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Arimbi,Sp.P
Definisi Atelektasis
Keadaan alveoli paru sebagian / seluruhnya tidak terisi udara / kolaps, akibat hambatan aliran udara yang melewati bronkhus dan percabangannya.
Etiologi Atelektasis
1. Penyebab intrinsik - Sumbatan dalam lumen bronkhus 2. Penyebab Ekstrinsik - Penekanan bronkhus dari luar lumen -Tekanan Ekstra Pulmonal - Paralisis gerakan pernapasan
4. Hambatan gerakan pernapasan Kelainan Pleura atau Trauma thoraks menahan rasa sakit menurunkan gerakan paru hambatan pengeluaran sekret atelektasis
Atelektasis Neonatorum
menurun ) Takikardi ( kerja jantung memberat ) Panas tinggi ( sumbatan akibat adanya lendir / keradangan dalam saluran napas ) Penurunan kesadaran s/d syok
Adhesive Atelectasis Alveoli are kept open by the integrity of surfactant. When there is loss of surfactant, alveoli collapse
Relaxation Atelectasis The lung is held in apposition to the chest wall because of negative pressure in the pleura. When the negative pressure is lost, as in pneumothorax, the lung relaxes to its atelectatic position.
Round Atelectasis Mass like density Pleural based Base of lungs , Blunting of costophrenic angle . Pleural thickening . Pulmonary vasculature curving into the density Esophageal surgical clips ( Asbestosis )
Atelectasis Right Lung Open Bronchus Sign / Alveolar Atelectasis/ Cornified Lung Homogenous density right hemithorax Mediastinal shift to right Right hemithorax smaller Right heart and diaphragmatic silhouette are not identifiable
Atelectasis Left Lung Homogenous density left hemithorax Mediastinal shift to the left Left hemithorax smaller Diaphragmatic and heart silhouette are not identifiable
Sub-segmental Atelectasis Also note the posterior mediastinal mass in the left
RML Atelectasis Vague density in right lower lung field (almost a normal film). Dramatic RML atelectasis in lateral view, not evident in PA view. Movement of transverse fissure.
Atelectasis Right Upper Lobe Density in the right upper lung field Transverse fissure pulled up
Atelectasis Right Lower Lobe Density in right lower lung field Indistinct right diaphragm
Atelectasis Right Lung Homogenous density right hemithorax Mediastinal shift to right Right hemithorax smaller Right heart and diaphragmatic silhouette are not identifiable
Atelectasis Left Lower Lobe Double density over heart Inhomogenous cardiac density Triangular retrocardiac density Left hilum pulled down