Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Field Research
Field research is the systematic study of ordinary events and activities as they occur in real-life situation. It is a naturalistic inquiry that takes place in the field, that is, in natural setting that is not constructed for the purpose of conducting research. Field research is not just a set of methods of data collection but also a model that employs a number of techniques of data collection and analysis.
Prepared By: Aftab Ahmed, pk.linkedin.com/in/aftabch/ 2
Mixed model
It is combination of particularistic research and holistic research model. Two research model by expanding the particulars type of research and including elements of the holistic model in its theory and design. Although in most cases the focus remains the same (i.e. aspect of social life)
Prepared By: Aftab Ahmed, pk.linkedin.com/in/aftabch/ 3
3.
Sampling procedures
a. b.
b)
Gathering data
i.
c)
Taking notes
i.
d)
6. Writing report
Ethnographic Research
Ethnography has been seen as the science of cultural description. a description and interpretation of cultural group with the purpose of understanding them from the native point of view
The main criteria of ethnographic research do not differ from those encountered in field research.
1. 2. 3. 4. Ethnographic research is form of a field research that studies cultures Employs a holistic approach; it studies cultures and interprets life in a cultural context Is conducted in natural setting and entails a total sinking in the field of study Constructs culture through in-depth studies and the meanings of the participants.
2. Becoming invisible
a.
4. Disengaging
a.
Strengths
Holistic perspective Use of the socio cultural context as the explaining source High degree of flexibility Capacity to identify contradictions and inconsistencies High quality of the research participant relationship Closeness to the participants High external validity Capacity for longitudinal study; studying issues over time
Prepared By: Aftab Ahmed, pk.linkedin.com/in/aftabch/ 11
Weaknesses
Inability to provide evidence supporting causality Inability to ensure validity and reliability Lack of replication\inability to ensure objectivity Difficulty with going native which often affects studies and leads to problems Interviewer effect that causes obvious distortions Distortion of the natural setting by the very presence of the research
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Case Studies
A case study is an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly obvious
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Collective study
includes several instrumental studies or number of single studies investigated jointly to inquire an issue
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