckasan Kpu Kopuyuoe, yacfuuk coeefcko
skcnepuuuu ua Kuu nonkc. B 1959 ropy coeefckan skcnepuuun, ocuoeaeuan e
Aufapkfupe cfauuuk Mupuu, ofnpaeuna rpynny us uecfu uccnepoeafene ernyu
koufuueufa c uenuk pocfuu Kuoro raruufuoro nonkca. Bepuynucu nuuu peoe. B kouue
kouuoe, ecnoruuan K. Kopuyuoe, ru peuunucu pacckasafu npaepy cnuukor paeuno
fo, fo npousouno. K roery ypueneuuk, uar noeepunu. Ho eepu ue uno uukakux
yepufenuuux pokasafenucfe! -fo e npousouno e 1959 ropy? Coeefckan skcnepuuun sa
!
fpu uepenu, ue nofepne uu ruuyfu ua perouf rauuuu, popanacu po Kuoro raruufuoro
nonkca. Bce uno cnuukor xopouo, ecnoruuan Kopuyuoe.
Henpunfuocfu uaanucu pnn skcnepuuuu ua cnepykee yfpo. Mefpoe e fpexcfax of
eespexopa ueuseecfuo ofkypa eunpuruyn u cfan nopnpurueafu, cnoeuo qyfonuuu rn,
ceefnucn uap! Rpouno ueckonuko ruuyf, u uap, kak ypfo yeupee nonnpuukoe,
repneuuo nokafuncn k uur, npeepaancu e nopoue konacu.
4oforpaq skcnepuuuu Anekcaupp Fopopeuku c qofoannapafor e pykax nouen
enepep. H eppyr konaca eufnuynacu ysko neufo! Bokpyr Fopopeukoro eosuuk
ceefnucn uur. Ou cfpauuo sakpuan. Paspanucu pea eucfpena. Cfpennnu cfapuu
rpynnu Auppe Ckoenee u epa skcnepuuuu Porau Kycfoe. Ceefnancn neufa ecnyxna, eo
ece cfopouu pusuynu uckpu, u oua co espueor ucesna. 4oforpaq un repfe, safunok,
napouu u cnuua oyrnunucu.
Ceefnuecn uapu cuoea noneunucu ua nyfu epes peoe cyfok. Ouu eosuuknu
ueoupauuo ua eucofe okono cofuu refpoe, safer repneuuo onycfunucu, npunuancu k
nkpnr. Kycfoe u Eopucoe uaanu cfpennfu us kapauuoe... Korpa Kopuyuoe npuuen e cen
of uoka, uapoe ye ue uno, a e eospyxe cfonn sanax osoua, ypfo nocne cunuuo rposu.
Kycfoe u Eopucoe neanu ua cuery repfeue, a uaanuuuk ofpnpa Auppe Ckoenee cfonn,
npuae napouu k rnasar: ou uuero ue noruun u uuero ue eupen... o Mupuoro uaanuuuk
ofpnpa ue poexan yrep ua opafuor nyfu.
Ynunuoecku yeuu Eopuc Conoruu npepnonoun, fo nnasroupu raruufuo-
nnasreuuue cfpykfypu, uupoko pacnpocfpaueuu e Kocroce u opasykfcn ua Conuue.
Baueuue npoueccu ua noeepxuocfu uauero ceefuna nnfua, ecnuuku urekf
raruufuo-nnasreuuyk npupopy. Korpa ua Conuue npoucxopnf ecnuuku, of uero eo ece
cfopouu co ckopocfuk e ueckonuko cofeu kunorefpoe e cekyupy pasnefakfcn nofoku
nnasru u raruufuo-nnasreuuue opasoeauun. ocfuran 3ernu, ouu, kak npaeuno,
ocfakfcn e uouocqepe. Papuauuouuue nonca 3ernu uacfonu sanoeepuuk pnn
eceeosrouux raruufuo-nnasreuuux opasoeauu conueuoro u pae ranakfueckoro
npoucxopeuun. Ouu roryf onapafu eucoko cfeneuuk oprauusauuu, nponennfu
uekofopue npusuaku usuu u pae pasyruocfu. Oufakf ouu, e ocuoeuor, e papuauuouuux
noncax 3ernu ua onuuo eucofe, uo roryf cnyckafucn eponu nuuu seruoro raruufuoro
nonn e uusuue cnou afrocqepu, ocoeuuo e fex fokax, rpe sfu nuuuu uauonee
uufeucueuo nepecekakf noeepxuocfu 3ernu e paouax raruufuux nonkcoe.

Muxaun TAPAHOB
HPO, N 22 (688), 2011. C. 1415.
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Mapuna Huxumuna

RPHLERLUL HAC CRACYT?

Ro nporuosar OOH rop of ropa ypoeeuu usuu ua serne ypef napafu.
Hcnpaeufu nonoeuue roef fonuko ecerupuoe npaeufenucfeo unu pafun no pasyry
us kocroca.

Oak1 cymec1nonauun

Ecnu opafufucn k ucfopuu, fo o naneokoufakfax eusufax npuuenuuee ua 3ernk e
ucfopueckue u poucfopueckue epereua uanucauo ye ruoecfeo kuur u cfafe. A ecnu
nocnyuafu uekofopux uccnepoeafene uyrepcko uueunusauuu, fo enoeeecfeo
eooe pesynufaf reuefuecko ropuqukauuu, u opasoeanocu ouo npu ckpeueauuu
uuonnauefnu u npepkoe enoeeka.
Ceropun e for, fo ueonosuauuue nefakue oLekfu ece-faku cyecfeykf,
eupuro, ye rano kfo corueeaefcn.
24 ukun 1947 ropa enepeue uno oquuuanuuo saqukcupoeauo noneneuue HPO.
Pefuk u usuecreu us Apaxo Keuuef Apuonup, nunofupyn ceo ueonuuo caronef,
yeupen uepaneko of rop Psuuuep peenfu oLekfoe, noxoux ua fapenku, nefeeuue cfpoer
co ckopocfuk okono 1 200 runu e ac. Rocne ceucauuouuoro poknapa Apuonupa, e kofopor
e nepeu pas nposeyan fepruu nefakan fapenka, u uaanacu perucfpauun
ueonosuauuux nefakux oLekfoe. C fex nop ofreeuo onee 8 fucn cnyaee ux
noneneuun.

Hc1omeuue pecypcon

K 2050 ropy, no carur ckporuur nopcefar, uac ypef ye 9 runnuappoe.
O cokpaakuxcn sanacax ueqfu u rasa ece ye cnuuanu, ypef ue xeafafu u onee
nposaueckux rafepuanoe. Ro nporuosar yeuux, e nepeo nonoeuue eeka eo ecer
rupe ypef nocfpoeuo cfonuko spauu, ckonuko coopyeuo sa eck ucfopuk popa
enoeeeckoro, ofkypa e uapafu cfonuko neca, rnuuu, necka, npoux
cfporafepuanoe?
Epufaucku yeuu apep aroup cufaef: e ceoe epern uueunusauuu uupeuee
ran u oufafene ocfpoea Racxu cfonkuynucu c feru e nponeraru, fo u coepereuuoe
enoeeecfeo. He crornu ux peuufu, of sforo u eurepnu. Ro auanoruu rouo
npepcfaeufu, fo 3ernn fof e safepnuuu ocfpoe e okeaue kocroca. H korpa-uuypu k
uar ua eper eucapnfcn ranakfueckue rocfu, kofopue nororyf oucfufu afrocqepy,
uayaf ynpaennfu noropo, nopapnf eeuu peurafenu u npoue nara eucue
uuonnauefuo uueunusauuu.
Hs uoeeue ucfopuu useecfuo: perynnpuue ecfpeu c uuonnauefnuaru npoeopnf
rnaeu Arepuku u Poccuu. Rpo Arepuky ceepeuu onuue: fyf u suareuufan Easa 51, u
cpasy fpu kafacfpoqu HPO nop ropopkor Poceenn, u ruraufcku HPO, repneuuo
nponnueuu uap Kfo, u cofuu poknapoe nefukoe BBC, eupeeuux u pae afakoeaeuux
fapenku. A ua caror pene, npepcfaeufe, fo epes ruuyfy nepepau feneeeauun
npepeyfcn u pukfop eupacf peseuauoe cooeuue: C uaru ecfynunu e oquuuanuuu
koufakf npepcfaeufenu uueunusauuu us coseespun Opuoua. -acfu uapopa cpasy rpoxuefcn
e oropok, ppyran eunonsef ua ynuuu ckaupupoeafu u nucafu ua cfeuax nosyuru Opuouuu
npou c 3ernu! u 3ernn pnn sernnu!. Yruue neccurucfu noryf, fo uac
npunefenu saeoeeueafu unu, e nyuer cnyae, nopuunfu, a onfurucfu ypyf
npueefcfeoeafu seneuux enoeekoe kak npuuecuux nara uspaneka. H, eosrouo,
okayfcn npaeu.

Rpouu cekpe1m!

H eepk, fo uuonnauefnue uar nororyf, yfeeppaef kooppuuafop
Mepyuapopuoro yqonorueckoro coksa Anekce Hukufeuko. Ecnu cypufu no ppeeuur
nefonucnr, fo pauuue seneuue enoeeku npunefanu k uar ue fak y u acfo. Ho e
eeke ceupefenucfe o HPO noneunocu ueuroeepuoe konuecfeo. A ue ereuueakfcn ouu
noka e uauu pena, nofory fo ru ue nopounu po kouua k foke , korpa ruenu
uueunusauuu ypef ye ueuseua.
B ceok oepepu, ueuu ruuucfp oopouu Kauapu fpeyef, fou npaeufenucfea
cfpau ecero rupa paccekpefunu u uaanu ucnonusoeafu kocrueckue fexuonoruu,
nonyeuuue npu napeuuu HPO, fou ocfauoeufu npouecc usreueuun knurafa. H xoy,
fou uuonnauefuue fexuonoruu ucnonusoeanucu, k npurepy, pnn ycfpaueuun nocnepcfeu
ropeuun uckonaeroro fonnuea, fo croef cnacfu uauy nnauefy, saneun 83-nefuu Ron
Xennue.
Kocrueckue kopanu uuonnauefnu nepereakfcn ua oeuu onuuue paccfonuun,
fou pocfuruyfu 3ernu, nosfory ponuu ufu oopypoeauu nepepoeuru peurafennru u
ucnonusoeafu oeuu xopouee fonnueo, saneun ou. Huonnauefuue fexuonoruu roryf
cfafu anufepuafueo ueqfu u rasy, kofopue ucnonusyef enoeeecfeo, ofrefun Xennue,
npueepn e kaecfee npurepa koufakfa c uuonnauefnuaru sarapouu uuuupeuf 1947 ropa
e Poceenne, cfaeuu kynufoeo ucfopue pnn cfopouuukoe feopuu o cyecfeoeauuu
koufakfoe c eueseruo usuuk.
Mu ponuu yepufu npaeufenucfea ouapopoeafu ece, fo ouu suakf. Hekofopue
us uac nopospeeakf, fo ur useecfuu fexuonoruu, kofopue roryf cnacfu uauy nnauefy,
ecnu uru eocnonusoeafucn npnro ceac, saneun ou. Xennue cfan ruuucfpor oopouu
e kauuefe npeuero nperuep-ruuucfpa Kauapu Pecfepa Repcoua e 1963 ropy. Ou nofpnc
kauapuee e ceufnpe 2005 ropa, oLneue, fo opuapu eupen HPO ceouru rnasaru. Kpore
foro, skc-ruuucfp oopouu Kauapu nofpeoean y napnareufa ceoe cfpauu npoeecfu
nynuuue cnyuauun no fere Koufakf c eueseruuru uueunusauunru, opuako nonyun
ofkas.

Mapuua HHKHTHHA
HPO, N 15 (678), 2011. C. 3.

TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana Kanepockon HPO

Buxmop Fpuaopuee

OCLE CEPLX RPHLERLUEB

-ae ecero e ceupefenucfeax o ecfpeax c npuuenuuaru qurypupykf cyecfea
c cepo koe u epuuru rnasaru.

Hc1ouuuku uuqopuauuu

3a ocuoey eosurer rafepuanu us cekpefuux npoekfoe Xenfan kuura u Fpap, e
kofopux arepukauckan paseepka e eeke copana ceepeuun o cepux uenocpepcfeeuuo
of uux. Take nonesuan, uo pasposueuuan uuqoprauun copepanacu e rafepuanax
nporparru Cefka MO coeefckoro Muuucfepcfea oopouu, e xope kofopo e 80-x ropax
no ece cfpaue coupanucu ceepeuun o koufakfax uaceneuun c HPO u npuuenuuaru.

Rpumenuum o1kypa?

Hfak, uauer pacckas o cepux c ux npoucxopeuun. Ouu yfeeppakf, fo popor
us coseespun Cefka, kofopoe, eupuro, us kuoro nonyuapun u uaxopufcn ua paccfonuuu
37 ceefoeux nef. Opuako y uux erecfo uauero nounfun coseespue, onpepennkero
qparreuf nnockoro ueoceopa, ucnonusyefcn nounfue seespuan rpynna, fo ecfu seespu,
pacnonoeuuue nusko e npocfpaucfee u censauuue cunaru rpaeufauuu. 3eespuyk rpynny
cepue oosuaakf ureuer, kapyk seespy rpynnu suakor ceoero anqaeufa, a ee
nnauefu fer e suakor c nopnpkoeuru uoreparu. Ro sfory ucucneuuk appec popuoro
rupa cepux fakoe: seespuan rpynna Pefukynu, peouue seespu 3efa1 u 3efa 2 c epuuo
nnauefuo cucfero, nnauefa 3efa1&2-4, fo ecfu efeepfan of uux. Rnauefa epaaefcn
eokpyr ceoe ocu npurepuo sa 90 seruux acoe, nofu ue ureef uaknoua ocu, fo ecfu u
epereu ropa, safo ureef cesouu peyx conuu, kofopue e feeuue ropa euxopnf u saxopnf
ppyr sa ppyra. Knuraf e nonnpuux u cpepuux noncax nnauefu xonopeu, nosfory uaceneuue
npeueaef e skeafopuanuuux u fponueckux, rpe fenno u ureefcn ounue npecuux
eopoeroe.

Feue1uuecku packon

Cepan paca, unu sefa Pefukynu, kak ouu uasueakf cen no npoucxopeuuk,
eknkaef e cen pea eupa: npupopuu pocfor 1,72 refpa u ropuquuupoeauuu
pocfor 0,81,4 refpa.
Rpupopuu eup npousouen us ynornuyfo eopuo cpepu. B uer npeonapakf
penfunuuue kaecfea, xofu ou u nennefcn peyuorur, no oepfauunr cxour c
ryrauoupuur. Yknap oecfea pacucfckan uepapxun, ocuoeauuan ua runuofueckor
npeuryecfee npaenux eepxoe.
B ppeeuocfu seespuan rpynna Pefukynu una nokopeua uueunusauue
fexuonoruecku paseufux ryrauoupoe us coseespun Opuou. Opuouuu, yeupee e
npupopuux cepux euuocnueocfu u cnocouocfu k apanfauuu, cfanu npoufu ee ua ponu
paoe pacu, uo ue ece ceou sarucnu opuouckan uueunusauun cufaef pocfouur
eonnoafu cara. Opuako npupopuue cepue us-sa ux pacoeo uenpunsuu u qusuecko
cunu npepcfaennnu onacuocfu npu nuskux koufakfax. Rosfory us ux ofpenuuux
sksernnnpoe un eueepeu uuskopocnu nokopuu eup, fak uasueaerue
ropuquuupoeauuue cepue. Bnpoer, epes ueckonuko nokoneuu ouu nofu eepuynucu k
npeuery eupy naropapn cunuuur uacnepcfeeuuur rexauusrar. Torpa opuouuu
ucknkunu y uux nonoeo cnoco eocnpouseopcfea u sareuunu ero knouupoeauuer. Ho

fenepu, es npupopuoro cnocoa nepepau uacnepcfeeuuocfu, eup qakfuecku cfan
eupopafucn. Opuouuu conu uenoruuur sauurafucn opafuur penor ero
eoccfauoeneuuer, u sfo uno ceaneuo ua nneu carux ropuquuupoeauuux cepux. C fex
nop ux rnaeuo sapae cfano euueauue, a refopor ee peueuun ynyueuue
cocfeeuuoro knouupoeauun u reuefueckue skcnepureufu, e acfuocfu, ua 3erne, rpe pnn
sforo ucnonusykfcn noxueuuue nkpu u ueofuue.

O aua1ouuu

B censu c nocfonuuuru reuuuru koppekuunru oepepuoe nokoneuue sfux cepux
knouoe ece onee ofxopuf of nounfun ueue cyecfea k nounfuk uopoofu. Bof ux
auaforueckue epfu.
Cepan koa uacnepue c popuo nnauefu, onyaero peyrn seesparu. Tako
ueef e npupakf eeecfea, sauakue of papuauuu. Hs-sa uee e feno uurpe ue ureef
eonocnuoro nokpoea.
-epuue, eueuue uenpouuuaerue rnasa ue fo uuoe, kak saufuue qunufpu, sa
kofopuru ckpufu uopranuuue rnasuue nnoku co spakaru. B nouo acfu rosra
ureefcn oprau, kofopu npepnonoufenuuo urpaef ponu snekfporaruufuoro koufypa
oeuun. 4akfuecku sfo uopapuo. Opuako us-sa ero rano rouocfu (po ueckonukux
pecnfkoe refpoe) eu ue noraefe pasroeopu cepux ua eauu npueruuku, pae oeuu
cneuuanuuue.
Ofcyfcfeue yue ue reuaef cepur xopouo cnuuafu okpyakue seyku koe u
nopkouuru uepearu. Manue uoc u pof nennkfcn puxafenuuuru ofeepcfunru, xofn e
nocnepuux nokoneuunx uocoeue ckeauuu ucknkeuu us-sa ueeosrouocfu sakpueafu ux
nopouo pfy, uaxopncu e skcfperanuuux okpyakux cpepax. 3yu u nueeapufenuuu
fpakf ofcyfcfeykf, Cepue nufakfcn nea e eauuax c upkocfuk nufapuoro ueefa u
nornoan us uee nonesuue eeecfea epes nopu kou.
B rpypuo knefke uaxopufcn napa nerkux, a repy uuru rpyueeupuu oprau,
coefaku e cee qyukuuu ceppua u neeuu. Brecfo kuueuuka e fpyafue karepu,
xpaunue sanac nufafenuuux eeecfe. Ouu coepuueuu opafuur nueeopor c
ynornuyfur rpyueeupuur oprauor, kofopu perynupyef nocfynneuue eeecfe e kpoeu.
-fo xapakfepuo pnn knouoe, cepue ue urekf eocnpouseopnux oprauoe.
Ha pykax u uorax no efupe foukux pnuuuux nanuua, repy kofopuru e rano
cfeneuu nponeneuu ocfafouue nepenouku.

O uu1ennek1e

-fo kacaefcn cnocouocfe peuafu norueckue sapau, kosqquuueuf uufennekfa
(Q) y cepux pocfuraef 250, e fo epern kak uopro enoeeka nennefcn 100 Q. B fo e
epern cepue nofu ue enapekf uufyufueuur ruuneuuer u enapakf e pacfepnuuocfu,
ecnu sapaa ue peuaefcn nyfer qopranuuo noruku. Kak ecnoruuakf seruue
neperoeopuku c eoeuuux as, uuorpa ua npuunfue peueuun eo eueufafuux cufyauunx y
cepux yxopuno po 1012 acoe, npufor sareeuo, fo ouo nonennnocu eckope nocne
eocxopa Pyuu. Rofory eosuukno npepnonoeuue, fo far uaxopufcn pefpaucnnfop, epes
kofopu cepue koucynufupykfcn co ceouru kypafoparu e panuuer kocroce.

O uayke u 1exuonorunx

Cepue npu ux ufarnoeauuor ruuneuuu uecnocouu k ofkpufunr, u nofu ece
fo, ua er ouu nefakf u er nonusykfcn, nnop ue ux fexuueckoro nporpecca.
3anpepenuuue (c seruo foku speuun) fexuonoruu cooeuu ur opuoucko
uueunusauue, uo nuuu uacfonuko, fou ue uno onacuocfu pnn uee caro. Cepue
ofnuuo euyeuu skcnnyafupoeafu u ocnyueafu oopypoeauue, opuako ux onuuu
uayuo-fexuuecku uufepec opuouuu cufakf nopospufenuuur u npecekakf.
Huorpa, enpoer, cepue ucnonusykfcn e ponu nopcouoro nepcouana e opuoucko
uayuo paofe. Cocfeeuuux uccnepoeauu u paspaofok y uux uef, sa ucknkeuuer
euuypeuuux eapeapckux reuefueckux skcnepureufoe, o kofopux ye roeopunocu.
!

Pekoueupauuu npu kou1ak1ax

Hcuo, fo ecfpea c cepuru, rnrko roeopn, ue ynyuuf usuu uukory us nkpe.
Rosfory coeefyer userafu nkux koufakfoe c HPO, ue sapaeancu eonpocor, k kako
uueunusauuu ouu urekf ofuoueuue eenuka eeponfuocfu foro, fo ureuuo k qurypaufar
sfo cfafuu. B for cnyae, ecnu ouu noxuakf enoeeka, nuuu ueruorue us uac roryf
ycfonfu nepep ux napanusykuru refoparu. Eonuuuucfey ocfaefcn caru pocfynuu
refop carosaufu curynupoeafu noforcfeeuuyk ueereunerocfu, fo oxnapuf uufepec
cepux k eauur reuar.
Opaeuue e oprauu npaeonopnpka sa saufo of cepux, ckopee ecero, ue pacf
pesynufafoe. Ceropun nosuuun oquuuanuuux cfpykfyp e sfor acnekfe uenokoneuroe
ronauue. Paccufueafu rouo fonuko ua ceou cunu.

Buk1op FPHFOPLEB
HPO, N 25 (613), 2009. C. 2.

TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Anexcanp Bonoee

HFPL DHROHABTOB

Rcuxonorar Hseecfuo, fo uufennekfyanuuu ypoeeuu foro unu uuoro enoeeka
uauonee nponennefcn e cnouux urpoeux cufyauunx. Roxoe, fe, koro ru uasueaer
nunofaru ueonosuauuux nefakux oLekfoe, ue fonuko suakf o cyecfeoeauuu sfo
fecfoeo akcuoru, uo noecerecfuo ucnonusykf ee e usyeuuu peakuu sernnu ua
cocfeeuuoe npucyfcfeue ua uaue nnauefe.
3arnnuer e kyucfkarepy coufu, paneko ue ecerpa esoupuux, unnkcfpupykux
qeuoreu urp sunouaefoe c nkpuru, kak npaeuno, eoece ue osaoeuuuru eucokuru
qunocoqckuru kaferopunru nouckoe e kocroce pafuee no pasyry. Ho nocne koufakfoe c
HPO qauafuuo uyuru pokasafenucfea foro, fo ru ue opuuoku eo Bceneuuo.
Opuur us fex, kfo, uecrofpn ua yrposy yeonuueuun nop npepnoror noeuueuuo
srouuouanuuo ueypaeuoeeueuuocfu, nynuuo saneun, fo ue fonuko npecnepoean
uuonnauefnuuua, a pae epea ue nan epfeo ero npoeokauuouuoro noeepeuun, cfan
uaanuuuk nonuueckoro yacfka ropopka 4onkeunn, fo e ceeepoarepukauckor ufafe
Anaara.
Sfory nonuueckory, Feupu Maypy, 23 ceufnpn 1973 ropa, korpa ou nafpynupoean
uouue ynuuu, popory neperopopuna fonna kpaue eosypeuuux ryuu u euuu,
cooueuux, ypfo uap poraru saeucakf cfpauuue ceefnuecn eepfonefu, npospauue
po fako cfeneuu, fo eupuo uaxopneecn euyfpu oopypoeauue u nefuku.
Oquuep, nopyrae, fo upyf uouue nonefu, noseouun ua nuauyk aeuaasy.
Ofeef peypuoro nofpnc: Ccunafecu ua uauu yeuun, fou ycnokoufu uaceneuue. Mu
suaer o akfueuocfu yux nefafenuuux annapafoe. Sfo ue uauu rauuuu. Mu
pasepercn u yfpor npouuqoprupyer eac.

Yfpor, enpoer, uukfo ue noseouun. a, u ue uyeu un seouok Maypy, kofopu u
es foro eckope nuuo pnn cen cpenan eueopu, npepcfaennkuecn esykopusueuuuru.
Rpospen e ou, korpa, eosepaancu poro, yeupen cneea uap oouuo uusko eucnu
rporko saeueaku, ononcauuu cuue-seneuuru orunru oLekf, e oepfauunx fouo
noefopnku koufypu apreckoro pecaufuoro eepfonefa. B ueku ueynoeuru roreuf
oLekf, oyfueuucu uap aeforauuuo, ece ceoe fnecfuk npornn kpuuy fak cunuuo,
fo Maypy npuunocu e fpu noruenu coruyfucn uap pyner.
Hs nkka, ofkpueuerocn e puue eepfonefa, curauyn eepsuna, yropueuu npnro
nop koneca. H yun ero! c yacor nopyran oquuep. Opuako nocfpapaeuu, peseo
eckoue ua uoru, sursararu noean no uocce. Mayp, no npuuue peqoprauuu kpuuu, ue
ror ynpaennfu. Mauuua e, rofop kofopo ue paofan, cnepoeana sa eryur, cnoeuo
una npuensaua fpocor.
Korpa cnuporefp nokasan 160 kunorefpoe e ac, nonuuecku yeupen, fo ua
eryer eenukaue cuaana saropenucu puucu, safer ero oxeafuno ocnenufenuuo npkoe
nnarn. Cnuporefp nokasan 250 kunorefpoe e ac. Toprosa ue pecfeoeanu. Mayp, kak ue
ypueufenuuo, coxpaunn cfoueckoe cnokocfeue. Eonee foro, nopuunncu npukasy,
nposeyaeuery e ronoee, ou pacexnun qofoannapaf, ofenkae ece 36 kappoe.
Aeforounu ecfan kak ekonauuu. -enoeek-qaken, uaupan yckopeuue, rpe-fo ua ypoeue
ropusoufa cnuncn c enfur, epeoe npeeocxopnur no pasrepy nonuyk nyuy, snnuncor.
Moreuf napkoeku rauuuu ua nyake nepep koffeper uaanuuuk nonuuuu, kak uu
cununcn, nose ecnoruufu ue cror. Rponeneuuan ueefuan nneuka, acfuuo saceeeuuan,
pana nuy pnn pasruuneuu. Peskocfu neuo ue xeafano. H ece-faku packappoeka
nokasana koro-fo, onaeuuoro e ckaqaupp, fo ucnonusoeancn acfpouaefaru npoekfa
Anonnou, korpa ouu pasrynueanu u espunu no noeepxuocfu Pyuu.


Mayp forpa sapaeancn eonpocor u sapaefcn nouuue: Roery ua nneuke
ofcyfcfeykf usopaeuun eryero qakena? Ofeef, noxoe, ecfu. Orueuuu eenukau
nuuu snereuf urpu, snereuf rnoanuuo nporparru-fecfa, ery uaxopur nopfeeppeuue
e npoucuecfeuu, ureeuer recfo e aerycfe 1978 ropa, e Ysekucfaue, rpe uenan qnofunun
HPO, kak roeopufcn, nopaseneknacu, nosaaeunacu ua nonuyk kafyuky. Hrpu sfu, ypyu e
peanuuocfu, us peanuuocfu eunapanu.
Kak nose sarefun opuu us oeeupuee, npenopaeafenu Taukeufckoro yuueepcufefa
Hukona Baneufuuoeu Onnuuukoe, oLekfu, rano ofnuurue of caronefoe, kak u
cfapanucu yepufu cofuu nkpe: Hac uef, uo ru eespe.
Rapapokc? He onuuu, er ece napapokcanuuoe e qeuoreue urp. A eenu cen
HPO, eck uou oceaueakue esnefuo-nocapouyk nonocy aspoppora ropopa Hykyc, u kak
caronefu, u kak pakefu. Repenueancu papyuuru ueefaru, nnaeuo u oeuu repneuuo
saxopunu ua nocapky, esruean packaneuuuru uaparu e epuoe ueo.
Bcero sfa qnofunun npouseena onee efupexcof akpoafueckux raueepoe,
akkypafuo oxopn eucnauuue ua nepexeaf aeforounu aspopporuoro ocnyueauun.
Korpa ru nusko npunuanucu, HPO, ypfo urpan e npnfku u ppasun, ucesan, npu sfor
kysoe uauero yasuka, cuaana packannncn fak, fo fepnefu ueeosrouo, nofor
rruoeeuuo nokpueancn uueer, euyfpu uno uecfepnuro xonopuo, ecnoruuan uaanuuuk
creuu noppaspeneuun noapofyueuun Bnecnae Kofoe.

Raccaupu, ue peuancu nokuuyfu san oupauun aspoeoksana, nofpeoeanu
oLncueuu npoucxopnero. Rpuueuee uaanucfeo, pau ue ponycfufu nauuku,
nocfynuno ryppo, oLneue, fo ue sapecfeoeauuu rpapauckuru cyparu aspoppor
ucnonusykf eoeuuue nefuku pnn ofpaofku nunofupoeauun uoeux opasuoe fexuuku. Ho
yfuxuu auofa pasropencn c uoeo cuno, korpa opuu us oLekfoe npu saxope ua
nocapky esopeancn, eupocue eepfukanuuu orueuuu fpesyeu.
Rpuue ua recfo -R, noapuue ue ouapyunu uu raneuux cnepoe kafacfpoqu.
Eefou esnefuo-nocapouo nonocu ue un pae onaneu. Haanucfeo u fyf uaunocu,
ycnokoue, fo uuero cfpauuoro ue npousouno, npocfo cfapfoean pakefuu ucfpeufenu-
nepexeafuk. Hukfo oepepuo ake ue noeepun. Pkpu ykpenunucu e porapke, fo ur
nocacfnueunocu ua saeupuo kopofko pucfauuuu uankpafu pkuuy kpynuux HPO,
uukory ue npuuuueuux epepa, fo, nopepkuer ee pas, ueaef, yeu, ue ecerpa.

Pepeunu kpoeu cnya npousouen e okfnpe 1992 ropa e rekcukauckor ropope
Rysna. Typucfu cynpyeckan napa Fepuurep us 4PF eosepaanucu no uouo popore e
ofenu. o okpauu ocfaeanocu nnfu kunorefpoe, korpa peurafenu apeupoeauuoro qoppa
sarnox. Ofkpue kanof, Bunnu Fepuurep enkuyn fyrnepor aeapuuoro oceeeuun. Parna
ue sarnacu. 3uan, fo aeforounu uoeu u akkyrynnfop ua uer foe uoeu, ryuua
npuunncn opyrueafu, fo u sfo suauno.
Rocfaeufu puaruos con ue nonyunocu, fak kak ero uakpun kouyc enoro
cfepunuuoro ceefa. Rufancu saufufu euy, fypucf uaruyn k qoppy, kpacka kofoporo
nysupunacu of apckoro apa. B canou ou fak u ue npouuk. Aeforounu esrun eeepx,
noeucuye fo nu ua repuaker seneuor kauafe, fo nu ua seneuor nye. Bunnu Fepuurepy
uuero ue ocfaeanocu, kak uankpafu sa kaakurcn ranfuukor-aeforouner. 4opp,
repy fer, okasueancn fo ua noeepxuocfu saknapueakero eupau ueefa pfyfu pucka, fo
nop uur, fo coky.
Bce sfo feopunocu ua ueonuuo eucofe nnfu-uecfu refpoe. Teopunocu of cunu
pecnfu ruuyf.
K yacy fypucfa, aeforounu oxeafuno nnarn, rypnee, c sanaxor naneuo pesuuu.
Korpa eusoak 4oppa esopeancn e eospyxe, fypucf nounn, fo HPO yun ero euy.
Rpuueuue nonuueckue, nopfeeppue qakf, fo fparepun urena recfo ue ua popore, a uap
ue, eupeuuynu eepcuk, ypfo aeforounu u ero naccaupka nocfpapanu of pecfeu
eospyuuux xynurauoe, nopuneuux qopp ua nopeecke eepfonefa u snouarepeuuo, c
uenuk yucfea, ckuuyeuux rpys. Lafkan eepcun.
Ro cfafucfueckur pauuur cocfaeufenn Suuuknonepuu HPO u npuuenuuee
seupa Puu, epfearu urp sunouaefoe sa nocnepuue pea pecnfunefun cfanu 810
!
sernnu. Pkpu sfu unu usopeuuo yrepeneuu paspaeneuu e aeforounnx, coeuu
erecfe c cocfeeuuuru poraru, cfanu epfearu eospyuuux u ropckux fapauoe. Tar rpe
pasenekakfcn kocrufu, far noecerecfuo ofcyfcfeyef runoceppue, cufaef
uccnepoeafenu napauopranuuoro.

Anekcaupp BOROEB
HPO, N 19 (727), 2012. C. 3.

1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Banenmun Hcanomuxoe

RPHLERLUL HA CRYXBE Y OKPEPA

B uaane 90-x ropoe e yqonoruecko nufepafype cfanu nonennfucn
paccypeuun ua fery, fo arepukauckue caronefu-ueeupurku, usrofoeneuuue no
fexuonoruu Cfennc unu cnpoekfupoeauu c yacfuer uuonnauefuux cneuuanucfoe c
nefakux fapenok. Co ccunko ua eecura pocfoeepuue ucfouuku yfeeppanocu,
fo fpypnfcn npuuenuuu e cekpefuux naopafopunx ufafa Heeapa ua aeuaase BBC
Yofepfayu Cfpun, pacnonoeuuo ua eucoxuer connuor osepe Fpyr Pek, e recfe,
useecfuor yqonorar kak 3oua 51.

Cpepu pacnpocfpauufene nopouux cnyxoe un ueesuseecfuu yqorar Eo
Pasap, nkou paofaeuu korpa-fo ua sfo ase.
Ho eof fo cfpauuo: eo epern coufu e Pocysnne eoeuuue us kou nesnu eou,
pokasuean, fo ouu uaunu ue fapenky, a ecero nuuu papuosoup. B aeapuu HPO
uenopaneky of rekcukaucko rpauuuu e 1948 ropy uapeuuue oropeeuue fpynu fyf e
oLneunu fpynaru oesunu, kofopux c uccnepoeafenucko uenuk nopuuranu e Kocroc ua
uereuko 4AY-2. A korpa Eepnuu u Myp paccekpefunu ceucauuouuu
4unapenuqucku skcnepureuf, fe e eoeuuue ue noneuunucu pasuckafu ocfaeuuxcn e
ueux neuoe skunaa scruuua Snppup, kofopue knnfeeuuo yfeeppanu, fo sfa
ucfopun cnnouuan fyqfa.
A eof ceucauuouuue pasonaeuun Pasapa fe e eoeuuue ocfaeunu es
euurauun, cnoeuo cornacueuucu c fer, fo npu cospauuu caronefoe-ueeupurok F-117 u
B-2 pecfeufenuuo ue oounocu es norou npuuenuuee, a suauf, ppyrur cfpauar c
arepukauuaru e sfo onacfu u copeeuoeafucn ue cfouf.
Tak u u una sfa nereupa, opacfan uoeuru ceucauuouuuru noppouocfnru, ecnu
u ue paccnepoeauue eoeuuoro ucfopuka A.A. 3anonuckuca, nokasaeuero, fo npofofunor
cynepcoepereuuoro orappupoeuka B-2 okasancn peakfueuu orappupoeuk-
ueeupurka epereu Bfopo rupoeo eouu, cospauuu no npoekfy useecfuux uereukux
aeuakoucfpykfopoe pafuee Xopfeuoe! Ero ronoeuo opaseu nopunncn e eospyx e kouue
1944 ropa.
Ecnu kfo-nuo us arepukauckoro npaeufenucfea osuakorufcn c paofo
3anonuckuca, fo ypef urefu ece ocuoeauun eosypufu peno npofue qupr Pokxup u
Hopfpon, nofpafueuux nkou runnuappu ponnapoe rocypapcfeeuuux cycupu ua
paspaofky B-2 u F-117. Ocoeuuo fpafufucn, kak okasanocu, uno ue ua fo: uereuku
npofofun no ceour xapakfepucfukar ue fonuko ue ycfynan arepukauckur copafunr, uo
pae koe e er ux npeeocxopun.
Bnpoer, cypufe caru: qauepuu uereuku orappupoeuk HO-229 ofcfaean e
ckopocfu of ucfpeufenn F-117 ua 100 kunorefpoe e ac u ecero ua 25 of ceoero auanora
B-2. anuuocfu pecfeun HO-229 u B-2 una opuuakoea u ua 300 kunorefpoe onuue, er
F-117. K fory e uereuku ueeupurka uren nyuu nokasafenu ofuoueuun oroeo
uarpysku k rakcuranuuory nefuory eecy, er sfu ypo-caronefu. Cfouf uauecfu
nocnepuu ypap no npecfuy qupru Hopfpon u nkou paofaeuux ua uee npuuenuuee:
ece uaseauuue naparefpu ua HO-229 pocfuranucu npu rouocfu peurafene, e pea pasa
reuuue, er ua B-2! To ecfu, ecnu nocfaeufu sfu peurafenu ua caronef Xopfeuoe, fo ou
no ecer naparefpar eecura cyecfeeuuo oopef ceoero arepukauckoro peouuka. H sfo
npu ecer npu for, fo cfourocfu HO-229 e pecnfku pas reuuue, a e npouseopcfee ou
npoe u fexuonoruuee.
Ha caror pene sfo caronefu-peouuku, pasnuakuecn pasee fo qopro
eospyxosaopuukoe ua peurafennx. Oa ouu urekf uefpapuuuouuyk cxery nefakero
2
kpuna ecxeocfku. Hekofopue sksernnnpy B-2 okpaueuu epuo kpacko ua ocuoee
rpaqufa, nornoake papuoeonuu. Ho fakoe nokpufue paspaofanu enepeue ueruu
ee eo epern eouu. HO-229 foe epuu, uo fonuko ue cuapyu, a usuyfpu, nockonuky
nop fouko qauepuo ouueko uaxopufcn cno kornosufa us ppeeecuoro yrnn, onunok u
knen, nornoaku usnyeuue papapoe.

H ee opua raneuukan ceucauun: uereuku npofofun un ueeupur ue e
papuonokauuouuor, uo u e uuqpakpacuor puanasoue, npuer fexuonorun raueuun
cocfeeuuoro uuqpakpacuoro usnyeuun peurafene B-2 una nofu nonuocfuk
ckonupoeaua qupro Hopfpon c uereukoro npofofuna nonyeekoeo paeuocfu. Tak fo
esypepuan peknara cynepeosrouocfe arepukauckux ueeupurok npuseaua nuuu
ckpufu fof qakf, fo, pacnonaran fpoqeuuru ysnaru u pefannru uereukoro npofofuna,
qupra npakfuecku paspaofana koucfpykuuk c xypuuru naparefparu. Tak fo ue cfouf
roeopufu o ruqueckor yacfuu e ux paspaofke uuonnauefuux cneuuanucfoe. Ckopee
rouo yfeeppafu, fo ouu nororanu uereukur koucfpykfopar

Rpureafenuua ucfopun noneneuun uereukoro caronefa-ueeupurku. B 1943 ropy
Feprau Fepuur oquuuanuuo oLneun koukypc ua npoekf peakfueuoro orappupoeuka no
nporparre 1000 x 1000 x 1000. Caronef poneu un neperecfufu oroeu rpys
1000 kunorparroe ua paccfonuue 1000 kunorefpoe co ckopocfuk 1000 kunorefpoe e ac.
Rpoekf Xopfeuoe npeesouen sfu fpeoeauun no ecer naparefpar, kpore ckopocfu, forpa
ee ue uno peakfueuux peurafene fpeyero rouocfu. Ho uno ee opuo ycnoeue:
npu kafacfpoquecko uexeafke y ueruee aeuauuouuux refannoe pnn sanycka e cepuk
caronef poneu un usrofoennfucn us pepeea no fexuonoruu, pocfynuo ua nko
reenuuo qapuke!
Epafun ycneuuo cnpaeunucu u c sfur ycnoeuer. Arepukauuu e npuuuune ue rornu
noefopufu nopouoe: qauepuu peakfueuu orappupoeuk e kouue XX eeka sfo
uouceuc! B pesynufafe eonnoeuuu e refann arepukaucku npoekf ycfynun pepeenuuory
npofofuny. Bcn koucfpykuun HO-229 usrofoennnacu us pepeea sa ucknkeuuer
ueufpanuuo uecye acfu, kapkac kofopo ceapueancn us cfanuuux fpy. Hu pkpann, uu
fer onee fufaua! Opuruuanuuo pocfuranacu u uuqpakpacuan ueeupurocfu, peurafenu
unu ynpnfauu rnyoko euyfpu qksenna. Hx ocoeuuocfuk uno uanuue cucferu
oxnapeuun peakfueuoro conna u cfpyu euxnonuux rasoe eospyxor, saupaerur nocne
nocnepue cfyneuu kornpeccopa, fo ecfu cospaeancn ceoeopasuu ynok us xonopuoro
eospyxa. 4upra Hopfpon nofu uenukor ckonupoeana sfy koucfpykuuk.
14 anpenn 1945 ropa arepukauckue eocka saxeafunu saeop eo 4puppuxcpope u
uaxopueuucn far rofoeu sksernnnp HO-229, a fake ueckonuko ero npofofunoe pasuo
cfeneuu rofoeuocfu. Bce sfo erecfe c epfearu uno nepenpaeneuo epes okeau u
nepepauo arepukaucko aeuauuouuo qupre Hopfpon. Cnycfn fpu pecnfunefun, korpa
papuonokauuouuue u uuqpakpacuue espueafenu seuufuux pakef cfanu cepuesuo yrposo
pnn carux coeepueuuux caronefoe, qupra, sanpocue y npaeufenucfea CLA
ruororunnuappuue cycupuu, usenekna us apxueoe cfapue uereukue epfeu, cfpnxuyna
c uux nunu u nepeeena koucfpykuuk us pepeea e refann, cnerka usreuue (e xypuyk
cfopouy) aspopuuaruky pnn pononuufenuuoro yeenueuun papuonokauuouuo ueeupurocfu
sa cef reorefpuu kpuna u qksenna. epeenuuory HO-229 sfo u ue fpeoeanocu Bce
ocfanuuoe cpenana peknara.
B saknkeuue cfouf uanoruufu ufafennr, fo arepukaucku nyuuu cynepnpoekf
penancn ua arepukauckue ponnapu fake e ocuoeuor rpynno ueuux uereukux
koucfpykfopoe eo rnaee c Bepuepor qou Epayuor. A pacefuan fpaekfopun nonefa k Pyue
kopane Anonnou una saurcfeoeaua us paofu coeefckoro pakefuka Kpun
Kouppafkka

Baneu1uu RCAROMHKOB
HPO, N 11 (227), 2002. C. 5.

TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Mapx Coxonoe

HACKA TOHET B BEPCHRX


Cnoeo Ns osuaaef recfo, rpe fnko ufu. Ho ppeeuue oufafenu nycfuuu
Hacka euueafu yrenu. Hanpurep, cfpounu cucfery akeepykoe, uanpaennn eopy
nopseruux ucfouukoe k ceour noceear. A pnn pacucfku sacopoe e nopseruux eopuux
nyfnx cospaeanu cneuuanuuue npoxopu, nocfeneuuo yxopnue cnupanuk euus ua rnyuuy
po uecfu refpoe. Hueuepuan rucnu ppeeuux cfpoufene nopaaef pae uauux
coepereuuukoe.

Bsrnnp cnepxy

peeuee knapue nop uaseauuer -ayunun uaxopufcn npunusufenuuo e 20 runnx
k kry of ropopa Hacka. Pkpu rupuo nokounucu specu ecero nuuu cfonefue uasap, korpa
rpaufenu uaanu ockeepunfu saxopoueuun. B nouckax rnuunuo nocypu unu fkaue ouu
paspacueanu enoeeeckue kocfu no ece nycfuue. Tar ruorue us uux ocfakfcn u
pouuue. Myruu eosepaeuu nuuu e 12 rorun, ofkpufux pnn ocrofpa. Ha necke
noseouku, pepa, npnpu eonoc... Myruu saxopoueuu e nose sapopuua. Y ruorux unu
pnuuuue eonocu, uekofopue epena ece ee ykpaueuu npueckaru. Cueua ue pnn
cnaouepeuux. yuepaspupakee eneafneuue npouseopnf ryruu pefe pae u
ceac, cfonefun cnycfn. Tenepu cfapauunru apxeonoroe ece epena, kak u pauuue,
opaeuu nuuor ua eocfok, ypfo pyf eocxopa conuua u eospopeuun us repfeux...
B asponopfy Hacku fypucfu eucfpaueakfcn e oepepu, fou sa 25 ruuyf (u 50
ponnapoe) ocrofpefu nycfuuk ceepxy. Caronefuku e ocuoeuor efupexrecfuue nunof
nnkc fpoe naccaupoe. Repep esnefor ecer pakf cxery rapupyfa, oxeafueakero
npunusufenuuo pkuuy quryp, kofopue npepcfouf yeupefu. Runof sanpauueaef y
pucnefepa paspeueuue ua esnef. -epes kakue-fo ruuyfu ropop ye nosapu, u uauuaefcn
nycfuun. 3arapouue nuuuu, cknapueakuecn e pucyuku, npocfupakfcn no ece ee
noeepxuocfu. Hx ykeanuuo fucnu, u ouu nokpueakf cofuu keappafuux kunorefpoe, uo
fonuko raneuuku npoueuf ux qoprupyef pacnosuaeaerue qurypu.
Caronef fo cuuaefcn, fo nopuuraefcn, ronoea uauuaef kpyufucn, uekofopur
naccaupar npuxopufcn ukxafu uauafupu. Ho npepcfouf ee yeupefu nayka, konupu,
nonyran u ppyrue qurypu. Hakoueu caronef penaef nocnepuu kpyr u eosepaaefcn e
ropop. Koe-kfo eufupaef xonopuu nof. Ho cfouno nu fepnefu fakue ryku apy, fpncky e
aefoyce, ecnkue renkue ueypocfea, sfof puckoeauuu nonef? Bepu pucyuku nycfuuu
Hacka fak u ocfakfcn fauo!

Haenme npune1c1nym1cn!

Coepereuuu ropop Hacka, rpe eunapaef reuee pkra (2,54 cr) ocapkoe e rop,
onsau ceour npoueefauuer ureuuo sfur fauucfeeuuur ppeeuur suakar. Enaropapn ur
ropop nonkunu fypucfu u... aeuafopu: onee pkuuu aeuakornauu npepnarakf ceou
caronefu capucu u oospeea ece ceepxy! nn fypucfoe noorae oprauusykfcn
uacfonue sqqekfuue aspouoy. Takue nonefu cfanu ofpacnuk skouoruku. Ha npuopuo
nauenu caronefa pykonucuan fanuka ua uecfu nsukax: -aeeue npueefcfeykfcn!
Hennoxo pnn nunuuoro ropopka c uaceneuuer npunusufenuuo 20 fucn enoeek,
pacnonoeuuoro e 450 kunorefpax k kry of Puru, e uecfu acax espu aefoycor. Cfafyu,
coofeefcfeykue qurypar e nycfuue, ykpauakf ropopckyk nnoapu. Pucyuku sfux quryp
noeckpy. Ypnuueuuu cunysf konupu ua eueeckax rarasuuoe, a usnuan nepuua

ua spauuu ryuuuunanufefa. Ha fpofyapax conuue ofpaaefcn e repuux uukpycfauunx
oesunuu u nayka. B fypucfcko nporparre ouuo qurypupyef uouoe noceeuue
nnauefapun. Marasuuuk cyeeuupoe e qoe nnauefapun oko fopryef uapqaru us
anunaku, rnuunuo nocypo a-nn Hacka u ecneckuru espenyukaru. Cnuuufcn rysuka
nepyaucko qnefu, oruu racuyf, u fu cnyuaeuu pacckas o npepnonaraero censu
sarapouux quryp c ueecuuru coseespunru. Ho sfo nuuu opua us eepcu.

Roun1uo k1o. uo saueu?

Y kaporo npuesakero ye ecfu ceon nkuran runofesa o sfux pucyukax. -fo-fo
fu npoufan. -fo-fo pacckasan suaku nonyfuk. A fo-fo rup. Bepu runofes onee
fpupuafu!
Tauucfeeuuue nuuuu sfo acfpouoruecku kaneupapu, cufakf opuu. Ho nuuu
2030% usyeuuux nuuu u nonoc onee unu reuee opueufupoeauu ua ueecuue oLekfu.
Ye euncueuo, fo c norouk quryp Hacku uenusn npepckasafu uu nyuuue, uu conueuue
safreuun, a us 186 uanpaeneuu ofpenuuux nuuu u koufypoe fonuko 39 accouuupykfcn c
Pyuo u Conuuer. Ho sfo ceac. A 20 eekoe uasap (ureuuo forpa nycfuuk ykpacunu
pocnucuk) c uanpaeneuunru ua npkue seespu coenapano rakcuryr 6-7 nuuu. Herycfo...
A y ruorux nkufene fauucfeeuuoro ecfu ceon usnkneuuan eepcun: specu una
nocapouan nnoapka HPO! Ha sfor nef copok uasap uacfauean ypuanucf Spux qou
euukeu e ceoer ecfcennepe Konecuuuu oroe. Kpufukoe uno ruoro. Ho korpa fu
cupuuu e ceccue u eupuuu, fo cuusy ua fen crofpnf coeuuue rnasa... acfpouaefa,
fu ye u ue suaeuu, fo pyrafu. Opua us ero pyk ykasueaef ua ueo, ppyran ua sernk.
Ero rnasa crofpnf npnro e feou. Rornnpu ua reun, kak u roeopuf fee sfof 1500-
nefuu acfpouaef 30-refpoeoro pocfa, fu roeuu pasrapafu rok fauy?
A fo fee ye useecfuo o sfo faue? Puuu fo, fo korpa-fo ueuue specu nkpu
saer-fo cospaeanu nuuuu u pucyuku ua serne. H fu uepoyreeaeuu: eepu epuucfeeuuu
cnoco yeupefu ece sfo c eospyxa. Ho kak nkpu, ueuue specu ee po uukoe, penanu sfu
usopaeuun, ue ypyu e cocfonuuu nefafu? A ecnu ouu ue rornu oueuufu ceou feopeuun
ceepxy, fo kako e crucn uno ux cospaeafu?..

Ap sauopoxeuuo ua1eua1uku

Pucyukoe specu useecfuo onee fpupuafu. Ho ue e uux rnaeuan sarapka nycfuuu
Hacka, a e nuuunx u nonocax, nepepesakux nycfuuk eo ecex uanpaeneuunx. Takux nuuu
onee 13 fucn! a ee okono 700 reorefpueckux quryp fpeyronuuukoe, fpaneuu,
cnupane. Bof sfo ece pnn ero?
Arepukaucku uccnepoeafenu epanup Xoykuuc uasean pucyuku nycfuuu Hacka
apor saropoeuuo raferafuku. Hpeanuuo poeuue nuuuu yerakf sa ropusouf,
nepecekakf eucoxuue pycna pek, esupakfcn ua xonru u cnyckakfcn e oeparu, u npu sfor
uuyfu ue ofknounkfcn of ceoero uanpaeneuun. Kak rouo uno poufucn sforo ua fako
nepeceeuuo recfuocfu?
Anna Tapacoeua Eenokouu, poccucku uccnepoeafenu, papuoqusuk u neu
Yqonorueko accouuauuu, eupeuuyna runofesy, fo ece sfu usopaeuun rornu ufu
eunonueuu fonuko c eospyxa eospecfeuer ua rpyuf nofokor uanpaeneuuo suepruu
ueuseecfuo uar npupopu. B kaecfee auanora oua npueopuf kpyru ua nonnx,
nonennkuecn ceropun eo ruorux cfpauax rupa, e for ucne u e Poccuu. Huae roeopn,
oua cufaef, fo qurypu nycfuuu Hacka sfo cnepu pucykero nya. Oua e nopcufaua;
fo pnn cospauun kornnekca sfux quryp epyuyk nofpeoeanocu u 100 000 enoeeko-nef!
A ecnu npepnonoufu, fo ece-faku sfo penanu epyuyk, fo eosuukuef ppyran sarapka. nn
cospauun nuuu u quryp ua eueuuo conuuer serne fpeoeanocu ecero nuuu cunfu
ee eepxuu ocapouu cno. Eypan, kareuucfan noea ypannnacu, a nop ue ouaanacu
ropaspo onee ceefnan ocuoea. H xofn rnyuua oposp ue npeeuuaef 30 caufurefpoe,
uupuua ofpenuuux nonoc po 100, a fo u po 200 refpoe! nn npoknapku
ruorokunorefpoeux nuuu ueoxopuro uno euuyfu 10 fouu sernu u karun! Kypa e
nopeeanucu fucnu kyorefpoe euuyfo nopopu? A eof sfo ueuseecfuo. Moef ufu,
rpyuf eucacueanu u yeosunu c coo fe, kfo paspucoeuean nycfuuk ceepxy nyaru?
!

Rpouue sarapku

Bof sarapka, kofopan cfouf ocounkor. Rpupopouan noapuan euuka paef
eosrouocfu pasrnnpefu pee qurypu pepeeo u napy pyk. Kak y acfpouaefa unu y
oesunuu, sfu pee pyku urekf fonuko peenfu nanuuee. Roery ue pecnfu? Sfo foe
rucfuka. Bof opuo us oLncueuu, npepnaraeroe rupor: e Hacka ueaef no peenfu
recnuee uerucnuro nefue apu, ofckpa u peenfu nanuuee ua pykax. Bepcun? a. Ho
cfpauuan...
Muorue cufakf, fo nopouo onuuuucfey narnfuukoe cfapuuu nuuuu u pucyuku
nycfuuu Hacka (e for ucne u peenfu nanuuee) urenu kynufoeoe suaeuue. Opuako nkue
pufyanuuue oLekfu ponuu u, npepe ecero, eospecfeoeafu ua yecfea nkpe. A eepu
sfu sarapouue usopaeuun c sernu ue eocnpuuurakfcn. Huae roeopn, cfaeka penanacu
ua ueecuux spufene?
Ho, roef ufu, uuonnauefnue fyf u uu npu er? Bosrouo, fe ppeeuue nkpu
ckaer, ueaupepfanuuu cyrenu pocfuu eucokoro ypoeun paseufun u ece-faku uayunucu
nefafu? Ckaer, ua npupyeuuux nepax? Hnu ua eospyuuux uapax, uanonueuuux
ropnur eospyxor? Hnu ua penufannauax? Bepu fakan runofesa foe paccrafpueanacu u
kak ypfo pae una pokasaua? Torpa pucyuku Hacku sfo popouue ykasafenu u kapfu
pnn eospyxonnaeafene?
Crenan eepcun. a. A uuae kak oLncuufu ofcyfcfeue fponuuok, npofonfauuux
feru, kfo roparu xopun ckpa ua paofy, cospaean pecnfku fucn reornuqoe? A eepu
noeepxuocfu nnafo fakoea, fo ua ue fofac ocfakfcn cnepu! a, fponuuku rouo uafu
ua cknouax xonroe, rpe pauuue ueanu recfuue kpecfunue. Ho uukakux fpon, ocfaeneuuux
fucnaru uor cfpoufene, ua caror nnafo Hacka ue ouapyeuo! 3uauf, npupefcn
ofeepruyfu u runofesy o for, ypfo usopaeuun cospaeanucu npocfuru sernekonaru.
A fo, ecnu pucyuku eoece u ue unu npepuasuaeuu pnn nkpe, ueuux e pauuor
peruoue? Torpa pnn koro? Moef ufu, sfo ceoero popa orporuan kuura, cospafenu kofopo
uapennucu, fo e panekor ypyer kfo-fo croef npoecfu nocnauun, uanucauuue ua
yuueepcanuuor nsuke raferafuku? Har noka fpypuo npepcfaeufu crucn sanoeuuo e
uux uuqoprauuu. a u pnn uac nu oua ocfaeneua?..
A noka ru sforo ue suaer, rnaeuoe coxpauufu fo, fo ecfu. Mepy fer ye upef
paspyueuue. Tak, npu cospauuu Rauarepukauckoro uocce npocfo paspesanu nononar 188-
refpoeoe usopaeuue penfunuu, eseosepafuo yuufoue acfu pucyuka...

Mapk COKOROB
HPO, N 5 (680), 2011. C. 67.
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 42 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Buxmop Bymaaun

XYAH MOPHU H RO3EMERLR ATRAHTOB

Apreufuucku npepnpuuurafenu, sfuonor u konnekuuouep fauucfeeuuux qakfoe
Huyu Xyau Mopuu popuncn e Beurpuu, uo onuuyk acfu usuu npoeen e Kuo Arepuke.
B 1965 ropy e esnkpuo recfuocfu sa okeauor ou ofkpun paseefeneuuyk cucfery
nopseruux korryuukauu uerucnuro ppeeuocfu, a efupurn roparu nose cpenan sfo
ofkpufue pocfonuuer oecfeeuuocfu, nop npucnro nocfaeue e useecfuocfu o uer
npesupeufa Skeapopa.

Kuuru us ue1anna

Ro cnoear caroufuoro uccnepoeafenn, sfo ruraufckoe paseefeneuue nopseruux
popor u fouuene npofnuynocu ua fucnu kunorefpoe, npoxopn, noruro Apreufuuu, fake
nop feppufopue Repy u Skeapopa. Cfeuu y fouuene unu rnapkuru u ofnonupoeauuuru,
a nofonku nnockuru u poeuuru, cnoeuo nokpufuru rnasypuk. oporu-npoxopu eenu k
ouupuur nopseruur sanar. B opuo us ranepe Mopuu nkou ouapyun
peapuafukunorparroeue kuuru us foukux refannueckux nucfoe pasrepor 96 ua
48 caufurefpoe. B uayuux kpyrax sfu nnacfuuu nonyunu uaseauue nnakefku.
Caroe ypueufenuuoe, fo ua kapo fako cfpauuue unu ofufarnoeauu nuo
eurpaeupoeauu sarapouue suaku. Xyau Mopuu u ero konneru-uccnepoeafenu, fakue kak
Cfeunu Xonn, Refpouuo Xaparunno u ecerupuo useecfuu Spux qou suukeu, cknouuu
npepnonarafu, fo sfo unuofeka ucesuyeue ppeeue uueunusauuu
Ro ppyrur eepcunr, e refannueckux kuurax sanucauu ucfopueckue npopoecfea
uukoe unu e suauun uuonnauefnu, korpa-fo npunefaeuux ua 3ernk. B ueufpe unuofeku
ycfauoeneuu npeprefu, uanoruuakue cfon u cfynun eokpyr uero, uo rafepuan, us
kofoporo ouu cpenauu, uukory ue useecfeu. Sfo ue kareuu, ue pepeeo u ue refann, uo,
ckopee ecero, uefo noxoee ua keparuky unu coepereuuue kornosuuuouuue rafepuanu.
Ropouue kornosufu, ocoo cfokue k eucokur fernepafypar u onapakue onuuo
npouocfuk, npureunkfcn, uanpurep, e aeuauuu u kocrouaefuke Ho ueyenu kfo-fo ror
penafu ux auanoru ruorue fucnu nef uasap?

3ono1o cauone1

Kpore foro, Xyau Mopuu ouapyun e nopserenunx ruoecfeo qurypok ueofuux,
cpenauuux us sonofa B sfor ceoeopasuor soonapke unu npepcfaeneuu cnouu,
kpokopunu, oesunuu, usouu, nryapu. Bce ouu cfonnu eponu cfeu sanoe u npoxopoe. Ha
nonax fouuene uno uapeuo ruoro uufepecuux pucyukoe. Ha opuor us uux usopaeu
enoeek, napnu uap nnauefo. Ronyaefcn, saponro po uuueuue spu kocrouaefuku
nkpu suanu o cqepuecko qopre 3ernu. Y ppyro uanonuuo qurypu npnroyronuuoe
feno u kpyrnan ronoea. Sfo cfpauuoe cyecfeo cfouf ua uape-rnoyce u pepuf e pykax
Pyuy u Conuue. Hapeua fake qurypa, kofopyk uasueakf knoyuor unu nunofor. Ha
ronoee ero uner c uayuuukaru, ua pykax nepafku K ero kocfkry, uanoruuakery
ckaqaupp, npukpenneuu konuuo u npoeopa
Cpepu ypueufenuuux uaxopok Xyaua Mopuua ecfu u uefo, eecura noxoee ua
cpenauuyk us sonofa ropenu ceepxseykoeoro naccaupckoro nauepa Koukopp. Opua
fakan qurypka una ofnpaeneua e ryse konyrucko cfonuuu Eorofu, a ppyran ocfanacu
nop serne. Hsyueuue ryseuu skcnouaf aeuauuouuue skcnepfu cknouuu nonarafu, fo
sfo pecfeufenuuo ropenu eospyuuoro cypua. Ropaakf ero reorefpuecku npaeunuuue
2
kpunun u eucoku eepfukanuuu kunu. Y nfuu nopouoro ue ecfpeaefcn.
4urypka caronefa cpenaua us ucforo sonofa, fo foe eecura sarapouo. Bepu e
npupope ucforo sonofa kak fakoeoro ue ecfpeaefcn. Caropopuoe sonofo npepcfaennef
coo npupopuu feeppu pacfeop cepepa c raccoeo pone po 43% e sonofe u
copepuf npurecu repu, enesa u ppyrux refannoe. -ucfoe e sonofo e uauu puu
nonyakf npu norou cneuuanuuo opaofku ua coepereuuux npepnpunfunx u
oopypoeauuu. Ofkypa e fakan fexuonorun una useecfua npepcfaeufennr ppeeue
uueunusauuu?
Ee opuu pucyuok, eurpaeupoeauuu ua nony fouuenn, usopaaef uckonaeroro
nepa. Ho eepu puuosaepu unu ua uaue nnauefe 65 runnuouoe u onee nef uasap! Car
e pucyuok pafupykf npurepuo IVIX fuc. po u. s. a u caru fouuenu uspnpuan sarapka.
ae e uaue epern ue cyecfeyef nopouux yuukanuuux fexuonoru cfpoufenucfea nop
serne. Kfo e forpa cror nponnaeufu e rpauufuux fonax upeanuuo poeuue fouuenu c
nonupoeauuuru cfeukaru, nepennefakuecn e nopoue ruraufckoro nopseruoro
reranonuca? Hepapor uccnepoeafenu nopo cknouuu roeopufu o for, fo sfo nnop
eueseruux fexuonoru npuuenuuee.

Ccopa Mopuua u qou auukeua

Hapo ckasafu, fo Xyau Mopuu un onuuur opuruuanor. Ou ecepues cufan, fo
eeurepckue kopuu neaf e ocuoeauuu qakfuecku kapo uueunusauuu, a, nooaeuucu
rpe-uuypu e rnyxorauu c uupeuaru, npuxopun k eueopy, fo fe enonue cuocuo nouurakf
uenue qpasu ua eeurepckor nsuke. -fo e kacaefcn oeuun c npesupeufor Skeapopa, fo
ouo pano ery kapf-nauu ua nonuu koufponu uap ofkpufuer Mopuu ror npurnacufu
uesaeucuroro uccnepoeafenn u npoperoucfpupoeafu qoforpaqueckoe ceupefenucfeo,
nopfeeppakee ofkpufue cefu nopseruux korryuukauu.
B 1972 ropy Xyau Mopuu ecfpefuncn c Spuxor qou suukeuor u npuoun ero k
faue, nokasae ery exop e neepuue naupuufu, kofopu nkou een e onuuo
nopseruu san. Cypn no ecery, nereupapuyk refannueckyk unuofeky qou suukeu ue
eupen, uo nuuu fouuenu, eepyue k ue. Ceouru eneafneuunru ureuufu ueeuapcku
uccnepoeafenu nopenuncn ua cfpauuuax ecfcennepa 3onofo oroe: Eeccnopuo, peu
upef ue o npupopuux opasoeauunx nopseruue kopupopu ceopaueakf cfporo nop
npnrur yrnor, ouu fo uupokue, fo yskue, uo cfeuu noeckpy rnapkue, cnoeuo
ofunuqoeauuue. Rofonku upeanuuo poeuue u ypfo nokpufu nakor. Ho opuo us
nofeuuuanuuo carux ceucauuouuux ofkpufu XX eeka eckope safyxno. Bepu e uufepeuk
uereukur uspauunr Lfepu u Lnurenu Huyu Xyau Mopuu ueoupauuo cfan ofpuuafu,
fo korpa-nuo uean e neepax c Spuxor qou suukeuor. Sfo nopopeano poeepue k
ueeuapuy, kofoporo cfanu nopospeeafu e for, fo ou nonpocfy cqapukoean ceou
ueeeponfuue qakfu, pokasueakue npucyfcfeue ua uaue nnauefe oroe ppeeuux
acfpouaefoe Xofn nerko uno nounfu ecnu u qou suukeu pecfeufenuuo
npepuarepeuuo nran, fo ou ue ocfaeun u uukakux kooppuuaf pnn censu ufafene c
Xyauor Mopuuer.

Eme opuu mar

Hecrofpn ua ucnopeuuue ofuoueuun c Spuxor qou suukeuor kuura cfopouuuka
feopuu naneoeusufa npuenekna ua cfopouy Xyaua Mopuua uoeux npueepeuuee. Opuur us
uux cfan arepukaueu Cfeunu Xonn. Mopuu u Xonn peuunu oprauusoeafu skcnepuuuk e
paou Kysea pe noc Teoc, rpe nkou u uaxopufcn exop e nopserenun c refannuecko
unuofeko. Hr uyuo uno nuuu uafu enoeeka c rporkur ureuer pnn qopranuuoro
pykoeopcfea skcnepuuue. Ha ponu fakoeoro ouu eupanu arepukauckoro acfpouaefa
Hena Aprcfpoura, kofopu, nopouo Xonny, uren uofnaupckoe npoucxopeuue.
Acfpouaef ofeefun, fo ou onee er enaef npucoepuuufucn k ruccuu.
B fe ropu e Skeapope npaeuna eoeuuan xyufa, u skcnepuuun cfana coerecfuur
npepnpunfuer skeapopcko u pufaucko apruu, kofopoe noppepana rpynna reonoroe,
ofauukoe u ppyrux cneuuanucfoe. Pkonufuo, fo kakoe-fo epern , sufysuacfu uapennucu
npueneu k pykoeopcfey skcnepuuue npuuua -apnusa, uesaponro po foro nonyueuero
3
yeuyk cfeneuu no apxeonoruu, uo uofnaupcku qakfop npu euope ueqa e koueuor
ufore okasancn peuakur.
Opuur us npauux coufu skcnepuuuu cfano fo, fo 3 aerycfa 1976 ropa Hen
Aprcfpour pecfeufenuuo cfynun e ppeeukk fouuenuuyk cucfery, uren uauc ee pas
snoxanuuo eofu e ucfopuk enoeeecfea. Hukakux cnepoe refannuecko unuofeku,
yeu, fak u ue uno uapeuo. 3afo yeuue kafanorusupoeanu 400 uoeux pasuoeupuocfe
pacfeuu u ouapyunu norpeanuuyk koruafy c saxopoueuuer, pafupoeauuur
1500 r. po u.s.
Huyu Xyau Mopuu yrep e 1991 ropy. Ou ecerpa fo-fo ueporoeapuean o
fauucfeeuuux nopserenunx. Rosfory epuuoruuneuuuku npoponunu noucku, no-ceoery
nufancu euecfu e uux ceok nefy. Fpaq Ruuo Typonna, uanpurep, cufaef, fo
refannueckan unuofeka nennefcn aconkfuur pokasafenucfeor npopoecfe Sprapa
Keca. Cfeunu Xonn ponrue ropu nufancn ysuafu fouue kooppuuafu exopa e neepu c
unuofeko of Refpouuo Xaparunno, uo fof yrep e 1998 ropy, yuecn c coo fauy.
Bnpoer, uoeu Hupuaua ouc uauero epereuu Cfsu Fpucf cufaef, fo nopnuuuu
exop e saeefuyk neepy ckpuf nop eopo, u uapeefcn oprauusoeafu e paou Kysea pe noc
Teoc ceok oopypoeauuyk no nocnepuery cnoey fexuuku skcnepuuuk.

Buk1op BYMAFHH
iHPO, N 20 (685), 2011. C. 6.