In this modern age and time, even with the years that passed since women were given

equal rights as men especially in democratic countries, attitudes toward women as managers remain relatively the same: there are still few women who hold executive positions worldwide. The widely accepted explanation for the small percentage of women holding top executive positions globally is the importunate negative stereotyping of women as able managers. Though the attitudes towards the role of women in society may have changed dramatically, women are still perceived as being less suited than men for managerial positions. Extensive researches have been conducted on the actual differences between male and female managers and which ones are the better managers, , but the strongly held stereotypes are still resistant to change. Negative stereotypes about women as managers are actually forms of subtle discrimination. For example, an important assignment is given to a man rather than to a woman based on the assumption that women are not free to take on time-consuming tasks because of family commitments. Some of these negative assumptions are: Women tend to place family demands above work considerations. They have children to care for; thus, they lose time for, and interest in, their jobs. Women take negative feedback personally rather than professionally. They may run from the room in tears when criticized. Women are unsuitable for top management positions because they are too emotional and lack aggressiveness. To a certain extent, these assumptions may be true for many women in the entire workforce worldwide. However, it may not accurately describe the type of women who have made the decision to pursue managerial positions. Obviously, women operate and manage businesses and organizations in some significantly different ways than men do. Typically, when comparing managers, it is being framed as the men`s command and control approach (male style) versus the women`s team building or consensus approach (female style). Recent studies point out that both male and female styles can be effective and there are some reasons why women manage better than men. Concerning leadership, women tend to be better than men at empowering staff and respond more quickly to calls for assistance, they are more accessible and tolerant .Women identify problems more quickly and more accurately, and are better at defining job expectations and providing feedback. Women typically outperform men at communications and interpersonal skills. They express appreciation more often and tend to be better at making their staff and subordinates feel recognized and rewarded. On the other hand, men tend to be more confident and faster decisionmakers compared to women. They are more goal oriented and driven. Men don`t bring emotion into decisions, they usually base their decisions on logic and reason, as they are not sensitive as women.

In conclusion ,women have to prove, repeatedly, persistently, and consistently that their way of managing also works, because it is not about gender but motivation, attitude, perseverance, and circumstance that a certain individual has to deal with, in order to reach success in management. Women who aspire to be recognized and to break the persistent misconceptions regarding their abilities and competencies as managers, will have to make high efforts to become better or to prove that they are really better than their male counterparts.

Are women better managers than men? The debate between the supremacy of the genders have been in session since time immemorial. In the past, it would seem that men had the upper hand but these days, women are starting to leave their mark in many aspects from business to politics rather than just domestic affairs. There are a number of reasons why a woman plays the leading role well. In my humble opinion, both men and women have the potential to be great leaders but the question of 'better leaders' does not lie in a person's gender alone but his or her character. First and foremost, men are generally physically stronger than women. This is undeniable because a man has clearly more muscle mass than a woman so in terms of leadership that has to do with physical ability, men win hands down. For example, in the army, most leaders are men that are buffed up and better able to handle the physical exertions of this field compared to women who are more delicate in structure. Men are also known to have better ability to strategise in terms of warfare and they seem to command their armies better. For example, great leaders have been men such as Napoleon Bonaparte, Genghis Khan, Hitler and so on. Moreover, men tend to be able to make quick decisions that are not usually based on their emotions but logical, rational and practical. Women, however, seem to be very emotional creatures so they may make poor leadership decisions if they simply follow their feelings. Therefore, men have many qualities like physical strength, ability to strategise well and make snap decisions which can make them better leaders. However, women have proven to be better leaders in an increasing number of cases. This can be seen as more and more countries have entrusted women to be their leaders. These women have a more 'feminine' approach to leadership which is more sensitive towards the needs of society. Women have their maternal nature. Women are more caring and listen better and their ego is generally smaller than a man's. They usually listen, sympathize other people and make them try to pass the difficult things. In urgent situations, women are more likely to stay calm and solve problems rapidly. Secondly, women managers are cautious and tend to have more of a desire to build than a desire to win. Thirdly, women are more sociable.

They are willing to explore compromise and to solicit other people's opinions. Men are more goal oriented and driven. They get things done and don't bring emotion into decisions. They are not sensitive as women. Women tend to be too emotional about everything. On the other hand, the women have many distraction in their work and influence the results. For example, besides working for society, they are also wives and mothers. They need time to do housework and care about their children. In summary, it can be seen that women make better managers than men because of their personality.

Teamwork in organizations

Various factors are instrumental in the success of an organization. There are a few aspects that play a major role in determining the success of an organization such as technological advantage, good management, product branding, human capital and teamwork. Amongst these factors team work in an organization plays the most prominent role in the success of an organization. TeamWork to an organization is the most pivotal function to its smooth execution of daily tasks. In most large organization processes are clearly defined, roles and responsibilites are perfectly delineated, a clear and common goal is sought after, but for all above activities to be successfully carried out teamwork forms the crux. In large organization individuals play certain roles and carry out certain responsibilites, their function is part of the process governed my the unifying tool called teamwork. Consider a huge manufacturing plant, it has a organizational chain where people are demarcated into teams and each team is assigned a particular task to accomplish, and each team is interdependent with one another. For the successful outcome of the whole product there cannot be any glitch from any team. Teams enable easier maintainance of large organizations, with the establishment of teams it is easily possible to have a chain-of-command percolating from the organization as a whole to the individual teams. Having different teams perform different tasks ensures that information or 'know-how' does not get stagnated with a few individuals. Large organizations are not interdependent on a few individuals and teams enable organizations to remove the dependency on a particular person. The individuals in an organization is analogous to a stick while a team can be compared to a bundle of sticks. As the old proverb goes "It is difficult to break a bundle of stick than to break a single stick". Teams determine the success of an organization, they give a company flexibility and robustness in its daily activities. In the global age, organization are large and spread out across continents , it is the concept of a team characterized by its team

spirit that enables organizations to compete with one another on a global scale. Thus teams can be considered as the central unifying point for an organization. Most successful organizations have admitted that their success is due to the success of their teams. For large organizations teamwork is the ultimate key to its success. Teamwork is defined as "a joint action by a group of people, in which each person subordinates his or her individual interests and opinions to the unity and efficiency of the group.Teamwork is the act of working together and putting in joint efforts to achieve a common goal or mission. Importance of team work in achieving organizational goal 1. Team work makes you perform better and produce better result. In a team every member is responsible for success. It is a combination of strengths, covering up the individual weaknesses. The strengths and weaknesses of team members are complemented. Hence the goal is achieved with the maximum efforts. 2. When there is brainstorm session to find a solution for a problem, there is high probability of obtaining many different and creative ideas. This effort enables the team to obtain many alternatives and implement the best action plan and assign the tasks to the people involved. 3. Teamwork helps individuals raise their self-esteem. Every team member feels important and needed. When each person is aware of his/her role and is part of a team, person gets a sense of belonging. The person uses his/her talents maximum and creativity to do the best. 4. Teamwork promotes unity, rapport and bonding. When people working together are ready to give and take, help and support one another because the main focus is to accomplish their mission. All the team members have a common goal to achieve. 5. Teamwork helps individuals develop personal responsibility. Even though the main focus is the team's goal, each person knows that he is accountable and is responsible to do his part or role. As a result every team member has accountability for the part of the task. 6. Team work leads to a higher quality output, some times more than desired level of output. 7. Enhances better decision making process in the favor of organizational effectiveness.

Team vs Group The concept of team means a small number of members with shared leadership who perform interdependent jobs with both individual and group accountability ,evaluation and reward. It is a group of people who come together temporarily to achieve a purpose. In other words, a team is like a car in that it consists of multiple parts joined together to accomplish a particular task. By contrast a group means two or more members with a clear leader who perform independent jobs with individual accountability evaluation and reward. It is a collection of people who interact with one another , accept rights and obligations as members and who share a common identity.(group of people waiting at the bus stop) In organizations that have reorganized the workplace into teams the results have improved and costs have declined. Another benefits of a team is that increases employee involvement, reduces absenteeism ,reduces conflict, enhances creativity and innovation and creates better adaptability and flexibility in the organization. In a team, such as a sports team, all the players know they are interconnected. They understand that it is the quality of their collective performance that determines the final result: success or failure. In an effective team, each member knows that they are dependent on the other members for achieving the final result. Which means team members have an interest in helping each other where they can In a group members are responsible for their own contributions He or she achieves outcomes or makes their contribution to the organization in (relative) isolation. Within a group there is not the interconnectedness and shared responsibility you see between team members. Each member of a group can say I did my best, it is not my fault that others did not pull their weight.' In a team it is the team leader and the team members who have a shared responsibility for the outcomes meeting target. So in a sports team, all the players and the coach share the responsibility for what happens on thepitch. In a group - for example a group of sales people - it is usual that each member is only responsible for her own performance. The leader takes overall responsibility for the aggregated results of each individual meeting the overall sales department target. Members of a team appreciate that their own (individual) success is determined by the collective performance of everyone. They have a much greater motivation to help and support those team members whose

performance

may

fall

behind

...

for

whatever

reason.

Perhaps an under-achiever is new and needs a buddy or a mentor to help them get established. Maybe there are environmental reasons for poor results. Other members are likely to find ways to help them raise their game. For a group member however, his status and reward depend only upon his individual performance. Generally speaking, if he gives time or resources to another group member there is no benefit in it for him. If this effort takes his attention away from his own performance he might even suffer as a result.

Why do people work? In one way or another, all people around the world work for the ultimate purpose of seeking a better life. It is widely believed that people work solely for money. However, it is only one of the numerous important purposes of working, and oftentimes there is a lot of benefits that people obtain from working without even consciously realizing them. Nowadays, except for money, people still work for many reasons, including to understand and fulfill their responsibilities in society, to avoid wastefulness, and to keep their minds active. For many people, the biggest benefit of working lies in a priceless lesson of responsibility. Through working, people learn how to be responsible, first to themselves, then to their families and the society. If working is all about money, why even kids from well-off families, Bill Gates for example, bother going to work even though they are guaranteed a wealthy future life whatsoever? It is because they want to be responsible for their own lives, to live on their labor, not on their parents fortune. Next, working gives them a strong sense of responsibility for their family and society. Family life is happiest when all members share family work and together contribute to make it a more comfortable and harmonious life. Likewise, a country is most prosperous when every citizen contributes their part to make it thrive. Another important reason that makes people look for job is to understand the importance of producing property and avoid wastefulness. As a matter of fact, not working leads to indolence; indolence facilitates spending and extravagance. People who dont work at all have nothing to keep themselves busy, hence often indulge in expensive entertainment, lavish shopping, and so on. Understanding this fact, many people, even privileged ones, choose to work to stay away from wastefulness, and to be helpful. In short, working, or living on what they created teaches them not only the value of labor and property, but also the importance of frugality and economy. Last but not least, to work is to keep us active and in good shape. Working is about constantly learning and understanding things around us. When we stop working, we spend less time thinking and pondering about things that so far have deeply affected our lives. Soon knowledge is eroded, and our

brains become idle and self-indulgent. As time goes on, we gradually lose concern about everything except ourselves. To prevent this from happening, some people, especially the old, still learn and work in various ways even though they have retired. As for the case of a group of sixty year old men in the US I knew about through newspaper, retirement did not prevent them from going to college and doing farming. They said doing these things made them remain active and healthy, and going to college gave them the liveliness of a twenty five year old teenager. To sum up, working to most people are, although difficult, still rewarding because of the great benefits it brings about. Besides earning money, people also work for many important purposes, including to be aware of their duties, to steer clear from wastefulness, and to stay lively and active. Therefore, I would advise anyone to find a suitable work for themselves because working is the best way through which they can enjoy life.