You are on page 1of 175

( )

) (

1390

____________________________________

) (
:
:
: 1390
:
www.koukh1.blogfa.com
khosrow.sb@gmail.com

1 ...................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................
: 3 ..................................................................................................
: 15 ...............................................................
: ! 35 ........................................................
: 51......................................................................................
: 61 ...........................................................................................
: ! 69 ...................................................................................................
: 72 ..................
: 85 ..................................................................
: 92 .....................................................................................
: 107 .......................................................................
:.. ! 117 .....................................................
: 121 ...................................................................
: ! 128 .............................................................
: ! 138 ........
: 143 .....................................
: ! 149 ...................................
: 156 ........................................
: 160 ..................................................................................................
: ! 170 .......................................................................................
: 173 ....................................................................................






.
.

.
- .


.
.

.

.
.

.
.




) (
.
:
.

.
.

.

.
.
.
" " .

. .
. .

.
.
. . .

) (
)

( .
.
.
.
2
) (
) ( )
( . .

Neo-liberalism
Berton woods

1
2

4

) .(104 :1386

.
.

.
- -
).(105 :


)
.(8:1386
).(Coburn, 2000:138
.
.

. )
(
. ) (


) ( ).(9 :1386
.
:

5
-1 .
-2 ) (
.
-3 ).(Coburn, 2000:138
3
:
-1 1 .
-2
.
-3 ).(Bods and Morse, 2009:148
2 ).(Ibid:145

3 .
. 4
.

) ( .
).(9-10:1388

).(Brown, 2006:12


.
).(225 :1386
1

Deregulation
Exchange
3
)Leon Wallras (1834-1910
4
)Fernand Braudel (1902-1985
2

6

.
.

2
).(298 1384
.
.
.
.


.
.
.

.


-
).(175 :1387

.
:

Neo- Conservatism
Conservatism

1
2

7
:
.
:
.
:
) .(213 1383
1970 .

. .
.
.

.
.
.
).(185 :1387
) (
.
.

) .(185 :1387
).(186


)( .

. 1990
1 2
-3 .
).(35:1389
) (
. -1 : / -2
-3 )(.
.

Heritage Foundation
Cato Institute
3
American Enterprise Institute
2

9
.
)
( .
:


.
. ).(186 :1387

1 . 1980
1970
.
.

.


.
.

.
.
:

New Right

10

.

) :(187 :1387


) (1918 -1939
.

.
.

.

.

11
1944
.
1
.

.
:

) ( )(

. ) (1950
.


. 1995
1990 .
3
) (Kiely, 2003:5
. 4


).(Steger, 2002:26
5
.

)General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT


Bank for Reconstruction and Development
3
Labor-friendly
4
Welfare state
5
Fordist
2

12

).(Johnson2000:273


.
.


.
1 .

1970 .


).(Kiely, 2003:8

-

.
.

.
1980 1990
.
1949


.
.
Development-friendly

13

1989-1999 .

1
2
.
.

).(steger, 2002:27
:
) .(1384 . ) .(1387 ) (
.
) .(1386 . ) .(1388 ) ( ) .(1389 )( .
) .(1383 : .
) .(1386 : 14 .100 -124
) .(1386 .- Brown, Wendy (2006).American Nightmane: Neoliberalism, Neoconservatism, and DeDemocratilization, Political theory: 34; 690.
- Boas, Tylor and Jordan Morse (2009). Neoliberalism: From New Liberal Philosophy to AntiLiberal Slogan, www.springer.com

Keynesian
Competition state

1
2

14
- Coborn, David (2000). Income Inequality, Social Coheision and The health status of
Polulations: The Role of Neolieralism, Social Science & Medicine.51
- Johnson, Allan (2000).The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology, Oxford: Blackwell
- Kiely, Ray (2003).Global Social Movements after Seattle: The Politics of Anti-capitalist
protest, Paper presented to conference on Global protest Movements and Transnational
Advocacy Networks, Doblin, March6
- Steger, Manferd (2003).Globalism: the New Market Idology, Lanbam: Rowman and Littlefield
Publishers.



... .

.





.

. 1
2

Washington Consensus
)Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs

1
2

16



.

.



.


. )
(
.

:

...

- CNN - :
- -
.
) (1385 :
: ""
""

17


1980

.

.
1980
:


.


) .(244 :1385

.


) .(286:1386
:
-1 :
1989 .
:
( .
(
.

John Williamson

18

-2
) (
.
-3
.

.

. 1980
) (UNICEF
).(Williamson, 2004:2

:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6 )( .
-7
.
-8

.
-9 ) .(216:1386
-10 ) .(245:1385

19



).(Rodrick, 2006

)(
:
.
)(246:1389

).(245 :

.

. .
.
) .(248 :1385


.
.


).(8 :1385
.

).(Held, 2004

20

) (
.
1986 .

: )( 4
.
) .(1385


.







.



. 5 :
.

.
Post-Washington Consensus
Bad onimode

4
5

21

6 7
) .(Standing: 1991:6


.
8 .

.

.


).(Hamilton, 1990
:
.
13 :
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6 .
-7 .
-8 .
6

Guy Standing
Victor Tokman
8
Trikle-down
7

22

-9 .
-10 .
-11 ) (...
-12 .
-13 ).(115:1386
:
-

.

.

.
.

.
:



.

23



.
.

.
.
.

.
1960 1980
. 1982
.
1985 .
. .

).(113:1386



) .(82:1382

24



. :
. 1357


1367 .
.
) .(27:1387

25

.
.

.
)(.

.
-
.

.
1369 .
1357 . . IMF Survey
30 1990 .

.
).(89 :
)(
)26:1386
.(83/6/4

.

).(30:1386
60
.
.

26



)
.(9:1386

.
.
.
4 8
12 6
10
4 6
).(218:1384

.

) .(

1374 1384 ) (19:1386 1374 1384
. 1374

).(32:1386

.
.

.

27

.
.
).(32:1386

.

).(26:1386

) .(56:1378
) .(124:1384
10 1381
) (1380 . :
-1
.
-2 ) . (
.
-3
)(26:1386
1384

)
.(32:1386
1384
. 16
.

28

1384
.
.

) .(107:1387
.

.

.
.

.

: 1371
.


.
).(1388

. 44 :
) .
.(87/3/7


29

) (

.
: 5
.

).(1388



-
-
.

-
) ( ).(16-19:1388 :

.

.


.
9
10
Embedded Economy
Disemedded Economy

10

30


.

.

) . .(20-21 :1386



) .(28:


.

)( .

).(1388

:
) .(1388 :


) .(.


.
.

31

1385
.
.
:
) (1385
. 44
) 1388
.(1385/12/17

. 11 12

.


.

.
.
:
7
).(Guillaume and Zytek, 2010

7 19 1390 .
.

Dominique Guillaume
Roman Zytek

11
12

32


).(IMF, 2011
3.2
2011
.
.
2011

IMF
.



.


.


.


.

33
:
) .(1384 . 70
) .(1387 . ) .(1384 . ) .(1386 .7 ) .(1378 .19 ) .(1385 25.261
.(1386) -------------------- ) ( . .(1388) --------------------
http://www.akhbar-rooz.com/article.jsp?essayId=26790
) .(1388 .
http://www.iccim.ir/fa/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7372:1388-09-25-1250-13&catid=374
) (1387 .http://www.saamaan-no.org
) .(1388 ) ( http://alborznet.ir/Fa/ViewDetail.aspx?T=2&ID=231
) .(1385 . . ) .(1389 )( .
) .(1386 .49 .(1388) ----------------
http://www.akhbar-rooz.com/article.jsp?essayld=26760
) .(1386 . )( ) .(1385 .
) .(1388 : http://alborznet.ir/Fa/ViewDetail.aspx?T=2&ID=253

34
- Guillaume, Dominique and Roman Zytek (2010), Iran to Cut Oil Subsidies in Energy Reform,
interview with Guillaume and Zytek, IMF Survey online,
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2010/int092810a.htm.
- Hamilton, Clive (1989). The Irrelevance of Economic liberalization in the third World, world
Development, Vol .17, No.10
- Held, David (1995).Democrasy and Global Order: from the Modern State to Cosmopolitan
Governance. Polity Press: Cambrige
- IMF (2011). Statement by IMF Article IV Mission to the Islamic Republic of Iran,
http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2011/pr11228.htm
- Rodrik, Dani (2006). Goodbye Washington Consensus, Hello Washington Confusion?, Harvard
University, http://ksghome.harvard.edu.
- Standing, Guy and Victor Tokman (1991), Towards Social Adjustment, Internation Labor
office, Geneve.
- Williamson, John (2004).The Washington Consensus as policy prescription for Development,
Institue for International Economies, www.iie.com


:


.

.


.
.
******




(1).

36


-



.

.
.
.

. ....
!

.

.

.


.


.

37
.
.
2001
:

.
.

. .
4 52000 .
.

. 2
.
.
)(2
)
(


.
. 1947 1973
) 80 ( 80 ) .
1(

Real Dollars

38
1973 ) (
.
) (3
.



.
...


.

.
- - .
.

-
-
).(4

.
.
.
.

39
.
).(5

. ) ( .

.
.
. 1980
.
).(6
:
1980 2000
) ( . 20
.
1000 .
) 13 ( ).(7

.

. 1970
. 15 )
( 0/1 .
2 1978 6 1999 .
30 1970 500 2000
).(8

40

http://www.epi.org/publications/entry/webfeatures_viewpoints_globalization_works_4all :


.
1992

:

.
.
.

.
1990 1948
. 8
4 ) ( .

Productivity

41

.(9) .
. .
. UNCTAD 1997 2600

.
).(10
1980 .
50
. 1970
.
37 97
80
1990

60 30
).(11

.

.


.
.

.

42


.

.
.
.
) .
.(12) (.

. :

) . (2007


.

).(13

19 %15

%80 1 1 9
HIV 40 %13 1980
- %20 -
%48/5 24
20 400 )
( 1980

43
%400 10 3
%70 ) 80 ( %38 1
5 1995
1/8 3
1996 %70 %66
1991 500
.
2000
. 1990
300 ) (
300 100
40 %57
%5 ).(14


. 40
130 4 -
-.
150


.


. 1970
. .

44
.


.
.
.
).(15




).(16


.

.
.
:


.
.
.

.

45
.

.

).(17





.


44 :

) .
(87/3/7
1990 3

) (IMF
. :


).(18

Washington Consensus

46
1385
.


44 .
:
) (1385
. 44
).(19



).(20

60 ) (88/7/28
)
.(88/3/25
.
.
: ) (88/7/25
) ( ) (
) ( .
1980 ) 500 (
) (
1980 .
"" ...
...

47
: " " ...
.. ... .
....
.
:
" ." ).(21

.

.


.
12
.
460 60
6 1987 42 1994
).(21

:
.
.
.

.
22 88 4
. )(

48
.

4 .
5 6
) ( .
2000 : .

).(22


.
1388 .
.

.
)(

...
- CNN - :

- - .

).(23

Common Sense
Le patronat
6
Le forces de la nation
5

49
7
5 ) (1917 ) (1985
4 1000 )4000
( ).(24
1989 2 2
23/8 .
40 4 .
50 .
).(25

.

.

.
. )
( .

.

.

.

shock therapy

50
:
-1 .
2- The Global Benefits of Equality by Joseph Stiglitz, The Guardian, Sept./8/2001.
3-The Economics of Empire: Notes on Washington Consensus, William Finnegan,Harpers
Magazine May/10/2003.
-4 ) .(1387 : .153
-5 ) .(1388 : .21-23
-6. ) .(1386 .. 8.9
7- CEO Pay Ponzi Scheme by Holly Sklar, commondreams.org Apr./12/2001
-8 ) .(1386 : .28
-9 ) .(1373 ) ( : .44
10- Susan George, A Short History of Neoliberalism,
http://www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?page=archives_george_bangkok.
-11 www.golshan.mohit.com
-12 ) .(1387 ) (1
-13(2)
-14 ) .(1383 : .
-15 ) .(1384 : 132-133
-16 ) .(1378 : .22
17- Polany, The Great Transformation
18- Paul Krugman, Emerging Market Blues, Foreign Affairs, (July-August 1995).
-19 870 .1385/12/17
-20 ) .(1388 : .22
-21 ) .(1378 : .6
-22 ) .(1387 : .79
-23 ) .(1385 :
.
-24 ) .(1378 :.
-25 ) .(1384 : .191


.
.
" . "2010

1990



.


.


.

52
.


.

.

.

.

.
: ).(16:1388

.
.
.
.
).(370- 378 :1378

.
. ) . (
. .
.
.

. :

53
-. . . . . . . . ).(382 : .


.


.
.
.

).(255:1385


.

).(1382:11

54
.
).(12 :



).(275:1386

.


.
.
) (14:1382
).(17:1390


.

) .(276:1386

.
!
1 . 2

) .(47:1388
Consumer Democrasy
Davod Korten

1
2

55
.

.
.

. .



) .(10:1384 3
! )
.(152:1389 .

.
.
.
.
) (G8
.
.

).(109 :

) (9:1388
.

Robert Dahl

56
.



! ) .(212-1385:214


.
) .(48:1384


.
-
.
(1 :
(2
(3
.
.
:

.

.
.
.

57

)( ).(1387
) ( -
: - -
- . -

)
( )
( )(.

- - .


1980
.
-

.

.

.

. -


).(1386

58
4

1970 .

.
:
.
).(23:1389
: 5 -1 :
-2 -3
-4
.
.
.

).(87-88 1375

.
1982
:

)(199:1389
6

.
4

Agosto Pinoche
Keith Griffin
6
Stephen Heggard
5

59
.
.
-
- . 1980

) ..(203-204 :
.
.

.

.
)(16:1388




.
)
( ).(16 :

) (
.
.


.

60

.
:
) .(1388 .
) .(1389 . ) .(1387 .52 ) .(1384 . ) .(1388 ) ( . ) .(1390 .
) .(1388 . ) .(1389 )( .
) .(1376 . ) .(1386 ) (
.
) .(1382 .
) .(1384 .
) .(1388 . ) .(1385 .
) .(1389 )
(2010 27 6-7.
) .(1385 . ) .(1378 . .(1386) ------------- .- IMF (2011). IMF Members' Quotas and Voting Power, and IMF Board of Governors:
http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx

150

) (Monetarism
:


) (1
) .(2




- -
(3) .

62
(4) .


.


.

.

.
.
80

.


.

.
.
) (Tricke down )
( .(5) .

63

).(6

.
) (7 )(Post Washington Consensus

) .(8


).(9

.


.
.

. ) 23
(
! .


.

64

.
.
.
.
. .
.

).(10

:
-1



.

.
-2
-3

-4
-5 ) (.
-6 ... .
-7 .
-8
.

65

.
.

)(Commodification

) (Consumerism .

.
) (
).(11

. :

(12).
) .(13
.

.
.
. .
. .

.
. .

) (Social Exclusion ).(14

.

66
.
).(15
) (

.
.



.

.

.
) (16

) ( .
.

).(17

-
.
.
.

67
.


. -
.


:
.

.(18) .
:
-1 150
1380 .279
-2 1844 1377 .223
3 .223
-4 .223 -224
-5 1386 .94
-6
1386 24 .36-37
-7 :
http://www.scribd.com/full/39434851?access_key=key-i1oukmznr3vk73851d1
-8 :
http://khosrosadeghi.com/49.doc
-9 ) (
.
.
:
.1387

68
-10 . 1383
.128-130
-11 .231-232
-12 1389 .81
-13 ) ( . 1384 .88
-14
http://akhbar-rooz.com/article.jsp?essayId=38092
-15 1387 .136
16- Jonathan Friedman, Cultural Identy & Global process, London, Sage, 1994, p 191.
17-, Leslie Sklair, Competing Conception of Globalization, Journal of world system Research,
vol: 2, 1998, p 303.
-18 1358 11 .17
* 70
.

!

) (


:

.


.
:
10 20
.

70
:
5
).(88/08/26
:
1945 1950
.



!


:
-1
.
-2
.
-3 .

.
-4
.
.
.

.

71
!
.
-5
.
-6


.



- -
.



.




) ..(3:1389

73
80
.

.

.

.
.


.
)
.(94:1384

.

.

1944 2
.
.
.
).(33:1384

Process

New Hampshire

74


.

80

).(38 :
1989
3 .


. :
.

. 4
:
).(246:1389
) (

).(95:1384
) (
.
) (SAPs ).(12:1386
5 1980
1983
3

Washington Consensus
Joseph Stiglitz
5
Davison Budhoo
4

75
" "" "
1983 1988
) ..(246:1389

.
.
)(IMF
1945 29


1947 .

183 ) . (82:1388
183
4 8
)
( .
85
. 78/17
66/22 .
) .(132:1384 .
).(103:1388
80

.

76

).(34:1384

6 .
.

.


:
.
1997 2000
.

) .(211:1387

. .
) .(83:1388


) .(606:1365 1982

.

.

Monetarism

77
)
.(103:1388
:


)(WB


.
.
.


.

) .(85:1388
80
.

78
) ( ...
.

.

).(35:1384

.
: 1980
20 1980
) .(31:1387
20
1/4 1980 1/2 1998 .
1987 1998
28 24
) .(World Bank, 2001:3
2015 )
.(159 :1388
1980

.

).(73:1384

.
370

79
.
.
7
2 3 5
.
) .(51 :1386
1.25 .

. 1.25


.

.

.
.
.
.
).(56:


- ).(98 :1383

Maichel Chossudovsky

80
)(WTO


.
1947

.
1948 .

.
. 1986
1995 .

1996 .



.
:
- ) (

81
).(282:1384

.

.
)
.(78 :1388

.

.
.
.

.
) (
.
143 21
- 8
- .

:
.

The quad

82

).(161 :1388
3/ 5 .
.

.
2002 3/9 ) (
.
).(1388:132

:

.

.

500 . :

).(1387







.

83

.
.
) (Global

-
) (G8 .


.

.
.
:
) .(1384 . ) .(1387 .
) .(1384 . ) .(1388 )( . ) .(1386 .
) .(1386 . ) .(1383 ) ( .
) .(1389 .
) .(1387 ! . - ) .(1365 .

84
) .(1384 .
) .(1389 )( .
) .(1388 . ) .(1384 .
) .(1388 . ) .(1387 .
- World Bank (2001). Global Economic Prospects and Developing Countries, Washington Dc:
World Bank.


!
*

) . (

93



.
.

.


.

.

.
.

)( ) (
) (
.

.

.

.


.

94


) (



.


.
: .
.

.
.
.



.


2008 50
40 50
.
1997 2001
2001 2007 1/5
).(1

95


. 2009

17/6 120,000 ).(2

.
) (
.
.(3) .



. .
.


:

! .
:


...
.

.
.

96

][ ...

.

... .
) 1 (
.
: :
)

( .

.
.
) ( .

.
.
.

) (
.
.

.
- -
.

97

. -
.
.
.
.
).
( .
.
. .(4) .
1


.
.


.


.

.


.

Symbolic Violence

98


.

.


.

) (5 2007 446000
) .(6

.

.


.

.
.
1922

.

.
.

99


.
2
.

.

.
3

.
.
.

. :
! 4 .
) (
!
.
. .

... .
.

.
2

Manufacturing Consent
Consumerism
4
Slumdog Millionaire
3

100

15 2005 .

82 .


.
(7).

. 2005
.

.

.



.
5

.
).(8




101


.

:
.
.


.




99
.
.

25

.
.

.

.

102

.



.
.

.



][
5
() 6 ] 7[.
)( .
.
.

.

.

).(9


5

Dualism
Conflict
7
Evolution
6

103



:

:


. .
.
:
. .
. (10). .


.

.
.

.

.

104

.
) - .(11) (2006
) (12


.

-


.
:
2005

118 -
. 8 !! ..
..

-
.
:

105

NewYork Times


23Carlyle Eli Lilly Ford
Johnson & Johnson Hallmark Lehman
Brothers Staples .Pepsi

Washington Post

Lockheed Martin Coca Cola Gillette


Dun & Bradstreet GE Investments J.P Morgan
.Moodys

Knight-Ridder

Adobe Systems Echelon


H&R Block Kimberly-Clark
.Starwood

The Tribune
(Chicago Tribune
), LA Times

3M Allstate
Caterpillar Kraft Conoco Phillips
Mc Donalds Pepsi Quaker
) Oats ( Shering Plough
.Wells Fargo

)News Corp (Fox


)GE (NBC

British Airways .Rothschild Investments


Anheuser-Busch Avon
Bechtel Chevron Texaco Coca Cola
Dell ) (GM Home
Depot Kellog J.P. Morgan Microsoft
Motorola .Procter & Gamble

)Disney (ABC

Boeing Northwest Airlines


Clorox Estee Lauder FedEx
Halliburton Kmart
Mc Kesson Staples .Yahoo

)Viacom (CBS

American Express Consolidated Edison


Oracle Lafarge North
.America

Gannett

) (AP Lockheed Martin


Continental Airlines Goldman Sachs Prudential
Target .Pepsi

AOL Time)Warner (CNN

Citigroup Estee Lauder


- Colgate-Palmolive Hilton

106

:
http://www.globalpolicy.org/social-and-economic-policy/-1
http://www.cafb-acba.ca/documents/HungerCount%202009%20media%20release.pdf -2
-3 ) .(1387
-4 ) .(1387
tp://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/housing/2007-11-01-foreclosures_N.htm -5
http://blogcritics.org/politics/article/number-of-unemployed-americans-soars-over -6
-7 ) .(1387 385-386
-8 ) .(1387 126
-9 ) .(1383
(Howard zin:"Decloration of Independence",Harper Collins,1990:3) -10 :

-11 :
http://www.chomsky.info/letters/20091130.htm-12
* : ) .(1385
: .
* ) 64 (89
.


:
: )(

: 1389
737 16500


. )
1984 (

108
:


.
) (1


.
)(


. 70 80

.
1384
.
)(
.

44 :
) . .(87/3/7


.
***

109
1
2007 .

30 . 2005
) (
.
20 35

-
.
)(
. :
-1 )(
1385
-2 ! ) (
)( .1387
-3 )(
.1388



.

. 2

Naomi Klein
Milton Friedman

1
2

110

.
.

.
:
3
.

).(17:1389
: )
( .


.
.
:
) (10 :
4
.
5
1950 .


).(11 :
3

Shock and Awe


Tabula Rasa
5
Ewen Cameron
4

111

.

.
1984
: . ).(47 :

).(11 :


.
.
.

:
. . ) ..(18 :


) .( .
.
3 :
.
) ..(19 :
6 :

) .(21 :
American Enterprise Institute

112
)
( .

1970


(Stiglitz,
).2007

.
. 6 9
.
.

.

17 -
).(13:1389

)(23 :
:
!!
).(13 :
:
:
)(.

113
30 )
(
.

.

:
15 .
(
.
. .
-
).(24 :
)

(
- ) .(.

.

21 .

) (2 .


:

114
2001
. 2006
.

.


.
61 .

.
. :
.
).(642 :


.
)7 (

.

.

)
8
Chicago School
Friedrich Von Hayek

7
8

115
1982
(.

-
.

:

.
:
-1 )( ) (Washington Consensus 1989
) (John Williamson 10 .
)
( ).(Rodrick, 2006
:
( .
(
).(Williamson, 2004:2

).(Rodrick, 2006

)(
: .

) (246:1389
).(245 :
-2 .

.

116

. (Harnecker, 2010)
:
( ) .(1388) http://www.akhbar-rooz.com/article.jsp?essayId=24683
)( : .(1389) .
- Harnecker, Marta (2010). Latin America & Twenty-First Century Socialism: Inventing to
Avoid Mistakes*,
http://www.monthlyreview.org/100701harneckerIntro.php.
.*
- Rodrik, Dani (2006). Goodbye Washington Consensus, Hello Washington Confusion?, Harvard
University,
http://www.ksghome.harvard.edu/~drodrik/Lessons%20of%20the%201990s%20review%20_JE
L_.pdf.
- Stiglitz, Joseph (2007). Bleakonomics, New York Time, September
30,http://www.nytimes.com/ 2007/09/30/books/ review/Stiglitz-t.html.
-Williamson, John (2004).The Washington Consensus as policy prescription for Development,
Institue for International Economie,
http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/williamson0204.pdf.
.( 1389 ) 258 -259 *

.. !
... :


Vertigomagazine .
1
50

.



.
..

.
Cultural Studies

. . ! 118

.


.

2 3 .
.. ) (B.M.V

.

.. :

. :
-1 .
-2 .
.


.

.

.

Power
Pleasure

2
3

. . ! 119
1357


.


: ..!.


.. .



) (125 :1382
).(190 :
..
..
.
.
.
.
).(16 :1386
.. .


!

. . ! 120
..
..

.
.. !

.
:
) .(1382 1844 : ) .(1386 :- Valizadeh, Vahid (2010), LETTER FROMTehran: Feel the Power, Experiece the Pleasure,
Conterporary Tehran and its visual culture,
http://vertigomagazine.co.uk/showarticle.php?sel=cur&siz=0&id=1154


. 1880
.

122
8 .
.
8

1886 5000 350
. 9
. 6
.
8 .
.
.
18
.
1888
8
1890 .
.
.
!

) (

.


.

123


.


.

)( )(

.
...
.

.
.



.



.
-

124

.

.

.
) (


. 1
2
.
) 24 (2007
:


.
.
.


. %20 350 .
. 250000
(1).

Warfare
walfare

1
2

125

.
: )(
57 )( .
1993 114
5
78 1988
5 . 25
20 12

.
.
.


.
3
2010 : 30
.

.
20
50 . 40
12 . 50
20 12 40

Business Pandit

126
! .
.

.

.


.
.
2001 2003 10 10
2/5 . 20 20
2006 2009 40 .
. :
)
( .
.

.
.
.

.
.
...

127

.


.

.

.

.

.
.




- .


.
:
1- Yates, Michael (2004). Poverty and Inequality in the Global Economy, Monthlyreview vol 55.
* 90/2/15 .


:
- .

129
. 10. . . . 50. 40 .
. . ! )(1
: . -

. )
!(
.

130

.

) ( !.
) (2

.


. :
1 Knowledge is Power . .

.

.

.
! .
.
-
. :



.
.
Knowledge-based Society

131
)
( .
(3).

.

.
) (1997
.



.

:
: : ! . : !

) (4 .

- . .

Classification

132
.
. .

85 .
.
.
. .
(5) .


.

.
.

.

.
.
) (1
.
.
80
.
1990 .

133

- .
.
) :(1 80
)(6) (1979 -2003



.

.

)
18
2008 : )( 3 45

266 ( .
Morgan Stanley

134

.
-
) (2
. ) (1
.
4 5 70
.
) :(2 )(7) (2003 -1947

) (3
) (1979-2005
.

Productivity
Real median family income

4
5

135
) :(3 )(9) (1979 -2005

1992

:

.
.
.

.
1990 1948
. 8
4 ) ( .

).(9
: 1973
245 ) 6( .
50 .

136
.
.
.
.
.


(8).

.

.
:
-1 .
-2 :
: ) (
1386
-3 ) .(1387 .
-4 ) (Globalization .
) (
)
(.
-5 77 ).(2000
6- Henwood, Doug (2010). The Productivity Squeeze,
http://www.socialistpartynyc.blogspot.com/2010/05/productivity-squeeze.html.
7- Shapiro, I., & Friedman, J. (2006). New, Unnoticed CBO Data Show Capital Income Has
Become Much More Concentrated at the Top. Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy
Priorities.

137
! -8
http://khosrosadeghi.com/10.doc .
9- Mishel, Lawrence (2007). Globalization that works for working Americans,
http://www.epi.org/publications/entry/webfeatures_viewpoints_globalization_works_4all/.
.44 : ( ) .(1373) -10

Income Distribution Across the Worlds 7Billion

Source: National Geographic, The World of Seven Billion


:
! *

:


:





.



)(

! 139
.
.


.
.
) (Methodology .
-
.
.

.

) (Torturing the data .

! ) (Torturing the criteria
.
) (1 .
1380-1386 :

1380

1382

1383

1384

1385

1386

14.2

11.8

10.4

11.5

11.3

10.5

1380 -1383 1384


1384 1386 .

1384 . 1383
1384 84 .

! 140
1383 :

1384 :
10
.
48
!
.

.

.
.
*******

.
.
. 78
.

.
.
.
.

. :

! 141



.
) 36(
1990 .
.
578 ) 13( -
20 ) 50( .
. 15

.
41.8
25.7 .

.
!
50

. 15 ) 35( 2400 )
(

. 600 ) 14(
3000 ) 65( .


!.

! 142
1.25 )
( 45
. 2 80 .
.
.
26000
1.25 .




.
.
.
.

!
:
-1 http://www.amar.sci.org.ir
* ) 68 (90 .

!
1980
"" . "2010



.




.

.
.

144

.
-
.
) (UNDP 1990 .
:
.
.

.
(UNDP, 1994) .
) (HDI :
) ( ) .(GDP
.
.

) (Human Development Report HDR
) (UNDP .

.
2010

.
) (1 )-2007
(1990 .

145
) .(1 )(1990 -2007

UNDP :

) (2005 -2010
.
) .(2 ) (2010

) (1
:
: ) (1990 -1995

.
49 108 .
1989 -1994 74 ).(16:1382

146
: ) (1997-1999
.
: 2000 2003
. 1.25
6.17 .
1.12 . 5.45
3.84 .
0.748 2000
0.733 2003 .
: 2004 2007
. 2.23 0.65
14.46 .
) (2 2008 2009

.
) (1997-1999 ) (2004-2007
.

.
) (3 ) (Gini Index 10 20
10 20
.

147
) .(3 %10 %20

UNDP, 2010 :

) (1996- 2000 )(2003 -2007



) ( .
) (3
2010 ) (2000 -2008 13.4
1.25 54.5
) .(UNDP, 2010: 161 .
) (1955
.
. 5

.

. ) (2004
.

.
) (2004
1970 1995
.

148

.
.

.


.


.
:
) .(1382 ) ( . . ) .(1389 ) (2010 27 6-7.
- Garcia F. and A.C. Banderia, (2004), Economic reforms, inequality and growth in Latin
America and the Caribbean, University of So Paulo, school of economics and business.
- Weriemmi M.E. and Ch. Ehrhart, (2004), Inequality and growth in a context of commercial
openness, Theoretical analysis and empirical study: The case of the countries around the
Mediterranean basin, University of nice-Sophia antipolice.
- UNDP (1990 2010). Human Development Report 1990, New York: Oxford University
Press.


! *

-1
.

! 150



.
.
.
.

) (.

.



.
-2

-3


. )
( . - )
( .
)
( .

! 151
)( -
- - .

. )(
)(
.
.





.
) (

.

-
.

.
-4


.

! 152


.

.
-5 .

-6


.

. -

.
.
.


.
75


.
57
.

! 153



.
! )
(.

.

.
.

.


.
.

2001 -2007
%60 %45 .
.
-


!

! 154
.
.
-


.


.
-7



.


.

.

.




! 155

.
-8

.

.

.

57
.


.

.
.


.
* 107 .


! *


) (Apple .

.



.

.


.

.
.

! 157
.
.

.
.

.
.
.

.
****
2011 6 .
- -.
- -
. NGO

!
14 Foxconn
.
.


.
500
:

! 158
36 98 .
13 . . 12 .
.
.
:
.
5 24
.
60 80
. .

.
.
.

.
: .
.
:
.) (1
.
:
.

! 159
.
.

. .

.
:
-1 2005
.
* .


) (

15 ) (1
.


. .
... :

][
...

.
) (C ) (c ) (v .
...
.

161

.
) .(2
.
(c+v)+s s ) .(3 ) (s
) (c+v )) .(s / (c+v

.
) ( . .
) (c/v .
) (v
.(s/v) / ((c/v)+1) : ) ((c/v)+1
.
) (s
) (v .
) (s
) (c .
) (s/v ) ( .

.
).(4

) ( .

.(5) .
.
.

162
.
.

)
( .
.
.

)
(
.
.
1 3 1980


) (1 ) (3
.
1992

: .
.

.
.
1990 1948
. 8 4
) ( .

163
) .(6

.


.

.
:
.
.
. . .
. . .
. .

.
.

.

.


.
).(7
.

164
.
.

.


. .

.

.

.

.

.

.
)
(
.
.(8) .
8


.

165

.
).(9

.
)(
.

.
.

. :

. .
.
.
:
.
. .
. .

.
.

.
.

166

.

.
) (Military Keynesianism


).(10

)(Permanent War Economy
.
).(11
.
) (Gasper Weinberger 1980
:
)(12
1940 1950 1960

) (13
.


.
.


.

167


.
)(1

- )http://www.stanford.edu/group/scspi/cgi-bin/fact20.php :(1

)(2

168
):(2http://voices.washingtonpost.com/ezra- klein/2011/01/a_graph_im_trying_to_understan.html

)(3

):(3http://media.photobucket.com/image/Productivity%20and%20income%20distribution/dragon561
6/Diaries/real-after-tax-average-income-by-income-group.gif

:
-1
15 .1390
-2 1386 .239
-3.242 :
-4 ) (
1386 .38
-5 1381 .42
-6 ) ( 1373
.44

169
-7 1386 .210
-8 1387 .91
-9 ) (
1382 .9
-10 1389 .301
-11 .137
-12 .309
-13 .134

!

.


.


.

.





.

! 171
.
"" ""
.
: .
. .
) (
) ( .


.

.

. ...

.
.
.

.
""
.

.
" ."
. " : "
.

! 172
...
.
... .

.

!

.


.



.

.

.

! 174
...
.

.
...

.

.

.
.


.
.




.
.


.

.

! 175
.


.
.
.

.
.
.


.
.

.
.


... .


.

.
.
.

! 176
.
.
.
.
.



.



.



.



.
!
!

Neoliberalism; in Critical View


By:
Khosrow Sadeghi Boroujeni

You might also like