Learn German

German
Language Course
German
Language Course
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Contents

[004] Introduction [010] Level one lessons (Introductor lessons! [10"] Level t#o lessons ($rundle%ende lektionen! [14&] Level three lessons ('#ischenlektionen! [1&0] Level (our lessons ()r#eitertelektionen! [1&*] Level (ive lessons (+evie# lessons!
[009] Lessons

[1&4] $r,mm,r [1&-] .ppendices (.nh/n%e! [*04] .bout

[*00] .uthors [*01] $23 Free 4ocument,tion License
First Edition
Published: May 01, 2006
54F cre,ted b 6,%ind,7
sterreich
Deutschland
The current version of this book can be found at
http899en:#ikibooks:or%9#iki9$erm,n
Vorwort
Introduction
6o# to ;tud $erm,n 3sin% <his <extbook
. <extbook on Five Levels

<he =uestion ,rose e,rl in the development o( this textbook ,s to precisel #ho #ould be the t,r%et ,udience: .lthou%h intended to be , >be%innin%> textbook on $erm,n, m,n (elt th,t the e,rl lessons #ere too di((icult (or oun%er students #ith ver limited or no experience #ith $erm,n ,nd, perh,ps more import,ntl , limited skills in )n%lish %r,mm,r: For this re,son , textbook on three levels #,s conceived: ?e%innin% $erm,n (Level I! puts more emph,sis on buildin% voc,bul,r ,round sub@ect m,tter interestin% ,nd use(ul to oun% students: ?,sic $erm,n (Level II! emph,sises %r,mm,r, ,nd ,ssumes , %re,ter kno#led%e o( )n%lish %r,mm,r more t pic,l o( ,n older hi%h school or , colle%e student: I( ou ,re @ust be%innin% to le,rn $erm,n or ,ttemptin% to te,ch oursel(, ou m, #ish to tr both ,ppro,ches ,nd see #hich #orks better (or ou, since some people re=uire , stron% structur,l ,ppro,ch to le,rnin% , ne# l,n%u,%e #hile others (ind this >structure> onl impedes pro%ress b ,ddin% ,nother l, er o( complexit : Intermedi,te $erm,n (Level III!, #hich re=uires even more kno#led%e o( )n%lish, is (or colle%e students, pre(er,bl (or sophomores or @uniors: Aith even more complex lessons, %r,mm,r ,nd voc,bul,r comes .dv,nced $erm,n (Level IV!, #hich #ith the most complex ,nd di((icult p,rts o( the $erm,n l,n%u,%e, is (or l,te colle%e students (;eniors! ,nd colle%e %r,du,tes: <he l,st level, #hich is , revie# level, but ,lso h,s cultur,l (,cts ,nd the histor o( the $erm,n l,n%u,%e, is +evie#ed $erm,n: (Level V!: .n existin%, sep,r,te text, $erm,n $r,mm,r, m, eventu,ll be mer%ed into the lesson modules or developed into use(ul ,ppendices ,s , %r,mm,r re(erence: .t present, ho#ever, $erm,n $r,mm,r is ,n exp,ndin%, si%ni(ic,nt contribution to the textbookB it provides ,n import,nt re(erence on $erm,n l,n%u,%e %r,mm,r rules use(ul to the student #orkin% throu%h ,n o( the three levels:
live version discussion edit lesson comment report ,n error ,sk , =uestion
The German Language

$erm,n (Deutsch! is , member o( the #estern %roup o( the $erm,nic l,n%u,%es: It is spoken prim,ril in $erm,n , .ustri,, the m,@or p,rt o( ;#it7erl,nd, Liechtenstein, Luxembour%, the ;Cdtirol (;outh < rol! re%ion o( It,l , the Dpole Eoivodship o( 5ol,nd, p,rts o( ?el%ium, p,rts o( +om,ni,, the .ls,ce ()ls,ss! re%ion o( Fr,nce ,nd p,rts o( 4enm,rk: .ddition,ll , sever,l (ormer coloni,l possessions o( these countries, such ,s 2,mibi, in .(ric,, h,ve si7,ble $erm,n-spe,kin% popul,tions: <here ,re $erm,n-spe,kin% minorities in sever,l e,stern )urope,n countries includin% +ussi,, ,nd in the 3nited ;t,tes ,s #ell ,s countries in ;outh .meric, like .r%entin,: Dver 1*0 million people spe,k $erm,n ,s their n,tive l,n%u,%e: $erm,n is the third most popul,r (orei%n l,n%u,%e t,u%ht #orld#ide, ,nd the second most popul,r in )urope: Fontinue re,din% ,bout the $erm,n l,n%u,%e:
German and English

I( ou ,re ,n )n%lish spe,ker un(,mili,r #ith $erm,n, ou m, be surprised to le,rn th,t )n%lish ,nd $erm,n ,re closel rel,ted l,n%u,%es ,nd sh,re m,n #ords th,t ,re ver simil,r: <his is p,rticul,rl true (or ever d, #ords in )n%lish th,t ,re .n%lo-;,xon (th,t is, $erm,nic! in ori%in: Fonsider the (ollo#in% list o( )n%lish #ords (ollo#ed b their $erm,n counterp,rts8 ,rm G der Arm book G das Buch c,t G die Katze (,ther G der Vater (in%er G der Finger #,%on G der Wagen house G das Haus h,nd G die Hand Hune G der Juni m,n G der Mann mother G die Mutter mouse G die Maus n,me G der Name son G der Sohn %,rden G der arten l,mp G die !am"e bush G der Busch b,ker G der B#c$er net G das Netz storm G der Sturm h,t G der Hut (ire G das Feuer %r,ss G das ras (ish G der Fisch kinder%,rten G der Kindergarten
Audio8 D$$ (114I?! G Hear these words
D( course, even #ords #hose spellin% is no di((erent in )n%lish ,nd $erm,n m, be pronounced =uite di((erentl : ?ut in re,din% $erm,n, ou #ill see the connections bet#een these l,n%u,%es, even in m,n o( the >sm,ll> #ords (the ,bove ex,mples ,re ,ll nouns!: For ex,mple8 <his #eek, m (,ther is #ith m brother in the cit Diese Woche ist mein Vater mit meinem Bruder in der Stadt:
Audio8 D$$ (114I?! G Hear these sentences
2ote ,lso the %ener,l simil,rit o( sentence structure #ith )n%lish: <he onl re,l di((erence in the $erm,n is th,t the verb is moved (or#,rd in the sentence: 6o#ever, there ,re m,n $erm,n sentences in #hich , verb (orm is the l,st #ord in the sentence: 3n(ortun,tel , #hile $erm,n is perh,ps the e,siest >(orei%n> l,n%u,%e (or ,n )n%lish spe,ker to le,rn, me,nin%s o( #ords th,t ,re spelled simil,rl ,re not ,l#, s identic,l: <hese >(,lse (riends> c,n be con(usin% (or the be%inner: Further, $erm,n is , more structured l,n%u,%e th,n )n%lish, #ith , more complex %r,mm,r, ,nd it #ill become ,pp,rent ,s ou le,rn $erm,n th,t ou #ill ,lso le,rn more ,bout )n%lish l,n%u,%e structure th,n ou mi%ht ever rec,ll (rom our hi%h school )n%lish cl,sses: For , =uick listin% o( simil,rities ,nd di((erences bet#een )n%lish ,nd $erm,n, re,d the Introduction to Level I:
Vocabulary and Grammar

In le,rnin% to re,d or spe,k ,n l,n%u,%e #ith #hich ou h,ve minim,l ,c=u,int,nce (th,t is, ,re not , n,tive spe,ker o(!, the t#o ,spects to be m,stered ,re voc,bul,r ,nd %r,mm,r: .c=uirin% voc,bul,r is , >simple> m,tter o( memori7,tion: For the l,n%u,%e(s! #e le,rn ,s children, this process is so tr,nsp,rent th,t #e h,ve trouble conceivin% o( the import,nce o( h,vin% , l,r%e voc,bul,r : ? the ,%e o( conscious reco%nition o( our communic,tin% #ith others throu%h speech, #e h,ve ,lre,d le,rned the me,nin% o( thous,nds o( #ords: )ven #ords #e h,ve trouble de(inin%, #e re,dil underst,nd their use in convers,tion: <his process c,n be >re,ctiv,ted,> ,s it #ere, b immersion in , second l,n%u,%e8 , method o( le,rnin% , ne# l,n%u,%e b movin% to , pl,ce #here th,t l,n%u,%e is spoken ,nd h,vin% to %et ,round ,nd live #ithout use o( oneJs n,tive ton%ue: .bsent the opportunit o( residin% in , $erm,n-spe,kin% ,re,, the student o( $erm,n must put (orth subst,nti,l e((ort to le,rn #ords, includin% #h,t the me,n, ho# to pronounce them, ,nd ho# the ,re used in sentences: ?e sure to >le,rn>Kcommit to memor K,ll o( the voc,bul,r #ords in e,ch lesson ,s the ,re presented: ),rl lessons h,ve simple sentences bec,use it is ,ssumed th,t the studentJs voc,bul,r is limited: ?ut throu%hout the text, more complex discourses (o(ten ,s photo c,ptions! ,re included to introduce the student to re%ul,r $erm,n in use: It m, be help(ul to tr,nsl,te these usin% , $erm,n-)n%lish diction,r (,ccess to one is , mustB see .ppendix 0 (or on-line options!: Dther sources o( $erm,n, such ,s ne#sp,pers, m,%,7ines, #eb sites, etc:, c,n ,lso be use(ul in buildin% voc,bul,r ,nd developin% , sense o( ho# $erm,n #ords ,re put to%ether: <he $erm,n Aikipedi, provides ,n ever exp,ndin% source o( $erm,n l,n%u,%e ,rticles th,t c,n be used (or this purpose: Further, , $erm,n version o( the Aikibooks pro@ectK, libr,r o( textbooks in $erm,nKis ,v,il,ble ,t $erm,n Aikibooks: $erm,n %r,mm,r is more complex th,n, but su((icientl simil,r to, )n%lish th,t >re,din%> $erm,n is possible #ith minim,l voc,bul,r in the sense th,t the student should %ener,ll reco%ni7e the p,rts o( , sentence: Aith , %ood diction,r , ,n )n%lish spe,ker c,n usu,ll tr,nsl,te , $erm,n sentence close to correctl : 6o#ever, to ,ccur,tel spe,k ,nd underst,nd $erm,n, ou must le,rn ho# e,ch #ord (unctions in , sentence: <here ,re ei%ht b,sic %r,mm,tic,l (unctions8 case, gender, number, tense, person, mood, voice, ,nd comparison: 6o# #ords >si%n,l> these (unctions is ,n import,nt ,spect o( le,rnin% , ne# l,n%u,%e: )n%lish spe,kers should kno# ,ll o( these (unctions ,nd the si%n,ls used in )n%lish, but it is o(ten the situ,tion th,t ou kno# per(ectl #ell ho# to spe,k )n%lish, #ithout underst,ndin% much ,bout #ord-(unctions ,nd si%n,ls: For this re,son, this textbook incorpor,tes consider,ble det,il on %r,mm,r, includin% both )n%lish ,nd $erm,n %r,mm,r: <he re(erence book %nglish ,t Wi$i&oo$s m, be consulted (or ,ddition,l help: Ahen #e s, $erm,n is more complex th,n )n%lish, #h,t #e re,ll me,n is th,t the si%n,ls used in $erm,n ,re di((erent (rom ,nd more numerous th,n those used b )n%lish:
Pronunciation
. %uide to pronunci,tion o( $erm,n is provided ,s .ppendix 1: Lou should become (,mili,r #ith this p,%e e,rl on, ,nd re(er to it o(ten: 2othin% c,n repl,ce le,rnin% , l,n%u,%e (rom , n,tive spe,ker, but the text is liber,ll sprinkled #ith ,udio (iles providin% the student #ith v,lu,ble input (rom he,rin% spoken $erm,n: .n,l 7e the spoken #ords c,re(ull : <he pronunci,tion %uide in .ppendix 1 c,n onl closel , not ex,ctl , conve ho# $erm,n #ords should be pronounced: .nd o( course, $erm,n (like )n%lish! h,s , number o( di,lects distin%uished b di((erences in pronunci,tion: 6elp in the pronunci,tion o( individu,l #ords c,n be (ound b ,ccessin% the sound (iles o( either o( the online diction,ries, links to #hich ,re %iven in the $erm,n #ebsites ,ppendix:
Layout of Lessons
<his textbook is intended ,s , be%innin% course in the $erm,n l,n%u,%e (or )n%lish spe,kers: ),rl lessons emph,si7e convers,tion,l sub@ects ,nd %r,du,ll introduce $erm,n %r,mm,tic,l concepts ,nd rules: In ,ddition, sound (iles ,ccomp,n ,ppropri,te p,rts o( e,ch lesson: .lthou%h the basic lessons ( rundlegende !e$tionen! ,re presented ,t ,bout the (3;! hi%h school level: ?e%inners (includin% those ,ttemptin% to le,rn $erm,n outside o( , course structure! ,re expected to #ork throu%h sever,l b,sic lessons up to ,n indic,ted point, #hen revie# is su%%ested ,lon% #ith ,ddition,l stud : <he b,sic #, lessons %o to other lessons is ver simple ,nd direct8
Lesson 1 M * M " M 4 M ,nd on to the end o( the text:
Layout ithin Lessons

<he (ollo#in% subhe,din%s or c,te%ories ,re o((ered #ithin the lessons (Level II ,nd ,bove!8 1: Dne or more convers,tion (Gesprch! or stor (Geschichte! pieces in $erm,n ,lone to illustr,te the l,n%u,%e in use: *: ;tud m,teri,l (Lernen! in )n%lish ,nd $erm,n to present lists o( conceptu,ll rel,ted #ords: ": Dne or more %r,mm,r (Grammatik! lessons coverin% elements o( $erm,n %r,mm,r, #ith illustr,tions dr,#n (rom the convers,tion, stor , or stud m,teri,ls: 4: . list o( #ords (Vokabeln! ,nd phr,ses introduced in the lesson, ,bove th,t point, usu,ll in the convers,tion, stor , or stud present,tions: Aords ,nd phr,ses ,re ,rr,n%ed ,lph,betic,ll #ithin %roups, ,nd the %roups ,re presented in the (ollo#in% order8 1! nouns, *! phr,ses, "! verbs, ,nd 4! ,ll other #ords: . %uide to pronunci,tion o( the #ords presented is consolid,ted #ithin .ppendix 1: 6o#ever, in e,ch Vo$a&eln, nouns stressed on other th,n the (irst s ll,ble (the %ener,l rule in $erm,n! ,re indic,ted b boldin% o( the stressed s ll,ble (e:%:, Biologie!: 2ote th,t the )n%lish tr,nsl,tion o( ,ll $erm,n #ords in , Vo$a&eln is the best e=uiv,lent (or the lesson ex,mple: <he lesson Vo$a&eln is not , diction,r , but , =uick re(erence (or tr,nsl,tion purposes: For this re,son, verbs ,re not tr,nsl,ted into , t pic,l )n%lish in(initive (orm #ith , preceedin% p,rticle, >to>: 0: . list o( ,ddition,l, rel,ted #ords or phr,ses (Andere WrterB ,dv,nced lessons onl ! th,t rel,te to, but ,re not included in, the voc,bul,r presented in the b,sic ,nd ,dv,nced lessons: 1: )n%lish sentences ,nd other m,teri,l to be tr,nsl,ted b the student into $erm,n (bersetzung!: <hese ,re numbered ,nd , m,tchin% ,ns#er sheet is linked to this c,te%or : <he student should #rite out the $erm,n usin% m,teri,l (rom the lesson (,nd previous lessons! be(ore checkin% their #ork ,%,inst the ,ns#er list:
The !tudent and the Lesson

),ch level o( the text is desi%ned to constitute , course o( stud in the $erm,n l,n%u,%e: For ,n level selected, e,ch lesson should be re,d thorou%hl ,nd m,stered be(ore movin% on: ;ubst,nti,l text in $erm,n is included ,nd the student should re,d ,ll o( it, not once, but multiple times: .t Levels II ,nd III, complete tr,nsl,tions into )n%lish ,re included onl in selected pl,ces: Nost o( this text must be tr,nsl,ted b the student usin% his or her ,c=uired voc,bul,r ,nd the voc,bul,r presented ,t the bottom o( e,ch lesson: .s the $erm,n text is re,d (pre(er,bl out loud!, the student must succeed in %,inin% ,n underst,ndin% o( the me,nin% o( e,ch sentence, ,nd o( the role e,ch #ord pl, s in est,blishin% th,t me,nin%: <o the be%inner, there #ill seem to be m,n #ords in , $erm,n sentence th,t ,re out o( pl,ce or even redund,nt or unnecess,r : <hese ,dd subtleties to the l,n%u,%e th,t #ill m,ke sense eventu,ll : ?ut it is import,nt to experience these subtleties (rom the ver be%innin%: congratulations on com"leting
<he Introduction
live version O discussion O edit lesson O comment O report ,n error O ,sk , =uestion
L);;D2;
Heidel&erg' Deutschland ( Das Schloss )on Heidel&erg und Alte Br*c$' in den H*geln des +denwalds Heidel&erg' erman, ( -he .astle o/ Heidel&erg' in the hills o/ the +denwald
German Level "ne Lessons Introductory A Beginner's Course in German
.astle Neuschwanstein seen /rom the Marien&r*c$e
Level "ne #ontents
$%&& ' Introduction
!ection $%&$ ( Starting Point
Lesson $%&$ ' Wie hei)t du* G 6ellos9$oodb es, ,lph,bet, nomin,tive c,se pronouns ,nd ,rticles, n,mes, >Aie %ehtJsP> ,nd =uestions: Lesson $%&+ ' ,rei-eit G ;ports ,nd ,ctivities, pre(erences, tellin% time, ,nd times, d,tes ,nd se,sons: Lesson $%&. ' Essen G Introduction to (ood, (ood-rel,ted verbs, intro to mod,ls Q mRchten, kein-#ords, polite9(orm,l convers,tion l,n%u,%e, ,nd >;chmecktJsP>: /evie $%&$ O +evie# o( Lessons 1-"
!ection $%&+ ( Berlin German!
Lesson $%&0 ' 1leidung ( .rticles o( clothin%, shoppin%, describin% clothes, colors, introduction to sep,r,ble verbs: Lesson $%&2 ' Volk und ,amilie G F,mil members, possessives, describin% people, ,nd expressin% (,vorites: Lesson $%&3 ' !chule G ;chool sub@ects, , description o( $erm,n schools, b,sic voc,bul,r in school cl,sses (m,th, %eo%r,ph , etc:!, ,nd school supplies: /evie $%&+ O +evie# o( Lessons 4-1
!ection $%&. ( Vienna Austria
Lesson $%&4 ' 5as ,est G 4,tive c,se ,rticles ,nd pronouns, %ivin% %i(ts, invit,tions to p,rties, sn,ck (ood, ,nd es %ibt: Lesson $%&6 ' Privileg und Verant ortung G N,kin% pl,ns, pl,ces to %o, t,sks ,nd @obs, more mod,ls, comm,nds, ,nd #eil Q denn: Lesson $%&7 ' Wetter G Ae,ther, methods o( tr,nsport,tion, ho# to %et pl,ces, ho# to %ive ,nd %et directions, ,nd usin% #o like #eil: /evie $%&. O +evie# o( Lessons &-9
!ection $%&0 ( Berne S"itzerland
Lesson $%$& 8 9u :ause Essen G Food one #ould (ind in , superm,rket, m,kin% me,ls, me,ls o( the d, in $erm,n : Lesson $%$$ ' ,ilme G Novies, t pes o( movies, >A,s (Cr:::P>, usin% mR%en to express pre(erence: Lesson $%$+ ' 5as :aus G Furniture, 4escribin% stu(( II, di((erent m,teri,ls used in (urniture, position (,cc:9d,t:! prepositions: /evie $%&0 O +evie# o( Lessons 10-1*
!e)el +ne !essons
Lesson 1:00 O Introduction

Welcome to Level I German;
Level I is ,imed ,t @unior hi%h ,nd hi%h school students: 6o#ever, it c,n be used b others @ust be%innin% to le,rn to spe,k or re,d $erm,n: <he %o,l o( Level I $erm,n is not to over#helm or con(use the student, but r,ther to te,ch the student in ,n orderl (,shion: Le,rnin% $erm,n is me,nt to be (un, not sub@ective: <hus, the voc,bul,r is (orm,tted (or tr,nsl,tin% (rom )n%lish (#hich the students kno#! into $erm,n: live version discussion edit lesson comment report ,n error ,sk , =uestion
German and English

$erm,n ,nd )n%lish ,re ver close to e,ch other: 6ere ,re some m,@or simil,rities8

?oth l,n%u,%es use the L,tin ,lph,bet: 2orm,ll , sentences (ollo# ;ub@ect-Eerb order: Suestions h,ve Eerb-;ub@ect order or .dverb-Eerb-;ub@ect order: ?oth l,n%u,%es h,ve prepositions, con@unctions, ,dverbs, nouns, verbs, inter@ections, pronouns, ,nd ,d@ectives: <he indirect ob@ect usu,ll comes be(ore the direct ob@ect: <here ,re contr,ctions in both $erm,n ,nd )n%lish: N,n #ords sh,re the s,me roots, such ,s word ,nd Wort, or house ,nd Haus: N,n #ords, such ,s Foot&all ,nd Sandwich ,re the s,me in )n%lish ,nd $erm,n: $erm,n h,s gendersB ever noun is either m,sculine, (eminine, or neuter: $erm,n h,s three di((erent #ords (or > ou>, #hile )n%lish h,s onl one: <here ,re even (our i( ou count the imperson,l >m,n>: $erm,n h,s more verb (orms th,n )n%lish: $erm,n h,s more letters th,n ,nd di((erent pronunci,tions (rom )n%lish (see Lesson 1!: $erm,n is the onl kno#n #ritten l,n%u,%e #here all nouns ,re c,pit,li7ed, re%,rdless o( #hether or not it is , proper noun: ;ometimes in $erm,n the verb #ill be the l,st #ord o( , sentence: <here ,re no helpin% verbs in $erm,n: .d@ectives #ill h,ve di((erent endin%s b,sed on the noun the ,re modi( in% in $erm,n: $erm,n is more J%uttur,lJ: In $erm,n, ou t,lk in the b,ck o( our mouth: >I> (ich! is onl c,pit,li7ed i( it is the (irst #ord o( the sentence: In $erm,n, there ,re (our c,sesB in )n%lish, there ,re three:
.s ou c,n see, $erm,n is ver much like )n%lish: <here ,re, ho#ever, di((erences8

6o#ever, next to 4utch, $erm,n is one o( the e,siest l,n%u,%es (or )n%lish spe,kers to le,rn: <he di((erences #ill be t,ckled over the course o( the lessons:
:o to use this level of the German te<tbook

<he lessons ,re me,nt to be t,ken in order: .t the revie#s, ,(ter ever third lesson, ou %o b,ck to look ,t the previous lessons: Lou #ill need , notebook ,nd , pencil to t,ke notes ,nd do problems (or this course:
Layout of Each Lesson

Ahen completed, 1: )ver lesson #ill h,ve , title ,t the top, centered: *: <he lesson #ill introduce sever,l topics, more ,nd more ,s the lessons pro%ress: ": .(ter e,ch section, there #ill be , link to the problems p,%e (,t $erm,n8?e%inner Lesson T5!, #here ou #ill #rite do#n the problems ,nd the ,ns#ers on our o#n sheet o( p,per:U 4: Ahen done #ith the problems (or th,t section, ou #ill %o to the ,ns#ers p,%e (,t $erm,n8?e%inner Lesson T.!, #here ou check our ,ns#ers: Ieep tr,ck o( our scores (put them on the b,ck p,%e o( our notebook, #ith the Lesson T ,nd section title! (or l,ter use: 0: <he ,ns#ers p,%e #ill t,ke ou b,ck to the lesson: Fontinue in the s,me (,shion: 1: .t the end o( the p,%e there #ill be , link to the test (,t $erm,n8?e%inner Lesson T<!: ?e(ore ou %o to it, revie# ,n sections th,t ou ,re uncle,r on, or ,n th,t ou missed problems on: Ahen ou ,re re,d , t,ke the test: <here #ill be , link to the test ,ns#ers p,%e (,t $erm,n8?e%inner Lesson T<.! (or #hen ou ,re done: 2ote8 U <he link is the onl indic,tion o( the end o( the section: <he title is the indic,tion th,t these ,re in pl,ce: I( it is there, ,nd there is no link to the problems, continue on until ou %et to , link: congratulations on com"leting
Lesson 1:00 O Introduction

live version O discussion O edit lesson O comment O report ,n error O ,sk , =uestion
Section 0120 3 Starting 4oint
Lesson 1:01 O Aie 6eiVt duP

5ialog
German 5ialogue ' Wie :ei)t du* ' audio8 "ne ' T o =$.$ > $0+ kb ' help? What@s your name* ' Wie hei)t du* ,ran6,llo, ich bin Fr,n7: Aie heiVt duP Greta 6,llo, Fr,n7: Ich heiVe $ret,: Aie %ehtJsP ,ran)s %eht mir %ut: Iennst du den LehrerP Greta H,, er heiVt 6err AeiV: ,ranDh, d,nke, $ret,: ?is d,nnW Greta AiedersehenW #e$t %ialogue ,ran$uten Nor%en: ;ind ;ie 6err AeiVP :err 2ein, ich bin 6err ;ch#,r7: Aie heiVt duP !ch ar,ranIch heiVe Fr,n7: 4,nke 6err ;ch#,r7: Ich bin sp/t dr,n: :err ?itte, Fr,n7: Ich bin ,uch sp/t dr,n: ?is sp/terW !ch ar,ran.u( AiedersehenW live version discussion exercises test test ,ns#ers edit lesson comment report ,n error ,sk , =uestion
:ellos and Goodbyes in German

German Vocabulary ' Wie :ei)t du* ' audio =info ' $00 kb ' help? Greetings ' GrA)e 6elloW 6,lloWU Moin Moin5 (used in northern $erm,n ! r*6 ott5 (used in southern $erm,n , .ustri, ,nd ;outh < rol! $ood mornin%W $uten Nor%enWU $ood d, W $uten <,%WU $ood evenin%W $uten .bendWU $oodb eW .u( AiedersehenWU ? eW <schCssWU L,terW ?is sp/terWU, ?is d,nnWU $ood ni%htW $ute 2,chtWU
N,n di((erent $erm,n-spe,kin% re%ions h,ve their o#n #, s o( s, in% hello ,nd %oodb e: Lou #ill not be re=uired to kno# ,n o( those (or ,n problems or tests: Lou #ill need to kno# ,ll o( the expressions #ith , >U> ,(ter them thou%h: <he others, o( course, #ould be use(ul to kno# i( ou ,re tr,velin% to the re%ions #here the ,re used:
,ormal and Informal Greetings in German

$erm,ns respect hi%her ,uthorit #ith their choice o( cert,in phr,ses: <he more (orm,l phr,ses ,bove ,re uten Morgen, uten -ag, ,nd Au/ Wiedersehen (,s #ell ,s r*6 ott!: <he less (orm,l ones ,re -sch*ss: <he other ,re neutr,l in the (orm,l - in(orm,l ch,in: 2ote8 In $erm,n no#,d, s, ><schCss> is ,lso used #ith people #ho ,re not on (irst n,me terms: 6ere ,re some ex,mples8

.laudia8 $uten Nor%en, 6err A,%nerW Herr Wagner8 6,llo, Fl,udi,W Brigit8 <sch,u, ;usiW Susi8 ?is sp/ter, ?ri%itW German Vocabulary ' Wie :ei)t du* Br% C Brs% ' :err und ,rau 6err Fr,u Fr/ulein (,rch,ic!
Nr: Nrs: Ns:
The German Alphabet

German Grammar ' Wie :ei)t du* ' audio =info ' 37& kb ' help? The Alphabet ' 5as Alphabet #haracters ., X/ ?b Fc 4d )e F( $% 6h Ii Pronunciation ,h /h b, ts, d, , e( %, h,h ee #haracters H@ Ik Ll Nm 2n Do YR 5p S= +r Pronunciation ot k,h el em en oh Rh p, coo ,ir #haracters ;s V <t 3u ZC Ev A# [x L '7 Pronunciation ess es7ett t, oo di,resis (o# v, iks psilon tset <he *1 letters in both $erm,n ,nd )n%lish ,re sho#n ,bove: Dne other letter, V (the es7ett Jess-tsetJ! is used (or (voiceless! JsJ: It is used in c,se t#o sJs (ss! or #hen , sin%le s c,nJt be used8 bet#een vo#els or in the end o( #ords #hen the precedin% vo#el is lon%: )x,mple8 >der Fluss> (short u, )n%lish river!, but >der FuV> (lon% u, )n%lish (oot!: 2ote th,t the es7ett is not used in ;#it7erl,nd: Lou ,l#, s #rite double s inste,d, even ,(ter lon% vo#els: <here(ore ou #rite >Fluss> ,nd >Fuss>: .nother di((erence bet#een $erm,n ,nd )n%lish is the umlaut: <he vo#els ,, o, ,nd u c,n t,ke ,n uml,ut (double dots ,bove!, becomin% /, R, ,nd C: <he uml,ut ch,n%es the sound o( the vo#el: For pronunci,tions o( ,ll the letters, %o to the 5ronunci,tion $uide in .ppendix 1:
Dotes8
<he uml,uts ,re even used #hen spellin%: Fommon #ords used to cl,ri( , %iven letter ,re Xr%er (,n%er!, Ykonom (economist! ,nd Zbermut (hi%h spirits!: <o s, >uml,ut> ,(ter the letter is ,n )n%lish custom used #hen spellin% $erm,n #ords in )n%lish: In #ritin%, the uml,uts ,re sometimes substituted #ith the vo#el plus e, i:e ,e, oe ,nd ue: Lou (ind this in n,mes ,s $oethe or in cross#ords, but ou donJt use it in norm,l texts ($oethe is ,n exception to the rules %overnin% uml,uts, ,l#, s #ritten #ith >oe>!: 6o#ever, i( ou h,ve no #, to t pe uml,uts ou must use vo#el-plus-e: In most se,rch en%ines ,nd online diction,ries, , vo#el #ith uml,ut c,n be entered ,s either the simple vo#el or in vo#el-plus-e (orm: For ex,mple, i( ou #ish to (ind >Xr%er> ou m, enter ,n o( the (ollo#in% three se,rch strin%s8 >/r%er>, >,er%er>, >,r%er> (the l,st is incorrect #ritin%, ,nd ,ctu,ll me,ns somethin% di((erentW (>,r%>\ver b,d9%rim, >,r%er>\ >%rimmer>!:
<o cre,te the speci,l uml,ut ,nd ess7et ch,r,cters on ,n en%lish ke bo,rd, ou c,n use our numeric ke p,d #ith the .lt ke : German Ect% ' Wie :ei)t du* Alt keys for ' German characters ,lt ] 0**" ,lt ] 0*0* ,lt ] 0**0 ,lt ] 0*41 ,lt ] 0*14 ,lt ] 0**,lt ] 0191
V C Z R Y / X
I( ou use N,c D; [ these #ill #ork onl i( ou choose >3nicode> ke bo,rd l, out, but ou c,n ,dd uml,uts #ith option-u ,nd the V #ith option-;:
Eitte buchstabieren !ie

Look ,t this short phone convers,tion: <r to re,d it ,loud: <he tr,nsl,tion o( #ords ,nd phr,ses is %iven belo# the text: German 5ialogue ' Wie :ei)t du* ' audio =info ' 0&2 kb ' help? 5irectory Assistance ' ,ernsprechauskunft .uskun(t, $uten <,%: $uten <,%: Ich h/tte %ern die <ele(onnummer von Fr,u Fl,udi, ?olli%er ,us ?ern: Aie schreibt m,n d,sP ?itte buchst,bieren ;ie: 2,tCrlich: Fl,udi,8 F #ie F/s,r, L #ie Lud#i%, . #ie .nton, 3 #ie 3rsul,, 4 #ie 4or,, I #ie Id,, . #ie .nton: ?olli%er8 ? #ie ?ert,, D #ie Dtto, 7#eim,l L #ie Lud#i%, I #ie Id,, $ #ie $ust,v, ) #ie )mil und + #ie +ich,rd: 4,nke: 4ie 2ummer l,utet :::
Ban A Ban E Ban A Ban E
Ban A
Vocabulary and Phrases =from above? German Vocabulary ' Wie :ei)t du* Vocabulary ' WortschatEnglish German In(orm,tion 4esk die .uskun(t (no plur,l! I #ould like to h,ve Ich h/tte %ern(e! 5hone 2umber die <ele(onnummer (rom ?erne ,us ?ern 6o# do ou spell thisP Aie schreibt m,n d,sP 5le,se ?itte ;pell ?uchst,bieren D( course 2,tCrlich >.> ,s in .nton . #ie .nton <#ice '#eim,l <he number is die 2ummer l,utet
Dominative #ase
F,ses describe #h,t , noun or pronoun does in , sentence: Ahen , noun or pronoun is the sub@ect o( , sentence, it is considered to be in the nominative case: For ex,mple, in the sentence >I ,te ,n ,pple>, I is the sub@ect ,nd the apple is the direct ob@ect: Lou #ill le,rn more ,bout c,ses ,s the course continues: German Grammar ' Wie :ei)t du* ' audio =info ' 64 kb ' help? !ubFect Pronouns ' Vorbehaltliche Pronomina sin%ul,r ich I 1st person plur,l ir #e sin%ul,r duG H!ie ou *nd person plur,l ihrG H!ie ou sin%ul,r erG sieG es he, she, it "rd person plur,l sie the
;ie is the (orm,l (polite! version o( du ,nd ihr: In ,ll con@u%,tions, it ,cts ex,ctl like sie (plur,l!
Dames
German Grammar ' Wie :ei)t du* Dames ' Damen English German N n,me is::: Ich heiVe::: 6is96er9Its n,me is::: )r9;ie9)s heiVt::: <heir n,mes ,re::: ;ie heiVen::: Dur n,mes ,re::: Air heiVen::: Lour n,me is::: 4u heiVt::: Lour n,mes ,re::: Ihr heiVt::: Ah,t is our n,meP Aie heiVt duP Ah,t ,re our n,mesP Aie heiVt ihrP

<o ,sk someone elseJs n,me, ,sk >Aie heiVt:::> For more th,n one person, >Aie heiVen:::>
Dote8 <here are possessive pronouns in $erm,n, the @ust donJt ,ppl here:
Verbs
Lou h,ve ,lre,d le,rned one verb8 heiVen, to be c,lled: German Verb ' Wie :ei)t du* hei)en ' to be called !ingular Plural first person ich heiVe ir heiVen second person du heiVt ihr heiVt er heiVt third person sie heiVt sie heiVen es heiVt <#o more extremel common verbs ,re the $erm,n tr,nsl,tions (or Jto beJ ,nd Jto h,veJ8 sein ,nd ha&en: <he ,re con@u%,ted like this8
German Verb ' Wie :ei)t du* sein ' to be !ingular Plural first person ich bin I ,m ir sind #e ,re second person du bist ou ,re ihr seid ou ,re er ist he is third person sie ist she is sie sind the ,re es ist it is German Verb ' Wie :ei)t du* haben ' to have !ingular Plural first person ich h,be ir h,ben second person du h,st ihr h,bt er h,t third person sie h,t sie h,ben es h,t
Wie geht@s*
German Vocabulary ' Wie :ei)t du* :o are you* ' Wie geht@s* English German 6o# ,re ouP Aie %ehtJsP &esponses 'or Good $re,t 5rim, $ood $ut Eer %ood ;ehr %ut &esponses 'or Ead Niser,ble Niser,bel ?,d ;chlecht 2ot %ood 2icht %ut &esponses 'or "kay Dk, $,n7 %ut .lri%ht )s %eht so
Articles
$erm,n, like m,n other l,n%u,%es, %ives e,ch noun , %ender8 Basculine, ,eminine, ,nd Deuter: Plural is e,s B the de(inite nomin,tive .rticle is ,l#, s die: .nd ,s in )n%lish there is no inde(inite ,rticle in plur,l: 2ouns in plur,l (orm re=uire di((erent verb(orms th,n nouns in sin%ul,r: In )n%lish, there ,re t#o di((erent t pes o( ,rticles8 de(inite (the! ,nd inde(inite (, ,nd ,n!: $erm,n is the s,me, except th,t there ,re (ive di((erent ,rticles o( e,ch t pe: <he nominitive c,se ,rticles ,re ,s (ollo#s8
5efinite Articles
German Grammar ' Wie :ei)t du* The 5efinite Article of the Dominative #ase ' 5er definitive Artikel des Dominativi masculine der der Hun%e the bo singular /eminine die die Fr,u the #om,n neuter d,s d,s N/dchen the %irl die die Hun%en the bo s plural die Fr,uen the #omen die N/dchen the %irls
Indefinite Articles
German Grammar ' Wie :ei)t du* The Indefinite Article of the Dominative #ase ' 5er unbestimmte Artikel des Dominativ masculine ein ein N,nn , m,n singular /eminine eine eine Fr,u , #om,n neuter ein ein N/dchen , %irl
,orming Iuestions
<he common #ord order in , $erm,n sentence is the s,me ,s in )n%lish8 ;ub@ect verb Db@ects: (;vD!
Der Junge s"ielt Fu6&all1 <he bo pl, s soccer:
<his sentence is in the indicati)e mood, the mood th,t st,tes , (,ct: <he interrogati)e mood ,sks , =uestion: <o ch,n%e the )n%lish sentence ><he bo thro#s the b,ll> to the interro%,tive mood, #e insert the helper verb >does> be(ore >bo ,> endin% #ith,>P>: >4oes the bo thro# the b,llP>
<he process is ver simil,r in $erm,n: 6o#ever, since $erm,n verbs express both the simple ,nd pro%ressive ,spects, #e s itch the hole verb ith the subFect, endin% up #ith,
>S"ielt der Junge Fu6&all7> 4oes the bo pl, soccer
Lou h,ve le,rned t#o =uestions so (,r8 >Aie heiVt:::P> ,nd >Aie %ehtJsP>: In $erm,n, there ,re t#o b,sic #, s to (orm , =uestion: <he (irst is the method described ,bove: In ,ddition to this, ou c,n put ,n interrogati)e ad)er&::: German Vocabulary ' Wie :ei)t du* Iuestions ' ,ragen English German AhoP AerP Ah,tP A,sP AhereP AoP AhenP A,nnP Ah P A,rumP 6o#P AieP <he =uestion >Aie heiVt:::P>, directl tr,nsl,ted, me,ns >6o# is ::: c,lledP>: <h,t is #h it does not cont,in Was: <hese #ords come (irst in the sentenceB the #ord order is8 Interr: .dverb Eerb ;ub@ect Db@ect: For ex,mple8
Warum s"ielt der Junge Fu6&all7 Ah does the bo pl, soccerP
Lou should note ,t this point th,t in $erm,n, the verb al ays comes second in the sentence, except in the c,se o( , =uestion ,s described ,bove: The subFect is al ays ne<t to the verbG if not in front of it then follo ing it% For ex,mple8
Der Junge s"ielte am Montag Fu6&all1 <he bo pl, ed soccer on Nond, :
Am Montag s"ielte der Junge Fu6&all1 Dn Nond, , the bo pl, ed soccer:
.t this point, ou should kno# the #ords (or > es>, 8a ,nd >no>, nein respectivel :
What@s "n the Test

<o %o str,i%ht to the lesson test, %o here: <he test #ill h,ve (our p,rts to it8 $r,mm,r (1- points!, <r,nsl,tin% ("4 points!, +e,din% Fomprehension (*- points!, ,nd Eoc,bul,r (*0 points!, in th,t order: <he $r,mm,r section #ill test our ,bilit to con@u%,te verbs %iven the in(initive ,nd the sub@ect: Lou #ill ,lso h,ve to kno# the ,rticles o( cert,in nouns: <he <r,nsl,tin% section is #orth the most points, ,nd it too h,s t#o sections: Lou must kno# the tr,nsl,tions (or sentences ,nd phr,ses %oin% (rom )n%lish to $erm,n, ,nd be ,ble to t,ke , $erm,n di,lo%ue ,nd tr,nsl,te it b,ck into )n%lish: <he third section, +e,din% Fomprehension, is ,ll Fill-in-the-?l,nk: Lou #ill %et t#o di,lo%ues ,nd be ,sked to (ill in the bl,nks (or these: ;ome o( the h,rdest p,rts de,l #ith the %reetin%s, so m,ke sure ou kno# these: <he l,st section is , voc,bul,r section: Lou %et *- )n%lish #ords on the le(t ,nd *- $erm,n #ords on the ri%ht, ,nd be ,sked to m,tch them: <o stud (or th,t, check out the &1 (l,shc,rds rel,ted to this lesson ,t Fl,shc,rd)xch,n%e:com: <h,t is the #hole test: <,ke itW congratulations on com"leting
Lesson 1:01 O Aie 6eiVt duP

live version O discussion O exercises O test O edit lesson O comment O report ,n error O ,sk , =uestion
Lesson 1:0* O Frei7eit

5ialogue
German 5ialogue ' ,rei-eit !ports and time ' !port und 9eit 6,llo, $ret,W Aie sp/t ist esP )s ist viertel vor drei: AirklichP Ich spiele FuVb,ll um drei: N,chst du ;port, $ret,P 2ein, ich bin (,ul: Ich %ehe @et7t n,ch 6,use: FuVb,ll m,cht ,ber ;p,VW ?is d,nn: AiedersehenW live version discussion exercises test test ,ns#ers edit lesson comment report ,n error ,sk , =uestion
,ranGreta ,ranGreta ,ranGreta ,ran-
!ports and Activities

German Vocabulary ' ,rei-eit !ports and activities ' !port und AktivitJten English German sport(s! ;port interests 6obb s soccer FuVb,ll .meric,n (ootb,ll Footb,ll volle b,ll Eolle b,ll b,sketb,ll ?,sketb,ll tennis <ennis b,seb,ll ?,seb,ll 9-pin bo#lin% Ie%eln chess ;ch,ch bo,rd %,me d,s ?rettspiel %,me d,s ;piel home#ork 6,us,u(%,ben television Fernsehen movie der Film
!pielenG Bachen and "ther Verbs

.ll three verbs th,t ou #ere introduced to in Lesson 1 ,re irre%ul,r in some #, , ho#ever most verbs ,re re%ul,r verbs ,nd this is con@u%,tion o( them, German Verb ' ,rei-eit #onFugation ' 1onFugation !ingular first person ich -e ir second person du -st ihr er -t third person sie -t sie es -t
Plural -en -t -en
For ex,mple, the verbs s"ielen ,nd machen, German Verb ' ,rei-eit to play ' spielen !ingular Plural first person ich spiele ir spielen second person du spielst ihr spielt er spielt third person sie spielt sie spielen es spielt German Verb ' ,rei-eit to doKmake ' machen !ingular Plural first person ich m,che ir m,chen second person du m,chst ihr m,cht er m,cht third person sie m,cht sie m,chen es m,cht
Applications
Was machst du7 Ah,t ,re ou doin%P
9ch s"iele Bas$et&all1 I pl, b,sketb,ll:
S"ielst du Fu6&all7 4o ou pl, soccerP
9ch mache Hausau/ga&en1 I do home#ork:
%r macht Hausau/ga&en1 6e does home#ork:
Machst du S"ort7 4o ou pl, sportsP
2ote the l,st sentence: In )n%lish one "la,s , sport, #hile in $erm,n one does , sport: Lou c,n ,lso use the #-#ords (rom Lesson 1 to m,ke some more combin,tions:
Warum s"ielst du Base&all7 Ah do ou pl, b,seb,llP
Wer hat Hausau/ga&en7 Aho h,s home#orkP
<o s, >not>, use >nicht>: >2icht> %oes ,(ter the verb but be(ore the sport:
Wer s"ielt nicht Fu6&all7 Aho doesnJt pl, soccerP
Wir s"ielen nicht -ennis1 Ae donJt pl, tennis:
#ompound !entences
German Vocabulary ' ,rei-eit #onFunctions ' Verbindungen English German und ,ber oder
,nd but or
?oth $erm,n ,nd )n%lish h,ve compound sentences, the ,pplic,tions o( these ,re enormous: <he c,n be used in lists, but ,lso in compound sentences: For ex,mple,
9ch s"iele Bas$et&all' und er s"ielt auch Bas$et&all1 I pl, b,sketb,ll, ,nd he ,lso pl, s b,sketb,ll:
<he ne# #ord, LauchL, is ver import,nt ,nd it me,ns >,lso>: <he one %r,mm,r rule ,bout >,uch> is th,t is ,l#, s comes ,(ter the verb:
"ther Verbs and Their #onFugations

German Grammar ' ,rei-eit Verbs ' Verben German English lesen to re,d sch,uen to #,tch sehen to see ,rbeiten to #ork schreiben to #rite sch#immen to s#im ;ch,uen, schreiben ,nd sch#immen ,re ,ll re%ul,r verbs, the (ollo# norm,l con@u%,tions: <o con@u%,te , ou (irst remove the J en J, then ,dd the correct endin%, here is ,n ex,mple, Verb ,irst !tep ,inished sch,uen sch,u ich sch,ue .rbeiten is ,n irre%ul,r verb, ho#ever it h,s , simple ch,n%e: Ahenever the endin% st,rts #ith , conson,nt, ,n JeJ is ,dded be(ore it: ;o it #ould be du arbeitest, not du ar&eitst: .s #ell ,s erG sieG esG and ihr arbeitet, not er' sie' es' and ihr ar&eitt:
Lesen is ,lso ,n irre%ul,r verb: First, #hen (ormin% #ith >du, er, sie, ,nd es>, it is du liest, not du liesst or du lesst: ;ehen is the l,st irre%ul,r verb: Ahen (ormin% >du> it is siehst ,nd #ith >erG sieG and es> it is sieht:
T o Bore Verb ,orms

<here ,re t#o more verb (orms in )n%lish th,t ou #ill le,rn this lesson8 the present pro%ressive (>I ,m pl, in%, he is m,kin%>!, ,nd the ,((irm,tive >I do pl, , he does not pl, >, #hich includes , (orm o( Jto doJ: It mi%ht be temptin% to m,ke the present pro%ressive sentence, >I ,m pl, in%:> into >Ich bin spielen:>: .(ter ,ll, JspielenJ sounds , lot like Jpl, -in%J, but th,t is not the de(inition: J;pielenJ me,ns Jto pl, J, #hich m,kes >Ich bin spielen:> into >I ,m to pl, :>, not ,t ,ll #h,t ou ,re tr in% to s, : ;o it is not >Ich bin spielen:> <he second phr,se, >I do pl, >, is ,nother trick one: <his one m, seem like, >Ich m,che spielen:> ?ut donJt (or%et, there ,re no helpin% verbs in $erm,n: >Ich m,che spielen:> @ust doesnJt #ork: ?oth o( the phr,ses ,bove ,re simpli(ied in $erm,n: Inste,d o( >I ,m pl, in%:> ,nd >I do pl, :>, $erm,n m,kes them both simpl >I pl, :> Ahen usin% JnotJ, inste,d o( >does not pl, >, ou %et >pl, s not>: <his m, sound like old )n%lish, ,nd there ou see #here )n%lish c,me (rom, ,nd #h it is c,lled , >$erm,nic> l,n%u,%e:
E<pressing likes and dislikes

German Vocabulary ' ,rei-eit #onFunctions ' Verbindungen English German I like::: Ich h,be ::: %ern: A,s h,st du %ernP Ah,t do ou likeP In $erm,n, there ,re sever,l #, s to express likes ,nd dislikes: <he #, is , c,us,l #, : Lou c,n ,lso ,dd other verbs, (or other thin%s, like ,skin% or s, in% i( the like to pl, , or m,ke thin%s:

<o express pre(erence, use lieber inste,d o( gern1 For ex,mple, :Wir s"ielen lie&er Fu6&all1: <o express (,vorites, ou use am liebsten, me,nin% >most o( ,ll>, in the s,me context ,s lie&er: For ex,mple, :9ch s"iele am lie&sten Schach1:: <o express dislikes, use nicht gern inste,d o( gern:
Dumbers
<he (irst bi% unit in this Level 1 is time: $erm,n time is ver much like )n%lish time: 6o#ever, #e must be%in #ith $erm,n numbers: Deutsch )n%lish Deutsch )n%lish eins zwei drei )ier /*n/ sechs sie&en acht neun zehn el/ one t#o three (our (ive six seven ei%ht nine ten eleven sie&zehn seventeen zwanzig t#ent drei6ig )ierzig ;zig thirt (ort ;t, dreizehn thirteen )ierzehn (ourteen /*n/zehn (i(teen ;zehn ;teen
zw<l/ t#elve sie&zig sevent <his t,ble sho#s the b,sic numbers in $erm,n: <o s, , t#ent -one, s, >)inund7#,n7i%> - ,ll one #ord: J)insJ drops its JsJ #henever it is in th,t position: <here(ore, th,t me,ns >Dne ,nd t#ent >, in $erm,n: Dne more ch,n%e h,ppens ,t 11 ,nd 108 Inste,d o( cre,tin% , #ord #ith Js7J (sechs7i%, sechs7ehn!, the JsJ is dropped, cre,tin% sechzig (10! ,nd sechzehn (11!, pronounced ,s in >ich>: A,tch out (or J4reiVi%J: It is not (ormed #ith -7i% ,t the end like ,ll other dec,des (>7#,n7i%, vier7i%, (Cn(7i%, :::>!W <o s, numbers hi%her th,n 998 hundred - Hundert thous,nd - -ausend For ex,mple, *9-4 is s,id, >'#eit,usendneunhundertvierund,cht7i%:> ('#ei t,usend neun hundert vier und ,cht7i%! (* ^ 1000! ] (9 ^ 100! ] 4 Q -0
Time
Asking the Time
In $erm,n, there ,re t#o common #, s to ,sk the time: Lou c,n s, , >Aie viel 3hr ist esP>, #hich me,ns liter,ll , >Ah,t time is itP>: 6o#ever, it is seldom used ,n more: <he more common #, is to s, , >Aie sp/t ist esP>, even thou%h this onl me,ns, >6o# l,te is itP>: ;peci(ic times c,n be expressed in t#o #, s8 ex,ct (orm (>Four thirt -seven>!, or be(ore9,(ter (orm (><#ent -three to (ive>!:
E<act form
<his (orm is the s,me ,s )n%lish: <o s, , >It is 10810 ,:m:>, s, >)s ist 'ehn 3hr FCn(7ehn:> 2otice the =hr: <his me,ns >oJclock>, but is used in ,ll ex,ct times: $erm,ns use , *4-hour clock, like other countries in )urope ,nd .meric,n milit,r time: <o convert to .meric,n time, i( it is ,bove 1*, subtr,ct 1*: ;o .cht7ehn 3hr is the e=uiv,lent o( (1- - 1* \! 1 p:m: in .meric,n time: <o convert to $erm,n time, ,dd 1* i( it is p:m: ()xcept (or 1* p:m:, see belo#:! 4 p:m: is there(ore !ech-ehn Mhr: I( %iven ,n hour belo# 1*, it is ,:m: <he countin% o( hours st,rts (rom 7ero: ;o, in $erm,n, the time bet#een midni%ht ,nd 1 ,:m: is 08__: 11 p:m: #ould be *"800: 2ote th,t noon (1* p:m:! is 9 Nlf Mhr ,nd midni%ht (1* a:m:! is Dull Mhr: In r,re occ,sions, *4800 mi%ht be used, #hich implies th,t ou me,n Jth,t p,rticul,rJ d, (i%norin% th,t in (,ct , ne# #eekd, h,s st,rted ,t midni%ht! ;o, i( someone s, s >Nont,%, *4800>, ,ssume its ,t the end o( the d, o( mond, (<uesd, 1* ,:m: midni%ht!: >Nont,%, 0800> #ould be Nond, 1* ,:m: midni%ht: 6ours %re,ter th,n *4 ,re never used: >2oon> is s,id ,s >Mittag>, ,nd >Nidni%ht> is >Mitternacht> In $erm,n , it is ,lso not uncommon in ever d, contexts to use the 1*-hour clock: In th,t c,se, >vormitt,%s> (liter,ll Jbe(ore noonJ! corresponds to ,:m:, #hile >n,chmitt,%s> (,(ter noon! me,ns p:m: >.bends> (in the evenin%! is commonl used in pl,ce o( >n,chmitt,%s> (or times l,ter th,n 0 p:m: (1 3hr ,bends \ 1 p:m:! .lso, ,s in )n%lish, ou c,n omit >vormitt,%s> ,nd >n,chmitt,%s> i( itJs obvious (rom the context: 6o#ever, since this is nothin% ne# (in comp,rison to )n%lish!, ou #ill not be tested on it:
EeforeKAfter the :our

.(ter - nach <ill - )or 3se the s,me (orm ,s in )n%lish: For ex,mple, 1080& c,n be s,id ,s, >drei vor )l(:> Like#ise, 4810 #ould be >7ehn n,ch Eier:> < pic,ll , use the sm,ller number #ith Jn,chJ or JvorJ: 4onJt s, , >siebenund(Cn(7i% n,ch 'ehn:> 2ote8 <his is onl used #ith in(orm,l time tellin%: Lou donJt use J3hrJ, ,nd ou (or%et ,ll ,bout the *4 hour clock: ;ee ,bove (or more in(orm,tion: <here ,re ,lso , couple more #ords (or 810, 840, ,nd 8"0::: =u,rter - Viertel h,l( before - Hal& =u,rter before - Drei)iertel (used mostl in e,stern $erm,n , in most other re%ions ou #onJt be understood! 3se these #ords @ust ,s ou use others, except th,t ou donJt need , )or #hen usin% h,lb: For ex,mple, 118"0 c,n be s,id ,s, >6,lb 7#Rl(> ,nd 0810 c,n be s,id ,s >Eiertel n,ch FCn(>, 0840 #ould be >Eiertel vor ;echs> or >4reiviertel ;echs>:
!aying When Oou 5o !omething

Wann s"ielst du Foot&all7 (Footb,ll me,ns .meric,n Footb,ll: <he much more popul,r soccer #ould be >FuVb,ll>, #hich lit: me,ns Footb,ll! <o s, ou pl, , sport ,t , cert,in time in )n%lish, ou #ould ,ns#er, >I pl, (ootb,ll at "8"0:> <his is ,ll the s,me in $erm,n, #ith the tr,nsl,tion o( J,tJ bein% um: <h,t m,kes the ,bove response >Ich spiele Footb,ll um h,lb Eier:> or >Ich spiele Footb,ll um (Cn(7ehn 3hr dreiVi%:>:
"ther Time
Times of 5ay
In $erm,n ,nd )n%lish, m,n times one #ould #,nt to ,pproxim,te, such ,s >tomorro# ,(ternoon>: 6ere ,re the $erm,n tr,nsl,tions8 )n%lish the d, tod, tomorro# esterd, (e,rl ! mornin% mornin% ,(ternoon evenin% ni%ht Deutsch der -ag heute morgen gestern Morgen> Vormittag Nachmittag A&end Nacht
the d, ,(ter tomorro# *&ermorgen the d, be(ore esterd, )orgestern
UIn $erm,n, except the c,pit,li7,tion, the #ords (or >mornin%> ,nd >tomorro#> ,re the s,me8 morgen: I( ou #,nt to s, tomorrow morning use morgen /r*h (me,nin%8 earl, on the ne?t da,! inste,d o( Morgen morgen:
<he #ords ,bove c,n be combined into phr,ses like >heute 2,chmitt,%> or >%estern .bend>: 2ote th,t the time o( d, st, s c,pit,li7ed (it is , noun! ,nd the d, st, s lo#erc,se (it is ,n ,dverb!:
5ays and Bonths

$erm,n d, s ,nd months ,re ver simil,r to )n%lish months8 )n%lish Nond, <uesd, <hursd, Frid, ;,turd, ;und, H,nu,r Febru,r N,rch .pril N, Hune Hul .u%ust Dctober 4ecember Deutsch Montag Dienstag Donnerstag Freitag Samstag @or ;onn,bendA Sonntag Januar (or J#nner in .ustri,! Fe&ruar(or ver r,rel Fe&er! M#rz A"ril Mai Juni (or r,rel Juno>! Juli (or r,rel Julei>! August +$to&er Dezem&er
Aednesd, Mittwoch
;eptember Se"tem&er 2ovember No)em&er

U Juni ,nd Juli sounds ver simil,r: ;ometimes Juno ,nd Julei ,re used to sep,r,te the months, but onl in spoken #ords:
2ote the order o( the d, s o( the #eek: <he $erm,n #eek be%ins on Nond, : <o s, >on Nond, >, s, :am Montag: or #h,tever ,pplies: <o s, >in H,nu,r >, s, :im Januar: or #h,tever ,pplies: <his is the s,me (or ,ll o( the d, s ,nd months: Lou c,n ,lso combine the times o( d, (rom e,rlier #ith the d, s o( the #eek: ?ut the Jre both nouns: <o do this, there(ore, #e must combine the t#o #ords into one, ,s in >4ienst,%n,cht> (<uesd, ni%ht!:
5ates
)n%lish (irst o( (month! third o( (month! seventh o( (month! -th o( (belo# *0! tenth o( t#entieth o( thirt -(irst o( -th o( (*0 to "1! on (the! Deutsch erster dritter
second o( (month! zweiter (ourth o( (month! )ierter sie&ter
ei%hth o( (month! achter ;ter zehnter zwanzigster einunddrei6igster ;ster ,m @see &elow5A
I( ou #,nt to s, , (or ex,mple >on the *0th o( 4ecember>, simpl s, >,m (Cn(und7#,n7i%sten 4e7ember:>, in other c,ses ou s, >(Cn(und7#,n7i%ster 4e7ember> or >der (Cn(und7#,n7i%ste 4e7ember>: In $erm,n , d,tes ,re #ritten out in the lo%ic,l order Da, 1 Month 1 Bear, inste,d o( the .meric,n Month C Da, C Bear: For ex,mple, vier7ehnter .u%ust is #ritten ,s 14:-: 5le,se note th,t $erm,n uses , dot inste,d o( , sl,sh: 4o not use the sl,sh in d,tes, ,s it is unusu,l ,nd con(usin% bec,use ou c,nnot tell i( >491> me,ns 4th o( Hune (4:1:! or 1th o( .pril (1:4:! Eirthdays ?irthd, - e&urtstag <o s, , >N birthd, is on Hul *0th>, s, , >Ich h,be ,m 7#,n7i%sten Huli $eburtst,%:> 2ote the orderB it tr,nsl,tes b,ck liter,ll ,s >I h,ve on the *0th o( Hul birthd, :> <his kind o( thin% is common in $erm,n: <o celebr,te someoneJs birthd, in $erm,n, there ,re t#o common phr,ses: ;impl >6,pp ?irthd, > is >.lles $ute 7um $eburtst,%W> (lit: %)er,thing good to the &irthda,! ,nd >?est #ishes on our birthd, W> is >6er7lichen $lCck#unsch 7um $eburtst,%W> (heart, congratulation to the &irthda,1! I( ou #ere sendin% , c,rd, ou #ould most likel use the second one:
!easons
;prin% - Fr*hling ;ummer - Sommer .utumn9F,ll - Her&st Ainter - Winter in (the! - im For ex,mple, to s, >in ;ummer>, s, >im ;ommer>: <o s, >I pl, b,seb,ll in summer:>, s, >Ich spiele ?,seb,ll im ;ommer:>:
Periods of Time
I( ou #,nt to express , cert,in period o( time, but it doesnJt h,ve , speci(ic n,me, like Nachmittag, ou c,n do it like this8
von (st,rtin% time! bis (endin% time!:

<his is the s,me ,s (rom ::: till ::: in )n%lish: <his c,n ,lso ,ppl #ith d,tes: For ex,mple, >Air h,ben ;chule (school! von Nont,% bis Freit,%>: )xceptions8 >Air h,ben (rei vom (Cn(und7#,n7i%sten 4e7ember bis zum 7#eiten H,nu,r>:
:o often* Wie o/t7

<here ,re m,n #, s to ,ns#er this =uestion: <#o ,re >once9t#ice9three times in , :::>, or >,l#, s9o(ten9never:>: A Dumber or Times <o s, , >once , month>, or >(our times , #eek>, ,dd :mal: to the end o( the number ,nd s, >in the :::>: 6ere ,re the tr,nsl,tions (or >in the :::>8 4, - am <,% Aeek - in der Aoche or die Aoche Nonth - im Non,t Le,r - im H,hr Aeekend - am Aochenende Nornin% - am Nor%en or morgens )venin% - am .bend or a&ends .(ternoon - am 2,chmitt,% or nachmittags 2i%ht - in der 2,cht or nachts For ex,mple, >Ae bo#l t#ice , #eek:> is >Air ke%eln 7#eim,l in der Aoche:>
"ften Adverbs ,l#, s - immer most o( the time - meistens o(ten - o/t sometimes - manchmal seldom - selten never - nie onl - nur <o ,ppl these #ords, put them in the sentence, after the verb and subFectG but before the sportKactivity: Lou c,n ,lso use JnurJ to s, thin%s like, >;ie spielt nur m,nchm,l <ennis:> 2ote th,t i( this is tr,nsl,ted #ord-(or-#ord, it becomes, >;he pl, s onl sometimes tennis:>, not >;he onl sometimes pl, s tennis:> or >;he onl pl, s tennis sometimes:> <h,tJs @ust the #, $erm,n is:
TimeP/elated Words
<ime - die Deit Free time - die Freizeit <o s, ou h,ve time, i%nore the JdieJ: <o s, #hen, insert other phr,ses ou h,ve le,rned this lesson: For ex,mple, >Ich h,be ,m ;,mst,%,bend 'eit:> 2ote th,t the #ord order is the s,me ,s th,t o( birthd, s: Lou c,n use Frei7eit in the s,me #, :
U2ote th,t #hile >die 'eit> me,ns >the time>, the phr,se >6,st du die 'eitP> (>4o ou h,ve the timeP>! is not used to in=uire ,bout #h,t time it is: Lou c,n, ho#ever, use the phr,se to in=uire ,s to #hether or not someone h,s time to do somethin%:
What@s "n the Test

<o %o str,i%ht to the lesson test, %o here: <he test #ill h,ve (our p,rts to it8 $r,mm,r (&9 points!, <r,nsl,tin% (90 points!, +e,din% Fomprehension (*0 points!, Eoc,bul,r (*0 points!, ,nd 5revious <opics (10 points! in th,t order: <he $r,mm,r section #ill test our ,bilit to kno# the verbs (rom this lesson ,nd itJs v,rious visions, to kno# ,rticles - the %enders o( them ,nd the correct us,%e o( them, ,nd correct #ord order: <he <r,nsl,tin% section is #orth the most points, ,nd it too h,s three sections: Lou must kno# the tr,nsl,tions (or sentences ,nd phr,ses %oin% (rom )n%lish to $erm,n, ,nd be ,ble to t,ke , $erm,n di,lo%ue ,nd tr,nsl,te it b,ck into )n%lish: .lso ou must kno# the tr,nsl,tion (rom 2umbers to $erm,n: <he third section, +e,din% Fomprehension, is Fomprehension Suestions ou must kno# ho# to re,d the conversion ,nd ,(ter re,din% ou #ill be ,sked =uestion on the previous conversion: <he (ourth section is , voc,bul,r section: Lou %et *0 )n%lish #ords on the le(t ,nd *0 $erm,n #ords on the ri%ht, ,nd be ,sked to m,tch them: <o stud (or th,t, check out the 401 (l,shc,rds rel,ted to this lesson ,t Fl,shc,rd)xch,n%e:com 4art 9 ,nd Fl,shc,rd)xch,n%e:com 4art 99: <he l,st section, 5revious <opics, is , =uick revie# on Lesson 1 to %et re,d (or this section, @ust look ,t some p,st notes or %o to Lesson 1 ,nd stud : <h,t is the #hole test: <,ke itW congratulations on com"leting
Lesson 1:0* O Frei7eit

Lesson 1:0" O )ssen

5ialogue
Franz: Greta: Franz: Greta: Hallo, Greta! Wie geht's? Sehr gut. Ich habe Hunger. Ich auch. Mchtest du et as essen? !a!
"In der Gastst#tte$ Greta: Franz: Greta: Franz: Greta: Franz: Greta: Ich %chte Salat, &rot und Wasser. Hast du 'etzt (einen Hunger? )ein, ich habe gro*en Hunger. Was be(o%%st du? Ich be(o%%e ein St+c( ,-.elstrudel und einen /isbecher. Waru% das? 0u sollst eine &rat urst neh%en. )ein, ich bin zu.rieden. Ich habe (einen gro*en Hunger. ,ch so, dann ist das genug.
live version discussion exercises test test ,ns#ers edit lesson comment report ,n error ,sk , =uestion
")ach z anzig Minuten.$ Greta: 0iese Gastst#tte ist schrec(lich! Ich %chte et as zu essen! Franz: Wir gehen!
,ood;
6ere ,re some thin%s ou mi%ht order ,t , rest,ur,nt, (,st (ood or sit-do#n8
,--etizers "die 1ors-eise, 1ors-eisen$ Salad - der Salat Bread - das Brot &readstic( 2 die Scheibe &rot
Main 0ishes "das Hau-tgericht, Hau-tgerichte$ Sausage - die Wurst Sausages 2 die W+rste Bratwurst - die Bratwurst Hot Dog - das "or der$ Hot Dog Pizza - die Pizza 3izzas 2 die 3izzen "or die 3izzas$ Hamburger - der Hamburger "-ronounced either li(e the 4it5 o. Ha%burg, or li(e in /nglish$ Hamburgers - die Hamburger with - mit "ignore article$ without - ohne "ignore article$ Tomatoes - Tomaten Lettuce - der Salat Cheese - der Kse 3ic(les 2 die Gur(en 67 die Ge +rzgur(en "%ore -recise$ 6nions 2 die 8 iebeln Ketchu - der "or das$ Ketchu !ustard - der Sen" Chic#en - das Hhnchen 4hic(ens 2 die H#hnchen Sea.ood 2 die Meeres.r+chte "-lural$ $ish - %der& $isch Sides "die &eilage "singular$, die &eilagen "-lural$$ Sou - die Su e Sou s - die Su en 'oodle Sou - die 'udelsu e $rench $ries - die Pommes "rites "-lural$ 9his ord is -ronounced French, so it sounds li(e :-o%% .ritt:. $ries - die Pommes or die $ritten "both in.or%al and -lural$ 9his ti%e it's not -ronounced French; rather 5ou sa5 '-o%%is'. Pasta - die Pasta or die 'udeln Potato - die Karto""el Potato - %in (ustria& )rda "el %earth a le& Potatoes - die Karto""eln Potatoes - %(ustria& )rd "el !ashed Potatoes - der Karto""elbrei $ried Potatoes - die Brat#arto""eln "-lural$ 4orn 2 Mais Corn on the Cob - !ais#olben &ean 2 die &ohne "not green beans$ Beans - die Bohnen
0esserts "die )achs-eise, )achs-eisen or der )achtisch$ G<teau 2 0ie "Sahne2$9orte Strudel - der Strudel ,--le strudel 2 ,-.elstrudel 4herr5 strudel 2 =irschstrudel 3o--5 seed strudel 2 Mohnstrudel Ca#e - der Kuchen Piece o" Ca#e - das St*c# Kuchen Pie - die Pastete Piece o" Pie - das St*c# Pastete ,--le 3ie 2 die ,-.el-astete +ce Cream - das )is &o l o. Ice 4rea% 2 der /isbecher Pudding - der Pudding Coo#ie - der Ke#s Coo#ies - die Ke#se $ruit - das ,bst The !eal - das )ssen Lunch - !ittagessen "noon %eal$ Dinner - (bendessen "e>ening %eal$
<his list o( (oods (die ;peise, ;peisen! is ver use(ul: 5rint it out ,nd keep it: D( course it is recommended th,t ou memori7e ,ll o( the tr,nsl,tions ,nd %enders o( these (oods, but the lesson problems ,nd test #ill onl re=uire the bolded ones to be memori7ed:
Accusative #ase
.s ou kno# (rom the Intro, in $erm,n, there ,re (our c,ses: <hree ,re used o(ten: <he (irst, Dominative #ase, ou le,rned in Lesson 1: It covers the sub@ect, ,nd the predic,te noun (in >6e is (noun!:>, (noun! is the predic,te noun!: <he second, the Accusative #ase, ou #ill le,rn no#: It covers the direct ob@ect ,nd the ob@ect o( sever,l prepositions: <he third, the 5ative #ase #ill be t,u%ht l,ter on: It covers the indirect ob@ect ,nd the ob@ect o( m,n other prepositions: 2ote8 <he Accusative #ase ,nd 5ative #ase ,re identic,l in )n%lishB th,tJs #here the extr, c,se comes (rom:
Articles
N,sculine Feminine 2euter 5lur,l 4e(inite .rticle Inde(inite .rticle den einen die eine d,s ein die -eineU
H The indefinite article for plurals is nonPe<istant% :o ever related ordsG such as possessives and the keinP ords that you ill learn later this lessonG ill end in eine for plurals%
In the ,rticles, the memor hook (or ,ccus,tive c,se is >4er %oes to den (pronounced >d,in>! ,nd the rest st, the s,me:>: <he m,sculine inde(inite ,rticle %oes to einen, ,nd ever thin% else st, s the s,me there: <here(ore ,bove, der 6,mbur%er %oes to den 6,mbur%er ,nd ein 6,mbur%er %oes to einen 6,mbur%er #hen the h,mbur%er is the direct ob@ect, such ,s in >)r h,t einen 6,mbur%er:> (>6e h,s , h,mbur%er:>! I( ou ,re %ettin% con(used, itJs (ine: <his topic is one o( the h,rdest (or )n%lish spe,kers to %r,sp: 6ere ,re some solutions8 <o (ind out the c,se o( somethin%, (irst (ind the verb: <he verb rules the sentence: )ver thin% revolves ,round it: 2ext ou (ind the sub@ect o( the sentence: <he sub@ect is the thin%9person th,t is doing the verb: The subFect is al ays in the Dominative #aseG so it takes on the derG dieG dasG dieG or einG eineG ein% 2o# ou look b,ck ,t the verb: I( it is , bein% verb (,m, ,re, is, etc:!, the next noun ,(ter the verb is the predicate noun: .n e,s #, to (i%ure this out is to #rite ,n e=u,tion: I( the verb c,n be repl,ced #ith ,n e=u,ls si%n (\!, then the (ollo#in% noun is , predic,te noun: I( it c,nJt be repl,ced b ,n e=u,ls si%n, re(er to the next p,r,%r,ph: The predicate noun is also al ays in the Dominative #aseG so the same rules apply to it%
Ich bin ein !unge. Sie ist eine Frau.
I( the verb o( the sentence is ,n ,ction verb (pl, in%, thro#in%, m,kin%, e,tin%!, (ind #h,t the sub@ect is doin% the verb to: For ex,mple, i( the verb is >m,kes> (m,cht!, ou look (or #h,t is bein% m,de: <h,t is the direct ob@ect: The direct obFect is al ays in the Accusative #aseG so it takes on the denG dieG dasG dieG or einenG eineG ein%
Sie haben den 4heeseburger. Habt ihr einen Salat?
<he inde(inite ,rticles, #hen ou @ust look ,t their endin%s, %o -, e, -, e (or nomin,tive c,se, ,nd en, e, -, e (or ,ccus,tive: <his c,n be memori7ed ,s >?l,nkie, ?l,nkie, .n ?l,nkie:> +emember, bet#een nomin,tive ,nd ,ccus,tive, the onl third-person ch,n%e is in the m,sculine (orm:
Pronouns
<he pronouns experience , much bi%%er ch,n%e th,n the ,rticles: <his is ,lso true in )n%lish, ,s the ,rticles (,, ,n, the! do not ch,n%e ever, but I %oes to me, #e %oes to us, etc: 2ot ever thin% is the s,me, thou%h: Ahile me is mich ,nd us is uns, the second ,nd third persons under%o di((erent ch,n%es: In third person, ,s in the ,rticles, the onl ch,n%e is in m,sculine sin%ul,r: Follo#in% the >der %oes to den> rule, er %oes to ihn #hen in the ,ccus,tive c,se: <he second person in )n%lish never ch,n%es: In $erm,n, du %oes to dich ,nd ihr %oes to euch: ;ie, the (orm,l version o( either, st, s the s,me: +emember, ;ie (*nd person (orm,l! ,nd sie ("rd person plur,l! onl di((er in their me,nin%s ,nd the (,ct th,t the (ormer is c,pit,li7ed ,nd the l,tter is not: <his st, s true throu%hout $erm,n %r,mm,r: 6ere is , t,bul,r represent,tion o( the ,bove: 5erson 1st *nd "rd !ingular )n%lish me ou $erm,n mich dich us ou ( J,ll! them Plural )n%lish $erm,n uns euch sie
him, her, ihn' sie' es it
Antecedents 2ote8 -his is 8ust a Euic$ lesson in %nglish grammar a""lied into erman1 9/ ,ou alread, $now all a&out antecedents in %nglish' s$i" the /irst "aragra"h1 Ahen usin% , pronoun, ou h,ve to kno# #h,t it is (or it to #ork: <here ,re some r,re exceptions, such ,s in m steries or dr,m,, but other#ise this is ,l#, s true: ;ometimes in di,lo%ue this is t,ken c,re o( b pointin% or m,kin% some other %esture, but most o( the time, the pronoun modi(ies somethin% ,lre,d mentioned: The obFectKperson mentioned earlier that turns into a pronoun later is called the antecedent% In $erm,n this is ver use(ul: Lou c,nJt simpl s, JitJ ,n more: N,n (ood #ords ,re m,sculine ,nd (eminine, ,nd #hen ou turn them into pronouns, the turn into JheJ, JsheJ, JhimJ, ,nd JherJ, not ,l#, s JitJ: For ex,mple, the sentence ><he cheesebur%er t,stes %ood: ItJs ver crunch :> turns into ><he cheesebur%er t,stes %ood: HeFs ver crunch :> 2ote8 Lou #ill le,rn ho# to s, this in $erm,n l,ter in this lesson: Ah is it >he>P <his is #here the ,ntecedent comes in: ?ec,use there ,re (oods th,t ,re m,sculine ,nd (eminine in $erm,n, ou c,nJt ,ssume the JesJ: Lou h,ve to look b,ck ,t the previous sentence, ,t the ,ntecedent, der .heese&urger: >4er Fheesebur%er> is repl,ced b er (since it is the sub@ect, ,nd there(ore in 2omin,tive F,se!: <here(ore, ,ll ou need to kno# ,re these connections8 der9den-er9ihn, die-sie, d,s-es, die-sie:
,oodP/elated Verbs

essen @9A - to e,t, to be e,tin%, to do e,t trin$en - to drink, to be drinkin%, to do drink &e$ommen - to %et9receive, to be %ettin%9receivin%, to do %et9receive m<chten @MA - #ould like wollen @MA - to #,nt, to be #,ntin%, to do #,nt
D( these (ive verbs, onl trinken ,nd bekommen ,re re%ul,r: )ssen is irregular (th,tJs #h,t the >I> me,ns!: 4o ou remember (rom the l,st lesson JlesenJ ,nd JsehenJP In both o( them, the (irst JeJ ch,n%ed to JieJ in the du- ,nd er9sie9es-(orms: Aell essen experiences the s,me ch,n%e, except th,t it ch,n%es to JiJ, not JieJ: .lso, it ,cts the s,me ,s JlesenJ in the du-(orm8 Lou donJt h,ve three sJs in , ro#: <here(ore, du9er9sie9es isst ,nd ever thin% else is the s,me: 9sst sounds ,nd looks , lot like ist: <he minute di((erence h,ppens to be in the #, ou pronounce the s: Ahen ou me,n eats it is sometimes ,n overstressed hissin% (i:e: extremel sh,rp! sound: In norm,l li(e $erm,ns, too, c,n onl tell #hich verb is me,nt (rom kno#in% the context: Hust like in l,st lesson, #here ou could s, , :9ch s"iele gerne Fu6&all1:, ou c,n ,lso extend it to (ood: >I like to e,t cheesebur%ers:> is tr,nsl,ted ,s :9ch esse gerne .heese&urger1: <he l,st t#o verbs (m,rked @MA! ,re modals: <he #ill be discussed in the next section:
Bodals
In the introduction, ou le,rned th,t $erm,n h,s no helpin% verbs: Inste,d, the h,ve modals, #ords th,t b,sic,ll do the s,me thin%: Nod,ls ,re con@u%,ted ver di((erentl (rom norm,l verbs: <he ich- ,nd er9sie9es-(orms ,re ,l#, s the s,me, #hile the du-(orm ,dds ,n JstJ: Nost mod,ls experience , vo#el ch,n%e (rom sin%ul,r to plur,l, ,nd the rest is the s,me:
BNchten
NRchten isnJt technic,ll , mod,l, but it ,cts ex,ctl the s,me: <here is no vo#el ch,n%e, ,nd the ich,nd er9sie9es (orms ,re >mRchte>: 6ere is the complete con@u%,tion8 5erson $st +nd ;in%ul,r ich du m<chte m<chtest 5lur,l #ir m<chten ihr m<chtet
.rd er9sie9es m<chte sie m<chten NRchten me,ns >#ould like> ,nd c,n be ,pplied to (ood (i:e: Ich mRchte einen Fheesebur%er:!: NRchten c,n be tr,nsl,ted even more liter,ll ,s >#ould like to>, ,nd is tr,dition,ll used #ith ,n in(initive verb ,t the end o( the sentence (i:e: >Ich mRchte @et7 %ehen>9>I #ould like to %o no#>!: 6o#ever, this in(initive is not necces,r i( itJs completel obvious #h,t ouJre t,lkin% ,bout (I( ou s, >Ich mRchte einen Fheesebur%er>, ever one #ill ,ssume th,t ou #ould like , cheesebur%er to e,t:! (2ote8 <echnic,ll , >mRchten> is not , #ord: <he ,bove cited con@u%,tion is ,ctu,ll the >Ion@unktiv> o( >mR%en>, #hich h,s become so popul,r ,s , phr,se, th,t even m,n $erm,ns tod, ,renJt ,#,re o( it ,n more, so ou donJt need to #orr ,bout it: >)t#,s mR%en> me,ns >to like sth>, ,nd >I #ould like> is the closest tr,nsl,tion o( >ich mRchte>!
Wollen
Aollen is , true mod,lB it even ch,n%es vo#els: Ich9er9sie9es #ill ,nd du #illst: 6ere is the complete con@u%,tion8 5erson $st +nd ;in%ul,r ich du will willst 5lur,l #ir wollen ihr wollt
.rd er9sie9es will sie wollen Aollen c,n ,lso be ,pplied to (ood, but m, be considered impolite ,nd dem,ndin% (>Ich #ill einen Fheesebur%erW> rou%hl me,ns >I dem,nd , cheesebur%erW> M<chten should be used inste,d8 >Ich mRchte einen Fhessebur%erW> \ >I #,nt , chessebur%erW>!: Aollen should not be con(used #ith the (uture tense, despite the presence o( the )n%lish #ord J#illJ in the con@u%,tions: 6o#ever, #ill c,n ,lso me,n ,n intent or , document sho#in% #h,t one wants to h,ppen: ;o it is not so di((erent (rom Jto #,ntJ ,s possibl ori%in,ll presumed:
Bodals ith other verbs

Ahen ou need to use ,nother verb #ith , mod,l (;uch ,s expressin% ou #ould like or #,nt to pre(orm ,n ,ction! the sentenceJs #ord order is some#h,t di((erent th,n it #ould be in )n%lish: In )n%lish ou #ould st,te the sub@ect pronoun (such ,s >I>!, ,n )n%lish e=uiv,lent to the mod,l verb (such ,s >#,nt>!, the ,ction ou #,nt to pre(orm (such ,s >to e,t>! ,nd th,n #h,t the ,ction #ill be pre(ormed on (such ,s >h,mbur%er>!, m,kin% the sentence >I #,nt to e,t , h,mbur%er:> In $erm,n ou must put the ,ction ,t the end o( the sentence, m,kin% the sentence >I #,nt , h,mbur%er to e,t:> (:9ch will einen Ham&urger essen1:!
:unger and Thirst

In $erm,n, inste,d o( s, in%, >IJm hun%r :>, ou s, >I h,ve hun%er:> <he s,me ,pplies to thirst: 6ere ,re the $erm,n tr,nsl,tions8 6un%er - der 6un%er (hoon-%,re! D+ (hoon%-er!`-5erh,ps , di,lect: <hirst - der 4urst Like in )n%lish, these t#o #ords do not h,ve , plur,l (orm: Ahen usin% them, ou donJt need to #orr ,bout the JderJB ou c,n @ust s, , >Ich h,be 6un%er:> to s, >I ,m hun%r >:
,ormal #onversations
In Lesson 1, ou le,rned ho# to t,lk (orm,ll , usin% phr,ses like >$uten Nor%enW> ,nd >Aie heiVen ;ieP>: <here ,re, ho#ever, , (e# #ords th,t ,re Jsurviv,l #ordsJ in $erm,n , speci(ic,ll 5anke - <h,nk ou, <h,nks Eitte - 5le,se and LouJre #elcome: <o m,ke this even more (orm,l, ou c,n t,ck on the #ord JschRnJ to the end o( ><h,nk ou> ,nd >LouJre #elcome> to m,ke Jd,nkeschRnJ ,nd JbitteschRnJ (both one #ord! in response: ;chRn liter,ll me,ns Jprett J ( ouJll rele,rn this next lesson!, so it turns those ever d, phr,ses into compliments (><h,nks, prett :>!: !ome other ays to say Lthank youL8

4,nkeschRn - <h,nk ou ver much 4,nke sehr - <h,nks , lot 6er7lichen 4,nk (>her7lichen> me,ns sincere or (rom the he,rtB ou m, remember it (rom >6er7lichen $lCck#unsch 7um $eburtst,%W> l,st lesson! Eielen 4,nk - <h,nks , lot <,usend 4,nkU - <h,nks , million (liter,ll me,ns , thous,nd, but no one ever s, s ><h,nks , thous,nd:>! .u(richti%en 4,nkU - #ould be >th,nk ou sincerel > ()er, (orm,l!
U - Lou #ill not be tested on these phr,ses:
!ome other ays to say LOou are elcomeL8

?itteschRnW ?itte sehrW $ern %eschehenW (4onJt mention it! $erneW Iein 5roblemW (2o problem! 4,(Cr nichtWU - (4o! not (th,nk me! (or this (onl used in 2orthern $erm,n !
U - Lou #ill not be tested on this phr,se:
1einP ords
<#ice ou h,ve been t,u%ht th,t the endin% o( the inde(inite ,rticle (or plur,ls would &e eine ((or 2omin,tive ,nd .ccus,tive c,ses!, i( there #,s ,n inde(inite ,rticle (or plur,ls: 2o# th,t lesson ,pplies: <he kein-#ords h,ve the s,me endin%s ,s the ein-#ords, ,nd the me,n the opposite8 no, not ,n , none: For ex,mple, >kein Fheesebur%er> me,ns >no cheesebur%er>: >Ieine Fheesebur%er> (in this c,se Fheesebur%er is plur,l! me,ns >2o cheesebur%ers>: 2otice the JeJ ,t the end o( JkeineJ: <h,tJs the endin% (or plur,ls ,nd (eminine nouns ,nd c,n be likened to the >der, die, d,s -M die> rel,tionship, #here the (eminine ,rticle serves (or the plur,l ,s #ell:
"rdering at a /estaurant in Germany

+est,ur,nt - d,s +est,urJ,ntJ (pronounci,ted French! ,t (the! - beim <here ,re m,n rest,ur,nts ou mi%ht (ind in $erm,n : Nuch like in )n%lish-spe,kin% countries, ou #ould more likel use the n,me o( the rest,ur,nt th,n n,me #h,t kind o( rest,ur,nt: I( ou #,nt to ,dress the #ish to e,t , cert,in (ood, there ,re t#o #, s8 ex,mple8 >#,ntin% to e,t chinese (ood> 1: >Ich mRchte %erne 7um Fhinesen:> - liter,ll 8 >I #,nt to %o to the Fhinese (rest,ur,nt!:> *: >Ich mRchte %erne chinesisch essen (%ehen!:> - liter,ll 8 >I #,nt to (%o! e,t Fhinese (st le!:> 6ere ,re some more rest,ur,nts ou c,n (ind in $erm,n 8

Fhinese (ood8 >7um Fhinesen> 9 >chinesisch essen> H,p,nese (ood8 >7um H,p,ner> 9 >@,p,nisch essen> .meric,n (ood8 >7um .merik,ner> 9 >,merik,nisch essen> Nexic,n (ood8 >7um Nexik,ner> 9 >mexik,nisch essen> .r,bic (ood8 >7um .r,ber> 9 >,r,bisch essen> It,li,n (ood8 >7um It,liener> 9 >it,lienisch essen> Indi,n (ood8 >7um Inder> 9 >indisch essen> French (ood8 >7um Fr,n7osen> 9 >(r,n7Rsich essen> $reek (ood8 >7um $riechen> 9 >%riechisch essen> <urkish (ood8 >7um <Crken> 9 >tCrkisch essen>
Accusative case prepositions

Lou re,d ,t the be%innin% o( this lesson th,t the Accusative #ase covers the direct ob@ect ,nd the ob@ects o( some prepositions: 6ere ,re those prepositions th,t ,l#, s (,ll under .ccus,tive F,se Durch - throu%h F*r - (or egen - ,%,inst +hne - #ithout =m - ,t, ,round <hese prepositions c,n be memori7ed e,sil usin% , common tune: >ItJs , ;m,ll Aorld .(ter .ll> ,nd >N,r 6,d , Little L,mb> both #ork #ell (or this: Lou le,rned um l,st lesson, ,nd ohne e,rlier this lesson: Durch ,nd gegen #ill be t,u%ht in depth l,ter, ,nd (Cr #ill be t,u%ht no#: 3p until this point, ou h,ve onl #orried ,bout the .ccus,tive F,se in third person: FCr, me,nin% J(orJ, c,n ,nd should be used in the (irst ,nd second persons, too: 6ereJs ,n ex,mple8 ><he cheesebur%er is (or me:> - >4er Fheesebur%er ist /*r mich:> .s ou c,n see, JmeJ is put into ,ccus,tive c,se bec,use the preposition is /*r:
!aying :o ,ood Tastes

In $erm,n (,s in )n%lish! there ,re sever,l #, s o( tellin% ho# (ood t,stes: Lou c,n do this #ith J%utJ ,nd JschlechtJ (rom Lesson 1 to s, 8 5er #heeseburger schmeckt gut P The meal tastes good 5er #heeseburger schmeckt schlecht P The meal tastes bad
?ut this is v,%ue: Ah do ou think it t,stes %oodP Lou c,n use the (ollo#in% #ords to more ,cutel describe ho# the cheesebur%er t,stes8

delicious - lec$er delicious - deli$atU (, lot more (orm,l th,n lecker! t,st - schmac$ha/t @uic - sa/tigU crunch - $nac$ig crisp - $nus"rigU spic - w*rzig, "i$ant st,le, t,steless - /adeU (.ustri,8 (,d! s,lt - salzig overs,lted - )ersalzenU s#eet - s*6 bitter - &itter sour - sauer cre,m - cremigU hot (in the sense o( >ver spic >! - schar/ hot (in the sense o( >ver #,rm>! - hei6 burnt - ange&ranntU cold - $alt dis%ustin% - schrec$lich
U - Lou #ill not be tested on these descriptors:
!chmecken is , re%ul,r verb: 6ere is itJs con@u%,tion8 5erson $st +nd ich du ;in%ul,r schmec$e schmec$st ihr 5lur,l #ir schmec$en schmec$t
.rd er9sie9es schmec$t sie schmec$en <he (irst ,nd second persons re,ll shouldnJt be used: 2o one is %oin% to s, , >Lou %u s t,ste s,lt > or >I t,ste cre,m > (,t le,st hope(ull !: ;o the onl (orms ou need to kno# ,re er9sie9es schmec$t ,nd sie (plur,l! schmec$en: Lou c,n use JschmecktJ ,nd JschmeckenJ or JistJ ,nd JsindJ to st,te ho# the (ood t,stes: Hust use #hichever one ou #ould use in )n%lish ,nd itJll be correct: .lthou%h the )n%lish me,nin% o( schmec$en is simpl to taste, :Schmec$t der .heese&urger7: c,n be t,ken in , positive #, to me,n >4o ou like the cheesebur%erP>: In other #ords, schmec$en ,lone c,n me,n to taste good:
5ieserPforms
>-he cheesebur%er t,stes %ood:> does not sound th,t speci(ic ,s to #hich cheesebur%er ou ,re t,lkin% ,bout: Lou could be t,lkin% ,bout some other cheesebur%er th,n the one in (ront o( ou: It @ust isnJt cle,r: 2o#, i( ou s,id, >-his cheesebur%er t,stes %ood:>, it #ould be obvious th,t ouJre t,lkin% ,bout the cheesebur%er ouJre e,tin%: J4ieserJ is the $erm,n tr,nsl,tion (or JthisJ8 >4ieser Fheesebur%er schmeckt %ut:>
5ieser
4ieser is , speci,l ,d@ective: It ch,n%es (orms in di((erent situ,tions8 di((erent %enders ,nd di((erent c,ses: It c,n ,lso me,n JtheseJ #hen modi( in% , plur,l: 6ere ,re its (orms8 N,sculine Feminine 2euter 5lur,l 2omin,tive F,se dieser diese dieses diese .ccus,tive F,se diesen diese dieses diese .s ou c,n see, dieser is onl ,ppropri,te (or modi( in% m,sculine nouns in nomin,tive c,se: ?ut JFheesebur%erJ, #hich is m,sculine, is the sub@ect o( the sentence, >4ieser Fheesebur%er schmeckt %ut:> ;o it is correct in th,t circumst,nce: Lou m, be #onderin% #h JdieserJ is ho# it is presented ,s , #hole: .(ter ,ll, it onl ,pplies to m,sculine nouns in the nomin,tive c,se, #hile JdieseJ ,pplies (or both (eminine and plur,l nouns, nomin,tive and ,ccus,tive c,se: ?ut to be %ender-less, ou could use JdiesesJ inste,d: ItJs the (,ct th,t ou could use ,n o( those in the nomin,tive c,se to summ,ri7e the #ord: 4ieserJs loc,tion in the upper le(t h,nd corner m,kes it st,nd out ,nd %et chosen:
Qeder
Jeder me,ns Jever J: It ,cts ex,ctl like JdieserJ in its endin%s, so it should be e,s to remember: 6ere ,re the di((erent (orms8 N,sculine Feminine 2euter 2omin,tive F,se @eder @ede @edes .ccus,tive F,se @eden @ede @edes 2otice the ,bsence o( the plur,l (orm: Ahen ou think ,bout this, itJs the s,me in )n%lish8 no one s, s Jever booksJ:
Welcher
JAelcherJ is the third o( this threesome o( ,d@ectives: JAelcherJ me,ns J#hichJ, the seventh #-#ord so (,r (#er, #,s, #,nn, #o, #,rum, #ie, ,nd #elcher!: Its (orms h,ve the s,me endin%s ,s JdieserJ: N,sculine Feminine 2euter 2omin,tive F,se #elcher .ccus,tive F,se #elchen 5lur,l #elche #elches #elche #elche #elches #elche
#onnection ith Time

Lou mi%ht #,nt to s, Jever d, J, Jthis #eekJ, Jever mornin%J, or J#hich <uesd, ni%htPJ: ?ut to do this, not onl do ou need to kno# the @eder-(orms, but ,lso the %enders o( the times ,nd the c,ses: <he second one is e,s 8 Whenever you do something at a certain timeG that time is put into Accusative #ase% L,st lesson, ou le,rned the %ender o( one time8 der <,%: ;o no# ou kno# ever thin% to s, Jdiesen <,%J, J@eden <,%J, ,nd J#elchen <,%PJ (this d, , ever d, , ,nd #hich d, P!: 6ere ,re the c,ses o( ,ll the times in Lesson *8 N,sculine <,% Non,t Nor%en .bend 2,chmitt,% Feminine Aoche 2,cht

2euter H,hr Aochenende
Ahen extendin% to J#hich <uesd, ni%htPJ, remember th,t the ni%ht st, s (eminine on <uesd, , so it st, s >Aelche 4ienst,%n,chtP>: Like#ise, ou c,n s, Jever HuneJ the s,me ,s Jever monthJ8 J@eden HuniJ:
This and That

9ch m<chte einen .heese&urger1 Der schmec$t sehr gut1 9ch esse 8eden -ag .heese&urger1 Die ha&e ich gern1 Look ,t the second sentence o( e,ch o( these $erm,n di,lo%ues: Ah,tJs missin%P <h,tJs ri%ht, inste,d o( >4er Fheesebur%er schmeckt sehr %ut:> ,nd >4ie Fheesebur%er h,be ich %ern:>, both o( the JFheesebur%erJs, so to spe,k, ,re dropped: AeJre le(t #ith @ust the ,rticles, onl in this c,se, the ,renJt ,rticles: <he Jre demonstrative pronouns: 4emonstr,tive pronouns ,renJt sc,r : <he Jre @ust the s,me ,s the norm,l pronouns, onl the %ive more oom"h to the sentence: <he c,n be tr,nsl,ted ,s either JthisJ or Jth,tJ (>IJd like , cheesebur%er: <h,t t,stes ver %ood:>!, or JtheseJ or JthoseJ (or plur,ls (>I e,t cheesebur%ers ever d, : <hese I like:>!: 4emonstr,tive pronouns ,re ex,ctl the s,me ,s the de(inite ,rticles (#ell, there is one ch,n%e in d,tive, but th,t #ill be covered in Lesson &!: I( ou ,re not sure o( the %ender (me,nin% in context, the spe,ker doesnJt kno#, not th,t ouJve (or%otten th,t itJs Jder Fheesebur%erJ!, use Jd,sJ, like in >A,s ist d,sP> (Ah,t is th,tP!:
Boney and Paying

$erm,n , .ustri,, Luxembur%, ?el%ium ,nd ;Cdtirol a in other #ords8 ,ll $erm,n spe,kin% re%ions except ;#it7erl,nd ,nd Liechtensteina h,ve %iven up their (ormer currencies ,nd ,dopted the )uro ,s o( 1999: Dne %uro is #orth 100 .ents: ?ec,use the ,re not members o( the )urope,n 3nion, ;#it7erl,nd ,nd Liechtenstein h,ve kept the ;#iss Fr,ncs (Fran$en \ 100 Ga""en!:
+ne %uro .oin
J)uroJ norm,ll does not ch,n%e in the plur,l in $erm,n, so ou #ould still s, >Ich h,be 000 )uro:> 2evertheless, there is ,n exception8 )uro coins: I( ou s, >Ich h,be vier )uros:>, ou ,ctu,ll ,re s, in% th,t ou h,ve (our 1-)uro coins: ?ec,use the b,cksides o( euro coins look di((erent in e,ch countr , m,n people in )urope h,ve st,rted collectin% (orei%n euro coins: In this c,se ou c,n s, >Ich h,be irische )uros:> (I h,ve Irish euro coins:! (or ex,mple: <here is not et , rule #hether or not the #ord :.ent: h,s , di((erent plur,l (orm: <he m,@orit o( $erm,ns ,re usin% the #ord :.ent: ,s , plur,l (orm, but #hen the donJt it is simpl :.ents:: In $erm,n >euro> is pronounced [boi-ro], not [ ou-ro]: For >Fent> there ,re t#o pronunci,tions8 ou c,n either pronounce it ,s in )n%lish or ou s, >t7ent>: <he l,tter version se,ms to be pre(erred b older people: Ahen ,t , rest,ur,nt, ou #ill #,nt to p, ,t the end: Lou c,n use this voc,bul,r to help ou: to p, - zahlen the bill - die Gechnung the #,iter - der +&er >6o# much is th,tP> - :Was macht das7: (>Ah,t does th,t m,keP>! <o ,sk (or the bill ou c,n s, , >?itte 7,hlenW>, or m,ke it , complete sentence8 >Ich mRchte 7,hlenW>, or >Air mRchten9#ollen 7,hlenW>: Lou c,n ,lso s, , >(6err Dber!, die +echnun% bitteW> congratulations on com"leting
Lesson 1:0" O )ssen

+evie# 1:01
Vocabulary
I We ?ou ?ou ,ll He She It 9he5 Ha>e Ich Wir 0u Sie ".or%al$ Ihr Sie ".or%al$ /r Sie /s Sie Habe "@st 3erson, Singular$ Hast "And 3erson, Singular$ Haben "@st B Crd 3erson, 3lural$ Habt "And 3erson, 3lural$
,% ,re Is Hello!
&in &ist "@st 3erson, Singular$ Sind "@st B Crd 3erson, 3lural$ Seid "And 3erson, 3lural$ Ist
Hallo! Ser>us! "used in &a>aria and ,ustria$ Moin! or Moin Moin! "used in northern Ger%an5$ Gr+ezi! "used in S itzerland$ Good %orning! Guten Morgen! or Morgen! Good da5! Guten 9ag! or 9ag! Good e>ening! Guten ,bend! or )',bend! Gr+* Gott! "used in southern Ger%an5, ,ustria and South 95rol$ Goodb5e! ,u. Wiedersehen! or Wiedersehen &5e! 9sch+ss! or 9schau! Ser>us! "used in &a>aria, ,ustria$ Dater! &is s-#ter! or &is dann! Good night! Gute )acht! Good Su-er! Great! 1er5 good! &ad Miserable Gut S-itze! 3ri%a! Sehr gut! Schlecht Miserabel
Who What Where When Wh5 Ho &o5 Girl Man Wo%an &o5s Girls Men Wo%en S ort%s& Interests Soccer ES, Football 1olle5ball &as(etball 9ennis &aseball F2-in &o ling 4hess &oard Ga%e Ga%e Ho%e or( 9ele>ision Mo>ie ,nd &ut 6r 9o 9o 9o 9o 9o 9o 9o 9o 9o 9o 9o Ha>e &e &e 4alled 3la5 0oGMa(e 7ead Watch See Wor( Write S i%
Wer Was Wo Wann Waru% Wie 0er 0as 0er 0ie 0ie 0ie 0ie 0ie !unge M#dchen Herr Frau !ungen M#dchen M#nner Frauen
S ort Hobb5s Fu*ball Football 1olle5ball &as(etball 9ennis &aseball =egeln Schach 0as &retts-iel 0as S-iel Hausau.gaben Fernsehen 0er Fil%, Fil%e End ,ber 6der Haben Sein Hei*en S-ielen Machen Desen Schauen Sehen ,rbeiten Schreiben Sch i%%en
6ne 9 o 9hree Four Fi>e SiH Se>en /ight )ine 9en /le>en 9 el>e 9hirteen Fourteen Fi.teen SiHteen Se>enteen /ighteen )ineteen 9 ent5 9hirt5 Fort5 Fi.t5 SiHt5 Se>ent5 /ight5 )inet5 Hundred 9housand )oon Midnight ,.ter 9ill Iuarter Hal. &e.ore Iuarter &e.ore 0a5 9oda5 9o%orro ?esterda5 /arl5 Morning Morning ,.ternoon />ening )ight Monda5 9uesda5 Wednesda5 9hursda5 Frida5 Saturda5 Sunda5
/ins 8 ei 0rei 1ier F+n. Sechs Sieben ,cht )eun 8ehn /l. 8 l. 0reizehn 1ierzehn F+n.zehn Sechzehn Siebzehn ,chtzehn )eunzehn 8 anzig 0rei*ig 1ierzig F+n.zig Sechzig Siebzig ,chtzig )eunzig Hundert 9ausend Mittag Mitternacht )ach 1or 1iertel Halb 0rei>iertel "used in eastern Ger%an5$ 9ag Heute Morgen Gestern Morgen "use %orgen .r+h .or to%%orro 1or%ittag )ach%ittag ,bend )acht Montag 0ienstag Mitt och 0onnerstag Freitag Sa%stag or Sonnabend Sonntag
%orning$
!anuar5 Februar5 March ,-ril Ma5 !une !ul5 ,ugust Se-te%ber 6ctober )o>e%ber 0ece%ber S-ring Su%%er ,utu%n Winter 9i%e Free 9i%e ,l a5s 6.ten So%eti%es Seldo% )e>er 6nl5 Me Es ?ou ?ou ,ll Hi% Her It 9he%
!anuar !#nner "used in ,ustria$ Februar M#rz ,-ril Mai !uni !uno "in s-o(en ord onl5$ !uli !ulei "in s-o(en ord onl5$ ,ugust Se-te%ber 6(tober )o>e%ber 0eze%ber Fr+hling So%%er Herbst Winter 0ie 8eit 0ie Freizeit I%%er 6.t Manch%al Selten )ie )ur Mich Ens 0ich /uch Ihn Sie /s Sie
( etizers Salad &read &readstic( Main 0ishes Sausage Sausages &rat urst Hot 0og 3izza 3izzas Ha%burger Ha%burgers With Without 9o%atoes Dettuce 4heese 3ic(les 6nions =etchuMustard 4hic(en 4hic(ens Sea.ood Fish Sides SouSou-s )oodle SouFrench Fries Fries 3asta 3otato 3otatoes 4orn &ean &eans 0esserts G<teau Strudel ,--le strudel 4a(e 3iece o. 4a(e 3ie 3iece o. 3ie ,--le 3ie Ice 4rea% 3udding 4oo(ie 4oo(ies Fruit 9he Meal Dunch 0inner Hunger 9hirst
-ors eisen 0er Salat 0as &rot 0ie Scheibe &rot Hau-tgerichte 0ie Wurst 0ie W+rste 0ie &rat urst 0as Hot 0og 0ie 3izza 0ie 3izzen 0er Ha%burger 0ie Ha%burger Mit "ignore article$ 6hne "ignore article$ 9o%aten 0er Salat 0er =#se 0ie Ge +rzgur(en 0ie 8 iebeln 0er =etchu0er Sen. 0as H#hnchen 0ie H#hnchen 0ie Meeres.r+chte "-lural$ 0er Fisch 0ie &eilage "singular$, die &eilagen "-lural$ 0ie Su--e 0ie Su--en 0ie )udelsu--e 0ie 3o%%es .rites "-lural$ 0ie Fritten "In.or%al and -lural$ 0ie 3asta or 0ie )udeln 0ie =arto..el 0ie =arto..eln Mais 0ie &ohne 0ie &ohnen )achs-eisen 0ie "Sahne2$9orte 0er Strudel ,-.elstrudel 0er =uchen 0as St+c( =uchen 0ie 3astete 0as St+c( 3astete 0ie ,-.el-astete 0as /is 0er 3udding 0er =e(s 0ie =e(se 0as 6bst 0as /ssen Mittagessen ,bendessen 0er Hunger 0er 0urst
9o /at 9o 0rin( 9o 7ecei>e 9o Want Would Di(e 0an(e &itte 0an(eschn 0an(e sehr =ein 3roble%! 4hinese Food !a-anese Food ,%erican Food MeHican Food ,rabic Food Italian Food Indian Food French Food Gree( Food 0urch F+r Gegen 6hne E% 0elicious 9ast5 !uic5 4runch5 4ris-5 S-ic5 Stale Salt5 S eet &itter Sour 4rea%5 Hot &urnt 4old 0isgusting 9o 3a5 9he &ill Waiter
/ssen 9rin(en &e(o%%en Wollen Mchten 9han( 5ou 3lease B ?ou're Welco%e 9han( 5ou >er5 %uch 9han(s a lot )o -roble% 4hinesisch /ssen !a-anisch /ssen ,%eri(anisch /ssen MeHi(anisch /ssen ,rabisch /ssen Italienisch /ssen Indisch /ssen Franzsich /ssen Griechisch /ssen 9hrough For ,gainst Without ,t, ,round Dec(er Sch%ac(ha.t Sa.tig =nac(ig =nus-rig W+rzig Fade Fad "used in ,ustria$ Salzig S+* &itter Sauer 4re%ig Hei* ,ngebrannt =alt Schrec(lich 8ahlen 0ie 7echnung 0er 6ber
Wie :ei)t 5u*

:ello and Goodbyes
Air h,ben 6,llos und Aiedersehens: IRnnen ;ie sich erinnernP (?erichtW!
Dominative #ase
Air h,ben ,uch den 2omin,tiv: IRnnen ;ie sich ,n ihn erinnernP (?erichtW!
Dames
Air h,ben d,s Eerb heiVen: )rinnern ;ie sichP (?erichtW!
Verbs
Air h,ben 7#ei ,nderen Eerben kon@u%iert: IRnnen ;ie sich ,n sie erinnernP (?erichtW!
Articles
Air h,ben die .rtikel (Cr 2omin,tiv %eh,bt: IRnnen ;ie sich ,n sie erinnernP (?erichtW!
,rei-eit
/egulars Verbs
Air h,ben die re%elm/Vi%en Eerbenden: IRnnen ;ie sich ,n sie erinnernP (?erichtW!
Likes C 5islikes
Air h,ben $e(,llen ,us7udrCcken %eh,bt: IRnnen ;ie sich d,r,n erinnernP (?erichtW!
Dumbers
Air h,ben die ',hlen %elernen: IRnnen ;ie sich ,n sie erinnernP (?erichtW!
Time
Air h,ben schon 'eit-ARrter %elernt: IRnnen ;ie sich ,n diese erinnernP (?erichtW!
Essen
Accusative #ase
Air h,tten schon den .kkus,tiv-F,ll: IRnnen ;ie sich ,n ihn erinnernP (?erichtW!
Bodal Verbs
Air h,ben die mod,len Eerben: IRnnen ;ie sich ,n sie erinnernP (?erichtW!
1einPWords
Air h,ben ,,Iein geha&t1 K<nnen Sie sich daran erinnern7 (?erichtW!
ThisG EveryoneG and Which

Air h,ben, 4ieser, Heder, und, Aelcher %eh,bt:: IRnnen ;ie sich erinnernP (?erichtW! congratulations on com"leting
+evie# 1:01
Section 012H 3 Berlin' erman,
Lesson 1:04 O Ileidun%

live version discussion :ello from Eerlin; exercises In ever Lesson (rom 4 - 1* there is %oin% to be , (e,tured $erm,n-;pe,kin% cit , test #hich be the theme o( the lesson: For 4 - 1 it is ?erlin: <here #ill be (,mous test ,ns#ers loc,tions in ?erlin, like (or this lession itJs Iur(Crstend,mm ,nd I,4eAe, the shoppin% ,re, o( ?erlin: .lso in e,ch lesson there #ill be (,cts, so i( ou ever tr,vel edit lesson comment to , $erm,n-;pe,kin% countr itJll be like ou ,re , n,tiveW report ,n error ,sk , =uestion
,acts
It@s Time to #hange Time Loc,l time is 1 hours ,he,d o( ):;:<: I( itJs *800pm in 2e# Lork Fit , itJs -800pm loc,ll : 5le,se note th,t $erm,n ch,n%es to ,nd (rom d, li%ht-s,vin% time , (e# #eeks be(ore the 3:;:, so time di((erences still v,r in N,rch ,nd Dctober: TipG TipG and Tip !ome Bore <ippin%: . service ch,r%e is ,l#, s included on rest,ur,nt checks, but it is usu,l ,nd polite to round up the ,mount: For , cup o( co((ee costin% ,bout *:00 )3+, ou #ould round up to *:00 )3+: .t , rest,ur,nt, ou should %ive , tip o( ,t le,st (ive percent: $ivin% no tip ,t ,ll is considered extremel rude: <ip #hen p, in%, donJt le,ve mone on the t,ble: <ip the h,t check or co,t check ,ttend,nt: .dd ,bout * )uros to t,xi (,res: <ippin% is very import,nt: !hopping Locations <here ,re t#o m,@or shoppin% loc,tions: <he (ur')rstendamm in the old #est is lined #ith bouti=ues ,nd dep,rtment stores: It continues e,st#,rds (or ,bout three hundred ,rds #here ou c,n visit (a%eWe, the bi%%est dep,rtment store in )urope: Dn the ne#l -developed *riedrichstra+e in the old e,st, the (,mous French store $,lleries L,(, ette is to be (ound to%ether #ith , m,7e o( under%round shoppin% m,lls: ;hops ,re %ener,ll open 9,m--8"0pm Nond, throu%h Frid, ,nd 9,m-4pm on ;,turd, s
5ialog
German 5ialogue ' 1leidung Going !hopping ' Gehendes Einkaufen $uten Nor%en, N,ri,: Nor%en: Aie %ehtJsP Nir %ehtJs %ut: Ich %ehe 7um Iur(Crstend,mm, mRchten ;ie mit mir kommenP H,, %erne: Ich hole vorher noch $eld: Ich sehe ;ie d,nn ,m Iur(Crstend,mm: am (ur')rstendamm 6,llo N,ri,W 6,lloW Aohin %ehen #ir ,ls erstesP L,ssen ;ie uns 7u dieser ?outi=ue %ehen: D:I: in der Bouti,ue 6,llo meine 4,menW 6,llo, %uten <,%: ?enRti%t ihr 6il(eP H,, IRnnen ;ie mir hel(en, diesen +ock in meiner $rRVe 7u (indenP 2,tCrlich: 6ier ist der +ock in Ihrer $rRVe: 4,nke: Ao ist die 3mkleidek,bineP 4ort:
:elga Baria :elga Baria :elga :elga Baria :elga Baria :elga Angestellter Thomas Baria und :egla Angestellter Thomas Baria Angestellter Thomas Angestellter Thomas Baria Angestellter Thomas
!hopping
!hopping
<heir is , lot to shoppin%, pl,ces to shop, mone , items to bu : In this lesson #e #ill cover most o( it: <here ,re t#o bi% shoppin% loc,tions in ?erlin the ,re Iur(Crstend,mm ,nd I,4eAe:
German Vocabulary ' 1leidung !hopping ' Einkaufen English German ?,b #e,r 4ie ?,b ,rtikel (plur,l! FhildrenJs Ae,r 4ie Iinderbekleidun% Fle,r,nce ;,le 4er +/umun%sverk,u( Flosed $eschlossen Flothin% 4ie Ileidun% Fomputer 4er Fomputershop ;ection Fosmetics 4ie Iosmetik Fustomer 4er Iunde Fustomer ;ervice 4er Iundendienst )lectric,l 4,s )lektro%er/t .ppli,nce )sc,l,tor 4ie +olltreppe F,shion 4ie Node Furniture 4,s NRbel (no plur,l! $i(t 4er $eschenk,rtikel $ood E,lue (.d@:! 5reis#ert $roceries 4ie Lebensmittel (plur,l! He#eler 4,menschuhe (plur,l! Le,ther $oods 4ie Leder#,ren (plur,l! Dpen $eR((net Dpenin% 6ours 4ie Y((nun%s7eiten (plur,l! 5resent 4,s $eschenk +educed +edu7iert ;,les +eceipt 4er I,ssenbon ;ouvenir 4,s .ndenken ;peci,l D((er 4,s ;onder,n%ebot ;ports $oods ;port,rtikel (plur,l! ;t,tioner ;chreib#,ren (plur,l! ;ummer ;,le 4er ;ommerschlussverk,u( (,bbr: ;;E! Eideo ;tore 4ie Eideothek Ainter ;,le 4er Ainterschlussverk,u( (,bbr: A;E!
1urfArstendamm -auentzienstra6e Fasanenstra6e <#o Iur(Crstend,mm h,s m,n bouti=ues, dep,rtment stores, ect: Ahich ,re in <,uent7ienstr,Ve ,nd F,s,nenstr,Ve, t#o streets in Iur(Crstend,mm: <,uent7ienstr,Ve h,s , lot o( the dep,rtment stores, includin% I,4eAe, #hich #e #ill %et into %re,ter det,il l,ter: ,nd F,s,nenstr,Ve h,s , lot o( the bouti=ues: German Vocabulary ' 1leidung 1u@damm ' 1urfArstendamm English German 4ep,rtment ;tore A,renh,us +et,il ;tore )in7elh,ndels%esch/(t <he N,ll )ink,u(s7entrum ?outi=ue ?outi=ue ;tore $esch/(t .nd some o( the thin% to mi%ht s, or ,sk #hile in , Flothin% store:::
K<nnen Sie mir hel/en' meine r<6e zu /inden @/*r dieses IIIIA7 F,n ou help me (ind m si7e ((or this ____!P
Wo ist die =m$leide$a&ine7 Ahere is the dressin% roomP
German Vocabulary ' 1leidung 1u@damm ' 1urfArstendamm English German N,n,%er N,n,%er )mplo ee .n%estellter ;,les Flerk Eerk/u(er F,shier I,ssierer 4ressin% +oom 3mkleidek,bine NenJs ;ection N/nner,bteilun% AomenJs ;ection Fr,uen,bteilun%
1a5eWe .nd ,nother shoppin% loc,tion is I,4eAe, , upsc,le dep,rtment store in $erm,n : It h,s six (loors, ,nd Is ,lso c,lled ><he dep,rtment store o( the #est> (I,u(h,us des Aestens! bec,use it is the l,r%est ,nd most m,%ni(icent dep,rtment store on continent,l )urope: German Vocabulary ' 1leidung 1a5eWe ' 1aufhaus des Westens English German ,irst ,loor Erstes !tock erk Nens#e,r N/nnerkleidun% !econd ,loor 9 eiter !tock Aomens#e,r Fr,uenkleidun% Third ,loor 5ritte !tock Iids ;ection Iinder,bteilun% ,ourth ,loor Vierter !tock )lectronics )lektronik Iitchen#,re ICchenbed,r( ,ifth ,loor ,Anfter !tock Li%htin% ?eleuchtun% ?eddin% ?ett#/sche <o s ;piel#,ren !i< ,loor !echster !tock Food Lebensmittel ;ince ,re h,ve most o( the %ener,l shoppin% ph,ses ,nd voc,ul,r do#n, #e ,re %oin% to %et more det,il:
Electronics
First is electronics, it mi%ht seem , little b,re, but electronics ,nd m,n other stu(( #ill be (e,tured in Lesson 1*: German Vocabulary ' 1leidung 1a5eWe ' 1aufhaus des Westens English German )lectronics )lektronik <elevision Fernsehen 4i%it,l F,mer, 4i%it,lk,mer, <elephone <ele(on Fell phone Nobiltele(on, 6,nd Fomputer Fomputer, +echner ;pe,kers L,utsprecher 4E4s 4E4 F4s F4 4E4 5l, er 4E4-5l, er F4 5l, er F4-5l, er 2otice th,t computer is , ,bbrevi,tion o( 5erson,l Fomputer: .nd some phr,ses ou c,n ,sk the emplo ee: S"ielt der DVD;4la,er auch .D7 4oes the 4E4 pl, er ,lso pl, F4sP Hat das Mo&iltele/on eine Digital$amera7 4oes the cell phone h,ve , di%it,l c,mer,P I( ou look ,t the #ord order o( this sentence, ou #ill see ouJve ,lre,d le,rned ever thin% it those to sentence, ,nd ou, oursel( c,n customi7e these sentences i( ou #,nt:
Eedding
.nd es beddin% #ill ,lso be =uite b,re ,s #ell, but th,t is bec,use beddin% isnJt th,t bi%, but beds #e #ill discuss in Lesson 1*: German Vocabulary ' 1leidung 1a5eWe ' 1aufhaus des Westens English German ?eddin% ?ett#/sche ?l,nkets 4ecken 5illo# Iop(kissen 5illo# F,se Iop(kissenbe7C%e ;heets ?l/tter ?ed ;kirt ?ett-+ock .nd like ,l#, s here ,re some o( the thin%s ou mi%ht s, th,t ,re rel,ted to beddin%:
4assen die Ko"/$issen&ez*ge au/ das Ko"/$issen7 4oes the pillo# c,se (it the pillo#P
.nd #ith th,t =uestion there ,re other v,ri,tions o( it ou c,n ,sk, like:::
4asst die Dec$e au/ das Bett7 4oes the bl,nket (it the bedP
Boney
$erm,n , .ustri,, Luxembur%, ?el%ium ,nd ;Cdtirol a in other #ords8 ,ll $erm,n spe,kin% re%ions except ;#it7erl,nd ,nd Liechtensteina h,ve %iven up their (ormer currencies ,nd ,dopted the )uro ,s o( 1999: ?ec,use the ,re not members o( the )urope,n 3nion, ;#it7erl,nd ,nd Liechtenstein h,ve kept the ;#iss Fr,ncs: Furrentl 1 )3+ is 0:-* 3;4, so the )uro is stron%er: 2o# i( ou #ere ,t , shoppin% center in $erm,n like Iur(Crstend,mm, ,nd ou #ere shoppin% ,t , bouti=ue here is some voc,bul,r ou mi%ht #,nt to kno#:
Was macht das7 6o# much does it costP
Der Hemd $ostet 0H2 %uro1 <he shirt cost 1*0 euros:
Das $ostet JK2 %uro1 <he tot,l is 190 euros:
German Vocabulary ' 1leidung Boney ' Geld English German 5rice 5reis 2ote 4er ;chein Foin 4ie NCn7e 1 )uro Foin 4,s )urostCck * )uro Foin 4,s '#eieurostCck 0 )uro 2ote 4er FCn(euroschein 10 )uro Foin 4er 'ehneuroschein 100 )uro Foin 4er 6underteuroschein Dote8 <he #ord coin (NCn7e! turns to ;tCck #hen , #ord or number is put to%ether #ith it: )ven thou%h in the voc,bul,r #e list the 1, *, 0, 10, 100 )uro there ,re more )uro 2otes: <he t#ent , (i(t , ,nd t#o hundred )uro 2otes ,re the ones #e didnJt list, ,lso there ,re cent coins: German Vocabulary ' 1leidung Boney ' Geld English German 1 Fent Foin 4,s FentstCck * Fent Foin 4,s '#eicentstCck 0 Fent Foin 4,s FCn(centstCck 10 Fent Foin 4,s 'ehncentstCck *0 Fent Foin 4,s '#,n7i%centstCck 00 Fent Foin 4,s FCn(centstCck German Bath In #ritten $erm,n, , comm, is used in prices #here #e #ould put , decim,l point in )n%lish: <hus c 0,49 (or 0,49 c! me,ns /i)e euros and /ourt,;nine cents: In shops ,nd superm,rkets ho#ever, prices c,n either be displ, ed b , comm, or , decim,l point: Ahen , price ends in , round number o( euros, it is most commonl #ritten ,s c 0,- etc: <he reverse is ,lso true: Ahere ,s )n%lish uses , comm, to split up l,r%e numbers, $erm,n uses , decim,l point: ;o >c 1:940> me,ns si$ thousand nine hundred and 'ort!-'i.e euros - not si? "oint nine /our /i)e euros1
#lothing
German Vocabulary ' 1leidung #lothes ' 1leidung English German ;kirt 4er +ock 5ullover 4er 5ullover ;c,r( 4,s <uch Fo,t 4er N,ntel ;hirt 4,s 6emd ;#e,ter 4er 5ullover 2ecktie 4er ;chlips H,cket 4ie H,cke 5,nts 4ie 6ose 6,t 4er 6ut ;hoe 4er ;chuh ;ock 4ie ;ocke $love 4er 6,ndschuh ?louse 4ie ?luse German Vocabulary ' 1leidung #lothes ' 1leidung English German ;i7e 4ie $rRVe Folor 4ie F,rbe Fotton 4ie ?,um#olle Le,ther 4,s Leder +, on 4ie Iuntseide German Vocabulary ' 1leidung !i-es ' 5ie GrN)en English German ;m,ll Ilein Nedium Nittel L,r%e $roV )xtr,-L,r%e )xtr,%roV Dote8 I( the shirt ou bou%ht #,s si7e medium it #ould be , r<sse /ittelhemd1
5escribing #lothes 6ere ,re some o( the #ords ou c,n use #hen our describin% them:::
4hea/H-ensi>e 3rett5 Egl5 So.t )e &road Wide 9ight 4o%.ortable Billig Teuer Schn Hsslich Weich Neu Breit Weit Eng Bequem
<o s, I( like somethin% or not, (or clothin%, itJs::: I like itW %rCSieC%s ge/#llt mir5 I donJt like itW %rCSieC%s ge/#llt mir nicht5 2o# i( ou tr somethin% on ou or our lookin% (or , so(t shirt #ith , ti%ht (it, ou (ind it, (eel, tr it on, but itJs (,irl expensive ou mi%ht s, this::: In English8 -he shirt loo$s great5 -he shirt /eels so/t' /its tight1 -he shirt is )er, com/orta&le1 How much does it cost7 +h no5 -he shirt is e?"ensi)e5 Wow' LL euros thatFs a little too much1 In German8 Das Hemd sieht "rima aus5 Das Hemd /*hlt sich weich an' es sitzt eng1 Das Hemd ist sehr &eEuem1 Wie)iel $ostet es7 Mist5 Das Hemd ist zu teuer5 LL %uro ist zu)iel1 <he ph,ses to describe the shirt #ere::: <he shirt looks %re,t: Das Hemd sieht "rima aus0 <he shirt (eels so(t: Das Hemd ')hlt sich weich1 <he shirt (its ti%ht: Der Hemd sitzt eng1 2o#, the bold #ords ,re verbs th,t ,re one p,rt in describin% ho# the shirt is: <he other h,l( o( describin% it is the ,d@ectives like so(t, ti%ht, %re,t, ect: .nd ,s ou c,n see the verb looks is sep,r,ble, but #e #ill %et into th,t l,ter: #lothingP/elated Verbs .nd no# %ettin% into verbs here ,re some o( the verbs, ,n ,lso some o( these ,re ;ep,r,ble-5re(ix Eerbs, like ,ussehen, ,nprobieren, ,nd ,nh,ben: ?ut #e #ill stud those in more det,il l,ter: .lso #e #ill be le,rnin% ,bout tr,%en:
9o He 9o He 9o He 9o 9o 9o He
loo( loo(s tr5 on tries on -ut on -uts on ta(e bu5 ha>e onG ear has onG ears
:,ussehen: :/r sieht aus: :,n-robieren: :/r -robiert an: :,nziehen: :/r zieht an: :)eh%en: :=au.en: :,nhaben: or :tragen: :/r hat an:
!eparable Prefi< Verbs

N,n $erm,n verbs ch,n%e their me,nin% b ,ddin% pre(ixs, #hich ,re o(ten preposition such ,s abPG anPG aufPG ausPG beiPG einPG mitPG vorPG or -uP:<he verbs anha&en (to #e,r! ,nd aussehen (to look! ,re both verbs #ith separable (trennbar! pre(ixes: <h,t is, #hen used next to the sub@ect pronoun, the pre(ix is sep,r,ted (rom the verb ,nd put ,t the end o( the sentence or cl,use: Dr, better put, In the present tense ,nd imper,tive, the pre(ix is sep,r,ted (rom the in(initive stem: )x,mples8 :9ch ha&e einen Mantel an1: (>IJm #e,rin% , co,t:> Dr, more liter,ll tr,nsl,ted, >I h,ve , co,t on:>! :Was hast du an7: (>Ah,t ,re ou #e,rin%P> or >Ah,t do ou h,ve onP>! 6o#ever, #hen the sep,r,ble-pre(ix verb is put ,t the end o( the sentence, such ,s #hen used #ith , mod,l verb, the verb in =uestion ,nd its pre(ix ,re not sep,r,ted: )x,mples8 :Du willst einen Mantel anha&en1: (>Lou #,nt to #e,r , co,t:>! :Willst du eine Bluse anha&en7: (>4o ou #,nt to #e,r , blouseP>!
Tragen
Inste,d o( :anha&en: the verb :tragen: is o(ten used: <he sentences (rom ,bove #ould then be8 :9ch trage einen Mantel1: (>IJm #e,rin% , co,t:> ! :Was tr#gst du7: (>Ah,t ,re ou #e,rin%P>! :Du willst einen Mantel tragen1: (>Lou #,nt to #e,r , co,t:>! :Willst du eine Bluse tragen7: (>4o ou #,nt to #e,r , blouseP>! <he verb :tragen: h,s t#o me,nin%s8 >to #e,r> ,nd >to c,rr >: ;o i( someone s, s :9ch trage Schuhe: onl the context #ill tell ou #hether the person is c,rr in% the shoes in his h,nds or ,ctu,ll #e,rin% them: <r,%en is , di((erent kind o( verb, ,n irre%ul,r verb, not onl does it ch,n%e in the endin%, but it ch,n%es in the be%innin% this ,lso h,ppens in the s,me #, to fahrenG grabenG schaffenG ,nd aschen% ?ut, heres the thin% ,t the be%innin% onl the a ch,n%e into J, ,nd like this onl h,ppens to some verbs:
6ere is the t,ble (or tr,%en8
5erson $st +nd .rd
;in%ul,r ich du trage tr#gst
5lur,l #ir tragen ihr tragt sie tragen
er9sie9es tr#gt
#olors
Folor ,re ,lso ,nother %re,t #, to describe clothes like Das rote Hemd "asst gut1#hich me,ns <he red shirt (its #ell: +e,d the (ollo#in% p,r,%r,ph, tr to (ind the #ords described to h,ve , color: Wir /ahren in den Schwarzwald1 9ch ha&e ein gr*nes Hemd getragen1 Die Geise war lang1 %s &egann $#lter zu werden und a&zu$*hlen1 9ch h<rte Musi$ au/ meinem &raunen i4od1 9ch &in schlie6lich eingeschla/en1 Als ich au/wachte' sah ich den &lauen Himmel und den wei6en Schnee1 I( ou (ound 0 #ords ou ,re ri%ht: !ch ar- hich means black =the !ch ar- ald =Elack ,orest? is a ooded mountain range? GrAnes :emd hich is a green shirt% Erauner iPod hich is a bro n iPod% Elauer :immel hich is blue sky% And ei)er !chnee hich is hite sno % .nd no# (or the ,ctu,l colors:::
7ed &lue Green 6range 1iolet ?ello &ro n Indigo Gra5 &lac( White :7ot: :&lau: :Gr+n: :6range: :1eilchen: :Gelb: :&raun: :Indigo: :Grau: :Sch arz: :Wei*:
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Lesson 1:04 O Ileidun%

Lesson 1:00 O Eolk und F,milie

live version discussion :ello from Eerlin; exercises test ,acts test ,ns#ers edit lesson comment Eanks and Boney report ,n error $erm,n Js m,in b,nks ,re 4eutsche ?,nk, 4resdner ?,nk ,nd Fommer7b,nk: <he ,sk , =uestion 4eutsche ?,nk is the b,nk o( issue ,nd h,s its he,d=u,rters in Fr,nk(urt: <here ,re m,n b,nks o( ,ll kinds throu%hout the countr : ?,nks ,re open Non-Fri 9,m1*pm or *8"0-4pm: Dn <hursd, s, the ,re open until 08"0 or 1pm: Fh,n%in% mone is best done ,t , b,nk bec,use their r,tes #ill be better th,n exch,n%e services loc,ted ,t ?ure,u de Fh,n%e: N,@or post o((ice br,nches ,nd tr,vel ,%ents ,lso o((er currenc exch,n%e: $erm,n is one o( 1* )urope,n countries th,t h,ve repl,ced their n,tion,l currencies #ith the )uro, #hich is much stron%er to the 3:;: 4oll,r, but #e,ker th,n the ?ritish 5ound:
5ialog
Vater' Mutter und die eschwister &e$ommen Besuch )on +ma und +"a1
-ater Karl: Hallo Mutter und 1ater! Wie geht es euch? , a .udol": 0an(e, %ein Sohn. /s geht uns gut. ,ma Lieschen: )a %ein /n(el, du bist 'a richtig gro* ge orden! Sohn Thomas: !a, 6%a Dieschen, ich ei*. Tochter !arie: 6%a! Hast du uns et as %itgebracht? !utter Bettina: )un sei nicht so au.geregt Marie, lass 6%a und 6-a erst ein%al herein(o%%en. "kurze Zeit spter, die Geschenke wurden sch n !usgep!ckt"""$ Tochter !arie: Mutti! 9ho%as ni%%t %ir i%%er %eine 3u--e eg. !utter Bettina: 9ho%as! 0u sollst deiner Sch ester ihre 3u--e nicht Sohn Thomas: )ein, das ist %eine 3u--e. !utter Bettina: )ein. 0ie 3u--e gehrt deiner Sch ester. Sohn Thomas: !a 6=, hier hast du die 3u--e... !utter Bettina: End bedan(e dich bei deinen Gro*eltern, Marie.
egneh%en.
People
The ,amily
6ome is #here the he,rt is, the s, : .nd #h,t is in the homeP F,mil W o( course, so this is , ver import,nt section o( the lesson: ItJll %ive ,ll voc,bul,r (or the (,mil , ,nd l,ter in , di((erent section, ouJll le,rn ho# to describe our brothers ,nd sisters or ,n personW .nd no# to %et st,rted lets do some voc,bul,r :::
Sohn 9ochter 1ater Mutter Gro*>ater Gro*%utter 6-a 6%a Sch ester &ruder Gesch ister /n(el /n(elin Frau Mann Sch ieger>ater Sch iegertochter Sch ager Sch #gerin Sch ieger%utter Sch iegersohn 6n(el 9ante Mutti Ma%a 3a-a U \ In(orm,l verison o( the #ord Son 0aughter Father Mother Grand.ather Grand%other Grand-a Grand%a Sister &rother &rothers B Sisters Grandson Granddaughter Wi.e Husband Father2in2Da 0augther2in2Da &rother2in2la Sister2in2la Mother2in2la Son2in2la Encle ,unt JMutter JMutter J1ater
2o# even thou%h m,n o( these ,re common phr,ses ou ,nd me #ould s, in ever d, live, some o( these ,re r,ther used #hen ou ,re on , visit to %r,ndmotherJs, or thin%s our mother #ould s, : N, be ou notice some o( these in the di,lo%ue: 2o# ou mi%ht be ,skin% >6o# ,m I %oin% to spe,k (luent $erm,n, i( I @ust le,rn phr,sesP> Like I s,id, these ,re b,sic,ll (rom the di,lo%ue, ,nd ou c,n stud these to look ,t the #ord order: .lso cert,in thin%s ,re @ust di((ernt in $erm,n, like >Aie heiVt duP> #hich tr,nsl,tes liter,ll to >6o# ,re ou c,lledP> #hen #e use >Ah,t is our n,meP>: Dk, let %et st,rted on these common phr,ses::: 5u bist Fa richtig gro) ge orden Bou ha)e grown u" so much @usual sentence used &, +"a und +maA :ast du uns et as mitgebracht* Ha)e ,ou &rought something /or us7 Dun sei nicht so aufgeregt% Now donFt &e so e?cited1 Qemanden hereinkommen lassen% !et some&od, come in1 =!ie? Wurden schon ausgepackt% @-he,A Ha)e alread, &een o"ened1 =!ich? Eedanken fAr et as% -o than$ /or something1 Msing ,ormal and Informal Pronouns in the ,amily ;ome ver conserv,tive (,milies mi%ht still use !ie #ith %r,ndp,rents or even p,rentsW <his is sometimes pr,cticed in (,milies o( nobilit or exterritori,l cultur,l isl,nds in #hich older $erm,n customs h,ve survived: 6o#ever, usin% >;ie> (eels ver outd,ted to the v,st m,@orit o( people: In pr,ctic,ll ever (,mil ,ll members use du #ith e,ch other:
5escribing People
I c,nJt describe in #ords ho# import,nt this section o( the lesson is: )ven thou%h ou h,ve ,lre,d le,rned to describe to some de%ree, here #e #ill introduce , ne# ,spect o( describin%, ,nd #e #ill revie#: ?ut ho# could #e describe i( #e didnJt h,ve voc,bul,r P 6ere it is:::
)ice Mean 3rett5 Egl5 Intelligent Enintelligent Interesting &oring ,cti>e Daz5 Funn5 Serious Strong Wea( 6dd 9alented Entalented &oss5 3assi>e 6ld ?oung Fat S(inn5 9all Short )ett En.reundlich Schn H#*lich Intelligent, 0en(.#hig Enintelligent, 0u%% Interessant Dang eilig 7+hrig Faul =o%isch /rnstha.t =r#.tig Sch ach /igenartig &egabt Enbegabt 7echthaberisch Ent#tig ,lt !ung Fett 0+nn Gro* =lein
<he verb used most o(ten (or describin% is >to &e> #hich #e le,rned in the (irst lesson: ;ome ex,mples ,re8 He is wet' She is stu"id' 9 am laz,: ?ut ou do use other verbs like (eel, looks, ect: <his lesson #e #ill be stickin% mostl #ith the verbs #eJve le,rned in the p,st: Ae #ill, ho#ever, le,rn one ne# verb: .ll sentences #e #ill cre,te #ill be in the nomitive c,se: Dk, , letJs %et st,rtedW In term o( be,ut , ou c,n s, (our b,sic thin%s: <hese ,renJt ,ll, but these ,re the e,siest ,nd simplest ones:
!he is beautiful% Sie ist sch<n1 :e is ugly% %r ist h#6lich1 <hese t#o use the verb to &e, ,nd the next one #ill use the verb to loo$ #hich #ould need somethin% else in order to m,ke sense: !he looks beautifulG but that shirt is ugly% Sie sieht sch<n aus' a&er dieses Hemd ist h#6lich1 :e looks uglyG but he looked handsome yesterday% %r sieht h#6lich aus' a&er gestern hat er sch<n ausgesehen1 .nd in the l,st sentence it s, s >,us%esehen:> 4onJt #orr ,bout th,t--it #ouldnJt be t,u%ht until Level ": ;o since ou %et the ide, o( describin%, letJs le,rn , ne# verbW .nd the ne# verb is klingen #hich is to sound: .s in >6e sounds #eird:>, >;he sounds borin%:> ;ince #e kno# ho# to describe, #e re,ll donJt h,ve to cover it: ItJs #orks @ust like other verbs: :e sounds nice% %r $lingt nett1 They sound funny% Sie $lingen $omisch1 +emember th,t #hen describin% itJs ;]E]., or sub@ect, verb, then ,d@ective: )x,ctl like in )n%lish: For ri%ht no#, th,tJs ,ll (or describin% thin%s: Ae ,re %oin% to h,ve some sm,ll describin% lessons #ith some p,rts o( this lesson:
/elated Verbs
Dk, #e @ust #ent over the verb in the previous section: <his #ill b,sic,ll be , list th,t #ill help ou memori7e them better, ,nd there is not , lot: Dther then >klingen> ,nd >fAhlen> ou should kno# ,ll o( these: <he the >)r sieht ,us> is to sho# ou it is , sep,r,ble-pre(ix verb:
Sein ,ussehen /r sieht aus F+hlen =lingen 9o 9o He 9o 9o &e Doo( Doo(s Feel Sound
Dationality
<his ,lso , l,r%e section o( this lesson, n,tion,lit , it is ver import,nt: Lou c,n use it ,s , stereot pe, or (or our herit,%e: <here ,re m,n n,tion,lities, too m,n to %o over in this lesson, ou #ill more n,tion,lit ,s this level, ,nd book %oes on: +i%ht no# #e ,re @ust %oin% to h,ve , v,%ue little list, ,nd ,s this section %oes there #ill be more, like ! ede and ! edish or ,renchman, ,rench oman, and ,rench: .nd so (or the list::: BaFor Dationalities <his is the sm,ll list, m,ke sure ou memori7e this list ,nd the next one: 5eutscher Amerikaner !panier Italiener ,ran-ose Frenchman 5escribing People ith Dationality It is no surprise ou c,n describe people #ith n,tion,lit , most times, itJs stereot pic,l, like nor#e%i,ns ,re blonde, t,ll, ect: or %erm,ns #e,r lederhosen, drink beer, ,nd pl, polk, ,ll d, lon%, but th,t is @ust not true: 6o#ever ou c,n @ust use it (or #h,t it is, , n,tion,lit : I( ou do describe people b n,tion,lit this #ill help: Dk, , ou should ,lre,d kno# ho# to describe, ri%htP <his p,rt #e #ill %et more in to det,il l,ter, but ri%ht is is ,n import,nt p,rt o( describin% people #ith n,tion,lit , even thou%h in )n%lish #e most times donJt do this, in $erm,n the do: <he di((erence bet#een n,tion,lit ,nd l,n%u,%e, like in )n%lish, ,rench and french: ?ut in %erm,n it is fran-Nsisch and ,ran-oseG ,ran-Nsin: <his ,lso is ho# it #orks (or n,tion,lit describion b noun or ,d@ective, #hich #e ,re %oin% to le,rn ri%ht no#:
Doun or AdFective Dationality
<here ,re t#o #, s to describe someone: Aith , noun-b,sed n,tion,lit #ord or ,n ,d@ective-b,sed n,tion,lit #ord: Nost times in )n%lish, the ,d@ective-b,sed n,tion,lit ,nd the l,n%u,%e o( th,t countr ,s the s,me #ord, but, most o( the time, not in $erm,n: Lou c,n see the di((erence #ith this exm,ple: %?am"leM 9ch &in sch"edisch (I ,m ;#edish! ,nd 9ch s"reche S"edish (I spe,k ;#edish! .lthou%h, sometimes the ,re the s,me, see the ex,mple belo# (or th,t, but most times it like the ex,mple ,bove: %?am"leM 9ch &in 'ranzsisch (I ,m French! ,nd 9ch s"reche 'ranzsisch (I spe,k French!
Age
2o# #e ,re ,ll (,mili,r #ith the #ord >alt1>, #hich me,ns old: .nd in )n%lish, to (ind out somebod Js ,%e #e ,sk >How old are ,ou7>: In $erm,n it is ex,ctl the s,me: .nd ou #ere t,u%ht, in l,tter lessons ,bout verbs ,nd =uestions: Lou mi%ht think it #ould be somethin% like >Wie alt du7> or >Wie &ist du alt7>: <h,t #ould be incorrect bec,use the (irst =uestion doesnJt h,ve , verb, ,nd the second one is incorrect bec,use #hen ,skin% , =uestion it is ok, to h,ve , ,d@ective ,(ter the verb or interro%,tive ,dverb: <his ,ll mi%ht sound con(usin%, but itJs re,ll not: 2o# to ,sk the =uestion #ith 1st person it is::: Wie alt bin ich* P How old am 97 .nd response ou mi%ht %et is::: Ich bin RR Qahre alt% 9 am II ,ears old1 5u bist RR Qahre alt: - Bou are II ,ears old1 .nd no# the plur,l version o( the 1st person::: Wie alt sind ir* P How old are we7 <he responses ou #ill %et is::: Wir sind RR Qahre alt% S We are II ,ears old1 Ihr seid RR Qahre alt% P Bou all are II ,ears old1 <o ,sk this import,nt =uestion in the *nd person: First, #e #ill le,rn the bi%%est =uestion here, >How old are ,ou7> #hich is::: Wie alt bist du* P How old are ,ou7
.nd there is onl one response to this it is::: Ich bin RR Qahre alt% P 9 am II ,ears old1 For the e=u,ll import,nt plur,l *nd person::: Wie alt seid ihr* P How old are ,ou all7 Ahich the response is::: Wir sind RR Qahre alt% P We are II ,ears old1 .nd (orm,l =uestion, (or both sin%ul,r ,nd plur,l is::: Wie alt sind !ie* P How old are ,ou7 How old are ,ou all7 Lou should ,ll re,d %et the p,ttern (or this, but #e ,re %oin% to keep on doin% this doin% this list, i( ou ,renJt sure o( somethin% or ou ,re con(used: ;o (or the "rd person::: Wie alt ist erKsie* P How old is heCshe7 <he responses to this ,re::: Er ist RR Qahre alt% P He is II ,ears old1 !ie ist RR Qahre alt% P She is II ,ears old1 .nd no# the plur,l "rd person o( =uestion ,nd response::: Wie alt sind sie* P How old are the,7 .nd o( course the response::: !ie sind RR Qahre alt% P -he, II ,ears old1
2o# #ith some people ou mi%ht be ,ble to %uess their ,%e, ,nd ou could ,sk them directl ,bout it: <his is usu,ll prett o( rude, but it illustr,tes nicel ho# the phr,se h,s to be ch,n%ed i( ou ,sk , esno-=uestion, so letJs %et st,rted, ,n #, W Eist du RR Qahre alt* P Are ,ou II ,ears old7 Ist erKsie RR Qahre alt* P 9s heCshe II ,ears old7 !ind sie RR Qahre alt* P Are the, II ,ears old7 2ote the inversed order bet#een >Aie ,lt bist duP> und >?ist du __ H,hre ,ltP> <his is ex,ctl the s,me ,s in )n%lishW
Possessives
5erson 1st *nd m our !ingular )n%lish $erm,n mein dein' 9hr our our Plural )n%lish $erm,n unser euer' 9hr
"rd his, she, its sein' ihr' sein their ihr Dote8 J)uerJ is irre%ul,r: Ahen JeuerJ h,s to h,ve , di((erent endin% the e be(ore r is dropped, so it turns into Jeur-J: congratulations on com"leting
Lesson 1:00 O Eolk und F,milie

Lesson 1:01 O ;chule

:ello from Eerlin;
!chool in Germany

;chool is not re%ul,ted n,tion#ide, but b e,ch L,nd $erm,n >Iinder%,rten> is option,l - it tr,nsl,tes r,ther to >pl, school>, >Eorschule> bein% rou%hl the e=uiv,lent to >Iinder%,rten> From the ,%e o( six on, ,ll $erm,ns ,ttend , >$rundschule> (element,r school! (or (our or six e,rs, dependin% on the L,nd: .(ter th,t, the %o to either the >6,uptschule> #hich is industri,ll oriented, the >+e,lschule>, #hich is ::: oriented, the >$ mn,sium>, #hich is ,c,demic,ll oriented, or the >$es,mtschule>, or comprehensive school:
;choolin% is obli%,tor until the ,%e o( 11, but the $ mn,sium diplom, >.bitur> c,n onl be obt,ined ,(ter 1* or 1" e,rs, i:e: ,t ,%e 1- or 19: L,tin ,nd sometimes even ,ncient $reek ,re re%ul,rl t,u%ht ,t the $ mn,sium: For the >.bitur>, ,t le,st t#o (orei%n l,n%u,%es ,s #ell ,s some c,lculus ,nd ,n,l sis cl,sses h,ve to be t,ken: ;chool d, s o(ten ,re (rom --1"h: In most JL/nderJ, onl the older students h,ve ,ddition,l cl,sses bet#een ,bout 14-10:"0h (th,ts - ,:m: - 1 p:m: ,nd * p:m: - ":"0 p:m: B-! In most schools, )xtr,curricul,r .ctivities ,re o((ered, such ,s 4r,m, Flub or ;chool Fhoir, but the ,re less common th,n in the 3:;: <hou%h m,n students (eel some sort o( identi(ic,tion #ith their school, most ,re @ust h,pp #hen the c,n %o home B-! $ener,ll spe,kin%, m,n schools still ,re more (orm,l th,n 3; or F,n,di,n schools: <he m,rkin% s stem uses 1 (ver %ood, -&,0d!, * (%ood &0d!, UU " (s,tis(,ctor , 1*,0d!, 4 (su((icient 00d!: 0 ((,ult ! is (,iled: 1 (not su((icient! is onl used #hen the student liter,ll h,nds in , bl,nk sheet: <hese m,rks c,n be modi(ied #ith , >]> or , >-> to indic,te , tendenc , so e:%: *] is , (,irl %ood m,rk th,t corresponds to ,bout -0d:
5ialog
Sil(e: !etzt haben ir Mathe. 9orsten: 6'e, ich habe +berhau-t (eine Dust... Sil(e: Hast du die ,u.gaben ge%acht? 9orsten: !a, >orhin i% &us. Sil(e: Su-er! =ann ich noch schnell >on dir abschreiben? Dehrer "&etritt den 7au%$: Guten Morgen! =lasse: Guten Morgen! Dehrer: Setzt euch. Dehrer: Wer %chte die ,u.gaben an der 9a.el rechnen? Florian? Florian geht zur 9a.el, schreibt an und liest >or: :K -lus L ist gleich @C: :L %inus K ist gleich C: :C %al L ist gleich AM: :AM geteilt durch @A ist gleich A: Dehrer: Sehr gut, Florian! 0ie Gloc(e l#utet. /s ist F+n.%inuten-ause. Sil(e: Schnell, ir %+ssen in den Musi(rau%! 9orsten: ,u 'a, darau. .reue ich %ich schon! Sil(e: Wei*t du denn, as ir heute %achen? 9orsten: Wir ollten doch heute ein Died >on Grne%e5er singen! Sil(e: ,ch 'a? Welches denn? 9orsten: :,l(ohol:, glaube ich... )ach de% Musi(unterricht: 9orsten: Schau noch %al au. den Stunden-lan! Sil(e: !etzt haben ir nur noch Geschichte... 9orsten: =o%%, ir sch #nzen und gehen ins &istro. Sil(e: Schon ieder!
Mnd !at- fAr !at- %%%

!etzt haben ir Mathe. )o ha>e e %aths.
2ote th,t the re,son (or the inverted >h,ve #e> is th,t in $erm,n, it is o(ten possible to ch,n%e the order o( , phr,se to emph,si7e: ?ut bec,use >Het7t> is in the be%innin%, >#ir h,ben> h,s to be inverted:
6'e, ich habe +berhau-t (eine Dust "dazu$...
>D@e> is , common excl,m,tion, ,nd corresponds to >oh no>: >Lust (7u et#,s! h,ben> me,ns >(eelin% like (it!>: >Ich h,be keine Lust (d,7u!> is >I donJt (eel like (it!>: >Ich h,be *&erhau"t keine Lust> emph,si7es it, me,nin% >I donJt (eel like it ,t ,ll:>
Hast du die ,u.gaben ge%acht? Ha>e 5ou the tas(s done?
>4id ou do our home#orkP>

!a, >orhin i% &us. ?es, be.ore in the bus
<his is , common pr,ctice o( students ever #here in the #orld, I %uess::: >Eorhin> is , common #ord to desi%n,te somethin% th,t lies not (,r in the p,st - , couple o( minutes ,%o (or ex,mple: 2otice the contr,ction o( >im>, #hich is derived (rom >in dem>, >in the>:
Su-er! =ann ich noch schnell >on dir abschreiben? Su-er! 4an I 'ust Nuic(l5 .ro% 5ou co-5?
>;uper>, >Fool>, ><oll>, ,re common excl,m,tions ::: >2och schnell> is here me,nt ,s >#hile there is still time>
Dehrer "&etritt den 7au%$: Guten Morgen! 9eacher "enters the roo%$: Good Morning! =lasse: Guten Morgen! 4lass: Good Morning! Dehrer: Setzt euch. 9eacher: Sit do n.
Les, there ,re still schools, #here it is common (or the students to st,nd up #hen the te,cher enters the room: <his is not , milit,r tr,dition, but is supposed to (ocus the students ,nd h,ve them interrupt #h,tever the #ere doin%, so the ne# cl,ss c,n be%in: <his custom is becomin% less popul,r, thou%h:::
Wer %chte die ,u.gaben an der 9a.el rechnen? Florian? Who ould li(e the tas(s on the blac(board "to$ calculate?
>Aho #ould like to do these =uestions on the bl,ckbo,rdP> 2ote th,t ><,(el> is rel,ted to >t,ble>, me,nin% , (l,t sur(,ce, ,nd indeed $erm,n ><,(el> c,n ,lso desi%n,te , t,ble prep,red (or , (e,st:
4onJt let the #eird order o( the #ords disturb ou, even i( the phr,se seems tot,ll incomprehensible ,t (irst: IJll tr to construct this bit b bit8 <his is the b,sic =uestion ,nd ,ns#er p,ir8
:Wer rechnet?: 2 :Ich rechne.: :Who calculates?: 2 :I calculate.:
<o ,sk, i( ou #,nt to do somethin%, ou use , construction simil,r to )n%lish8

:Wer :Who ill rechnen: 2 :Ich ill rechnen.: ants to calculate: 2 :I ant to calculate.:
2ote th,t the >to> is ,lre,d included in the $erm,n #ord >rechnen>: >+echnen> is cle,rl ,lre,d ,n in(initive, ,nd doesnJt need , >7u> to prove it: <his is one o( the m,in re,sons #h complic,ted con@u%,tions c,n survive, the cont,in in(orm,tion th,t doesnJt h,ve to be expressed other#ise then::: <o be , little more polite (or ,t le,st seem like it, since our te,cher prob,bl #ouldnJt t,ke , no (or ,n ,ns#er B-!
:Wer %chte rechnen?: 2 :Ich %chte rechnen!: :Who ould li(e to calculate?: 2 :I ould li(e to calculate:
<his is ,nother ex,mple (or brevit b con@u%,tion: <he #ord >mRchte> cont,ins the >#ould>, ,s it is , >Ion@unktiv>-(orm o( the #ord >mR%en> #hich tr,nsl,tes to >like>: 4onJt be discour,%ed, m,n $erm,ns donJt re,li7e this, ,nd m,n donJt use the Ion@unktiv correctl , i( ever: 6o#ever, >ich mRchte>-phr,ses ,re extremel popul,r, so @ust use them, even i( ou didnJt underst,nd et , #ord o( the expl,n,tion ,bove B-! LetJs introduce ob@ects in our phr,se8
:Wer rechnet die ,u.gabe?: 2 :Ich rechne die ,u.gabe: :Who calculates the tas(?: 2 :I calculate the tas(:, %eaning :Who ans ers the Nuestion:
<his is , direct ob@ect, >.u(%,be> is in the ,ccus,tive c,se: ?ec,use this is , (eminine noun, this is not so obvious, but the structure is the s,me ,s in8
:Wer sieht den Mann?: 2 :Ich sehe den Mann.: :Who sees the %an?: 2 :I see the %an.:
2o#, #e ,lso h,ve ,n ,dverbi,l expression o( the pl,ce: <his is ,n expression th,t de(ines the verb, thus ,d-verbi,l:
:Wer rechnet an der 9a.el?: 2 :Ich rechne an der 9a.el: :Who calculates on the blac(board?: 2 :I calculate on the blac(board:
2o# letJs put ,ll this to%ether8

:Wer rechnet die ,u.gabe an der 9a.el?: 2 :Ich rechne die ,u.gabe an der 9a.el.: :Who calculates the tas( on the blac(board?: 2 :I calculate the tas( on the blac(board:
2ote th,t the order o( the ob@ect ,n the ,dverbi,l expression is interch,n%e,ble: Lou c,n emph,si7e somethin% b puttin% it closer to the end o( the phr,se: .nd no# (or the #hole phr,se in ,ll its %lor 8
:Wer O %chte O die ,u.gabe O an der 9a.el O rechnen?: 2 :Ich O %chte O die ,u.gabe O an der 9a.el O rechnen.: :Who O ould li(e O the tas( O on the blac(board O "to$ calculate?: 2 :I O ould li(e O the tas( O on the blac(board O "to$ calculate.:
It #,snJt <6.< b,d, #,s itP

Florian geht zur 9a.el, schreibt an und liest >or: Florian goes to the blac(board, rites on and reads be.ore:
>Flori,n %oes to the bl,ckbo,rd, #rites do#n ,nd re,ds out ,loud> >7ur> is ,nother contr,ction, this time o( >7u> ,nd >der>: 2ote th,t ,(ter >7u> (ollo#s the d,tive c,se, so >der> is not the m,sculine but the (eminine ,rticle B-! >,nschreiben> splits to >schreibt ,n>, ,nd me,ns litter,ll >#ritin% on>: It is o(ten used #hen #ritin% le%ibl on , l,r%e, visible sur(,ce such ,s bl,ckbo,rd or , (lipch,rt: >vorlesen> splits to >liest vor>, ,nd ori%in,tes in >re,d be(ore (,n ,udience!>: It tr,nsl,tes to >re,d ,loud>:
:K -lus L ist gleich @C: :L %inus K ist gleich C: :C %al L ist gleich AM: :AM geteilt durch @A ist gleich A:
;o, ,s ou mi%ht h,ve %uessed, plus ,nd minus ,re the s,me ,s in )n%lish - the ,re @ust pronounced $erm,n: <he verbs >,ddieren> ,nd >subtr,hieren> ,re prob,bl not di((icult either::: >Ist %leich> or short >%leich> corresponds obviousl to >is e=u,l to> or >e=u,ls>: >m,l> me,ns >times>: <his is ,lso used in ever d, phr,ses, such ,s >100m,l h,be ich dir %es,%t :::> >I told ou , 100 times :::> <he correspondin% verb is >m,lnehmen> or >multipli7ieren> >%eteilt durch> is liter,ll >divided b >, ,nd the verb is >teilen> or >dividieren>: Lehrer8 ;ehr %ut, Flori,nW Eer %ood, Flori,nW 2o#, th,t #,s e,s W
0ie Gloc(e l#utet. /s ist F+n.%inuten-ause. 9he bell rings. It is .i>e2%inute2brea(
?et#een cl,sses, there is usu,ll , bre,k o( (ive minutes to ,llo# te,chers ,nd students to %o (rom one cl,ssroom to ,nother: In most schools, cl,sses such ,s $erm,n, )n%lish, 6istor , 5hilosoph ,re t,u%ht in the cl,ssroom: Fl,sses th,t use speci,l e=uipment, such ,s ,ll sciences, music ,nd ,rts ,nd o( course computers ,nd sport ,re bein% t,u%ht in , speci,li7ed l,b cl,sses:
Schnell, ir %+ssen zu Musi(! Iuic(, e %ust to %usic!
<his sentence sounds str,n%e: <his is, bec,use in ever d, $erm,n, sometimes the verb gehen c,n be le(t out, i( it is cle,r #h,t is me,nt: In this c,se, the complete phr,se #ould h,ve to be >Air mCssen 7u Nusik gehen>: ?ut since <orsten #ill not think ;ilke is %oin% to (l there, there #ill be no misunderst,ndin%: .dditionn,ll , the #ord >cl,ss>, or >course> is missin%, #hich is the usu,l #, o( students to t,lk ,bout their sub@ects: 2ote8 In )n%lish, the phr,se #ould mi%ht be >Ae ha)e to %o to the music room> inste,d o( must: <he $erm,n tr,nsl,tion >Air h,ben in den Nusikr,um 7u %ehen> #ould be understood, but is =uite (orm,l: .ddition,ll , there is , connot,tion th,t the spe,ker dist,nces himsel( (rom the order he is bein% %iven:
,u 'a, darau. .reue ich %ich schon! 6h 5es, on this loo( .or ard I %5sel. alread5!
Ahe#, #h,t #,s th,tP LetJs st,rt ,t the be%innin%: >.u @,> ist ,n excl,m,tion me,nin% >cool>, >th,tJs %re,t>: It h,s nothin% to do #ith the $erm,n e=uiv,lent o( >ouchW>, #hich is >,u(,!W> B-! >;ich (reuen> me,ns >bein% h,pp >: It is re/le?i)e such ,s in >I help m sel(>, bec,use the sub@ect ,nd the ob@ect ,re the s,me: ;ome phr,ses simpl ,re constructed like this, even i( there seems to be no re,l re,son to this, ,nd m,n l,n%u,%es kno# this phenomenon: <he >sich> here is technic,ll the ,ccus,tive o( >he, she, it> ,nd is bein% ch,n%ed dependin% on the person8
ich .reue %ich du .reust dich er, sie, es .reut sich ir .reuen uns ihr .reut euch SieGsie .reuen sich I a% ha--5 "thou art ha--5$ he, she, it is ha--5 e are ha--5 5ou are ha--5 the5 are ha--5
2ote th,t >to be h,pp > ,ctu,ll #ould be r,ther tr,nsl,ted b >%lCcklich sein>, but it is the closest )n%lish e=uiv,lent to >sich (reuen>: >;ich *&er etwas (reuen> me,ns >to be h,pp a&out something>: <his is kind o( sel(-expl,n,tor : ?ut >sich au/ etwas (reuen>, liter,ll >to be h,pp on something> me,ns >to look (or#,rd to>: <his is , common phr,se th,t uses the on in the s,me #ide sense ,s in >on dru%s>, or >livin% on somethin%> there is no sp,ti,l rel,tion here::: In >d,r,u(> ou reco%ni7e the >,u(>: <he >d,> is , demonstr,tive prounoun such ,s in >that pl,ce>: >4,r,u(> ,ctu,ll is ,nother contr,ction #hich developped , lon% time ,%o (rom >d,-her,u(>: <he >d,r,u(> is re(erencin% the #ord >Nusik> (rom ;ilkeJs sentence: ;o >.u @,, d,r,u( (reue ich mich schon> or >on-this look-(or#,rd I m sel( ,lre,d > @ust me,ns >$re,t, IJm ,lre,d lookin% (or#,rd to th,t>
N, be it com(orts ou , little th,t the )n%lish phr,se in , #ord-b -#ord tr,nsl,tion to $erm,n #ould be @ust ,s inintelli%e,ble:::
Wei*t du denn, as =no 5ou then hat ir heute %achen? e toda5 %a(e?
><hen do ou kno# #h,t #e (,re %oin% to! do tod, P> 2ote ,%,in, th,t >m,chen> o(ten does not tr,nsl,te to >m,ke>, but to >do>W
Wir ollten doch heute ein Died >on Grne%e5er singen! We anted "but$ toda5 a song o. Grne%e5er sing!
>?ut #e #,nted to sin% , son% b $rRneme er tod, W> <he >doch> doesnJt liter,ll me,n >but>, but is , ver common phr,se to rein(orce ,nd emph,si7e: Its most common use is prob,bl in >H,W - 2einW - 4DF6W> - >LesW - 2o> - ;DW> It is , stron%er es, in spite o( the >no>, ,nd especi,ll little kids like the #ord B-!
,ch 'a? Welches denn? 6h 5es? Which then? :,l(ohol:, glaube ich... :,lcohol:, belie>e I...
2ote th,t ,ddin% , >%l,ube ich> is ,nother common phr,se, ex,cl ,s >I think> or >I believe> c,n be ,dded to ,n )n%lish phr,se: 2ever mind the #ord order, this is bec,use technic,ll the subordin,te cl,use o( the sentence is put to the be%innin%::: >Ich %l,ube, d,ss >.lkohol> d,s Lied ist> `-M >4,ss >.lkohol> d,s Lied ist, %l,ube ich> >I believe th,t >.lcohol> is the son%> `-M ><h,t >.lcohol> is the son%, I believe> 6erbert $rRneme er is , ver popul,r $erm,n rock sin%er (rom the +uhr re%ion: 6is most (,mous son%s include >N/nner>, >?ochum> (, cit in the +uhr re%ion!, >Nensch> ,nd ,lso >.lkohol>: :!ache' wenn es nicht zum Weinen reicht5: ; song title on the al&um :Mensch:' H22H
)ach de% Musi(unterricht: ,.ter the %usic class:
>3nterricht> comes (rom >unterrichten> >to te,ch>, ,nd me,ns simpl >cl,ss>: ?etter not think ,bout >under> ,nd >ri%ht> here, #hich ou mi%ht h,ve correctl reco%ni7ed ,s the #ordJs components B-! >richten> liter,ll me,ns >to correct>:
Schau noch %al au. den Stunden-lan! Doo( still once on the hour2-lan!
>6,ve , look ,t the schedule once ,%,inW>
>noch einm,l> or short >noch m,l> - >(once! ,%,in> - both #ords ou h,ve met be(ore: >m,l> is the s,me ,s in >drei m,l> - >three times>, ,nd since >one time> in )n%lish is repl,ced b >once> this is onl lo%ic,l B-! >noch> is more di((icult, but #ith the liter,l tr,nsl,tion o( >noch einm,l> - >still once> ou c,n m, be %et the ide, :::
!etzt haben ir nur noch Geschichte... )o ha>e e onl5 still histor5...
>2o# #e h,ve onl histor le(t> - .%,in , >noch>W

=o%%, 4o%e, ir sch #nzen und gehen ins &istro. e s(i- and go in the bistro.
>Fome on, letJs skip cl,ss ,nd %o to the bistro inste,d>: .s in )n%lish, >Iomm> c,n be used to motiv,te others: <here is et ,nother contr,ction here >ins> is derived (rom >in d,s>, me,nin% >in the>: >d,s> is the neutr,l ,rticle in ,ccus,tive c,se here:
Schon ieder! ,lread5 again!
Aufgabe
;ome o( the #ords in the di,lo%ues ,bove ,re >(illers>, th,t ,re commonl used to m,ke spoken l,n%u,%e (lo#: <he ,re not c,rr in% ,n necess,r in(orm,tion, strictl spe,kin%, but the help m,ke the phr,ses sound >re,l>: Lou cert,inl kno# such #ords in )n%lish, such ,s >#ell>, >like>, >kind,>, > Jkno#>::: <r to spot those #ords ,nd reduce the phr,ses: <hen tr to spot ,ll the #ords th,t %ive ,ddition,l in(orm,tion: Lou should end up #ith phr,ses th,t cont,in onl ;ub@ect ,nd Eerb ,nd m, be ,n Db@ect: N,ke , list o( ,ll the contr,ctions used in this ch,pter: F,n ou determine the (ull t,blesP
!chool
Vocabulary
!choolP/elated Verbs
Desen Schreiben Studieren Dernen 8eichnen 9o 9o 9o 9o 9o 7ead Write Stud5 Stud5 3aint
!chool #lasses
0eutsch /nglisch 7ussisch Franzsisch Datein Mathe%ati( S-ort =unst or 8eichnen Musi( Geschichte &iologie Geogra.ie 7eligion 4he%ie 3h5si( In.or%ati( /le(tronische 0aten>erarbeitung Ger%an /nglish 7ussian French Datin Mathe%atics 3/ or G5% ,rts Music Histor5 &iolog5 Geogra-h5 7/ or 7eligion 4he%istr5 3h5sics 4o%-uter Science 4o%-uter Science
!chool !upplies
der 7adiergu%%i der &leisti.t der =uliG=ugelschreiber das Fach die =lasse der Dehrer die Dehrerin die Schule der Sch+ler School and Do er$ der Student die StundeGSchulstunde die 3ause die Schultasche /raserG7ubber 3encil 3en Sub'ect 4lass 9eacher "%ale$ 9eacher ".e%ale$ School Student "HighGSecondar5 Student "4ollegeGEni>ersit5$ Desson &rea( &ac(-ac(
+evie# 1:0*
Vocabulary
&ab5 ear 4hildren's Wear 4learance Sale 4losed 4lothing 4o%-uter Section 4os%etics 4usto%er 4usto%er Ser>ice /lectrical ,--liance /scalator Fashion Furniture Gi.t Good 1alue ",d'.$ Groceries !e eler5 Deather Goods 6-en 6-ening Hours 3resent 7educed Sales 7ecei-t Sou>enir S-ecial 6..er S-orts Goods Stationer5 Su%%er Sale 1ideo Store Winter Sale 0ie &ab5arti(el "-lural$ 0ie =inderbe(leidung 0er 7#u%ungs>er(au. Geschlossen 0ie =leidung 0er 4o%-utersho0ie =os%eti( 0er =unde 0er =undendienst 0as /le(troger#t 0ie 7olltre--e 0ie Mode 0as Mbel "no -lural$ 0er Geschen(arti(el 3reis ert 0ie Debens%ittel "-lural$ 0a%enschuhe "-lural$ 0ie Deder aren "-lural$ Ge..net 0ie P..nungszeiten "-lural$ 0as Geschen( 7eduziert 0er =assenbon 0as ,nden(en 0as Sonderangebot S-ortarti(el "-lural$ Schreib aren "-lural$ 0er So%%erschluss>er(au. "abbr. SS1$ 0ie 1ideothe( 0er Winterschluss>er(au. "abbr. WS1$
De artment Store 7etail Store 9he Mall &outiNue Store Manager /%-lo5ee Sales 4ler( 4ashier 0ressing 7oo% Men's Section Wo%en's Section First Floor Mens ear Second Floor Wo%ens ear 9hird Floor =ids Section Fourth Floor /lectronics =itchen are Fi.th Floor Dighting &edding 9o5s SiH Floor Food )lectronics 9ele>ision 0igital 4a%era 9ele-hone 4ell -hone 4o%-uter S-ea(ers 010s 40s 010 3la5er 40 3la5er &edding &lan(ets 3illo 3illo 4ase Sheets &ed S(irt
Warenhaus /inzelhandelsgesch#.t /in(au.szentru% &outiNue Gesch#.t Manager ,ngestellter 1er(#u.er =assierer E%(leide(abine M#nnerabteilung Frauenabteilung /rstes Stoc( er( M#nner(leidung 8 eiter Stoc( Frauen(leidung 0ritte Stoc( =inderabteilung 1ierter Stoc( /le(troni( =+chenbedar. F+n.ter Stoc( &eleuchtung &ett #sche S-iel aren Sechster Stoc( Debens%ittel )le#troni# Fernsehen 0igital(a%era 9ele.on Mobiltele.on, Hand5 4o%-uter, 7echner Dauts-recher 010 40 01023la5er 4023la5er &ett #sche 0ec(en =o-.(issen =o-.(issenbezug &l#tter &ett27oc(
3rice )ote 4oin @ /uro 4oin A /uro 4oin K /uro )ote @Q /uro )ote @QQ /uro )ote @ 4ent 4oin A 4ent 4oin K 4ent 4oin @Q 4ent 4oin AQ 4ent 4oin KQ 4ent 4oin S(irt 3ullo>er Scar. 4oat Shirt S eater )ec(tie !ac(et 3ants Hat Shoe Soc( Glo>e &louse Size 4olor 4otton Deather 7a5on S%all Mediu% Darge /Htra2Darge 4hea/H-ensi>e 3rett5 Egl5 So.t )e &road Wide 9ight 4o%.ortable
3reis 0er Schein 0ie M+nze 0as /urost+c( 0as 8 eieurost+c( 0er F+n.euroschein 0er 8ehneuroschein 0er Hunderteuroschein 0as 4entst+c( 0as 8 eicentst+c( 0as F+n.centst+c( 0as 8ehncentst+c( 0as 8 anzigcentst+c( 0as F+n.zigcentst+c( 0er 0er 0as 0er 0as 0er 0er 0ie 0ie 0er 0er 0ie 0er 0ie 7oc( 3ullo>er 9uch Mantel He%d 3ullo>er Schli-s !ac(e Hose Hut Schuh Soc(e Handschuh &luse
0ie Gr*e 0ie Farbe 0ie &au% olle 0as Deder 0ie =untseide =lein Mittel Gro* /Htragro* &illig 9euer Schn H#sslich Weich )eu &reit Weit /ng &eNue%
7ed &lue Green 6range 1iolet ?ello &ro n Indigo Gra5 &lac( White 9o 9o 9o 9o 9o 9o Doo( 9r5 6n 3ut 6n 9a(e &u5 Ha>e 6nGWear
7ot &lau Gr+n 6range 1eilchen Gelb &raun Indigo Grau Sch arz Wei* ,ussehen ,n-robieren ,nziehen )eh%en =au.en ,nhaben 9ragen Son 0aughter Father Mother Grand.ather Grand%other Grand-a Grand%a Sister &rother &rothers B Sisters Grandson Granddaughter Wi.e Husband Father2in2Da 0augther2in2Da &rother2in2Da Sister2in2Da Mother2in2Da Son2in2Da Encle ,unt 3resent 9o 9o 9o 9o 9o 9o 9a(e , a5 7ead Write Stud5 Stud5 3aint
Sohn 9ochter 1ater Mutter Gro*>ater Gro*%utter 6-a 6%a Sch ester &ruder Gesch ister /n(el /n(elin Frau Mann Sch ieger>ater Sch iegertochter Sch ager Sch #gerin Sch ieger%utter Sch iegersohn 6n(el 9ante Geschen( )i%%t Desen Schreiben Studieren Dernen 8eichnen
0eutsch /nglisch 7ussisch Franzsisch Datein Mathe%ati( S-ort =unst or 8eichnen Musi( Geschichte &iologie Geogra.ie 7eligion 4he%ie 3h5si( In.or%ati( der der der das die der die die der der die die die 7adiergu%%i &leisti.t =uliG=ugelschreiber Fach =lasse Dehrer Dehrerin Schule Sch+ler Student StundeGSchulstunde 3ause Schultasche
Ger%an /nglish 7ussian French Datin Mathe%atics 3/ or G5% ,rts Music Histor5 &iolog5 Geogra-h5 7/ or 7eligion 4he%istr5 3h5sics 4o%-uter Science /raserG7ubber 3encil 3en Sub'ect 4lass 9eacher "%ale$ 9eacher ".e%ale$ School Student "HighGSecondar5 School and Do er$ Student "4ollegeGEni>ersit5$ Desson &rea( &ac(-ac(
+evie# 1:0*
Section 012N 3 Vienna' Austria
Lesson 1:0& O 4,s Fest

Gifts
Vocabulary
das S-iel das 1ideos-iel Ga%e 1ideo Ga%e
Parties
Vocabulary
der ;p,V die Feier die 5,rt die Nusik die <orte d,s F,ss d,s ?ier der ;chn,ps der Aein listen der AeiV#ein der +ot#ein Feiern <rinken ;,u(en )rbrechen 9 sich Zber%eben Iot7en <,n7en
U \ . Form,l 4inner 5,rt
Fun 5,rt U 5,rt Nusic F,ke Ie% ?eer 6,rd Li=uor Aine Ahite Aine +ed Aine <o 5,rt 4rinkin% <o $et 4runk <o <hro# 3p <o 5uke @slangA <o 4,nce
5ifferent #elebrations
der Geburtstag Weihnachten 6stern das !ubil#u% &irthda5 4hrist%as /aster ,nni>ersar5
!nack ,oods
Vocabulary
das Wasser Water
Lesson 1:0& O 4,s Fest

Lesson 1:0- O 5rivile% und Eer,nt#ortun%

Qobs and Tasks
Vocabulary
#areers
Wor( 0octor &uniness Man &uniness Wo%an 9eacher 3olice 6..icer Fire%an ,ctor ,rtist ,uthor &an( 4ler( 4ar Mechanic 4he%ist 4i>il Ser>ant /ngineer Far%er Hairdresser !ournalist Da 5er Decturer )urse 3ensioner 3hotogra-her 3olitician 3ost%an 3ro.essor Sales-erson Secretar5 Student 9aHi 0ri>er Waiter ,rbeit ,rzt Gesch#.ts%ann Gesch#.ts.rau Dehrer 3olizeibea%te Feuer ehr%ann Schaus-ieler =+nstler Schri.tsteller &an(angestellter ,uto%echani(er 4he%i(er &ea%ter Ingenieur Dand irt Friseur !ournalist 7echtsan alt 0ozent =ran(en-.leger 7entner Fotogra. 3oliti(er &rie.tr#ger 3ro.essor 1er(#u.er Se(ret#r Student 9aHi.ahrer =ellner
Tasks
4leaning 4oo(ing Ho%e or( 9as(s 7einigung =ochen Hausau.gaben ,u.gaben
Plans
#ommon Phases
9ch ha&e 4l#ne111 I h,ve pl,ns::: 9ch ha&e 4l#ne mit111 I h,ve pl,ns #ith:::
Places To Go
Vocabulary /erman0
Hu%burg &erlin Fran(.urt 4olonge Munich
Deutschland
Ha%burg &erlin Fran(.urt =ln M+nchen
#ommon Phases
9ch muss gehen111 I h,ve to %o to::: congratulations on com"leting
Lesson 1:0- O 5rivile% und Eer,nt#ortun%

Lesson 1:09 O Aetter

5ialog
Wol/gang calls his /riend Monica a/ter he sees the weather /orecast1
Wol"gang: Mist! !onica: Was? Wol"gang: /s ird regnen. !onica: 0u hattest 3l#ne, richtig? Wol"gang: !a, Ich ollte einige Weihnachtengeschen(e (au.en. !onica: Ich habe %ehr schlechte )achrichten. Wol"gang: )ein! Was ist es? !onica: /s ird regnen und dann s-#ter in einen star(en Schneestur% +ber echseln. Wol"gang: )ein! 0ie Stra*e ird %it /is bedec(t sein. !onica: Ich ei*. Ich %uss zur =lasse gehen. ,u. Wiedersehen %ein Freund. Wol"gang: &is 0ann!
Weather
Vocabulary
Weather 7ain Sno Sno Sho ers Sho ers 9hunder Stor% 9hunderstor% 4loud5 6>ercast Hail 0rizzle 9ha Frost Wetter 7egen Schnee Schneeschauer, Schnee.all Schauer 0onner Stur% Ge itter &e l(t &edec(t Hagel )ieseln 9auen Frost
#ommon Phases
Wie ist das Wetter7 6o#Js the #e,therP Wie ist das wetter 1117 Ah,t is the #e,ther (or :::P K<nnen Sie mir sagen wie das Wetter heute ist7 F,n ou tell me tod, Js #e,therP 9st es1117 Is it:::P
Transportation
Vocabulary
4ar 9rain 9rainstation ,ir-lane &oat High a5 7oad ,uto 8ug &ahnho. Flugzeug &oot Dandstra*e Stra*e
Lesson 1:09 O Aetter

+evie# 1:0"
Vocabulary
das das der die die die die das das der der der der S-iel 1ideos-iel S-a* Feier 3art5 Musi( 9orte Fass &ier Schna-s Wein Wei* ein 7ot ein Ga%e 1ideo Ga%e Fun 3art5J 3art5 Music 4a(e =eg &eer Hard DiNuor Wine White Wine 7ed Wine To Part0 0rin(ing 9o Get 0run( 9o 9hro E9o 3u(e #sl!ng$ 9o 0ance &irthda5 4hrist%as /aster ,nni>ersar5 Water (rbeit ,rzt Gesch#.ts%ann Gesch#.ts.rau Dehrer 3olizeibea%te Feuer ehr%ann Schaus-ieler =+nstler Schri.tsteller &an(angestellter ,uto%echani(er 4he%i(er &ea%ter Ingenieur Dand irt Friseur !ournalist 7echtsan alt 0ozent =ran(en-.leger 7entner Fotogra.
$eiern 9rin(en Sau.en /rbrechen G sich Rbergeben =otzen 9anzen der Geburtstag Weihnachten 6stern das !ubil#u% das Wasser Wor# 0octor &uniness Man &uniness Wo%an 9eacher 3olice 6..icer Fire%an ,ctor ,rtist ,uthor &an( 4ler( 4ar Mechanic 4he%ist 4i>il Ser>ant /ngineer Far%er Hairdresser !ournalist Da 5er Decturer )urse 3ensioner 3hotogra-her
3olitician 3ost%an 3ro.essor Sales-erson Secretar5 Student 9aHi 0ri>er Waiter Ger%an5 Hu%burg &erlin Fran(.urt 4olonge Munich Weather 7ain Sno Sno Sho ers Sho ers 9hunder Stor% 9hunderstor% 4loud5 6>ercast Hail 0rizzle 9ha Frost 4ar 9rain 9rainstation ,ir-lane &oat High a5 7oad
3oliti(er &rie.tr#ger 3ro.essor 1er(#u.er Se(ret#r Student 9aHi.ahrer =ellner 0eutschland Ha%burg &erlin Fran(.urt =ln M+nchen Wetter 7egen Schnee Schneesch Schauer 0onner Stur% Ge itter &e l(t &edec(t Hagel )ieseln 9auen Frost ,uto 8ug &ahnho. Flugzeug &oot Dandstra*e Stra*e
+evie# 1:0"
Section 012O 3 Berne' Switzerland
Lesson 1:10 O 'u 6,use )ssen

unde.eloped
Lesson 1:11 O Filme

unde.eloped
Lesson 1:1* O 4,s 6,us

unde.eloped
+evie# 1:04
unde.eloped
German Level T o Lessons Grundlegende Lektionen A Basic Course in German
Level T o #ontents
!ection +%&$ ( Salzburg Austria
Lesson +%&$ ' Einfache GesprJche unter ,reunden ( $erm,n %r,mm,r (introduction!, (,mili,r convers,tions, #ord order in =uestions, pronouns (introduction!: Lesson +%&+ ' ,remde und ,reunde ( Eerbs (introduction!, pronouns in nomin,tive c,se, (orm,l convers,tions, pronoun %ender: Lesson +%&. ' 5ie 9ahlen ( Fountin% (theme!, numbers 1 to 1*, tellin% time, nouns (introduction!, de(inite ,rticles Q noun %ender, inde(inite ,rticles: Lesson +%&0 ' Eine Geschichte Aber 9Arich ( .d@ectives (introduction!, nouns ,nd pronouns in the ,ccus,tive ,nd d,tive, interro%,tives: /evie +%&$ ' +evie# o( Lessons 1-4
!ection +%&+ ( 2)rich S"itzerland

Lesson +%&2 ' 5ie Wohnung ( Fon@u%,tin% verbs (present tense!, comm,nds: Lesson +%&3 ' Bathematik ( ;imple m,th, numbers 1"-100, tellin% time8 minutes Q seconds, d, s o( the #eek, months, ,nd se,sons Lesson +%&4 ' BeinG 5einG und !ein ( ;chool sub@ects, , description o( $erm,n schools, b,sic voc,bul,r in school cl,sses (m,th, %eo%r,ph , etc:!, ,nd school supplies: Lesson +%&6 ' Einkaufen gehen ( .rticles o( clothin%, sep,r,ble verbs, colors: /evie +%&+ ' +evie# o( Lessons 0--
!ection +%&. ( 3anno.er German!
Lesson +%&7 ' Verbtempus und Wortstellung ( Inverted #ord order, p,st ,nd (uture tense verbs: Lesson +%$& ' Mndeveloped ( 3ndeveloped Lesson +%$$ ' Mndeveloped ( 3ndeveloped Lesson +%$+ ' Mndeveloped ( 3ndeveloped /evie +%&. O +evie# o( Lessons 9-1*
Section 4056 7 Salzburg Austria
Lesson +%&$ ' Einfache GesprJche unter ,reunden
Grammatik $P$ ( Introduction to German grammar

Ino#in% the p,rts o( speech (ho# #ords (unction in , sentence! is import,nt (or ,n one ,ttemptin% to le,rn , second l,n%u,%e: )n%lish spe,kers #ill (ind m,n stron% p,r,llels bet#een their l,n%u,%e ,nd $erm,n: 6o#ever, ,s noted in the introduction, $erm,n %r,mm,r si%n,lsKho# #ords indic,te their (unction in , sentenceK,re more complex th,n )n%lish, ,nd identi( in% the me,nin% o( #ords in , $erm,n sentence is di((icult #ithout underst,ndin% these clues or si%n,ls to #ord (unction th,t come (rom the %r,mm,tic,l rules: <he b,sic lessons (Level II! o( this textbook ,re set up to (irst introduce the p,rts o( speech, ,nd then brin% in the rules th,t %overn these: 5, p,rticul,r ,ttention to both ord endings ,nd sentence ord order ,s ou pro%ress in le,rnin% the $erm,n l,n%u,%e: Follo#in% is , short convers,tion piece ( es"r#ch!: 5l, the ,udio (ile (irst, then ,ttempt to repe,t #h,t ou he,r, re,din% the spoken p,rts o( the convers,tion: $o b,ck ,nd (orth (listenin% ,nd then spe,kin%! until the $erm,n (lo#s e,sil (rom our lips: <his m, t,ke consider,ble pr,ctice: +e(er to the voc,bul,r (Vo$a&eln! belo# to underst,nd the me,nin% o( the $erm,n sentences ou ,re he,rin% ,nd spe,kin%:
GesprJch $P$ ( %ie *reunde

6einrich tri((t I,rl ,u( der ;tr,Ve: 6einrich und I,rl sind Freunde: Heinrich8 $uten <,%, I,rl: Aie %eht es dirP Karl8 $uten <,%: 4,nke, es %eht mir %ut: 3nd dirP Heinrich8 4,nke, es %eht mir %ut: .u( Aiedersehen: Karl8 .u( AiedersehenW
Audio8 D$$ (9&I?!
In this convers,tion #e le,rn sever,l simple %reetin%s exch,n%ed bet#een (riends meetin% ver brie(l on the street:
Vokabeln $P$
<his (irst voc,bul,r (Vo$a&eln! m, seem , bit lon% considerin% ou h,ve been presented #ith onl the brie( convers,tion piece ,bove, but it ,lso cont,ins ,ll o( the $erm,n #ords ou h,ve encountered up to this point in the Level II textbook, includin% #ords in photo c,ptions ,nd lesson section he,ders:
<he l, out o( the Vo$a&eln is expl,ined in the Lesson L, out $uide in the $erm,nG)n%lish textbook introduction, but the (our p,rts o( the Vo$a&eln ,re l,beled in this (irst lesson to reen(orce the concept: 2ote th,t column " m, cont,in (in p,rentheses! ,ddition,l notes ,bout , #ord in column 1: .lso, ou c,n (ind the %reetin% phr,ses th,t ,ppe,r in the simple convers,tions ,bove (,nd m,n others! in .nh,n% *, , $erm,n-)n%lish phr,se book:
)6E)S der die der das die die die das die das ,nhang, die ,nh#nge &r+c(e Freund, die Freunde Ges rch, die Ges rche Gra%mati( De(tion Stra*e 9or 1o#abeln 1or ort SH679 3H7,S/S au. der Stra*e ,u. Wiedersehen /s geht %ir gut good'$ Guten 9ag! End dir? 5ou?'$ unter Freunden Wie geht es dir? 5ou?'$ Wie geht's? used$ 1/7&S gehen tre..en go %eet, co%e u-on "geht is :goes:$ "tri%%t is :%eets:$ on the street Good b5e I a% .ine Good da5 ,nd 5ou? bet een .riends Ho are 5ou Ho are 5ou? a--endiH, a--endices "singular and -lural$ bridge .riend, .riends "singular and -lural$ con>ersation, con>ersations gra%%ar "note irregular stress$ lesson "note irregular stress$ street gate a5 ord list, >ocabular5 .ore ord, -re.ace "introduction to a boo($
"lit: 'It goes
ith %e are ith
"greeting$ "i%-lied: ',nd ho "lit: 'Ho goes it
"casual, but %ore co%%onl5
69H/7 :SM,DD: W670S "ad'ecti>es, ad>erbs, -re-ositions, etc.$ dan(e dir ein.ach es gut %ir und ie? `` Lesson L, out $uide than( 5ou; than(s " ith or .or$ 5ou si%-le it good " ith or to$ %e and ho ?
5ronunci,tion $uide MM
GesprJch $P+ ( %ie Studenten

N,rkus ist ;tudent: )r studiert ?iolo%ie: )r be%e%net I,trin: ;ie studiert N,them,tik: N,rkus und I,trin sind Freunde: Mar$us8 6,llo, I,trinW Aohin %ehst duP Katrin8 Ich %ehe eink,u(en: 4er IChlschr,nk ist (,st leer: Ich br,uche Aurst und I/se: 3nd duP Aohin %ehst duP Mar$us8 'ur 3ni: Ich h,be viel 7u tun: Katrin8 $utW 4,nn bis b,ld: <schCss: Mar$us8 <schCss, I,trin:
6ere ,%,in, t#o (riends (colle%e students! meet c,su,ll ,nd discuss brie(l #h,t e,ch is doin%:
Grammatik $P+ ( Word "rder in Iuestions

?,sic or normal ord order in simple $erm,n sentences is the s,me ,s in )n%lishKsub@ect then verb then verb ob@ect8 9ch ha&e K#se G I (sub@ect! h,ve (verb! cheese (verb ob@ect \ #h,t ou >h,ve>! .lso, ,s #ith )n%lish sentence structure, , =uestion sentence in $erm,n is (ormed b reversin% sub@ect ,nd verb8 Hast du K#se7 G 6,ve (verb! ou (sub@ect! cheeseP <his is c,lled inverted ord order: )x,mples ,re provided in $espr/ch 1-1 ,nd $espr/ch 1-*: .s ,nother ex,mple, consider the st,tement8 %r studiert Biologie (J6e studies biolo% J!: . =uestion st,tement mi%ht be8 Was studiert er7 (JAh,t studies hePJB ,lthou%h in )n%lish, #e #ould usu,ll s, 8 >Ah,t is he stud in%P>!: <he norm,l #ord order o( sub@ect (er or >he>! then verb (studiert or >stud >! is reversed ,nd, in this c,se, ,n interrogative (was or >#h,t>! ,dded onto the (ront repl,cin% the unkno#n (to the spe,ker! ob@ect (here, >biolo% >!: .ddition,l ex,mples o( =uestions (ormed (rom b,sic st,tements illustr,te inverted #ord order8 Wie geht es dir7 (rom %s geht mir gut1 (JIt %oes #ell #ith me:J! Wohin geht sie7 (rom Sie geht ein$au/en1 (J;he %oes shoppin%:J! Was ist /ast leer7 (rom Der K*hlschran$ ist /ast leer1 (J<he (rid%e is ,lmost empt :J! Was &rauche ich7 (rom 9ch &rauche Wurst und K#se1 (JI need s,us,%e ,nd cheese:J! Versteht sie mich7 (rom Sie )ersteht mich1 (J;he underst,nds me:J!
Grammatik $P. ( Introduction to pronouns

. pronoun (4ronomen! is , short #ord th,t t,kes the pl,ce o( , noun previousl mentioned in the sentence, p,r,%r,ph, or convers,tion: . pronoun substitutes (or , noun or noun phr,se ,nd desi%n,tes persons or thin%s ,sked (or, previousl speci(ied, or understood (rom context: . speci(ic pronoun in )n%lish ,s #ell ,s $erm,n h,s person, number, ,nd case: Lou #ill be encounterin% ,ll o( the common $erm,n pronouns in the next sever,l lessons, so #e #ill tr,ck these ,s the ,ppe,r: <he (ollo#in%
familiar person,l pronouns ,re introduced in this lesson (!e$tion 0!8

ich S I mich S %e mir S %e du S 5ou dir S 5ou er S he sie S she es S it "@st -erson, singular, no%inati>e case$ "@st -erson, singular, accusati>e case$ "@st -erson singular, dati>e case$ "And -erson, singular, no%inati>e case$ "And -erson singular, dati>e case$ "Crd -erson singular, no%inati>e case$ "Crd -erson singular, no%inati>e case$ "Crd -erson singular, no%inati>e case$
5ronoun person describes the rel,tionship o( the #ord to the spe,ker (th,t is, 0st "erson is the spe,kerB Hnd "erson is spoken toB ,nd Nrd "erson is spoken ,bout!: 5ronoun number re(ers to #hether the #ord represents one (singular! or more th,n one ("lural! person or ob@ect: Fin,ll , case indic,tes ho# the pronoun is used in , sentence, ,s #ill be expl,ined over the next sever,l lessons: For no#, note in the ex,mples ou h,ve ,lre,d encountered, the three c,ses o( 1st person sin%ul,r pronouns in $erm,n8 ich, mich, ,nd mir: In )n%lish these ,re8 JIJ, JmeJ, ,nd (to or with! JmeJ K in essence, there ,re re,ll @ust t#o c,ses in )n%lish8 sub@ective (JIJ! ,nd ob@ective (JmeJ!: Lou #ill shortl see th,t there ,re simil,rities, et distinct di((erences, in the c,ses ,s used b the )n%lish ,nd $erm,n l,n%u,%es:
Vokabeln $P+
)6E)S die ,nt ort, die ,nt orten die &iologie die Freundin, die Freunde der =#se der =+hlschran( die Mathe%ati# das 3rono%en der Student, die Studentin die Eni 'ni(ersitt$ die Rbersetzung die Eni>ersitt die Wurst SH679 3H7,S/S 0ann bis bald! zu tun 1/7&S begegnen brauchen ein(au.en gehen haben studieren >erstehen %eet need, ant, reNuire go sho--ing ha>e stud5 understand then until " e$ soon "%eet again$ ":until then:$ to do ans er"s$ biolog5 ".e%ale$ .riend, .riends cheese re.rigerator %athe%atics -ronoun student, ".e%ale$ student uni>ersit5 translation uni>ersit5 sausage, banger "singular and -lural$ "note irregular stress$ "co%-are der &reund$ "note irregular stress$ "note irregular stress$ "a short .or% o. die "lit. :o>er2setting:$ "note irregular stress$
69H/7 :SM,DD: W670S an bald bis dann du er .ast hallo ich leer %ich schn '.ine'$ sehr sie tsch+ss >iel as? ohin? `` Lesson L, out $uide to "to ards$ soon until then 5ou he al%ost hello I e%-t5, >acant %e beauti.ul >er5 she so long %uch hat? here?
"in this case, 'nice' or
"good b5e$
Tberset-ung $P$
? re(errin% b,ck to lesson ex,mples, ou should be ,ble to #rite out the (ollo#in% sentences in $erm,n: Dn , piece o( p,per, (irst number ,nd #rite e,ch )n%lish sentence: <hen revie# the lesson ,bove ,nd produce , $erm,n sentence th,t s, s the s,me thin% ,s e,ch )n%lish sentence: .(ter ,ll seven lines ,re tr,nsl,ted, (ollo# the Antworten (,ns#ers! link to comp,re our #ork #ith the correct ones: 4o not be too concerned ,t this point i( our spellin% o( the $erm,n verbs do not m,tch the ,ns#ers: Lou #ill le,rn ,ll ,bout $erm,n verb (orms in l,ter lessons: 1: *: ": 4: 0: 1: &: $ood d, , N,rkW 6o# ,re ouP <h,nks, I ,m #ell: .nd ouP $ood b e, 6enr W F,therine needs cheese: ;he underst,nds the lesson #ell: ;o lon%, N,rkW 3ntil #e meet ,%,in: Ahere is he %oin%P
.nt#orten M
Lesson +%&+ ' ,remde und ,reunde
Grammatik +P$ ( Introduction to Verbs

. verb is th,t p,rt o( speech th,t describes ,n ,ction: Eerbs come in ,n ,lmost be#ilderin% ,rr, o( tenses, ,spects, ,nd t pes: For no#, #e #ill limit our discussion to verbs used in the present tense K i:e:, describin% ,n ,ction occurin% in the present: Lou should st,rt to reco%ni7e th,t the (orm , verb t,kes is rel,ted to the sub@ect o( th,t verb8 the verb (orm must m,tch the person o( the sub@ect: <his re=uirement is sometimes evident in )n%lish, but ,l#, s so in $erm,n: Fonsider the (ollo#in% )n%lish ,nd $erm,n sentences (the verb is studieren in ever c,se!8 I stud biolo% : ;he studies m,them,tics: <od, #e stud $erm,n: Ah,t ,re ou stud in%P 9ch studiere Biologie: Sie studiert Mathemati$1 Heute studieren wir Deutsch1 Was studierst du7 (2ote , sub@ect verb revers,l!
(2otice sub@ect verb revers,l in =uestion sentence! ;ever,l thin%s ,re illustr,ted b these sentence p,irs: First, ,ll verbs in $erm,n (ollo# the rule @ust st,ted th,t , verb (orm must ,%ree #ith its sub@ect: ;t,rtin% in !e$tion J #e #ill le,rn the verb (orms ,ssoci,ted #ith e,ch person in $erm,n: ;econd, this rule in )n%lish ,pplies mostl to the verb Jto beJ (e:%:, I ,m, ou ,re, he is, etc:!: In some )n%lish verbs, the "rd person sin%ul,r (orm is uni=ue, o(ten t,kin% ,n JsJ or JesJ endin%8 >I %ive ,t the o((ice>, but >6e %ives ,t the o((ice> (,nd >;he studies:::> ,bove!: Fin,ll , some $erm,n verbs ,re best tr,nsl,ted #ith ,n )n%lish Jto beJ verb (orm ,dded: <his is c,lled the "rogressi)e (orm in )n%lish (JAh,t ,re ou stud in%PJ!, but it does not exist in $erm,n: <hus, , verb like nennen c,n best be tr,nsl,ted ,s >to n,me> or >to c,ll>: <he (ollo#in% ex,mple m, m,ke this cle,rer: In the present tense, the (ollo#in% st,tements in )n%lish8 J<he J<he J<he J<he ,re c,llin% the corpor,tion, ><r,ns-$lob,l>J n,me the corpor,tion, ><r,ns-$lob,l>J c,ll the corpor,tion, ><r,ns-$lob,l>J do c,ll the corpor,tion, ><r,ns-$lob,l>J
,re ,ll expressed in $erm,n in onl one #, 8 Sie nennen die Firma' :-rans; lo&al:: .nd the =uestion st,tement8 J4o the c,ll the corpor,tion, ><r,ns-$lob,l>PJ becomes, in $erm,n8 Nennen sie die Firma' :-rans; lo&al:7
Grammatik +P+ ( Pronouns in the Dominative #ase

Nost o( the person,l pronouns introduced in Lektion 1 ,re used ,s sub@ects o( their verbs: <hese represent the nominative case in $erm,n (,s in )n%lish!: Ae #ill shortl le,rn three other c,ses in $erm,n8 the accusative (or direct ob@ects, the dative (or indirect ob@ects, ,nd the genitive (or expressin% possession: For no#, remember th,t the sin%ul,r person,l pronouns in )n%lish (nominative case! ,re >I>, > ou>, ,nd >he9she9it> (1st, *nd, ,nd "rd persons! ,nd the nomin,tive c,se is used ,s the sub@ect o( , verb: In $erm,n, these pronouns ,re rendered ,s ich, du, ,nd erCsieCes: In these ex,mple sentences, the subFect o( the verb is underlined8 9ch gehe ein$au/en1 I %o shoppin%: %r studiert Biologie1 6e studies biolo% : %s geht mir gut: It %oes #ell #ith me: ( \ I ,m (ine!: Ahere ,re ou (2otice sub@ect verb revers,l in =uestion Wohin gehst duP %oin%P sentence! <here ,re, o( course, plur,l person,l pronouns in the )n%lish nomin,tive c,se8 >#e>, > ou>, ,nd >the >B ,nd in $erm,n, these nomin,tive c,se pronouns ,re wir, ihr, ,nd sie: <hese ,ppe,r in the (ollo#in% ex,mples (,%,in, sub@ect underlined!8 Ae %o shoppin%: Lou ,ll underst,nd the 9hr )ersteht die Frage1 =uestion: 9hr ha&t die Anleitungen1 Lou (,ll! h,ve the instructions: Sie )erstehen die Ar&eit1 <he underst,nd the #ork: In both )n%lish ,nd $erm,n, the "rd person sin%ul,r ,lso h,s gender: .s ou #ill next le,rn, the *nd person (person bein% ,ddressed! in $erm,n h,s both familiar ,nd polite ((orm,l! (orms: Further, it is #orth repe,tin% here K ,lthou%h introduced in rammati$ H;0 ,bove ,nd to be covered in det,il in (uture lessons K th,t the verb (orm ch,n%es #hen the sub@ect ch,n%es: <h,t is, in $erm,n the verb (orm must m,tch the sub@ect o( , sentence: 6ere ,re some ex,mplesB comp,re #ith the previous three ex,mple sentences ,bove ,nd note ho# the verb (orm ch,n%ed to m,tch the sentence sub@ect (sub@ect ,nd verb underlined!8 9ch )erstehe die Ar&eit1 I underst,nd the #ork: Du gehst ein$au/en1 Lou %o shoppin%: 9ch ha&e alle Antworten1 I h,ve ,ll the ,ns#ers: %r hat die Anleitungen1 6e h,s the instructions: In the l,st ex,mple, the )n%lish verb (orm (Jh,veJ! ,lso ch,n%ed b,sed upon the sub@ect o( the sentence: Wir gehen ein$au/en1
GesprJch +P$ ( %ie Gesch'tsleute

6err ;chmidt tri((t Fr,u ?,um,nn: ;ie sind $esch/(tsleute und sie ,rbeiten ,n dem 6,uptsit7: Herr Schmidt8 $uten <,%, Fr,u ?,um,nnW Frau Baumann8 $uten <,%, 6err ;chmidtW
Herr Schmidt8 Aie %eht es IhnenP Frau Baumann8 ;ehr %ut, d,nke: 3nd IhnenP Herr Schmidt8 .uch %ut: Frau Baumann8 ;chRn: 6,ben ;ie 6errn ;t,ndish schon %etro((enP Herr Schmidt8 .us )n%l,ndP 2ein: Ist er 7u ?esuchP Frau Baumann8 H,: 4,s ist richti%W .u( Aiedersehen, 6err ;chmidtW Herr Schmidt8 .u( Aiedersehen, Fr,u ?,um,nnW
In this convers,tion, ,lthou%h the sub@ect m,tter is b,sic,ll c,su,l, , more (orm,l (orm o( $erm,n is bein% used intonin% respect bet#een co#orkers in ,n o((ice settin%: <he polite (orm is expressed b the pronouns ,s expl,ined belo# ($r,mm,tik *-"!:
Vokabeln +P$
die ,nleitungen das 0eutsch Spr!che$ der Fre%de die Fir%a die Frage die Gesch#.tsleute der Hau-tsitz der 9ag aus /ngland 0as ist richtig! Frau &au%ann Herr Sch%idt zu &esuch arbeiten getro..en nennen alle an Ihnen heute ihr 'a nein richtig sie Sie ir 5ronunci,tion $uide MM instructions Ger%an "language$ "%ore co%%on is die deutsche
.oreigner, stranger co%-an5, .ir%, business concern Nuestion business -eo-le "die )eute T -eo-le$ head o..ice "d!s H!upt T head or chie.$ da5, da5ti%e .ro% /ngland 9hat is right! Ms. &au%ann Mr. Sch%idt >isiting or( "ha>e$ %et na%e, call all at " ith r to$ 5ou toda5 5ou "-lural$, 5ou all 5es no correct the5 5ou e "-ast -artici-le o. tre%%en$
"-olite .or%$
"note: also :she:$ "-olite .or%$
Grammatik +P. ( ,amiliar and Polite Pronoun ,orms

N,n pronouns #ere introduced in Lesson 1: In rammati$ H;0 ,nd es"r#ch H;0 #e h,ve been presented #ith the (ollo#in% ,ddition,l pronouns8
*hnen ihr S sie S Sie S wir S S "to$ 5ou 5ou "And the5 "Crd 5ou "And e "@st "And -erson singular, dati>e case$ -erson, -lural, no%inati>e case$ -erson, -lural, no%inati>e case$ -erson, singular, no%inati>e case$ -erson, -lural, no%inati>e case$
In the convers,tions bet#een (riends presented in es"r#che 0;0 ,nd 0;H (Lektion 1! the familiar (orm o( the person,l pronouns (e:%:, du, dir! #,s used: 6o#ever, $erm,n ,lso h,s , polite or formal (orm o( some o( these person,l pronouns: <he polite (orm is used in convers,tions bet#een str,n%ers ,nd more (orm,l situ,tions, ,s illustr,ted in the es"r#ch H;08 %reetin%s bet#een business ,ssoci,tes: <he polite (orm is ,l#, s (irst-letter c,pit,li7ed in $erm,n, #hich c,n be help(ul in di((erenti,tin% Sie ( ou! (rom sie (she ,nd the !B 9hnen ( ou! (rom ihnen (them!: 6o#ever, ou #ill soon le,rn th,t the (orm o( the verb (see rammati$ H;N belo#! is most tellin%, ,s sho#n b these ex,mple p,irs usin% the verb, ha&en (h,ve!8 4o ou h,ve , ci%,retteP (polite (orm o( ou! ;he h,s no s,us,%e ,nd no Sie hat $eine Wurst und $einen K#se1 cheese: Sie ha&en )iel Ar&eit1 <he h,ve much #ork (to do!: Ha&en sie zu )iel Ar&eit7 4o the h,ve too much #orkP ?ec,use the (irst letter in , sentence is ,l#, s c,pit,li7ed, #e c,nnot determine (#ithout the verb (orm! #hether the second ,nd third ex,mples be%in #ith sie (JsheJ or Jthe J! or #ith Sie (polite J ouJ!B , problem th,t #ould ,lso exist in convers,tion: <he (ourth ex,mple, #here sub@ect ,nd verb ,re reversed in , =uestion, demonstr,tes the pronoun Jthe JB comp,re it #ith the polite J ouJ in the (irst ex,mple: It is rel,tivel e,s (or ,n )n%lish spe,ker to ,ppreci,te ho# context, especi,ll in convers,tion, overcomes con(usion considerin% th,t )n%lish h,s (e#er (orms (or these pronouns th,n $erm,n: 6o#ever, this (,ct does present some di((icult #hen le,rnin% $erm,n, since improper use o( , pronoun m, @ust cre,te con(usion in spe,kin% or #ritin% $erm,n: Ha&en Sie eine Digarette7
GesprJch +P+ ( %ie Gesch'tsmnner

6err ;chmidt und 6err ;t,ndish be%e%nen sich ,m 6,uptsit78
Vereinigtes K<nigreich )on ro6&ritannien und Nordirland
Bundesre"u&li$ Deutschland

Herr Schmidt8 $uten Nor%en, 6err ;t,ndishW Aie %eht es IhnenP Herr Standish8 4,nke sehr, es %eht mir %ut: 3nd IhnenP Herr Schmidt8 2icht so %ut: Ich bin mCde: Herr Standish8 Aie bitteP NCdeP A,rumP Herr Schmidt8 Ich h,be so viel .rbeit: Herr Standish8 4,s k,nn ich verstehen: 'u viel ist 7u viel: Herr Schmidt8 4,s ist richti%: .u( Aiedersehen, 6err ;t,ndishW Herr Standish8 .u( Aiedersehen, bis mor%en:
Vokabeln +P+
die &undesre-ubli( 0eutschland Federal 7e-ublic o. Ger%an5 die Gesch#.ts%#nner business%en "die Gesch%tsleute is -re.erred$ Gro*britannien Great &ritain "technicall5 +ereinigtes ,nigreich ( n Gr -.rit!nnien und N rdirl!nd$ der Morgen %orning die Rbersetzung translation bis %orgen Guten Morgen! nicht so gut so >iel Wie bitte? zu >iel bis (ein %+de nicht sich arum ? 5ronunci,tion $uide MM until to%orro Good %orning not so ell so %uch Ho is that? too %uch until no tired not each other h5 ?
"greeting$
"in the sense on :none:$
Grammatik +P0 ( Personal pronoun gender

In both )n%lish ,nd $erm,n the "rd person person,l pronouns h,ve %ender ($r,mm,tik 1-"!: 6o#ever, in )n%lish, the pronoun >it> is used (or most in,nim,te or non-livin% thin%s: <here ,re , (e#
exceptions8 , ship mi%ht be re(erred to ,s >she>: 6o#ever, in $erm,n, the "rd person person,l pronoun re(lects the gender o( the noun (antecedent! re(ered to b the pronoun: For ex,mples8 Der K*hlschran$ ist /ast leer1 %r ist /ast leer1 It (masculine! is ,lmost empt : 9ch &rauche die Wurst1 9ch &rauche sie1 I need it (feminine!: Das es"r#ch ist schwer1 %s ist schwer1 It (neuter! is di((icult: <he (ollo#in% t,ble summ,ri7es these %ender rel,tionships8 "rd person pronouns m,sculine er he (eminine neuter sie she es it
Tberset-ung +P$
Lou m, , ,t this point, tr the (l,sh c,rds developed (or Level I $erm,n: <his set h,s , (e# #ords ,nd concepts not et presented in Level II, but (or the most p,rt c,n be ver help(ul in enh,ncin% our voc,bul,r : $o to Fl,shc,rd)xch,n%e:com: <r,nsl,te the (ollo#in% sentences into $erm,n: 5, ,ttention to #hether (,mili,r or polite (orm o( the pronoun is re=uested8 1: *: ": 4: 0: 1: &: -: 9: $ood d, , Ns: 2eum,nn: 6o# ,re ouP [in polite convers,tion,l (orm] I ,m #ell, th,nk ou: .nd ouP [in polite (orm] I ,m #ell, th,nk ou: .nd ouP [in (,mili,r (orm] I,trin is stud in% m,th: <he meet e,ch other ,t the he,d o((ice: I do underst,nd the instructions: Is she visitin% (rom )n%l,ndP 6o# is th,tP Lou h,ve too much #orkP [in polite (orm] $ood b e, Nr: ;mith: 3ntil tomorro# mornin%P
.nt#orten M
Lesson +%&. ' 5ie 9ahlen
Lektion . ( 2hlen .on 6 bis 64

#ounting in ,n l,n%u,%e is , v,lu,ble skill best le,rned e,rl on: In $erm,n ,s in )n%lish, there ,re both cardinal (countin%! ,nd ordinal (pl,ce or order! numbers, ,nd number (orm,tion is simil,r in th,t the (irst t#elve numbers ,re uni=ue: .bove t#elve, numbers ,re (ormed b combin,tion: For ex,mple, 1" is dreizehn ,nd 14 is )ierzehn: 6i%her numbers #ill be the sub@ect o( l,ter lessons: 2ote in the t,ble ho# ordin,ls ,re (ormed (rom the c,rdin,ls in $erm,n b ,ddin% te: J<enJ becomes JtenthJ in )n%lishB zehn become zehnte in $erm,n: .s in )n%lish, there ,re sever,l noncon(ormin% v,ri,nts8 erste, dritte, ,nd sie&te: cardinal numbers ordinal numbers one t#o three (our (ive six seven ei%ht nine ten eleven t#elve eins 7#ei drei vier (Cn( sechs sieben ,cht neun 7ehn el( 7#Rl( 1st erste *nd 7#eite "rd 4th 0th 1th &th -th 9th dritte vierte (Cn(te sechste siebte ,chte neunte
10th 7ehnte 11th el(te 1*th 7#Rl(te
Audio8 D$$ ("-0I?!
Aussprache
Le,rnin% the $erm,n #ords (or the numbers provides ,n excellent opportunit to pr,ctice $erm,n pronunci,tions: Follo#in% ,re some help(ul hints (or )n%lish spe,kers ,ttemptin% to count in $erm,n: . >dent,l sound> is m,de b movin% the ton%ue into the b,ck o( the upper teethK,lmost ,s i( the #ord st,rted #ith , JtJ: . >%utter,l sound> comes (rom deep in the thro,t: .lso, remember, in #ords o( more th,n one s ll,ble, the emph,sis is on the (irst s ll,ble: (in,l conson,nts ,re cut o(( =uickl in $erm,n, not dr,#n out ,s in m,n )n%lish #ords: )n%lish spe,kers mi%ht c,ll this bein% curt or brus=ue #ith e,ch #ord:
eins zwei drei (ier %/n% sechs sie.en !cht neun zehn el% zwl% sa5 'e0en2zah' but dro- the 'ah'; 'z' is bet een an 's' and 'z' sounds li(e 'z>e5e'; the ' ' is bet een a '>' and a ' ' sounds li(e :dr5:, but ith dental 'd' and roll the 'r' sound is bet een :.ear: and '.ee25ahr' sa5 '.oon2.ah' ithout the 'ah'; >er5 slight 'r' a.ter the '+' sounds li(e :seH:, but ith a %ore dental leading 's' sounds li(e :see &en: "use dental 's'$ sounds li(e 'ah(t'; the 'ch' is gutteral sounds li(e :loin: ith an 'n' sounds li(e the na%e, :8ane:, but the 'z' is %ore dental sounds -rett5 %uch li(e :el.: "the Ger%an 'e' is a little higher$ sounds li(e 'z ol.', but the 'o' is closer to
Grammatik .P$ ( Telling time =hours?

Ino#in% the numbers (rom 1 to 1*, ou c,n no# be%in ,skin% ,nd tellin% time in $erm,n:
Der =hrturm )on raz
GesprJch .P$ '#ei Hun%en, 6einrich und I,rl, sind Freunde: ;ie be%e%nen sich eines 2,chmitt,%s: Heinrich8 I,rl: Aie %ehtJsP Karl8 6,lloW Heinrich8 Aillst du spielenP Ich h,be einen ?,ll: Karl8 Aie sp/t ist esP Heinrich8 )s ist ein 3hr: Karl8 4,nn k,nn ich bis 7#ei 3hr spielen: Heinrich8 4,s ist %ut: Air spielen eine ;tunde l,n%W
.skin% (or the time is ,ccomplished b the sentence8 Wie s"#t ist es7 (>6o# l,te is itP>!: <he ,ns#er pl,ces the hour in the line %s ist IIII =hr (>It is __ oJclock>!, substitutin% the correct c,rdin,l v,lue (except ein is used inste,d o( eins!: Dne could ,lso ,sk8 Wie)iel =hr ist es7 (not used ver o(ten ,n more! or respond %s ist eins or %s ist drei, etc:K#hich m, be imprecise, unless the time is close to the hour: <he (ollo#in% sentences ,lso rel,te to tellin% time8 %r /ragt nach der =hrzeit1 Sie &egegnen sich eines Nachmittags1 %s ist hal& )ier1 %s ist Viertel nach zw<l/1 %s ist Viertel )or el/1 %s ist drei Viertel el/1U %s ist /*n/ )or neun1 %s ist /*n/ Minuten )or neun1 %s ist zehn nach el/1 %s ist zehn Minuten nach el/1 %s ist acht nach1 %s ist zehn )or1 6e ,sks the time: <he meet e,ch other one ,(ternoon: It is h,l( p,st three ("8"0!: It is , =u,rter ,(ter t#elve (1*810!: It is , =u,rter to eleven (10840!: It is , =u,rter to eleven (10840!: It is (ive minutes to (until! nine (0-800!: It is (ive minutes to (until! nine (0-800!: It is ten minutes ,(ter eleven (11810!: It is ten minutes ,(ter eleven (11810!: It is ei%ht minutes ,(ter the l,st (ull hour (PP80-!: It is ten minutes to (until! the next (ull hour (PP800!: It is bet#een three ,nd (our (0"8PP!: It is three minutes ,(ter eleven (1180"!: It is three minutes ,(ter eleven (1180"!:
%s ist drei durch1U %s ist el/ =hr drei %s ist el/ =hr und drei minuten U this is onl re%ion,l - m,n $erm,ns m, not underst,nd
Ino#in% ho# to express the =u,rter, h,l(, ,nd three =u,rter hours #ill ,llo# ou to %ive the time more precisel : Ae #ill, o( course, revisit this sub@ect: Dnce ou kno# ho# to count be ond t#elve, the hourJs division into 10 minutes c,n be expressed: .lso, $erm,ns (like most )urope,ns! utili7e #h,t is kno#n in .meric, ,s >milit,r time> or , *4-hour clock:
Vokabeln .P$
.lso included in the voc,bul,r (or Lesson " ,re the ordin,l ,nd c,rdin,l numbers 1 throu%h 1* (rom
!e$tion N ,bove:
der der das der die die der die das die &all !unge, die !ungen Dernen )ach%ittag Stunde Ehr Ehrtur% Ehrzeit 1iertel 8ahl, die 8ahlen ball bo5, bo5s learning, stud5 a.ternoon hour atch "ti%e-iece$; also :o'cloc(: cloc( to er ti%e, ti%e o. da5 Nuarter nu%ber, nu%bers until t o o'cloc( >er5 ell "lit.: :that is good:$ one "uns-eci.ied$ a.ternoon I can -la5 it is do 5ou ant ...? ".a%iliar .or%$ as( "a Nuestion$ -la5 count then hal., hal. a5 to about, a.ter late be.ore, until to
bis z ei Ehr das ist gut eines )ach%ittags ich (ann... s-ielen es ist illst du ...? .ragen s-ielen z#hlen dann halb nach s-#t >or zu 5ronunci,tion $uide MM
Grammatik .P+ ( Introduction to Douns

. noun is , (und,ment,l p,rt o( speech, occurrin% in sentences in t#o di((erent #, s8 ,s sub@ects (per(ormers o( ,ction!, or ob@ects (recipients o( ,ction!: .s , %ener,lit , , noun is the n,me o( , >person, pl,ce, or thin%>: 2ouns ,re cl,ssi(ied into proper nouns (e:%: >H,net>!, common nouns (e:%: >%irl>!, ,nd pronouns (e:%: >she> ,nd >#hich>!: . proper noun (,lso c,lled "ro"er name! is , noun #hich denotes , uni=ue entit : <he me,nin% o( , proper noun, outside o( #h,t it re(erences, is (re=uentl ,rbitr,r or irrelev,nt ((or ex,mple, someone mi%ht be n,med <i%er ;mith despite bein% neither , ti%er nor , smith!: ?ec,use o( this, the ,re o(ten not tr,nsl,ted bet#een l,n%u,%es, ,lthou%h the m, be tr,nsliter,ted K (or ex,mple, the $erm,n surn,me >InRdel> becomes >Inoedel> in )n%lish, ,s opposed to >4umplin%>: 5roper nouns ,re c,pit,li7ed in )n%lish ,nd ,ll other l,n%u,%es th,t use the L,tin ,lph,betB this is one #, to reco%ni7e them: 6o#ever, in German both proper and common nouns are capitali-ed (,s ,re cert,in (orm,l pronounsB see $r,mm,tik *-"!:
Grammatik .P. ( Gender of Douns

Ae h,ve seen evidence o( #ord %ender in the pronouns #e h,ve been enounterin%B not,bl JheJ, JsheJ, ,nd JitJ in )n%lish ,nd er, sie, ,nd es in $erm,n: Hust like m,n other l,n%u,%es (but not )n%lish!, $erm,n h,s genders (or nouns ,s #ell: 2oun %ender is indic,ted b the de/inite article, #hich should ,l#, s be le,rned ,s p,rt o( the noun: For this re,son, nouns presented in e,ch lessonJs Vo$a&eln include the %ender ,ppropri,te de(inite ,rticle:
5efinite Articles
<he de(inite ,rticle (&estimmter Arti$el! is e=uiv,lent to ,n )n%lish JtheJ, ,nd the three b,sic %ender (orms o( de(inite ,rticles in $erm,n ,re ,s (ollo#s8 der m,sculine
die (eminine das neuter <o s, Jthe bookJ in $erm,n, ou #ould s, das Buch, bec,use Buch is , neuter noun: <o s, Jthe m,nJ in $erm,n, ou #ould s, der Mann, bec,use Mann is , masculine noun: <o s, Jthe #om,nJ in $erm,n, ou #ould s, die Frau, bec,use Frau is , feminine noun: 2oun %ender does not ,l#, s derive (rom ,ctu,l %ender #here %ender mi%ht be ,pplic,ble: For ex,mple, Jthe bo J is der Junge (masculine!B but Jthe %irlJ is das M#dchen (neuter!: .lso, nouns th,t h,ve no inherent %ender ,re not necess,ril neuter: From this lesson8 Jthe #,tch or time pieceJ is die =hr (J(eminineJ!: ?ec,use $erm,n is %ener,ll more structured th,n )n%lish, it is import,nt #hen le,rnin% $erm,n nouns to ,l#, s le,rn them #ith their %ender correct de(inite ,rticleB ,nd in the Vo$a&eln nouns ,re ,l#, s %iven #ith their ,ssoci,ted de(inite ,rticle: <h,t is, ou must memori7e the #ord (or JbookJ in $erm,n ,s das Buch, not simpl Buch: 2ot @ust de(inite ,rticles, but inde(inite ,rticles ,nd ,d@ectives h,ve endin%s th,t must m,tch the %ender o( the noun the preceed: 3sin% the #ron% %ender c,n ,lter the me,nin% o( , $erm,n sentence, so in (ormin% , proper sentence #ith Buch, ou #ill need to kno#n th,t it is , neuter noun:
Indefinite Articles
in ,ddition to the de(inite ,rticlesK>the> in )n%lish ,nd der-#ords in $erm,nKdiscussed ,bove, both l,n%u,%es h,ve indefinite articles (un&estimmter Arti$el!: Inde(inite ,rticles preceed nouns in the s,me #, th,t de(inite ,rticles do, but conve , %ener,l or inde(inite sense: <hese ,re >,> or >,n> in )n%lish: <hus, Jthe bookJ or das Buch re(ers to , de(inite or speci(ic book, #here,s J, bookJ or ein Buch is inde(inite ,bout #hich book is re(erred to: Inde(inite ,rticles ,lso h,ve %ender ,s sho#n here8 ein der m,sculine
eine die (eminine
ein
das neuter
6ere ,re some ex,mples o( inde(inite ,rticles (underlined! used in $erm,n sentences8 9ch ha&e einen Ball1 I h,ve , b,ll: Heute lesen wir ein Buch1 <od, #e re,d , book: Mar$us tri//t einen Studenten au/ der Stra6e1 N,rk meets , student on the street: Die esch#/tsleute ha&en eine Antwort1 <he business people h,ve ,n ,ns#er: %in Freund s"ielt Ball mit ihm1 . (riend pl, s b,ll #ith him: Ah , ou ,sk, ,re there #ords like einen in some sentences ,boveK, spellin% th,t does not ,ppe,r in the %ender t,bleP <he t,bles (or both the de(inite ,nd inde(inite ,rticles ,bove ,re simpli(ied ,t this st,%e, %ivin% onl ,rticles in the nomin,tive c,se (,pplied to #ords th,t ,re sub@ects o( verbs!: In the ver next lesson ou #ill st,rt to ,ddress ,ll the other c,ses in $erm,n: 6o#ever, the nominative case is the one used to si%ni( the %ender o( , noun, ,s in our Vo$a&eln:
Vokabeln .P+
das die der das der &uch Frau =ndel M#dchen Mann boo( o%an du%-ling "5oung$ girl %an read
lesen 5ronunci,tion $uide MM
Tberset-ung .P$
<r,nsl,te the (ollo#in% sentences into $erm,n8 1: *: ": 4: 0: 1: &: -: I ,m re,din% until ten oJclock: It is nine thirt : It is , =u,rter to ten: F,th is , student ,t the universit : ;he meets N,rk on the street: 6enr h,s , b,ll: <he %irl is , (riend: Nr: ;mith h,s , =uestion:
.nt#orten M
Lesson +%&0 ' Eine Geschichte Aber 9Arich
LesestAck 0P$ ( Eine Geschichte Aber 9Arich

'Crich ist die %rRVte ;t,dt der ;ch#ei7: ;ie lie%t ,m .us(luss des 'Crichsees und ist die 6,uptst,dt des %leichn,mi%en I,ntons, des I,ntons 'Crich: 'Crich ist ,us%esprochen schRn %ele%en, ,m nRrdlichen )nde des 'CrichseesKbei kl,rem Aetter h,t m,n eine %ute ;icht ,u( die $l,rner .lpen: 'Crich ist d,s 'entrum der sch#ei7er ?,nken#irtsch,(t: 2eben den beiden $rossb,nken (JFredit ;uisseJ und J3?;J! h,ben ,uch etliche kleinere ?,nkinstitute ihren ;it7 in der ;t,dt:
.lthou%h this short stor cont,ins =uite , number o( impressive $erm,n nouns ,nd ,d@ectives, #ith the ,id o( Vo$a&eln O;0 (ollo#in% ou should h,ve no trouble re,din% ,nd underst,ndin% it: <he p,ss,%e m,kes consider,ble use o( the $erm,n %enitive c,se ()n%lish possessive c,se!, #hich ou h,ve not et le,rned: 6o#ever, , clue ,pplic,ble here8 tr,nsl,te des ,s >o( the> or >o(> ,nd note there ,re other der#ords th,t ,lso me,n >o( the>:
Vokabeln 0P$
die ,l-en der ,us.luss die &an(institute die &an(en irtscha.t das /nde die Grossban(en die Hau-tstadt das Haus der =anton das Desest+c( die Sch eiz die Sicht der Sitz das Wetter das 8entru% das 8+rich S itzerland$ der 8+richsee d.h. "das hei*t$ Glarner ,l-en ,l-s outlet, e..luence ban(ing institutes ban(ing business end %a'or ban(s ca-ital cit5 house canton reading -assage S itzerland >ie o..ice eather center "centre$ 8urich Da(e 8urich i.e. ":that is: in Datin$ Glarner ,l-s "o. a la(e$
"S iss state$
"cit5 and canton in
%an hat... nach Hause ho%e:$ anru.en geben "gab, gegeben$ (o%%en "(a%, ge(o%%en$ liegen "lag, gelegen$ a% "an de%$ ausges-rochen bei beiden etliche gleichna%ig gr*te (lar (lein neben nrdlich sch eizer
one has... "to ard$ ho%e
"co%-are: zu H!use T :at
call, tele-hone gi>e co%e lie "la5, lain$ at the %ar(edl5 in t o a nu%ber o., Nuite a .e , se>eral sa%e na%ed largest clear s%all besides northern o. or -ertaining to S iss
Grammatik 0P$ ( Introduction to adFectives

.n adFective is , p,rt o( speech #hich c,n be thou%ht o( ,s , >describin% #ord>Kt pic,ll , ,n ,d@ective modi(ies , noun: In both )n%lish ,nd $erm,n, ,d@ectives come be(ore the noun the describe or modi( : In m,n other l,n%u,%es (such ,s French! the usu,ll come ,(ter the noun: 6ere ,re some ex,mples o( ,d@ectives (underlined! ou h,ve ,lre,d encountered8 I h,ve much #ork: Ae h,ve no cheese: In cle,r #e,ther, one h,s , %ood Bei $larem Wetter hat man eine gute Sicht1 vie# 'Crich ist die %rRVte ;t,dt: 'urich is the l,r%est cit : ?ec,use nouns ,re c,pit,li7ed in $erm,n, it is (,irl obvious in these sentences #here the ,d@ectives occur8 @ust be(ore the nouns the modi( : 2ote ho# the endin%s on $erm,n ,d@ectives c,n ch,n%e, dependin% upon the noun ($einen K#seB $larem WetterB gute Sicht!Kspeci(ic,ll , the gender ,nd case o( the noun the ,re modi( in%: ?e(ore expl,inin% the b,sic rules %overnin% ,d@ective endin%s, ou need to h,ve , better underst,ndin% o( person, %ender, ,nd c,se in $erm,n nounsKconcepts th,t #ill be explored in the next (e# lessons: Fin,ll , re,li7e th,t the ordinal numbers ou le,rned in Lektion " ,re, in (,ct, ,d@ectivesKsub@ect to the s,me rules %overnin% #ord endin%s (or ,d@ectives: Wer ist das dritte M#dchen7 Aho is the third %irlP Wir )erstehen nur die erste !e$tion1 Ae underst,nd onl the /irst lesson: 9ch ha&e )iel Ar&eit1 Wir ha&en $einen K#se1
GesprJch 0P$ ( 5as neue BJdchen

N,rkus und 6elen, sind Freunde: Mar$us8 Len,, #er ist d,s neue N/dchenP 4ie ?rCnette dort drCben: Helena8 Ich %l,ube, sie heiVt JI,rolineJ: Mar$us8 ;ie ist sehr schRn: Helena8 ;ie ist hCbsch, #enn m,n kleine N/dchen mit l,n%en dunklen 6,,ren m,%: Mar$us8 H,: Ihre 6,,re %e(,llen mir sehr: Helena8 N,rkus, du bist ein FerkelW
<his short convers,tion,l p,ss,%e cont,ins more ex,mples o( ,d@ectives:
Vokabeln 0P+
die die das das &r+nette Haare M#dchen Fer(el brunette hair"s$ girl -iglet a--eal to belie>e na%e, call li(e, desire, there o>er there dar( her cute short long ne i. ho?
ge"allen glauben hei*en %ag dort "dort$ dr+ben dun(el ihr h+bsch (lein lang neue enn er? 5ronunci,tion $uide MM
ish
Grammatik 0P+ ( Douns and pronouns in the accusative and dative

.s #,s noted previousl #hen the concept o( case #,s introduced (or pronouns ($r,mm,tik *-*!, there ,re (our c,ses used in $erm,n: +ec,ll th,t the nominative c,se in $erm,n corresponds to the su&8ecti)e case in )n%lish ,nd ,pplies to nouns ,nd pronouns used in , sentence ,s the sub@ect o( , verb: 2ouns (,nd pronouns! th,t ,re used ,s ob@ects o( tr,nsitive (,ction! verbs ,re in the )n%lish ob@ective c,se: I( these ,re direct obFects (recipients o( the ,ction o( , verb!, then these nouns ,re in
the accusative case in $erm,n: I( indirect obFects, then these nouns ,re in the dative case in $erm,n: )ssenti,ll , the )n%lish o&8ecti)e case is divided, in $erm,n, into ,n ,ccus,tive c,se used (or direct ob@ects ,nd , d,tive c,se used (or indirect ob@ects:
Pronouns
For comp,rison #ith )n%lish, rec,ll th,t the sin%ul,r person,l pronouns (nominati)e case! ,re >I>, > ou>, ,nd >he9she9it> (1st, *nd, ,nd "rd persons!: <he o&8ecti)e case, person,l pronouns in )n%lish ,re >me>, > ou>, ,nd >him9her9it>K,nd ,re used (or both direct ,nd indirect ob@ects o( verbs: For ex,mple8 6e %ives it [the 4irect Db@ect] to me [the Indirect Db@ect]: <he $erm,n accusative case, person,l pronouns (sin%ul,r! ,re8 mich' dich' ihnCsieCes: <he $erm,n dative case, person,l pronouns (sin%ul,r! ,re8 mir, dir, ihmCihrCihm: <hus, the ,bove )n%lish ex,mple sentence becomes, in $erm,n8 %r gi&t es [the 4irect Db@ect] mir [the Indirect Db@ect]: ?ec,use mir is , d,tive pronoun, there is no need in $erm,n to use , modi(ier ,s in )n%lish, #here >to> is used ,s , si%n,l o( ,n indirect ob@ect: <he (ollo#in% t,ble summ,ri7es the $erm,n pronouns in three c,ses (or both sin%ul,r ,nd plur,l number8 ;in%ul,r 2DN: 1st person ich .FF: mich 4.<: mir ihm, ihr, ihm 5lur,l 2DN: ir .FF: uns 4.<: uns
*nd person du (!ieU! dich (!ieU! dir (IhnenU! "rd person er, sie, es ihn, sie, es U 5olite (orm
ihr (!ieU! euch (!ieU! euch (IhnenU! sie sie ihnen
+ec,ll (rom $espr/ch *-1 the >incomplete> sentence =nd 9hnen7 (J.nd ouPJ!: 2ote th,t the pronoun ,%rees in c,se (here, d,tive! #ith the implied sentence K =nd wie geht es 9hnen7 <he s,me rule is evident in $espr/ch 1-1 (=nd dir7!: ;uch ,%reement is import,nt to conve the correct me,nin%: <,bles %ivin% the $erm,n person,l pronouns in ,ll c,ses c,n be (ound in ,n ,ppendix8 5ronoun <,bles:
Douns
2ouns do not ch,n%e their (orm (spellin%! rel,tive to c,se in $erm,nB inste,d, , precedin% ,rticle indic,tes c,se: Lou h,ve le,rned the nomin,tive c,se de(inite ,nd inde(inite ,rticles ($r,mm,tik "-"8 der, die, das ,nd ein, eine: ein! (or e,ch o( the three noun %enders: 2o# #e #ill le,rn the accusati)e (used to si%n,l , direct ob@ect! ,nd dati)e (used to si%n,l ,n indirect ob@ect! ,rticles: First, the de(inite ,rticles8 ;in%ul,r 5lur,l
2DN: .FF: 4.<: N,sculine der Feminine die 2euter das den die das dem der dem
2DN: .FF: 4.<: die die die die die die den den den
<his t,ble mi%ht seem , bit over#helmin% (,nd there is et one more c,se in $erm,n8 the %enitiveW!, but some points to note c,n m,ke memori7in% much e,sier: First, ,s ou c,n see (rom the t,ble, gender does not re,ll exist (or plur,l nouns: 2o m,tter #h,t the noun %ender in its sin%ul,r number, its plur,l ,l#, s h,s the s,me set o( de(inite ,rticles8 die, die, den (or nomin,tive, ,ccus,tive, ,nd d,tive c,ses: <he plur,l der-#ords ,re simil,r to the (eminine sin%ul,r der-#ords, di((erin% onl in the d,tive c,se: .nother point8 the d,tive (or both m,sculine ,nd neuter nouns is the s,me8 dem: Fin,ll , (or (eminine, neuter, ,nd plur,l nouns, there is no ch,n%e bet#een nomin,tive ,nd ,ccus,tive c,ses: <hus, onl (or m,sculine nouns is there , de(inite ,rticle ch,n%e in the ,ccus,tive comp,red #ith the nomin,tive: <he (ollo#in% ex,mples demonstr,te the use o( the de(inite ,rticle in v,rious p,rts o( speech8 Du hast die Wurst und den K#se1 Lou h,ve the s,us,%e ,nd the cheese: (,ccus,tive c,se! Die esch#/tsleute )erstehen die <he business ,ssoci,tes underst,nd (nomin,tive ,nd ,ccus,tive Ar&eit the #ork: c,ses! D*rich ist die gr<6te Stadt1 'urich is the l,r%est cit : (nomin,tive c,se! In the l,st ex,mple, ou need to kno# th,t in both )n%lish ,nd $erm,n, the noun (or pronoun! th,t (ollo#s the verb Jto beJ is , predicate noun, (or #hich the correct c,se is the nominative: <h,t is #h , in )n%lish, JIt is IJ is %r,mm,tic,ll correct ,nd JIt is meJ is simpl incorrect: <he inde(inite ,rticles ,re ,s (ollo#s8 ;in%ul,r 2DN: .FF: 4.<: N,sculine ein Feminine eine 2euter ein einen einem eine ein einer einem
D( course, there ,re no plur,l inde(inite ,rticles in $erm,n or )n%lish (ein me,ns >,>: >,n>, or >one>!: It is import,nt to see th,t there is , p,ttern in the c,se endin%s ,dded to ein rel,ted to the der-#ords in the de(inite ,rticles t,ble ,bove: For ex,mple, the d,tive de(inite ,rticle (or m,sculine nouns is demKthe inde(inite ,rticle is (ormed b ,ddin% ;em onto ein to %et einem: <he d,tive de(inite ,rticle (or (eminine nouns is derKthe inde(inite is ein plus ;er or einer: <hese endin% ch,n%es #ill be covered in %re,ter det,il in , (uture lesson: Lou #ill see th,t there ,re , number o( #ords (,d@ectives, (or ex,mple! #hose (orm rel,tive ch,n%es b ,ddition o( these endin%s to si%n,l the c,se o( the noun the modi( : Fin,ll , #e c,n see , p,ttern rel,tionship bet#een these >endin%s> ,nd the "rd person pronouns ,s #ell8 2DN: .FF: 4.<: N,sculine inde(: ,rticle ein eine einen einem ihn eine ihm einer "rd pers: pronoun er
Feminine inde(: ,rticle
"rd pers: pronoun sie 2euter inde(: ,rticle ein "rd pers: pronoun es
sie ein es
ihr einem ihm
Ae could construct , simil,r t,ble to comp,re the de(inite ,rticles to the "rd person pronouns: .nd in th,t c,se, #e #ould ,lso see ho# the plur,l de(inite ,rticles (die, die, den! comp,re #ith the third person plur,l pronouns (sie, sie, ihnen!:
Grammatik 0P. ( Interrogatives

Lou h,ve encountered ne,rl ,ll o( the interrogatives commonl used in $erm,n (revie# $r,mm,tik 1-*!8
w!nn w!rum w!s wer wie wie(iel w w hin hen h5 hat ho ho ho %uch here here "to$ W!rum sind Sie m/de0 W!s ist d!s0 Wer ist d!s 1dchen0 Wie geht es dir0 Wie(iel 'hr ist es0 W ist d!s Buch0 W hin gehst du0
In , =uestion, interro%,tives repl,ce the unkno#n ob@ect ,nd est,blish the cl,ss o( ,ns#er expected: Ah,t do ou h,veP ()xpected is , Jthin%J! 6o# much #ork is too Wie)iel Ar&eit ist zu )iel7 ()xpected is , J=u,ntit J! muchP Wann gehst du nach Hause7 Ahen do ou %o homeP ()xpected is , sense o( JtimeJ! Wo ist der D*richsee7 Ahere is L,ke 'urichP ()xpected is , Jpl,ceJ! 2ote th,t the )n%lish construction (or some o( the =uestions di((ers (rom the $erm,n in th,t the (ormer uses the pro%ressive (orm o( >do>: Was ha&en Sie7
Tberset-ung 0P$
<r,nsl,te the (ollo#in% sentences into $erm,n8 1: <he h,ve , %ood vie# o( the .lps: *: L,ke 'urich is ver be,uti(ul: .nt#orten M
/evie +%&$
Wiederholung
Lesson 0 is , revie# (Wiederholung! lesson to summ,ri7e the $erm,n l,n%u,%e lessons presented in Lessons 1 throu%h 4: Lou should, then, return to Lektion 1 ,nd revie# (th,t is, rere,d! e,ch o( the (our lessons b,ck up to this point: For , more ,dv,nced course, ou mi%ht no# incorpor,te e,ch o( the ,dv,nced lessons into this >revie#> process: <h,t is8 revie# Lesson 1, then do Lesson 1., revie# Lesson *, then do Lesson *., etc:
Parts of !peech and Word "rder

;entences ,re composed o( p,rts th,t per(orm speci(ic (unctions: Lou h,ve been introduced to most (but not ,ll! the m,@or p,rts o( speech8 pronouns9nouns, verbs, ,nd ,d@ectivesB ,nd ho# these ,re expressed in $erm,n comp,red #ith )n%lish: Fonsider the (ollo#in%8 8ch brauche Wurst und (se I (pronoun ,s sub@ect! need (verb! s,us,%e ,nd cheese (nouns ,s direct ob@ects! 3aben sie zu .iel Arbeit9 6,ve (verb! the (pronoun sub@ect! too much (,d@ectives! #ork (noun direct ob@ect!P Aord order in , simple sentence (ollo#s th,t used in )n%lish: ;ub@ect ,nd verb ,re reversed to (orm , =uestion: In )n%lish, but not in $erm,n, the =uestion sentence could ,lso be st,ted (,nd, in (,ct, occurs more o(ten in the 3;! ,s J4o the h,ve too much #orkPJ
Douns
2ouns ,re #ords th,t t pic,ll occur in sentences ,s either sub@ects (per(ormers o( some ,ction! or ob@ects (recipients o( some ,ction!: Nost nouns ,re the n,me o( either , >person, pl,ce, or thin%> ,nd, in $erm,n, ,re ,l#, s c,pit,li7ed: )ver noun in $erm,n h,s ,n >,ssi%ned> %ender (m,sculine, (eminine, neuter!, ,nd #e le,rn e,ch noun #ith its nomin,tive c,se, de(inite ,rticle (der, die, das, respectivel ! in order to ,lso le,rn th,t %ender: <hus, , Vo$a&eln section (or nouns is presented thusl 8
der die der das die die ,nhang, die ,nh#nge &r+c(e Freund, die Freunde Ges-r#ch, die Ges-r#che Gra%mati( De(tion a--endiH, a--endices "singular and -lural$ bridge .riend, .riends "singular and -lural$ con>ersation, con>ersations gra%%ar "note irregular stress$ lesson "note irregular stress$
die Stra*e
street
Section 4054 7 2)rich S"itzerland
Lesson +%&2 ' 5ie Wohnung
GesprJch 3P$ ( Ein Eruder besucht Barkus

N,rkus studiert ?iolo%ie ,n der 3niversit/t: )r besucht die Eorlesun%en und d,nn %eht er n,ch 6,use: )r #ohnt nicht bei seinen )lternB er mietet sich eine kleine Aohnun%: ;ie h,t nur drei 'immer: $e%en .bend 7ei%t er sie seinem ?ruder: Mar$us8 I,rl: 6ereinW Karl8 <,%, N,rkusW Nutti %rCVt dich: I,rl sieht sich um: Karl8 Nir %e(/llt deine Aohnun%: Mar$us8 4,nke: ;ie h,t drei 'immer: )s %ibt eine ICche, ein Aohn7immer, und ein ;chl,(7immer: Karl8 Ich h,be sie %ernW
Mar$us8
<his incomplete stor ,nd convers,tion introduces terms (or items ,round the house (or ,p,rtment!:
Vokabeln 3P$
der die die das die die das das &ruder /ltern =+che Schla.zi%%er 1orlesung Wohnung Wohnzi%%er 8i%%er, die 8i%%er brother -arents (itchen bedroo% class, instruction a-art%ent, .lat li>ing roo% roo%"s$ there is to ards e>ening li(e 4o%e in! loo( around sho >isit, attend greet rent
"at a uni>ersit5$
es gibt gegen ,bend gern haben Herein! sich u%sehen zeigen besuchen gr+*en %ieten
"i.e., :to
gladl5 ha>e:$
"classes$
sein
his
"a -ossesi>e ad'ecti>e$
Grammatik 3%$ ( Introduction to verb conFugations

In $erm,n, ever %r,mm,tic,l person h,s, or potenti,ll h,s, its o#n uni=ue verb (orm: 4escribin% the v,rious verb (orms is c,lled verb conFugation: <his v,ri,tion in verb (orm is cert,inl one o( the thin%s th,t m,kes $erm,n %r,mm,r some#h,t di((icult (or )n%lish spe,kers to le,rn: In )n%lish, onl the "rd person sin%ul,r mi%ht di((er (rom the verb (orm used #ith ,ll o( the other persons (see $r,mm,tik 1-"! ,nd th,t di((erence is m,de b ,ddin% ,n endin% o( JsJ or JesJ: For ex,mple8 I9 ou9#e9the J%oJ, but he9she9it J%oesJ: Let us h,ve , closer look ,t $erm,n verbs: 3su,ll , the in(initive (orm o( , verb in $erm,n ends #ith -enK(or ex,mples, consider these verbs ou h,ve ,lre,d le,rned8 gehen (J%oJ!, ha&en (Jh,veJ!, ,nd studieren (Jstud J!: In order to >build> the di((erent verb (orms (th,t is, con@u%,te , verb!, (irst cut o(( the J-enJ endin% (rom the in(initive: <hen ,ppend , ne# endin% ,ccordin% to the %r,mm,tic,l person: For regular verbs it #orks essenti,ll ,s (ollo#s8 pronoun verb ich du #ir ihr %ehe %ehst in )n%lish8 I ou %o %o %o
er9sie9es %eht %eht
he9she9it %oes ou (pl:! %o
%ehen #e
sie %ehen the %o .s ou see in this ex,mple usin% the verb gehen, the sin%ul,r 1st person ends #ith -e, the *nd person #ith -st ,nd "rd person (no m,tter #h,t %ender! ends #ith -t: .s (or the plur,l (orms, note th,t 1st ,nd "rd person in plur,l number (see $r,mm,tik 1-"! ,re built the s,me #, ,s the in(initive: .%,in note th,t, in )n%lish, onl the verb (orm (or the "rd person sin%ul,r is >uni=ue>: .n e,s #, to remeber the re%ul,r verb endin%s is the (ollo#in% mnemonic >Eleph,nts st,ndin% to%ether en@o trumpetin% endlessl >: ;eems simple enou%h: 6o#ever, re,li7e #e ,re discussin% here onl the re%ul,r verb (orms in the present tense (4r#sens!: Lou #ill le,rn =uite soon th,t, un(ortun,l , there ,re m,n exceptions (rom these simple rules: .n import,nt one is the irregular verb sein (Jto beJ! #hich is irre%ul,r in )n%lish ,s #ell (I ,m, ou ,re, he is::::!: pronoun verb in )n%lish8 ich du #ir ihr bin bist sind seid I ou he9she9it #e ,m ,re is ,re
er9sie9es ist
ou (plur,l! ,re
sie sind the ,re .t le,st 1st ,nd "rd person plur,l ,re the s,me: .nother import,nt verb is ha&en (Jto h,veJ!8 pronoun verb ich du #ir ihr h,be h,st h,ben h,bt in )n%lish8 I ou he9she9it #e h,ve h,ve h,s h,ve
er9sie9es h,t
ou (plur,l! h,ve
sie h,ben the h,ve Lou see, itJs not too irre%ul,rKonl the *nd ,nd "rd person sin%ul,r constitute , sm,ll exception since the JbJ h,s v,nished: )n%lish is some#h,t curious in this respect ,s #ell8 JI h,veJ, but Jhe h,sJ: Future lessons #ill introduce ou to the m,n irregular verbs in $erm,n: ?ut ou should no# reco%ni7e #h,t is h,ppenin% to the verbs in $erm,n sentences: <he ,re re(lectin% the person ,nd number o( their nomin,tive c,se sub@ects: +ec,ll these sentences (rom p,st lessons (verbs underlined here!8
2!nke, es geht mir gut gehen$ *ch h!.e (iel 3r.eit *st er zu Besuch0 2u .ist ein Schwein4 Wie hei-en Sie0 -ronoun is .or%al$ Wir spielen eine Stunde l!ng4 Sie liegt !m 3us%luss des Z/richsees" is liegen$ 9han(s, it goes ell ith %e ">erb is I ha>e %uch or( ">erb is h!.en$ Is he >isiting? ">erb is sein$ ?ou are a -ig! ">erb is sein$ What are 5ou called? ">erb is hei-en, and We -la5 .or one hour! ">erb is spielen$ It lies at the outlet o. Da(e 8urich ">erb
Grammatik 2%+ ( #ase in German nouns

<hrou%h our discussions on the person,l pronouns, ou h,ve le,rned ho# pronouns h,ve case: 2ouns ,lso h,ve c,seK,nd in $erm,n, noun c,se c,n be expressed b the de(inite ,rticle (der!: +ec,ll this t,ble (rom Lektion "8 der m,sculine
die (eminine das neuter <hese der-#ords re(lect noun gender in the nomin,tive c,seK,ppropri,te #henever , noun is used ,s the sub@ect o( , sentence: For other c,ses, the der #ords ch,n%e: )xp,ndin% the t,ble to present nomin,tive (2DN:!, ,ccus,tive (.FF:!, d,tive (4.<:!, ,nd %enitive ($)2:! c,ses8 D"B% A##% 5AT% GED% der den dem des m,sculine
die das die
die das die
der dem den
der des der
(eminine neuter plural
2ote, there ,re ,lso der-#ord (orms to be used (or plur,l nouns: Fortun,tel , these ,re the s,me, no m,tter #h,t the %ender o( the sin%ul,r noun: For (uture re(erence, ou c,n (ind the der-#ords summ,ri7ed in .nh/n%e 4rei: <he (ollo#in% ex,mples demonstr,te the use o( the de(initive ,rticle in v,rious p,rts o( speech8
2u h!st die Wurst und den ,se" 2ie Gesch%tsleute (erstehen die 3r.eit or(. Sie liegt !m 3us%luss des Z/richsees" 8urich. ?ou ha>e the sausage and the cheese. "accusati>e case$ 9he business associates understand the "no%inati>e and accusati>e cases$ It lies at the outlet o. "the$ Da(e
"geniti>e case$ Z/rich ist die gr-te St!dt der Schweiz" 8urich is the largest cit5 in "o. the$ S itzerland. "no%inati>e and geniti>e cases$
In the l,st ex,mple, remember th,t in both )n%lish ,nd $erm,n, the noun (or pronoun! th,t (ollo#s the verb Jto beJ is , predic,te noun, (or #hich the correct c,se is the nominative: <h,t is #h , in )n%lish, JIt is IJ is %r,mm,tic,ll correct ,nd JIt is meJ is incorrect: ;o consider the (ollo#in% (,nd note th,t c,se o( e,ch de(inite ,rticle is the s,me ,s in the l,st ex,mple ,bove!8
Z/rich ist der ,!nt n der gleichn!migen St!dt" na%ed cit5. 8urich is the canton o. the sa%e
Grammatik 3%. ( #ommands

5u% sie !n, .itte4 or 5u% sie .itte !n4 Gehen Sie n!ch H!use4 , mmt mit4 Gi. es mir4 4all her, -lease. Go ho%e ".or%al$. 4o%e ith "-lural$! Gi>e %e it!
2otice th,t in these sentences there ,re no sub@ects (except (or T*!: In $erm,n, ,s in )n%lish, there is , commandati)e /orm, , #, to dem,nd somethin% usin% ,n understood ou: In )n%lish, there is onl one ou-(orm ,nd one comm,nd (orm: In $erm,n, since there ,re three ouJs, there ,re three #, s to comm,nd: I( the sub@ect is sin%ul,r (du!, then the verb h,s no endin%: I( it is irre%ul,r, it t,kes the du-(orm, such ,s in essen (IssW! or lesen (LiesW!: I( there is , plur,l sub@ect (ihr!, then the verb t,kes the ihr-(orm: 2othin% else is ch,n%ed: Nost o( the time, ihr-comm,nds ,re used #ith children, but th,t is not ,l#, s the c,se: In both o( these sentences, the du or ihr is omitted:
Form,l is norm,l: <he Sie st, s (,(ter the verb! ,nd the verb is in its (orm,l (orm: .lthou%h it is #orded like , =uestion, in #ritten or spoken (orm, it is e,s to tell the di((erence:
Lesson +%&3 ' Bathematik
Lernen 4 ( 9Jhlen von $. bis $&&

Dnce ou h,ve memori7ed the numbers (rom 1 to 1* (see Lernen "!, countin% hi%her in $erm,n becomes ver much like countin% in )n%lish: From 1" to 19, ,dd ;zehn (10B >-teen> in )n%lish! ,(ter the c,rdin,l number root8 1" a dreizehn (irre%ul,r in )n%lish8 JthirteenJ! 14 a )ierzehn 10 a /*n/zehn 11 a sechzehn (note th,t the JsJ in sechs is dropped! 1& a sie&zehn (note th,t the JenJ in sie&en is dropped! 1- a achtzehn 19 a neunzehn .bove 19 the countin% s stem is const,nt8 ,dd ;zig (>-t > in )n%lish! to the c,rdin,l root: <hus, #e %et8 *0 a zwanzig *1 a einundzwanzig (note8 Jone-,nd-t#ent J! ** a zweiundzwanzig (note8 Jt#o-,nd-t#ent J! .nd the s,me (or "0, 40, 00::::etc: "0 a drei6ig (this is ,n exception to the -7i% +ule! 40 a )ierzig 00 a /*n/zig 10 a sechzig &0 a sie&zig -0 a achtzig 90 a neunzig 100 a hundert ;o, combinin% these, #e %et8 "4 a )ierunddrei6ig (note8 J(our-,nd-thirt J! 14" a hundertdreiund)ierzig (note8 Jhundred-three-,nd-(ort J! 1&0 a hundertsie&zig 199 a hundertneunundneunzig It #ould be excellent pr,ctice to#,rds le,rnin% these numbers b countin% (in $erm,n, o( course! (rom
1 to 199Kor countin% ,lon% ,n continuous se=uence th,t comes to mind: For ex,mple, st,rt #ith our ,%e ,nd count to 00 (count do#n i( ,ppropri,te!:
Grammatik 4P$ ( Bath #alculations

<he (ollo#in% t,ble presents the s mbols used (or b,sic m,them,tics:
> "lus P
minus
U mal V geteiltCdi)idiert durch S ist gleich W ist gr<6er als X ist $leiner als .Y drei hoch zwei
Ae c,n use these s mbols to ,sk ,nd ,ns#er simple problems in m,them,tics: ;ome o( the ex,mples th,t (ollo# include (irst , =uestion (Frage! ,nd then the ,ns#er (Antwort!8
Wie(iel ist sechs und sie.en0 Ho %uch is U and V? Sechs und sie.en ist dreizehn U and V is @C Wie(iel ist %/n%zig plus !chtzehn0 Ho %uch is KQ W @L? &/n%zig plus !chtzehn ist gleich !chtundsechzig KQ W @L T UL Wie(iel ist sie.zig minus zehn0 Ho %uch is VQ 2 @Q? Sie.zig minus zehn ist gleich sechzig VQ 2 @Q T UQ Wie(iel ist neun durch drei0 Ho %uch is F di>ided b5 C? Neun durch drei ist gleich drei F X C T C &un% ist gr-er !ls zwei K Y A 3cht ist kleiner !ls sie.zehn L Z @V
Vokabeln 4P$
Fountin% to 199 is ,lso included in the voc,bul,r (or !e$tion P:
die ,nt ort die Frage ans er Nuestion
geteiltGdi>idiert durch o>er [%ath\ gr*er als greater than (leiner als s%aller than geteiltGdi>idiert gleich hoch %al %inus -lus di>ided, .or(ed, s-lit eNual, sa%e, e>en tall, to the -o er o. [%ath\ ti%es [%ath\ %inus -lus
ie>iel?
ho
%uch?
Lesson +%&4 ' BeinG 5einG und !ein
Grammatik 6P$ ( #olors

ello#8 %elb blue8 bl,u red8 rot bl,ck8 sch#,r7 #hite8 #eiV or,n%e8 or,n%e pink8 pink violet8 lil, c ,n8 tCrkis bro#n8 br,un %re 8 %r,u li%ht-%re 8 hell%r,u d,rk-%re 8 dunkel%r,u
Grammatik 6P+ ( Possessive AdFectivesG PronounsG and the Genitive #ase

+ec,ll the (ollo#in% (rom $espr/ch "-18 I,rl8 Ja1 =nd danach &ringst du mich au/ deinem Motorrad zu meiner Wohnung: Ahich tr,nsl,tes8 F,rl8 JLes: .nd ,(ter th,t t,ke me on our motorc cle to m ,p,rtmentJ: <he sentence demonstr,tes t#o o( the possessive adFectives: <hese ,re (sin%ul,r! Jm J, J ourJ, ,nd Jhis9her9itsJ in )n%lish ,nd mein, dein, ,nd seinCihrCsein in $erm,n: 2ote th,t bec,use these ,re ,d@ectives, the #ord endin% must re(lect the c,se ,nd %ender o( the noun bein% modi(ied (see $r,mm,tik 4-1 ,bove!: In $erm,n, the genitive case correspond to the )n%lish possessive c,se or to the ob@ective c,se proceeded b o/ to denote possession: I( the possessive is not (ollo#ed b , noun, it becomes , possessive pronoun: In %ener,l, possessive pronouns ,re r,ther r,rel used in $erm,n (see 5ronoun
<,bles!: 2DN: .FF: 4.<: 5D;;: .4H: I, me ou he, him she, her it #e, us ou (,ll! the , them ich du er sie es wir ihr sie mich dich ihn sie es uns euch sie Sie mir dir ihm ihr ihm uns euch mein dein sein ihr sein unser eurer
ihnen ihr 9hnen Ihr
ou ((orm,l! Sie
<he p,ttern in the c,se endin%s o( the possessive ,d@ectives is th,t seen in Lektion 4 (or the #ord ein: Ae c,n %ener,li7e these endin%s ,s in the (ollo#in% t,ble, #here #e c,n express plur,l endin%s bec,use other so-c,lled ein-#ords do h,ve plur,ls8 :in-%roup )ndin%s 2DN: .FF: 4.<: N,sculine PP Feminine PPe 2euter 5lur,l PP PPe PPen PPe PP PPe PPem PPer PPem PPen
<he sm,ll %roup o( #ords th,t t,ke these endin%s (in ,ddition to ein! includes the possessive ,d@ectives ,nd $ein (>not ,n > or >no> in the sense o( none!:
Lesson +%&6 ' Einkaufen gehen
Lernen 7 ( 5ie 1leidungsstAcke =articles of clothing?

Ger%an die &luse der G+rtel das He%d das =leid die Hose der Hut die =leidung die !eans die M+tzeGHaube der 3ullo>er der 7oc( der Schuh die Shorts die Soc(e der Stie.el das 92Shirt /nglish blouse belt shirt dress -ants hat clothes "casual$ 'eans ca-ullo>er s(irt shoe shorts soc( boot 92shirt Ger%an -lural die &lusen die G+rtel die He%den die =leider die Hosen die H+te die =leidungsst+c(e die !eans die M+tzen die 3ullis, die 3ullo>er die 7c(e die Schuhe die Shorts die Soc(en die Stie.el die 92Shirts
GesprJche 7P$ ( 1atrin macht Eesorgungen

I,trin m,cht ?esor%un%enKbesonders sucht sie neue ;chuhe: ;ie %eht in d,s )ink,u(s7entrum:

Katrin8 )ntschuldi%en ;ie: Ich br,uche ;chuhe: Ao sind sieP Ver$#u/er8 Air h,ben viele ;chuhe: Aelche F,rbe mRchten ;ieP Katrin8 )in 5,,r ;chuhe in AeiV, bitte: Ver$#u/er8 4, drCben: Ver$#u/er8 5,ssen sieP Katrin8 2ein, sie sind 7u klein: Ver$#u/er8 NRchten ;ie diese ;chuheP ;ie sind %rRVer: Katrin8 H,, d,nke: I,trin probiert die ;chuhe ,n: ;ie p,ssen prim,: Ver$#u/er8 ;ie kosten neununddreiVi% )uro neun7ehn: Katrin8 4ie ;chuhe sind billi%: 4,nn k,u(e ich sie:
I,trin probiert ein 5,,r ;chuhe ,n:

Vokabeln 7P$
Included in this voc,bul,r lesson ,re the $erm,n nouns (or v,rious ,rticles o( clothin% (!ernen K ,bove!:
die das der die die das der der &esorgungen /in(au.szentru% /uro Farbe =la%otten 3aar 3reis 1er(#u.er errands sho--ing %all ]uro color gear, stu.. "things$ -air, cou-le -rice sales cler(, sales assistant ] CF.@F tr5 on need bu5 cost ould li(e .it [clothing\ see(, loo( .or es-eciall5 cheato-notch, su-er hich
neununddrei*ig /uro neunzehn an-robieren brauchen (au.en (osten %gen -assen suchen besonders billig -ri%a elche
+P+ !hoppingPrelated Verbs

<here ,re , lot o( verbs th,t h,ve to do #ith shoppin% (or clothes: <he most prominent ,re listed belo#: an-iehen P to put on =clothes? aussehen P to appear nehmen P to take ollen P to ant =some hat impolite? <hese verbs ,re used o(ten, so it is necess,r to le,rn them: .mon% them ,re sep,r,ble verbs, irre%ul,r verbs, ,nd mod,ls:
;ep,r,ble Eerbs
.nprobieren, ,ussehen ,nd ,n7iehen ,re se"ara&le )er&s: It is e,s to see this, ,s the e,ch h,ve , pre(ix o( J,usJ or J,nJ: Ahen usin% the verb ,s the m,in verb o( , sentence, sep,r,te the pre(ix ,nd put it ,t the end o( the sentence: Ahen the verb is in in(initive (orm, le,ve it @ust ,s ou see it:
Irre%ul,r Eerbs
.usehen ,nd nehmen ,re the t#o irre%ul,r verbs on this list: ?oth experience , ch,n%e in the (irst JeJ in the du-(orm ,nd er9sie9es-(orm: 4u siehst ::: ,us und er9sie9es sieht ::: ,us: 4u nimmst und er9sie9es nimmt:
Nod,ls
NRchten ,nd #ollen ,re the t#o mod,ls introduced here: Nod,ls ,re simil,r to the helpin% verbs in )n%lish ,nd c,use the other verb to %o to the end in the in(initive (orm: <he ,lso h,ve , str,n%e con@u%,tion: NRchten ch,n%es in er9sie9es (orm to mRchte (the s,me ,s the ich-(orm!: In (,ct ,ll mod,ls h,ve the s,me er9sie9es-(orm ,nd ich-(orm: Aollen is like most other mod,ls8 it h,s , di((erent vo#el in sin%ul,r ,nd plur,l, except #hen usin% (orm,l ou: Ich #ill (not to be con(used #ith (uture tense!, du #illst, er9sie9es #ill, #ir #ollen, ihr #ollt, und sie9;ie #ollen: .ll o( this verb con@u%,tion ,nd more c,n be (ound in +e(erence <,ble II:
. Accusative #ase
Lou h,ve ,lre,d le,rned the pronouns ,nd ,rticles in the nominati)e case: 2o# it is time (or the accusati)e case:
.P$ E<ample !tory +

Lou no# need more clothes: Lou drive to , m,ll ,nd %o to the clothin% dep,rtment store: 4u suchst 7#ei He,ns, drei 6emden und einen $Crtel: 4u siehst die He,ns und nimmst 7#ei: 4u k,u(st @et7t nur die 6emden und den $Crtel: E)+IX3F)+I28 4ie $Crtel sind d,: 438 6,ben ;ie ,uch $Crtel in ?r,unP E)+IX3F)+I28 H,, d, hinten: 4u nimmst den $Crtel in ?r,un, ,ber er ist billi%: 4u k,u(st 7#ei: E)+IX3F)+I28 2och et#,sP 438 H,, ich br,uche drei 6emden: E)+IX3F)+I28 6emden h,ben #ir: ;ie sind hier: 4u nimmst ein 6emd in ?l,u, und 7#ei in +ot: 4u probierst die 6emden, die He,ns, und die $Crtel ,n: .lles p,sst: 438 A,s kosten diese Il,mottenP E)+IX3F)+I28 '#ei He,ns, drei 6emden, und 7#ei $Crtel kosten (Cn(undsech7i% )uro: Lou %ive the clerk the mone ,nd t,ke the clothin% home:
.P+ Accusative #ase Articles

+emember th,t in the nominitive c,se, the ,rticles ,re der' die' das' ,nd die, listed in NF25 (m,sculine, (eminine, neuter, ,nd plur,l! order: Aell, in the ,ccus,tive c,se, onl the m,sculine (orm ch,n%es to den: .n e,s memor hook is >4er %oes to den ,nd the rest st, the s,me:> <he ein-(orms under%o the s,me ch,n%e: N,sculine >ein> %oes to >einen> ,nd the rest st, the s,me: 2om: .cc: 2om: N,sc: der den ein .cc: einen
Fem: die 2eut: d,s 5lur: die
die d,s die
eine ein
eine ein
does not e?ist does not e?ist
.P. Prices
<#o e,s #ords describe prices: billig P cheap teuer P e<pensive <hese ,d@ectives ,re ,pplied to the products ou bu , never to the #ord >5reis>: .n #, , ou r,ther s, >4,s ist billi%9teuer:> (me,nin% the product ou bu ! th,n >4er 5reis ist niedri%9hoch:>
.P0 A 55/ Qoke

In einem I,u(h,us in der 44+ (r,%t ein Iunde8 >6,ben sie keine 3nterhosenP>: 4ie Eerk/u(erin ,nt#ortet8 >2ein, #ir h,ben keine ?,dehosen: Im 7#eiten ;tock h,ben #ir keine 3nterhosenW>
.ragen to as( 007 0eutsche 0e%o(ratische 7e-ubli( "Ger%an 0e%ocratic 7e-ublic, long since reunited ith the &70$ =au.haus >er5 big sho=unde client Enterhosen under-ants &adehosen s i%%ing trun(s I% z eiten Stoc( on the second .loor
/evie +%&+
Wiederholung
Lesson 10 is , revie# (Wiederholung! lesson to summ,ri7e the $erm,n l,n%u,%e lessons presented in Lessons 1 throu%h 9: Lou should, ,s #ell, return to Lektion 1 ,nd revie# (th,t is, completel rere,d! e,ch o( the (our lessons b,ck up to this point: For , more ,dv,nced course, ou should no# incorpor,te e,ch o( the ,dv,nced lessons into this >revie#> process: <h,t is8 revie# Lesson 1, then do Lesson 1., revie# Lesson &, then do Lesson &., etc: I( the ,dv,nced lessons h,ve ,lre,d been completed, then no# revie# lessons in the order 1 -M 1. -M & -M &. -M -, etc:
Verb #onFugation
Lou h,ve le,rned th,t there is , rel,tionship bet#een the sub@ect o( , verb ,nd the (orm th,t verb t,kes in $erm,n: ;ome verbs (ollo# , predict,ble re%ul,r p,ttern, #hile others ,re less predict,ble (irre%ul,r verbs!:
>erb: -ronoun &asic.or% ich du erGsieGes ir ihr sie Sie ".or%al$ knnen "can$ gehen "go$ >erb I "irreg.$ >erb II (nnen gehen (ann gehe (annst gehst (ann geht (nnen gehen (nnt geht (nnen gehen (nnen gehen sein "to be$ >erb III "irregular$ sein bin bist ist sind seid sind sind
.s ou c,n see, ,n verb uses the s,me declin,tion (or #ir, sie ,nd ;ie: .lso, er9sie9es uses the s,me declin,tion (or ,ll three %enders:
Section 405; 7 3anno.er German!
Lesson +%&7 ' Verbtempus und Wortstellung
Ein Treffen in :annover =WIP?

(4onJt be too ,(r,id, its lotJs o( text but little %r,mm,rW! I,t@, h,t sich mit einem Freund, N,rkus, ver,bredet, den sie im Fh,t kennen%elernt h,t: ;ie h,t ein Foto von ihm %esehen, und vielleicht %e(/llt er ihr @,: .m >IrRpcke>, der %rRVten 3-?,hnst,tion in 6,nnover, stei%t sie ,us der 3-?,hn: </%lich betreten 6underte von Nenschen diese ;t,tion, ;chCler, ;tudenten, .n%estellte und +entner: ;ie ist **, studiert seit * H,hren <iermedi7in in 6,nnover, und ist im Noment ledi%: ;ie %eht ,u( die +olltreppe, betritt die ;tu(en, und (/hrt 7#ei ;tock#erke n,ch oben: A/hrenddessen sch,ut sie n,ch unten: Ihre 3-?,hn h,t die ;t,tion verl,ssen: )ine ,ndere 3-?,hn h,t bereits %eh,lten, und die F,hr%/ste sind ,u(%est,nden und ,us%estie%en: ;ie kommt ,u( der 7#eiten )bene ,n und %eht #eiter, +ichtun% ;onnenlicht, in die 5,s,relle: 4ie 5,s,relle (Chrt +ichtun% 6,uptb,hnho(, und links und rechts locken die ;ch,u(enster der $esch/(te: 2,ch einer Aeile h,t sie die +olltreppe erreicht, die 7um 6,uptb,hnho( (Chrt: 2un sieht sie in voller ?reite den 6,uptb,hnho( von 6,nnover, und d,vor einen ;ockel mit einer ;t,tue von einem 5(erd mit +eiter: 4ort h,t N,rkus schon (Cn( Ninuten %e#,rtet und be%rCVt sie, bevor sie sich ins )isc,(e neben,n set7en:
Vokabeln
=at'a Mar(us sich >erabreden 4hat (ennenlernen (ennengelernt das Foto sehen gesehen >ielleicht ge.allen er ge.#llt ihr =r-c(e E2&ahn die gr*te die Station aussteigen t#glich betreten Hunderte diese Fe%ale .irst na%e Male .irst na%e to %a(e a date Internet 4hat to get to (no so%eone 3artizi- 3er.e(t >on (ennenlernen 3hotogra-hic 3icture to see 3artizi- 3er.e(t >on :sehen: -erha-s to -lease so%eone " ith dati>e$ She li(es hi% "he -leases her, literall5$ 9he na%e o. Hano>er's biggest sub a5 station sub a5 greatest ".e%inine here$ the station getting o.. "a train, in>est%ent etc$ dail5 to enter hundreds .e%ale .or% o. :this:
der Sch+ler, die Sch+ler"-l$ der Student der ,ngestellte der 7entner, die 7entner"-l$ studieren i% Mo%ent ledig gehen 7olltre--e die Stu.e .ahren to ards$ #hrenddessen schauen ihre >erlassen >erlassen eine andere bereits der Fahrgast die Fahrg#ste au.stehen au.gestanden ausgestiegen die /bene eitergehen sie geht eiter das Sonnenlicht die 7ichtung 7ichtung Sonnenlicht die 3assarelle .+hren Hau-tbahnho. cit5 centre$ 7ichtung Hau-tbahnho. lin(s rechts loc(en curls!!$ das Schau.enster die Schau.enster das Gesch#.t die Gesch#.te der Gesch#.te nach einer Weile erreichen erreicht die zu% Hau-tbahnho. .+hrt
:-u-il: "british engl.$ student 4ler( -ensioner to stud5 currentl5 a -erson not ha>ing a -artner to go escalator stair to dri>e "o.ten s-ecializing .ro% engl. to tra>el :during this: loo( her ".or% .or .e%ale -osessions o. a .e%ale -erson$ to lea>e 3artizi- 3er.e(t >on :>erlassen: another ".e%inine ob'ect$ alread5 -assenger -assengers "-l$ to stand u3artizi- 3er.e(t >on :au.stehen: 3artizi- 3er.e(t >on :aussteigen: le>elG-lateau to go on she goes on sunlight direction to ards sunlight -assage a5 lead central station "in %ost Ger%an cities this is in the in direction o. the central station le.t right te%-t "not to con.use ith :die Doc(en: T loc(s, dis-la5 indo -lural o. :das Schau.enster: the shothe sho-s o. the sho-s ,.ter a hile reach 3artizi- 3er.e(t >on erreichen that leads to the central station
Word "rder
Inverted #ord order occurs under sever,l circumst,nces, ,mon% #hich ,re8

Interro%,tives <ime )xpressions ;ubordin,tin% Fon@unctions
For interro%,tives, , simple st,tement, >4u h,st d,s ?uch:> becomes >6,st du d,s ?uchP> #hen convertin% it to , =uestion: <he method is simpl s#itchin% the verb ,nd sub@ect o( the sentence: <ime expressions, such ,s >2,ch der ;chule> pre(,cin% , sentence c,use inverted #ord order: <he (ormul, is ><ime )xpression>, >Eerb>, >;ub@ect> ,nd >+est o( sentence:> 5r,ctic,ll ,pplied, >)ver d, , I %o to school> becomes >Heden <,% %ehe ich 7ur ;chule:> ;ubordin,tin% con@uctions connect , dependent cl,use to ,n independent cl,use: ;ome subordin,tin% con@uctions ,re8 dass (th,t!, o&wohl (,lthou%h!, seit (since!, weil (bec,use!, ,nd wenn (i(, #hen!: <he (ormul, (or , dependent cl,use is >subordin,tin% con@unction> >sub@ect> >rest o( cl,use> >verb> ,nd is o((set (rom the independent cl,use b , comm,: 6ere ,re some ex,mples (the dependent cl,use is underlined!8
Ich (ann das &uch nicht (au.en, eil ich (ein Geld habe. Ich (au.e das &uch .+r dich, da du (ein Geld hast. Wenn unsere /ltern uns besuchen, schen(en sie uns Geschen(e. * c!n6t .u7 the . k .ec!use * h!(e n m ne7" * !m .u7ing the . k % r 7 u, !s 7 u h!(e n m ne7" When ur p!rents (isit us, the7 gi(e us presents"
Lesson +%$& ' Mndeveloped
<nde.eloped
Lesson +%$$ ' Mndeveloped
<nde.eloped
Lesson +%$+ ' Mndeveloped
<nde.eloped
/evie +%&.
<nde.eloped
German Level Three Lessons 2"ischenlektionen An Intermediate Course in German
Level Three #ontents

!ection .%&$ ( Bonn German!

Lesson .%&$ ' Barkus studiert ( . short stor , person,l pronouns, incomplete sentences: Lesson .%&+ ' GesprJche unter GeschJftsmJnnern ( 5olite convers,tion, #ord roots, person,l pronouns in the nomin,tive c,se, some $erm,n9)n%lish verb (orms: Lesson .%&. ' Bach dir keine !orgen; ( $ender o( ordin,ls, det,ils o( tellin% time:
!ection .%&+ (8nnsbruck Austria
Lesson .%&0 ' 5ie GeschJftsleute ( 5erson,l pronouns in the ,ccus,tive c,se, person,l pronouns in the d,tive c,se: Lesson .%&2 ' 5er EnglJnder in Zsterreich ( 5erson,l pronouns in the %enitive c,se: Lesson .%&3 ' Mndeveloped Title ( 3ndeveloped
!ection .%&. ( Ba.aria German!

Lesson .%&4 ' Mndeveloped ( 3ndeveloped Lesson .%&6 ' Mndeveloped ( 3ndeveloped Lesson .%&7 ' Mndeveloped ( 3ndeveloped
Section ;056 7 Bonn German!
Lesson .%&$ ' Barkus studiert
eschichte 0;N 3 Mar$us studiert N,rkus ist in der 3niversit/t: )r trinkt dort einen I,((ee und isst ein ?rRtchen: 4,n,ch %eht er in die ?ibliothek: )r sucht ein ?uch Cber ?iochemie: )r holt d,s ?uch ,us dem +e%,l und set7t sich ,n einen <isch: 2,ch einer ;tunde %eht er in den 6o( und r,ucht eine 'i%,rette: 4,n,ch %eht er ,n den <isch 7urCck: )r denkt8 >Aeni%stens eine ;tunde:::> und stellt d,s ?uch #ieder in d,s +e%,l:
<his short stor ( eschichte! is told in the "rd person (see $r,mm,tik 1-"!: 2ote ho# this is ,pp,rent (rom both the pronoun (%r or >he>! ,nd verb (orms:
Vokabeln $P.
die &ibliothe# die &ioche%ie das &rtchen das &uch der Fortgeschrittene die Fortgeschrittenen die Geschichte der Ho. der =a..ee die Stunde der 9isch das 7egal die 8igarette den(en essen holen rauchen sich setzen stellen suchen trin(en aus danach dort in nach +ber librar5 bioche%istr5 roll, biscuit boo( ad>ancer ad>ancers "-l.$ stor5 court5ard; also court co..ee hour table shel. cigarette thin( eat .etch, get s%o(e "a cigarette$ sit "onesel.$ do n -lace see(, search .or drin( out a.ter ards there in a.ter about "/r "/r "/r "/r "/r "/r "/r "/r den(t T He thin(s$ isst T He eats$ holt T He getsG.etches$ raucht T He s%o(es$ setzt sich T He sits$ stellt T He -laces$ sucht T He loo(s .or$ trin(t T He drin(s$
enigstens ieder 5ronunci,tion $uide MM
at least, at an5 rate again
Grammatik $P. ( Personal Pronouns

.s in )n%lish, personal pronouns exist in three %r,mm,tic,l persons, e,ch #ith sin%ul,r ,nd plur,l number: In $espr/ch 1-1 ,nd 1-*, ou see onl the sin%ul,r versions: <he t,ble here %ives ,lso the plur,l (nomin,tive c,se onl !8 ich du er sie es "ir ihr sie I ou he she it #e ou the ou Sie (formal! a 1st person, sin%ul,r a *nd person, sin%ul,r a "rd person musculine, sin%ul,r a "rd person (eminine, sin%ul,r a "rd person neuter, sin%ul,r a 1st person, plur,l a *nd person, plur,l a "rd person, plur,l a *nd person, plur,l ,nd sin%ul,r, ,l#, s declined plur,l
Grammatik $P. ( Incomplete !entences

Ah,t ,re #e to m,ke o( short, incomplete sentences such ,s th,t in $espr/ch 1-18 J3nd dirPJP <his tr,nsl,tes ,s8 J.nd (or ouPJ: In )n%lish ,nd $erm,n it is not ,l#, s necess,r to express ever p,rt o( , sentence, especi,ll in convers,tion #here the #ords le(t out ,re e,sil understood b both or ,ll p,rties: A,lk up to , str,n%er ,nd s, J.nd ouPJ ,nd , possible response is , hostile JDut o( m (,ce, (oolJ: ?ut in the convers,tion bet#een 6einrich ,nd I,rl, 6einrich kno#s th,t I,rl is re,ll me,nin%8 =nd wie geht es dir7, #ith th,t p,rt underlined le(t out o( the convers,tion,l st,tement: 2ote especi,ll th,t the pronoun J ouJ ret,ins its c,seKits rel,tion to the missin% verb (rom the implied sentenceK distinctive in $erm,n (th,t is, dir inste,d o( du! but not so in )n%lish (the (orm > ou> covers both c,ses!:
Tberset-ung $P+
.lthou%h these sentences involve m,n %r,mm,tic,l concepts th,t h,ve not been covered, e,ch c,n be #ritten in $erm,n b re(errin% to the ex,mple sentences ,nd voc,bul,ries in Lessons 1 ,nd 1.: 3sin% , piece o( p,per ,nd pencil, tr,nsl,te e,ch o( these sentences into $erm,n8 1: *: ": 4: 6ello N,rkW 4o ou h,ve , ci%,retteP .re ou stud in% $erm,nP F,therine drinks co((ee ,t , t,ble: <he students stud ,t the libr,r :
0: 1: &: -:
6e e,ts cheese ,nd s,us,%e in the court ,rd: ;he looks (or , book ,bout biolo% : N,rk %oes b,ck to the 3niversit : N,rk removes the book (rom the shel( ,nd pl,ces it on the t,ble:
.nt#orten M
Lesson .%&+ ' GesprJche unter GeschJftsmJnnern
es"r#ch H;N 3 Katrin geht ein$au/en I,trin %eht eink,u(en: ;ie br,ucht Aurst und I/se, ,ber sie (indet viele leckere Lebensmittel in dem 4elik,tessen%esch/(t: Katrin8 6,llo: Ich br,uche I/se: Ver$#u/er8 Ich h,be einen leckeren ;chmel7k/se: )r heiVt J?rimsenJ: Katrin8 2ein: Ich suche 6,rtk/se: 6,ben ;ie einen JH,rlsber%JP Ver$#u/er8 2ein: .ber ich h,be einen %uten ;ch#ei7erk/se: ;ie schmecken /hnlich: Katrin8 DI: Eerk,u(en ;ie die stCck#eiseP Ver$#u/er8 H,: )in ;tCckP Katrin8 ?itte: 3nd h,ben ;ie AurstP Ver$#u/er8 H, %e#iss: Air h,ben viele Aurstsorten: Katrin8 Ich suche ACrstchen: Ver$#u/er8 Ich h,be J2Crnber%er ;ch#eins#CrsteJ: Katrin8 4,s ist %ut:
Vokabeln +P.
das 0eli(atessengesch#.t business$ der Hart(#se das Debens%ittel, die Debens%ittel der Sch%elz(#se die Sch eins urst der Sch eizer(#se das St+c( der 1er(#u.er das W+rstchen die Wurstsorten &itte )+rnberger Sch eins +rste .inden 0eli, 0elicatessen "d!s Gesch%t T hard cheese .ood, .oods so.t cheese -or( sausage /%%enthaler cheese, S iss cheese -iece sales cler( s%all sausage t5-es o. sausage I. 5ou -lease a t5-e o. s%all, -or( sausage "-l.$ .ind
hei*en sch%ec(en suchen >er(au.en eink!u%en B der +erku%er$ #hnlich ein lec(er nicht st+c( eise St/ck$ 5ronunci,tion $uide MM
call, na%e taste see(, loo( .or sell
"co%-are
ith
si%ilar a, an, an5, one tast5, delicious not -iece%eal, b5 the -iece
"co%-are
ith d!s
Grammatik +P2 ( Word ,ormation

.s in ,n l,n%u,%e, m,n #ords in $erm,n ,re constructed (rom other sm,ller #ords th,t provide simil,r me,nin%, ,lthou%h the connections c,n sometimes be obscured b the p,ss,%e o( time: Fonstruction o( ne# #ords (rom #ord combin,tions is especi,ll prev,lent #ith $erm,n nouns, ,nd underst,ndin% #ord roots c,n there(ore be help(ul in le,rnin% ne# #ords: .s ,n ex,mple, consider the phr,se Au/ Wiedersehen K the st,nd,rd tr,nsl,tion into )n%lish bein% J$ood b eJ, ,lthou%h it me,ns liter,ll Jupon reunionJ (in essence, >until #e meet ,%,in>!: <he noun, das Wiedersehen, consists o( wieder, Jonce ,%,inJ (or Jre-J ,s , pre(ix!, ,nd sehen or JseeJ: <he noun die esch#/tsleute provides , direct ex,mple o( , compounded noun8 the (irst p,rt o( e,ch derivin% (rom das esch#/t (JbusinessJ! ,nd the second p,rt (rom die !eute (JpeopleJ!: <he %ender o( , compound noun (ollo#s the b,se or l,st noun: <here ,re other ex,mples in the this lesson, but these m, not be immedi,tel obvious unless ou ,lre,d h,ve , %ood comm,nd o( $erm,n #ords: 6o#ever, ou should tr,in oursel( to vie# ne# #ords in terms o( the me,nin%s o( their component p,rts: Fonsider ,ll o( the v,rious #ords used in this lesson to describe t pes o( cheeses8 der Hart$#se, der Schmelz$#se, der Schweizer$#seB or nouns ,nd verbs rel,ted to bu in% ,nd sellin% (Kau/en und Ver$au/en!:
Grammatik +P3 ( Personal Pronouns8 nominative case

6ere ,re the person,l pronouns in the nominative c,se8 ;in%ul,r 1st person ich I ou *nd person du (!ieU!
5lur,l ir ihr (!ieU! #e ou
"rd person erG sieG es he, she, it sie (,ll %enders! the
Polite (orm:
<he nomin,tive c,se is th,t o( the sub@ect o( , verb: <he pronoun subFect o( these sentences is underlined in the $erm,n ,nd the )n%lish8 %s geht mir gut1 It %oes #ell ((or! me:
<h,t I c,n underst,nd: Lou ,re , pi%W .nd c,n ou tell (to! =nd $<nnen Sie mir sagen1117 me:::P <his l,st sentence is ,n ex,mple (rom $espr/ch *-" usin% the polite form o( J ouJ: Ahether sin%ul,r or plur,l must be est,blished b context: <his next sentence tr,nsl,tes #ith sie ,s Jthe J8 =nd $<nnen sie mir sagen1117 .nd c,n the tell me:::P
Das $ann ich )erstehen1 Du &ist ein Schwein5
.nd this one, #ith sie ,s JsheJ8 =nd $ann sie mir sagen1117 .nd c,n she tell me:::P ,s evidenced b the (orm t,ken b the verb Jc,nJ ($<nnen!: Dther uses o( the nomin,tive c,se in $erm,n #ill be explored in (uture lessons: <,bles o( the pronouns in ,ll c,ses ,re summ,ri7ed in the %r,mm,r ,ppendix8 5ronoun <,bles: D"TE8 .n intr,nsitive verb c,nnot be (ollo#ed b ,n ob@ect in )n%lish or $erm,n: . pronoun (ollo#in% ,n intr,nsitive verb such ,s Jto beJ is c,lled , predic,te pronoun ,nd should be in the nomin,tive c,se: In )n%lish JIt is IJ is correctB JIt is meJ is incorrect:
Grammatik +P4 ( Bore on verb forms

Hust ,s )n%lish sometimes ,dds the verb >to be>, (ormin% the pro%ressive, note ,lso in $r,mm,tik *-* (in both =uestion sentence ex,mples! th,t )n%lish ,lso m, insert the verb Jto doJ (c,lled the emph,tic (orm!, especi,ll use(ul #hen (ormin% , =uestion: <his is not done in $erm,n8 becomes in 4o ou h,ve too much (2otice polite (orm o( J ouJ )n%lish8 : #orkP here! becomes in Hast du 8ede Wurst7 4o ou h,ve ,n s,us,%eP )n%lish8 Hat Helena zehn becomes in 4oes 6elen, h,ve ten Finger7 )n%lish8 (in%ersP .%,in, in the present tense, the )n%lish sentences8 JI #rite , letter:J JI ,m #ritin% , letter:J JI do #rite , letter:J ,re ,ll, in $erm,n8 9ch schrei&e den Brie/1 Ha&en Sie zu )iel Ar&eit7
Vokabeln +P0
der &rie. das /in(au.en der Finger, die Finger das =au.en -re.erred$ das Sch ein das 1er(au.en letter sho--ing .inger, .ingers bu5ing -ig selling
"use o. the >erb .or% is "co%-are ith die Schweinswurst$
(nnen schreiben 'ede zehn
can rite an5 ten
Andere WNrter +A
3sin% these ,ddition,l voc,bul,r #ords, ou should be ,ble to rest,te GesprJch +P+ ,bove, ,lterin% the me,nin% (or time o( d, ! o( the convers,tion:
der ,bend Guten ,bend! %orgen .r+h zu enig abend abends .alsch %orgen %orgens schlecht 5ronunci,tion $uide MM e>ening Good />ening "greeting$ to%orro %orning too little e>ening e>enings .alse, rong to%orro in the %orning bad
Tberset-ung +P+
Arite these sentences in $erm,n: 5, ,ttention to the ,ddition,l #ords presented in Andere W<rter HA8 1: $ood evenin% F,therine:Ahere ,re ou %oin%P *: IJm lookin% (or , %ood ;#iss cheese: ": <h,t is #ron%W <oo little is too little: .nt#orten M
Lesson .%&. ' Bach dir keine !orgen;
es"r#ch N;N 3 Mach dir $eine Sorgen5 ?eim ?,llspielen m,cht I,rl sich ;or%en um die 3hr7eit:

Karl8 Aie sp/t ist es @et7tP Heinrich8 )s ist erst h,lb eins: Karl8 I,nnst du mir bitte s,%en, #enn es Eiertel vor 7#ei istP Heinrich8 A,rumP Karl8 4,nn muss ich n,ch 6,use %ehen: Heinrich8 3nd @et7t ist es schon ein 3hr einundreiVi%: Karl8 4u bist komischW 6ier, ich kicke dir den ?,ll 7u: Heinrich8 H,: 4,nn k,nn ich ihn dir 7urCckkicken: Karl8 H,: 3nd d,n,ch brin%st du mich ,u( deinem Notorr,d 7u meiner
Aohnun%:
Vokabeln .P.
das die das die das die die &alls-iel Minute Motorrad Sorge, die Sorgen 1iertel Woche Wohnung ball ga%e %inute %otorc5cle -roble%"s$, orr5"2ies$ Nuarter, one2.ourth ee( a-art%ent do not orr5! go ho%e (ic( (ic( bac(, return (ic( hen, hile a.ter that 5our onl5 hal. no co%ical, .unn5 %5 alread5 "usuall5, :at the:$
%ach dir (eine Sorgen! nach Hause gehen (ic(en zur+c((ic(en bei% danach dein erst halb 'etzt (o%isch %ein schon
zur+c( arum
bac( h5
"interrogati>e$
Grammatik .P2 ( Dumbers

Gender of "rdinals
Drdin,l numbers ,re ,d@ectives, ,nd there(ore h,ve (orms (or e,ch o( the three %enders in $erm,n: <he (orms ,re derived (rom the (eminine (orm (,s introduced in the be%innin% o( Lesson "! b ,ddin% ,n JrJ (m,sculine! or ,n JsJ (neuter!: <hus8 erste ((eminine!, erster (m,sculine!, ,nd erstes (neuter!: )x,mples8 G erster Mann (J(irst m,nJ!B letzter Mann (Jl,st m,nJ!B sie&ter Himmel (&th he,ven! G zehnte Frau (Jtenth #om,nJ!B zweite Woche (Jsecond #eekJ! G drittes M#dchen (Jthird %irlJ!
Grammatik .P3 ( E<pressions of Time

Idioms used in Telling Time
.s in )n%lish, there ,re , number o( idiom,tic phr,ses ,ssoci,ted #ith %ivin% or tellin% time: For ex,mple, note th,t the h,l( hour is %iven ,s ,ppro,chin% the next hour: <he $erm,n preposition, um, is used to me,n >,t> , %iven time: %s ist hal& el/: %r $ommt um sie&en =hr: It is h,l( p,st ten (108"0!: 6e is comin% ,t seven oJclock: ;he ,l#, s comes ,round ei%ht Sie $ommt immer unge/#hr um acht =hr: oJclock: Wir essen gegen sie&en =hr: Ae e,t ,bout seven oJclock: Sie gehen nach Hause au/ eine Stunde: <he %o home (or ,n hour: It is , =u,rter p,st nine %s ist )iertel zehn0
1<his
idiom (%s ist )iertel zehn! is used especi,ll in the e,stern p,rts o( $erm,n , but is becomin% popul,r ,mon% oun% $erm,ns throu%hout the Fountr :
Periods of the 5ay

<here ,re , number o( ,dverbi,l phr,ses used in $erm,n to denote time periods durin% the d, : Fommon ones ,re listed here8 am Morgen am Mittag in the mornin%B ,lso ,s morgens* or des Morgans ,t noon, midd, B ,lso ,s mittags or des Mittags* in the ,(ternoonB ,lso ,s nachmittags or des am Nachmittag Nachmittags*
am A&end in the evenin%B ,lso ,s a&ends or des A&ends* am -age in the d, time in der Nacht ,t ni%ht gegen A&end to#,rds evenin% gegen Morgen to#,rds mornin% * Forms like morgens ,nd des Nachmittags #ould tend to be used to indic,te custom,r or h,bitu,l ,ctions, ,s in this sense8 Morgens s"iele ich: \ In the mornin% I (usu,ll ! pl, : 6o#ever, these (orms ,re not much used ,n more:
Additional Dotes
<he (irst sentence in $espr/ch "-" uses Beim Balls"ielen in the sense o( >durin% the b,ll %,me> or >#hile pl, in% b,ll>: Beim is , contr,ction o( &ei dem or >,t the>: 6o#ever, das Balls"iel is , noun th,t represents ,n ,ction (>pl, in% #ith , b,ll>!, so it is correct to use &eim in the sense intended here: It is not the most be,uti(ul #, o( s, in% thisKbut is correct: Aith the in(initive o( , verb ou c,n use &eim too8 Beim s"ielen me,ns >#hile pl, in%>: <his (orm is more common in modern $erm,n l,n%u,%e:
Vokabeln .P0
der der der der der die der ,bend Hi%%el Mittag Morgen, die Morgen )ach%ittag )acht 9ag, die 9age e>ening hea>en noon, noonti%e %orning"s$ a.ternoon night da5"s$ de-art ".ro% a tri-$ .or "duration$, a.ter to ards, about, a--roHi%atel5 last "at$ about, a--roHi%atel5
abreisen au. gegen letzt"er$ unge.#hr
2ote th,t morgen does not ch,n%e in plur,lB thus, Die Morgen \ >the mornin%s>: It is uncommon to use it in plur,l, unless ,s , me,sure o( l,nd Vier Morgen !and \ >(our Jmor%ens o( l,nd>: For , plur,l use o( >mornin%s>, it is better to substitute die Vormittage:
Andere WNrter .A
3sin% these ,ddition,l voc,bul,r #ords, ou m, be ,ble to rest,te GesprJch .P. ,bove, ,lterin% the me,nin% (or time o( d, ! o( the convers,tion:
die H#l.te die 1iertelstunde 5ronunci,tion $uide MM hal. Nuarter o. an hour
Tberset-ung .P+
<r,nsl,te the (ollo#in% sentences into $erm,n8 1: I ,m ,l#, s ,t home in the mornin%: .nt#orten M
Section ;054 78nnsbruck Austria
Lesson .%&0 ' 5ie GeschJftsleute
es"r#ch O;H 3 Die esch#/tsm#nner 6err ;chmidt und 6err ;t,ndish, ,ls sie sich ,m 6,uptsit7 endlich be%e%nen: Fr,u ?,um,nn ist ,uch d,:

Herr Schmidt8 $uten Nor%en, 6err ;t,ndishW 4,r( ich mich vorstellen8 mein 2,me ist ;chmidt, Hoh,nn ;chmidt: Herr Standish8 )s (reut mich sehr, ;ie kennen 7u lernen: Ich heiVe Niles ;t,ndish: Herr Schmidt8 Ich %l,ube, d,ss ;ie Fr,u ?,um,nn schon kennen: Herr Standish8 H,, %e#iV: Aie %eht es Ihnen, Fr,u ?,um,nnP Frau Baumann8 4,nke, es %eht mir %ut: Herr Schmidt8 Eerstehe ich richti%, d,ss ;ie %estern ,nk,men und mor%en ins 8Aiener ?Cro reisen mCssenP Herr Standish8 H,, ,m Nont,% (uhr ich mit dem ;chnell7u% durch den Xrmelk,n,ltunnel: Aenn ich meine .rbeit ,b%eschlossen h,be, #erde ich ,m 4onnerst,% n,ch 'Crich und Aien reisen: Herr Schmidt8 ;ehr %ut: ?itte sprechen ;ie vor )nde der Aoche noch mit Fr,u I,u(m,nn: Frau Baumann8 ;ie ,rbeitet in der $esch/(tsbibliothek: Herr Schmidt8 4,s ist richti%: 4ie ?ibliothek: Herr Standish8 Ich #erde es so(ort tun: Herr Schmidt8 .lles kl,r: Frau Baumann8 ;p/ter #erden #ir eine Eers,mmlun% in der ?uchh,ltun% ,bh,lten: Herr Standish8 ;ehr %ut: .u( Aiedersehen Fr,u ?,um,nn: .u( Aiedersehen 6err ;chmidt: Herr Schmidt8 .u( Aiedersehen:
Vokabeln 0P.
der die die die das der die der der der ^r%el(analtunnel ,rbeit &ibliothe( &uchhaltung &+ro 0onnerstag Gesch#.tsbibliothe( Montag )a%e Schnellzug 4hunnel "/ngland2France channel tunnel$ or( librar5 accounting o..ice o..ice 9hursda5 co%-an5 "business$ librar5 Monda5 na%e eH-ress train
das die das das die das
Sehen 1ersa%%lung Wien Wiedersehen Woche 8+rich
>ision %eeting 1ienna ",ustria$ reunion ee( 8urich loo(ing good on Monda5 at such ti%e hen Ma5 I... ? It gi>es %e -leasure Good %orning! certainl5, o. course be.ore the end o. the 1ienna branch o..ice hold co%-lete arri>e ride gi>e %eet, %a(e acNuaintance %ust tra>el see, loo( do, acco%-lish introduce ill ould -lease there through, b5 %eans o. .inall5 5esterda5 to, to ards o. course %5sel. "re%le8i(e$ ith .ast, Nuic(, ra-id directl5, .orth ith again, once again
alles (lar a% Montag dann enn 0ar. ich... ? /s .reut %ich sehr Guten Morgen! !a, ge i* >or /nde der Woche Wiener &+ro abhalten abschlie*en an(o%%en "(a% an, ange(o%%en$ .ahren geben (ennen lernen %+ssen reisen sehen tun sich >orstellen erden +rde bitte da durch endlich gestern nach nat+rlich %ich %it schnell so.ort ieder 5ronunci,tion $uide MM
"greeting$ ee(
"!u8"$
Grammatik 0P0 ( Personal Pronouns8 Accusative #ase

6ere ,re the person,l pronouns in the accusative c,se8 ;in%ul,r 1st person mich me ou *nd person dich (!ieU! 5lur,l uns euch (!ieU! us ou
"rd person ihnG sieG es him, her, it sie (,ll %enders! them UPolite (orm: <he ,ccus,tive c,se is th,t o( the ob@ect o( , verb: Dnl tr,nsitive verbs t,ke direct ob@ects: <he pronoun (,nd noun in t#o c,ses! obFect in e,ch o( these sentences is underlined in the $erm,n ,nd the )n%lish8
,nnen Sie mich (erstehen0 *ch k!nn Sie (erstehen" *ch k!nn sie (erstehen *ch k!nn ihn dir zur/ck kicken4 4an 5ou understand %e? I can understand 5ou. I can understand "her or the%$. I can (ic( it bac( to 5ou!
2ote the order o( the pronouns in this l,st sentence: I( the direct ob@ect (here8 ihn! is , person,l pronoun, it precedes the d,tive (dir!B i( it #ere , noun, the d,tive #ould precede it, ,s in these sentences8
Hier, ich kicke dir den B!ll zu" Here, I (ic( the ball to 5ou. 2!r% ich *hnen meine &reundin ( rstellen0 Ma5 I introduce %5 .riend to 5ou?
Dther uses o( the ,ccus,tive c,se in $erm,n #ill be explored in (uture lessons: <,bles o( the person,l pronouns in ,ll c,ses ,re summ,ri7ed in 5ronoun <,bles:
Grammatik 0P2 ( Personal Pronouns in the 5ative #ase

6ere ,re the person,l pronouns in the dative c,se8 ;in%ul,r 1st person mir ihmG ihrG ihm me ou *nd person dir (IhnenU! "rd person UPolite (orm: <he d,tive c,se is th,t o( the indirect ob@ect o( , verb: <he pronoun indirect obFect o( these sentences is underlined in the $erm,n ,nd the )n%lish8
Es geht mir gut Wie geht es dir0 'nd knnen Sie mir s!gen"""0 ,!rl gi.t ihm den B!ll Wie geht es *hnen0 It goes ".or$ %e ell Ho goes it ".or or ith$ 5ou ,nd can 5ou tell %e...? =arl ga>e hi% the ball. Ho goes it " ith$ 5ou? "Ho are 5ou?$
5lur,l uns euch (IhnenU! us ou
him, her, it ihnen (,ll %enders! them
<his l,st sentence is ,n ex,mple (rom $espr/ch 1-* usin% the polite (orm o( J ouJ: Ahether sin%ul,r or plur,l must be est,blished b context: <his next sentence tr,nsl,tes #ith ihnen ,s JthemJ8
Wie geht es ihnen0 Ho goes it ith the%? "Ho are the5?$
<he me,nin% o( ihnen (or 9hnen! #ould h,ve to come (rom context in , convers,tion: .nother use o( the d,tive c,se in $erm,n is ,(ter these prepositions8 aus bei mit nach seit .on zu: Lou #ill be introduced to the me,nin%s o( these prepositions over m,n (uture lessons r,ther th,n ,ll ,t once, bec,use some h,ve m,n me,nin%s in )n%lish: Indeed, bec,use e,ch l,n%u,%e ,ssoci,tes speci(ic
prepositions #ith m,n common s, in%s (,nd these o(ten do not correspond in $erm,n ,nd )n%lish!, these >little> #ords c,n be troublesome (or students: 2onetheless, ou should memori7e no# the list o( prepositions ,bove to ,l#, s remember their ,ssoci,tion #ith the d,tive c,se: <,bles o( the pronouns in ,ll c,ses ,re summ,ri7ed in .ppendix *: Aord order in , $erm,n sentence #ith ,n indirect ob@ect depends upon #hether th,t direct ob@ect is , pronoun or , noun: I( the direct ob@ect is , noun, the d,tive precedes the ,ccus,tiveB i( the direct ob@ect is , person,l pronoun, the ,ccus,tive precedes the d,tive8 9ch ge&e dem Jungen den Ball1 I %ive the bo the b,ll: 9ch ge&e ihm den Ball1 I %ive him the b,ll: 9ch ge&e ihn ihm1 I %ive it to him: 9ch ge&e ihn dem Jungen1 I %ive it to the bo : )n%lish sentence structure is simil,r:
Lesson .%&2 ' 5er EnglJnder in Zsterreich
es"r#ch L;H 3 Der %ngl#nder in sterreich

Aenn er ,u( den Iontinent (/hrt, #,ndert 6err ;t,ndish %ern: 6eute (rCh (/hrt er in die ;t,dt ;t: 5Rlten in 2iederRsterreich: )r spricht mit einer (remden Fr,u8

Herr Standish8 )ntschuldi%en ;ie bitte: Ao ist hier ein 6otelP Die Frau8 $leich dort drCben: 4,s ist d,s 6otel >'ur 5ost>: Herr Standish8 $ibt es ein +est,ur,nt d,rinP Die Frau8 H, %e#issW )in +est,ur,nt mit %utbCr%erlicher ICche, besonders 7um .bendessen: .ber ich kRnnte Ihnen ein ,nderes +est,ur,nt emp(ehlen: )s heiVt J.lt-AienJ, und es %ibt dort d,s beste FrChstCck: 4,s +est,ur,nt ist links neben dem 6otel, um die )cke: Herr Standish8 4,nke sehr: 3nd kRnnen ;ie mir s,%en, #o d,s +,th,us von ;t: 5Rlten istP Die Frau8 Aie bitteP Herr Standish8 Aie komme ich 7um +,th,usP Die Frau8 +echts um die )cke und d,nn immer %er,de,us a un%e(/hr ein Iilometer: Herr Standish8 4,nke sehr: Die Frau8 ?itte sehr: Aiedersehen: Herr Standish8 .u( Aiedersehen:
Vokabeln 2A
das ,bendessen [das\ Psterreich die /c(e das Fr+hst+c( das Hotel der =ilo%eter die =+che der =ontinent [das\ )iedersterreich das 7athaus das 7estaurant die Stadt &itte sehr /ntschuldigen Sie /s gibt dort... Gibt es...? gutb+rgerliche =+che Guten 9ag i%%er geradeaus (nnen Sie su--er "e>ening %eal$ ,ustria corner brea(.ast hotel (ilo%etre coo(ing, cuisine continent "/uro-e$ ".ederal state o.$ Do er ,ustria cit5 hall restaurant cit5 ?ou're elco%e 3ardon %e, eHcuse %e 9here is there... Is there..? good, traditional .ood good da5 "-arting$ straight on ahead could 5ou "-olite .or%$
Wie bitte? e%-.ehlen .ahren (o%%en andern sagen s-rechen anderer, andere, anderes besonders bitte das dann darin ein eins .re%d gern gleich heute .r+h hier ich lin(s neben rechts unge.#hr >on ie o zu
3ardon %e? "-olite :co%e again?:$ reco%%end tra>el co%e, go, get ander sa5, tell s-ea( other es-eciall5 -lease that then therein a "inde.inite article$ one "cardinal nu%ber$ un(no n gladl5 'ust, right "correct$, right here, sa%e this %orning here "in this -lace$ I "-ersonal -ronoun$ le.t "direction$ neHt to right "direction$ a--roHi%atel5 o. "5!th!us ( n St" 9lten T St. 3olten 4it5 Hall$ ho "interrogati>e$ here "interrogati>e$ to "zum T contraction o. zu dem$
Andere WNrter 0A
der der die die &ahnho. Flugha.en 3olizei ache 3ost train station air-ort -olice station -ost o..ice eHact"l5$ toda5
genau heute
LesestAck 2P$ ( Eine Geschichte Aber !t% PNlten
KarteM St1 4<lten in sterreich
2iederRsterreich ist so#ohl (l/chenm/Vi% ,ls ,uch n,ch )in#ohnern d,s %rRVte der neun Rsterreichischen ?undesl/nder: ;,nkt 5Rlten ist die L,ndesh,uptst,dt von 2iederRsterreich: 4er 2,me ;t: 5Rlten %eht ,u( den heili%en 6ippol tos 7urCck, n,ch dem die ;t,dt ben,nnt #urde: 4ie .ltst,dt be(indet sich dort, #o vom *: bis 7um 4: H,hrhundert die +Rmerst,dt Aelium .etium st,nd: &99 #urde der Drt ,ls ><reism,> er#/hnt: 4,s N,rktrecht erhielt ;t: 5Rlten um 1000, 7ur ;t,dt erhoben #urde es 1109: ?is 1494 st,nd ;t: 5Rlten im ?esit7 des ?istums 5,ss,u, d,nn #urde es l,ndes(Crstliches )i%entum: ?ereits &&1 (indet sich ein ?enediktinerkloster, ,b 10-1 %,b es .u%ustinerFhorherren, 1&-4 #urde deren Iolle%i,tssti(t ,u(%ehoben, d,s $eb/ude dient seit 1&-0 ,ls ?ischo(ssit7: 'ur L,ndesh,uptst,dt von 2iederRsterreich #urde ;t: 5Rlten mit L,ndt,%sbeschluss vom 10: Huli 19-1, seit 199& ist es ;it7 der 2iederRsterreichischen L,ndesre%ierun%:
!u/t&ild )on St1 4<lten
Vokabeln 2E
0ie 0er 0er 0as 0er 0ie 0ie 0as 0ie 0as 0ie 0as 0as 0as 0ie ,ltstadt ,ugustiner &esitz &istu% &ischo.ssitz &undesl#nder 4horherren /igentu% /in ohner Geb#ude Geschichte !ahrhundert =loster =ollegiatssti.t Dandeshau-tstadt old to n ,ugustinian -ossession, holding diocese bisho-'s see "a seat o. a bisho-'s authorit5$ .ederal states %en's choir -ro-rietorshiinhabitants -re%ises histor5 centur5 %onaster5, .riar5 %onaster5 college regional or state ca-ital cit5
0ie 0er 0as 0er 0er 0ie 0er
Dandesregierung Dandtagsbeschluss Mar(trecht )a%e 6rt 7%erstadt Sitz
-ro>incial "state$ go>ern%ent da5 o. 'urisdictional reorganization right to hold %ar(ets na%e -lace, s-ot, cit5 7o%an to n o..icial -lace a dioecian region in &a>aria both... and goes bac( to
&istu% 3assau so ohl... als auch zur+c( au.
au.heben "hob au., au.gehoben$ %erged in "or turned into?$ be.inden sich situated, located "be.and sich, haben sich be.unden$ .inden sichJ .ound "located$ benennen "benannte, benannt$ call "as to label$ erhalten "erhielt, erhalten$ recei>e erheben "erhob, erhoben$ arise, raise er #hnen "er #hnte, er #hnt$ %ention stehen "stand, gestanden$ stand "stood, stood$ erden " urde, [ist\ge orden$ beco%e ab au. bereits bis .l#chen%#*ig heilig landes.+rstlich nach u% .ro% ualread5 until, b5, u- to "no direct translation$ _ hen %easured in sur.ace hol5 baronial or -rincel5 "holdings$ in ter%s o. around
(U one short (orm o( ,n(inden8 (indet sich (,n!B in collo=ui,l l,n%u,%e ou c,n cut the >,n>B but in <6I; speci,l c,se it is the short (orm o( >(be!(indet sich (dort!>!
+e,d more ,bout ;t: 5Rlten ,t the $erm,n Aikipedi, (source o( ,rticle ,bove!:
Lesson .%&3 ' Mndeveloped Title
!ernen P;H 3 -our de France

(,us Aikipedi,, der (reien )n7 klop/die! 4ie -our de France ist eines der berChmtesten und #ichti%sten sportlichen $roVerei%nisse Cberh,upt: ;eit 190" #ird die <our ,ll@/hrlich - mit .usn,hme der 'eit des )rsten und '#eiten Aeltkrie%s - drei Aochen l,n% im Huli ,us%etr,%en und (Chrt d,bei in #echselnder ;trecken(Chrun% =uer durch Fr,nkreich und d,s n,he .usl,nd: )ine <our de Fr,nce der Fr,uen (grande &oucle /Qminine! mit deutlich kCr7eren )t,ppen #ird seit 19-4 %e(,hren: ;ie steht medi,l vRlli% im ;ch,tten ihres m/nnlichen 5end,nts:
Vokabeln 4A
die die der das der das die die die der "bei ,usnah%e /nz5(lo-#die /rste Welt(rieg Gro*ereignis !uli 7adrennen Welt Woche, die Wochen 8eit 8 eite Welt(rieg eite%$ ber+h%teste eHce-tion enc5clo-edia WW I %a'or e>ent !ul5 bic5cle race orld ee(, ee(s ti%e, -eriod WW II a%ong the %ost idel5 reno ned, the %ost -o-ular
all'#hrlich bei ber+h%teste .rei, .reien ",((usati>$ seit s-ortlich +berhau-t #hrend drei Wochen lang eit ichtig 5ronunci,tion $uide MM
e>er5 5ear a%ong "one o.$ %ost celebrated, %ost reno ned .ree since athletic altogether, generall5 during three ee(s lasting broad, ide i%-ortant
Section ;05; 7 Ba.aria German!
Lesson .%&4 ' Mndeveloped
<nde.eloped
<nde.eloped
<nde.eloped
German Level ,our Lessons Er eitertelektionen An Advance Course in German
Level ,our #ontents

!ection 0%&$ ( (iel German! =nde)elo"ed !ection 0%&+ ( Schaan Liechtenstein =nde)elo"ed !ection 0%&. ( Scha''hausen S"itzerland =nde)elo"ed
German Level ,ive Lessons /evie The Final Course in German
Level ,ive #ontents

=nde)elo"ed
GRAMMAR
<his Aikibook module collection is desi%ned (or those #ho h,ve, ,t the ver le,st, , b,sic kno#led%e o( the $erm,n l,n%u,%e ,nd #ish to exp,nd their kno#led%e o( the $r,mm,r or those #ho simpl re=uire re(erence: Please follo the lessons first if you ish to begin learning German:
Douns

$ender 5lur,ls .d@ectiv,l 2ouns Ae,k 2ouns Nixed 2ouns
Articles

4e(inite .rticles Inde(inite .rticles
AdFectives and Adverbs
.d@ectiv,l )ndin%s
#ases
$erm,n h,s (our c,ses: . c,se m, determine the p,rticul,r ,d@ective, ,d@ective endin%, pronoun, ,nd noun endin% to use: ;t,rt b 4eterminin% F,se in $erm,n: <he nominative case is used in re(erence to the sub@ect o( , sentence: <he accusative case is used in re(erence to the direct ob@ect o( , sentence: <he dative case is used in re(erence to the indirect ob@ect o( , sentence: <he genitive case is used in re(erence to , possessed ob@ect o( , sentence:
Pronouns
$erm,n pronouns in c,ses Dominative Accusative 5ative Genitive :e !he It They er sie es sie ihn sie es sie ihm ihr ihm ihnen seiner 9 seines ihrer 9 ihres seiner 9 seines ihrer 9 ihres =Possessive? (sein! (ihr! (sein! (ihr!
Oou =informal? Oou =formal? Oou =informal plural? I =me?
du ;ie ihr ich
dich ;ie euch mich
dir Ihnen euch mir
deiner 9 deines (dein! Ihrer 9 Ihres euer 9 eueres (Ihr! (euer!
meiner 9 meines (mein!
We =us? #ir uns uns unser 9 unseres (unser! 2ote8 <he possessive is not , c,se o( the person,l pronoun, r,ther itJs , pronoun itsel(: <his me,ns the t,ble sho#s the nomin,tive c,se onl : <he %enitive c,se is used to sho# possession or rel,tionships: In )n%lish, the pronoun re(errin% to the %enitive ob@ect is the e=uiv,lent o( >o( the> or >his> or >m > etc: For simple sentence structure, the ,rticle o( the direct ob@ect is ch,n%ed ,ppropri,tel , #hile the ,rticle o( the %enitive p,rt is ch,n%ed to end #ith -er i( itJs , die #ord ((eminine ,nd plur,l! ,nd to -es #ith der ,nd d,s #ords: Aith der9d,s #ords, the %enitive noun must t,ke the su((ix -s, or -es i( there is but one s ll,ble in the #ord: <here ,re exceptions: )x,mples8 I #,nt the te,cherJs book: --+e#rite ,s8 I #,nt the book >o( the> te,cher: -Ich #ill d,s ?uch des Lehrers (der Lehererin!: Aithout his (riendJs c,r, #e c,nnot %o home: -Dhne den A,%en seines Freundes kRnnen #ir nicht n,ch 6,use %ehen: <he #,ll o( the buildin% is old ,nd bro#n: -4ie A,nd des $eb/udes ist ,lt und br,un: 2ote8 ,ll ,d@ectives in the %enitive c,se #ill end in -en:
Prepositions and Postpositions

$erm,n h,s d,tive, ,ccus,tive, %enitive ,nd t#o-#, prepositions ,nd postpositions: ),ch preposition c,uses the ,dverbi,l expression on #hich it ,cts to t,ke the c,se o( the preposition: <#o-#, prepositions c,use the ,dverbi,l expression to t,ke the ,ccus,tive c,se i( the verb is tr,nsitive, ,nd the d,tive c,se i( the verb is intr,nsitive: Accusative durch ohne um %e%en bis (Cr entl,n% #ider 2otes8 5ative ,us ,uVer bei mit n,ch seit von 7u %e%enCber ;ever,l $erm,n prepositions Genitive t oP ay #/hrend ,n trot7 ,nst,tt #e%en ,u( hinter in neben Cber unter vor 7#ischen
$e%enCber is one o( the r,re postpositions, #hich t pic,ll (ollo#s the ob@ect it modi(ies:
/r stand %ir gegen+ber. Mir gegen+ber steht ,u*en%inister Fischer.
.ber ,uch8
Gegen+ber >on Ihnen be.indet sich das Stadt%useu%.
2,ch is ,lso sometimes used ,s , postposition, #hen its me,nin% is >,ccordin% to>: <he t#o pr,ses ,re e=uiv,lent8
)ach de% 3.arrer sei Gott gut. 0e% 3.arrer nach sei Gott gut.
In spoken l,n%u,%e, the %enitive #ith #/hrend is no#,d, s norm,ll repl,ced b the d,tive8
Written: W#hrend des /ssens S-o(en: W#hrend de% /ssen ollen ollen ir nicht gestrt ir nicht gestrt erden. erden.
Verbs
$erm,n verbs c,n be cl,ssi(ied ,s wea$ or ,s strong: Ae,k verbs ,re ver re%ul,r in their (orms, #here,s stron% verbs ch,n%e the stem vo#el: Ae,k8
(au.en, (au.te, ge(au.t
;tron%8
singen, sang, gesungen
Aith its ,n%lo-s,xon ori%in, this notion is ,lso present in )n%lish:

.li-, .li--ed, .li--ed sing, sang, sung
;ome $erm,n verbs h,ve #e,k ,nd stron% (orms: <his m, depend on me,nin%8
0er &otscha.ter urde nach &erlin gesandt. 0er S+ddeutsche 7und.un( sendete ein =onzert aus de% Gasteig.
Dr on tr,nsitive vs: intr,nsitive use8

0as He%d hing au. der W#scheleine. Sie h#ngte das He%d au. die W#scheleine.
#lasses of Verbs

sep,r,ble verbs re(lexive verbs mod,ls
Tenses
Present Tense
5resent <ense
Past Tenses

5er(ect <ense Imper(ect - 5reterite
,uture Tenses
Future <ense
!entence !tructure
Types of #lauses

N,in Fl,use ;ubordin,te Fl,use
#onnecting #lauses
.ppendices
#ontents

A%&$ ' 5as Alphabet ( $erm,n ,lph,bet ,nd 5ronunci,tion $uide A%&+ ' Phrase Eook ( Fommon phr,ses in $erm,n A%&. ' /esources ( Dnline +esources (or $erm,n L,n%u,%e ;tudents A%&0 ' Dames ( 2,men - , list o( common, modern $erm,n n,mes A%&2 ' :istory [ $erm,n histor A%&3 ' ,alse ,riends ( .ll the $erm,n #ords th,t look like )n%lish #ords, but h,ve di((erent me,nin%s
A%&$ ' Alphabet
<he $erm,n ,lph,bet, like )n%lish, consists o( *1 b,sic letters: 6o#ever, there ,re ,lso combined letters ,nd (our uml,uted (orms (,n umlaut is the p,ir o( dots pl,ced over cert,in vo#els!: <he (ollo#in% t,ble includes , listin% o( ,ll these letters ,nd , %uide to their pronunci,tion: .s in )n%lish, letter sounds c,n di((er dependin% upon #here #ithin , #ord the letter occurs: <he (irst pronunci,tion %iven belo# (second column! is th,t in )n%lish o( the letter (or combin,tion! itsel(: +e,din% do#n this column ,nd pronouncin% the >)n%lish> #ords #ill recite the ,lph,bet au/ Deutsch (>in $erm,n>!: 2ote th,t letter order is ex,ctl the s,me ,s in )n%lish, but pronunci,tion is not (or m,n o( the letters: In the list o( pronunci,tion notes, no entr me,ns essenti,ll >pronounced ,s in )n%lish>: . (,h! ? (b, ! F (ts, ! 4 (d, ! ) (, ! F (e(! 5ronounced like J%J in J%etJB pronounced like JkJ #hen ,t the end o( , #ordB $ (%, ! pronounced like JichJ-sound (see belo#! in the su((ix J-i%J ,t the end o( #ords like JhJ in JhouseJ onl ,t the be%innin% o( #ords or , s ll,ble 6 (h,h! be(ore J,J, JiJ, JoJ, JuJ, J J, J/J, JRJ, JCJ (onl i( these vo#els donJt belon% to , su((ix!, else silent Lon% JiJ ,s JeJ in JseenJ (ee!B short JiJ ,s JiJ in JpitJ 5ronounced like J J in J ,rdJ ;li%htl more >dent,l> Lon% J,J ,s J,J in J(,therJ (,h!B short J,J ,s JoJ in JcomeJ 5ronounced like JpJ #hen ,t the end o( , #ord ;ee combin,tion letter (ormsB #ithout , (ollo#in% JhJ8 be(ore JeJ, JiJ, J J, J/J, JRJ like the %erm,n letter J7J else like JkJ 5ronounced like JtJ #hen ,t the end o( , #ordB sli%htl more >dent,l> Lon% JeJ ,s J,J in Jl,teJ (, !B there is no movement in the sound ,s in the en%lish e=uiv,lent: ;hort JeJ ,s JeJ in JpetJ: In unstressed s ll,bles like J,J in J,boutJ or JeJ in J%,rdenJ
I H I L
(ee! ( ot! (k,h! (el!
N (em! ;li%htl more >dent,l>B in Jn%J like in Jsin%in%JB like in J(in%erJ 2 (en! be(ore J,J, JiJ, JoJ, JuJ, J J, J/J, JRJ, JCJ (onl i( these vo#els donJt belon% to , su((ix! Lon% JoJ ,s JoJ in JopenJ (oh!, there is no movement in the sound ,s in the en%lish D (oh! 5 (p, ! 5ronounced like JkJB onl occurs in the combin,tion J=uJ, #hich is pronounced like S (koo! + (,ir! JkvJ not like Jk#J trilled (see belo#! In $erm,n , pronounced like J7JB pronounced like JsJ in JsoundJ #hen ,t the end o( , #ord, ,(ter conson,nts (except JlJ, JmJ, JnJ, n%J! ,nd be(ore conson,ntsB in .ustri,, pronounced like J7J onl #hen it ,ppe,rs bet#een t#o vo#els, pronounced like JsJ other#ise: 5ronounced like JshJ in the be%innin% o( , #ord be(ore JpJ or JtJ ;li%htl more >dent,l> Lon% JuJ ,s JooJ in JmoonJ (oo!B short JuJ ,s JuJ in JputJ 5ronounced like J(J #hen ,t the end o( , #ord ,nd in , (e# but o(ten used #ords (in most c,ses o( %erm,nic ori%in!, in %ener,l ,t the be%innin% o( $erm,n %eo%r,phic,l ,nd (,mil n,mes: In ,ll other c,ses like JvJ 5ronounced like JvJ 5ronounced like JksJ 5ronounced like JCJ (see belo#!, except in #ords o( )n%lish ori%in, #here it is e=uiv,lent: ;hort JoJ ,s JoJ in JpotJ
; (ess!
< (t, ! 3 (oo!
E ((o#!
A (v, ! [ (iks! L
(oopsilon ! pronounced like in )n%lish
' (tset! 5ronounced like JtsJ Mni\ue German letters umlaut letters 2ote th,t uml,uts #ere ori%in,ll #ritten ,s J,eJ, JoeJ, ,nd JueJ: Lon% / pronounced simil,r to lon% e (, ! Xu (,h-uml,ut-oo! 5ronounced like JoiJ in JoilJ 2o )n%lish e=uiv,lent sound (see Y (oh-uml,ut! belo#! X (,h-uml,ut!
2o )n%lish e=uiv,lent sound (see belo#! the /ormer ligature 6 Z (oo-uml,ut! V (ess-tset or sh,r(es ess! combined letters ch ck t7 ie ei eu ,u dt st sp sch tsch dsch 7sch, t7sch ph p( =u :::

5ronounced like JsJ in JsetJ or JcJ in JniceJB see belo# (or uses: 5ronounced v,rious #, s (see Konsonanten sounds belo#!
(ts, -h,h! (ts, -k,h! (t, -tset!
(ess-ts, -h,h!
5ronounced like JchJ (onl used in %eo%r,phic,l ,nd (,mil n,mes!
Audio8 Audio8
D$$ ("00I?! G Das Al"ha&et oder Das AB. D$$ (114I?! G Die =mlaute
`` ?e%innin% $erm,n e ?,sic $erm,n e .dv,nced $erm,n
5eutsche Aussprache ( German Pronunciation Guide

Vokale ( Vo els
$erm,n vo#els ,re either lon% or short, but never dr,#led ,s in some )n%lish di,lects: . simple method o( reco%ni7in% #hether , vo#el is likel to be lon% or short in , $erm,n #ord is c,lled the /ule of double consonants: I( , vo#el is (ollo#ed b , sin%le conson,nt K ,s in ha&en (h,ve!, dir ( ou, dat1!, 4eter (5eter!, ,nd schon (,lre,d ! K the vo#el sound is usu,ll long: I( there ,re t#o or more conson,nts (ollo#in% the vo#el K ,s in /alsch ((,lse!, el/ (eleven!, immer (,l#, s!, ,nd noch (still! K the vo#el sound is usu,ll short: <here ,re some $erm,n #ords th,t ,re exceptions to the
double conson,nt rule8 &in, &is, das, es, hat, ,nd was ,ll h,ve short vo#el sounds: It is ,lso the c,se th,t the silent JhJ does not count ,s , conson,nt ,nd the preceedin% vo#el is ,l#, s lon%: 9hnen is ,n ex,mple: <his >rule> is ,pplied to the use o( JssJ vs: JVJ (see belo#!, in th,t JVJ is tre,ted ,s , sin%le conson,nt: <hus, the vo#el be(ore JVJ in der Fu6 ((oot! is lon%, #hile th,t be(ore JssJ in das Fass (c,sk! is short:
au a J.h-ooJ is prononced like Jo#J in )n%lish Jco J: $erm,n ex,mples ,re &lau (blue! ,nd auch (,lso see belo# under ach G uni=ue $erm,n sounds!: Ju a J.h-uml,ut-ooJ is pronounced like the $erm,n eu (, -ooB see next!: In #ritten ,nd printed $erm,n, J,eJ c,n be ,n ,ccept,ble subsitute (or J/J i( the l,tter is un,v,il,ble: eu a J. -ooJ is pronounced like JoiJ in )n%lish #ord JoilJ: $erm,n ex,mples ,re neun (nine! ,nd heute (tod, !: ie ,nd ei a J)e-, J h,s ex,ctl the s,me sound ,s , $erm,n lon% JiJB th,t is, like the JeeJ in JseenJ: J. -eeJ is pronounced like the JeiJ in Jhei%htJ: 2ote th,t this ,ppe,rs to be the opposite (or these t#o vo#el combin,tions in )n%lish, #here the rule is th,t the (irst vo#el is lon% ,nd the second is silent: Fonsider this #ord8 JdieJ K in $erm,n it is pronounced JdeeJ, in )n%lish like Jd eJ: <he #ord mein in $erm,n is the )n%lish JmineJ: In e((ect, JieJ (ollo#s the s,me rule ,s in )n%lish, #ith the (irst vo#el lon% (ee in $erm,n! ,nd the second vo#el silentB JeiJ is the e=uiv,lent sound in $erm,n to the )n%lish lon% JiJ ,s in JmineJ:
1onsonanten ( #onsonants
Nost $erm,n conson,nts ,re pronounced simil,r to the #, the ,re in )n%lish, #ith exceptions noted in column " ,bove: 4et,ils o( cert,in conson,nt sounds ,nd uses ,re discussed (urther here8
ch a 5ronounced like JkJ in m,n #ords o( $reek ori%in like .hrist or .hara$ter, but like JshJ in #ords o( French ori%in, ,nd JtchJ in #ords o( )n%lish ori%in: <he $erm,n sechs (six! is pronounced ver much simil,r to the )n%lish JsexJ: ;ee ,lso the discussion o( >ich-sound> belo#: <he pronunci,tion o( #ords #ith ,n initi,l JchJ (ollo#ed b , vo#el, ,s in .hina or .hemie v,ries8 in 6i%h $erm,n the >ich-sound> is the st,nd,rd pronunci,tion, but in ;outh $erm,n di,lect ,nd .ustri,n $erm,n JkJ is pre(erred: d, t, l, ,nd n a <hese letters ,re pronounced simil,rl in )n%lish ,nd $erm,n: 6o#ever, in pronouncin% these letters, the $erm,n extends his ton%ue up to the b,ck o( the b,se o( the teeth, cre,tin% , more dental sound: .s noted ,bove, JdJ is , Jdent,l dJ except ,t the end o( , #ord, #here it becomes , Jdent,l tJ: sch a in $erm,n J)ss-ts, -h,hJ is pronounced like JshJ, not JskJ ,s in )n%lish: $erm,n #ord ex,mple8 Sch*ler (student!: sp ,nd st a Ahere the combin,tions Jess-p, J or Jess-t, J ,ppe,r ,t the be%innin% o( , #ord, the JessJ sound becomes ,n JshJ sound: $erm,n ex,mples ,re s"ielen (pl, ! ,nd s"#t (l,te!: .n interestin% >exception> is , #ord like Bleisti/t (pencil!, #here the inside JstiJ is pronounced JshtiJ K ho#ever, this is , compound #ord (rom Blei (le,d! ,nd Sti/t (pen!: ;ome loc,l di,lects ho#ever pronounce ,ll occur,nces >sh,rp> (#ith ,n JessJ sound -- t pic,l (or 2orth $erm,n di,lects, especi,ll ne,r 6,mbur%! or >so(t> (#ith ,n JshJ sound -- t pic,l (or the ;#,bi,n di,lect!: ) a <he (ormer li%,ture (o( JssJ or Js7J!, Jess-tsetJ is #idel used in $erm,n, but its use is some#h,t more restricted in ver modern $erm,n (,l#, s pronounced like JsJ in JsoundJ!: JVJ is
used (or the sound JsJ in c,ses #here JssJ or JsJ c,nJt be used8 this is especi,ll ,(ter lon% vo#els ,nd diphthon%s (c(: the )n%lish us,%e o( JcJ like in JviceJ or J%rocer J!: <hus, the vo#el be(ore JVJ in der Fu6 ((oot! is lon%, #hile th,t be(ore JssJ in das Fass (c,sk! is short: JVJ ,ppe,rs ,(ter diphthon%s (J,uJ, JeiJ, JeuJ! bec,use the ,re lon%: In #ritten ,nd printed $erm,n, JssJ c,n be ,n ,ccept,ble subsitute (or JVJ i( the letter is un,v,il,ble: <he %reek letter, f, is not to be used ,s , substitute (or JVJ: 2ote th,t in ;#it7erl,nd, JVJ is ,l#, s #ritten ,s JssJ:
German !ounds not found in English

<here ,re sounds in the $erm,n l,n%u,%e th,t h,ve no re,l e=uiv,lent in the )n%lish l,n%u,%e: <hese ,re discussed here:
r a $erm,n l,n%u,%e h,s t#o pronunci,tions (or r8 <he more common is simili,r to the French r, , %uttur,l sound resemblin% , (r,ction,ted g, ,s (ound in .r,bic or some pronunci,tions o( modern $reek R: <he second pronounci,tion is , >rolled> r ,s in ;p,nish or ;cots: Its use is limited to ;#it7erl,nd ,nd p,rts o( ;outhern $erm,n : N (oh-uml,ut! a <he #ord >uml,ut> me,ns >ch,n%e in sound> ,nd ,n uml,uted JoJ ch,n%es to , sound #ith no e=uiv,lent in )n%lish: <he Jlon% RJ is m,de b (irst soundin% JooJ ,s in moon, then pursin% the lips ,s i( to #histle, ,nd ch,n%in% the sound to J,J ,s in JlateJ: .n ex,mple #ord is sch<n (be,uti(ul!: <he Jshort RJ sound is m,de b (irst soundin% JooJ, pursin% the lips, ,nd ch,n%in% the sound to JeJ ,s in Jpet: . Jshort RJ sounds ,ctu,ll ver simil,r to the JiJ in JsirJ: .n ex,mple #ord is zw<l/ (t#elve!: I( ou h,ve problems pronouncin% <, do not repl,ce it b >o> but b >e> (,s in el(! like in m,n $erm,n di,lects: In #ritten ,nd printed $erm,n, JoeJ c,n be ,n ,ccept,ble subsitute (or JRJ i( the l,tter is un,v,il,ble: A (oo-uml,ut! a .s #ith JRJ, Joo-uml,utJ is , rounded vo#el sound #ith no )n%lish e=uiv,lent: <he Jlon% CJ is m,de b (irst soundin% JooJ ,s in moon, then pursin% the lips ,s i( to #histle, ,nd ch,n%in% the sound to JeeJ ,s in JseenJ: .n ex,mple #ord is /r*h: <he Jshort CJ sound is m,de b (irst soundin% JooJ, pursin% the lips, ,nd ch,n%in% the sound to JiJ ,s in Jpit: .n ex,mple #ord is /*n/ ((ive!: I( ou h,ve problems pronouncin% *, do not repl,ce it b >u> but b >i> (,s in (ish! like in m,n $erm,n di,lects: In #ritten ,nd printed $erm,n, JueJ c,n be ,n ,ccept,ble subsitute (or JCJ i( the l,tter is un,v,il,ble: ach a <he letter combin,tion JchJ ,s in auch (,lso! is c,lled the >,ch-sound> ,nd resembles , thro,t-cle,rin% (%uttur,l! sound: It is used ,(ter J,J, JoJ, JuJ, ,nd J,uJ: It is pronounced some#h,t like >och> in Loch 2ess (lock, not loke! in its ori%in,l (orm: <he 6ebre# letter ,nd the .r,bic letter ,s #ell ,s continent,l ;p,nish 8 ,re pronounced the s,me ,s the >,ch-sound>: ich a <he >ich-sound> in $erm,n is ,lso some#h,t %uttur,l, like , more (orce(ul JhJ in )n%lish >hue>, >hu%e>: .nother ,ppro,ch is to s, >sh> #hile (,lmost! touchin% the p,lp,tine not #ith the tip but #ith the middle o( our ton%ue: In the #ord richtig (>correct>! both the JichJ ,nd the (in,l Ji%J h,ve this sound: It is used ,(ter JeJ, JiJ, J J, J/J, JRJ, JCJ, JeiJ, JeuJ, J/uJ, ,(ter conson,nt-letters ,nd sometimes ,t the be%innin% o( #ords (especi,ll be(ore JeJ, JiJ, J J, J/J, JRJ!: I( ou h,ve problems pronouncin% ich, repl,ce #ith the sound o( JhueJ or b JshJ but never b , h,rd JkJ (never >ick>!W In some p,rts o( $erm,n >ich>, ,s #ell ,s the (in,l Ji%J, is pronounced >ish>: In .ustri, ,nd some loc,l di,lects o( $erm,n the (in,l Ji%J (,s in >richti%>! is simpl pronounced ,s in )n%lish >di%>:
Audio8 D$$ ("&I?! G ach, auch, ich, richtig
!yllable !tress
<he %ener,l rule in $erm,n is th,t #ords ,re stressed on the (irst s ll,ble: 6o#ever, there ,re exceptions: .lmost ,ll exceptions ,re o( l,tin, (rench, or %reek ori%in: Nostl these ,re #ords stressed on the l,st s ll,ble, ,s sho#n b the (ollo#in%8
1oT`(al =onTsoT`nant De(TtiT`on
<hese #ords (not stressed on the (irst s ll,ble! ,ppe,r in the (Level II ,nd III! lesson voc,bul,ries ,s Vokal, Konsonant, !e$tion (in some re%ions8 !e$tion!, etc:
A%&+ ' Phrase book
German Phrases Greetings

H!ll 4 Guten T!g4 T!g4 Guten 1 rgen4 Guten 3.end4 Gute N!cht4 Wie geht es *hnen0 Wie geht6s Es geht mir gut 9rim!4 Spitze4 Gut4 Sehr gut4 T ll4 G!nz gut S l!l! Es geht s Nicht gut Schlecht Sehr schlecht 1iser!.el 'nd *hnen0 3u% Wiedersehen4 @Wiedersehen4 Tsch/ss4 Tsch!u4 Bis spter4 Bis d!nn4 Wiederhren
1
Hello! Good da5! Good da5! Good %orning! Good e>ening! Good night! Ho are 5ou ".or%al$? Ho Ho are 5ou "in.or%al$ I'% doing .ine, I'% ell Great! Su-er! Good! 1er5 good! 9erri.ic! 3rett5 good 6= Going o( )ot ell &ad 1er5 bad Miserable ,nd 5ou ".or%al$?
are 5ou doing?
Good b5e! &5e! See 5ou! 4iao! "Italian .or 'see 5ou'$ Dater! "until later$ Dater! "until hene>er$ "hear$ again "used o>er the -hone$
2ote8 Wiedersehen directl tr,nsl,tes ,s >to see ,%,in>:
GesprJche =conversations?
0an(e "sehr$! 0an(e schn! &itte? &itte "sehr$! /ntschuldigung! 9han(s, than( 5ou 9han(s a lot! 3lease? ?ou're elco%e! "co%es a.ter dan(e$ /Hcuse %e!
1ielen 0an( Gern geschehen
Much than(s ?ou are elco%e
Verstehen =understanding?
&itte, s-rechen Sie et as langsa%er. =nnen Sie %ich >erstehen? Ich >erstehe Sie nicht. Was haben Sie gesagt? =nnen Sie das bitte iederholen? Ich s-reche (ein 0eutsch. Ger%an$ Ich s-reche nur ein bisschen 0eutsch. 3lease s-ea( so%e hat slo er 4an 5ou understand %e? I don't understand 5ou. What as that? What ha>e 5ou said? 4an 5ou sa5 that again, -lease! I don't s-ea( Ger%an "literall5: I s-ea( no I s-ea( onl5 a little Ger%an
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"nline WNrterbAcher P 5ictionary

5eutschPEnglisch =GermanPEnglish?

Aiktion,r - )n%lish Aiktion,r - $erm,n dicolo%os re,ll this is , multil,n%u,%e diction,r #ith o(er &:000:000 lemm,s in sever,l l,n%u,%es: ?,b lon ?,b lon Dnline 4iction,r L)D - #ith ,udio(iles o( most o( the #ords ,nd voc,bul,r tr,iner: 4ict:cc 5ons - 4iction,r #ith voc,bul,r tr,iner:
Dur 5eutsch P German only

4A4;- 4,s di%it,le ARrterbuch der deutschen ;pr,che - $erm,n onl diction,r (or ,dv,nced le,rners: 4eutsche ARrterbCcher von A,hri% - Drtho%r,ph ,nd (orei%n #ords +edens,rtenindex - $erm,n idioms ,nd proverbs #ith expl,n,tions
!lidesho s ith pictures and pronuciations

L,n%u,%e courses $erm,n ,t the time o( insertion there is onl one (ile ,bout (ruit - I #ill tr to ,dd ne# ones ever #eek-end:
5eutsche Grammatik und /echtschreibungP German Grammar and !pelling

F,noo - extensive d,t,b,se ,bout in(lection ,nd #ord (orm,tion 4ie neue +echtschreibun% G -he new s"elling Free online $erm,n course - ne# ortho%r,ph , %r,mm,r, exercises, tests, ex,mple sentences, @okes, le,rnin% tips
Aussprache P Pronunciation
. $uide to %erm,n 5ronunci,tion - 5ronunci,tion course (or be%inners:
Elogs

4eutschlernblo% <ips (or le,rnin% $erm,n: ;ite entirel in $erm,n: 4,F-?lo% Dn $erm,n l,n%u,%e ,nd ho# to le,rn it: 5,rts o( the ;ite ,re in )n%lish, but most o( it in $erm,n: 4eutsch-6,ppen sm,ll, bite-si7ed sn,ps o( $erm,n l,n%u,%e (or the ,dv,ncin% le,rner
Podcasts
from learners
;pe,ken ;ie 4eutschP8 5odc,st (rom F,n,di,n 6u%h $ordon (+ss-Feed!:
for learners

$uter 3m%,n%8 $erm,n l,n%u,%e le,rnin% blo% ,bout collo=ui,l $erm,n (+;;-Feed!: LetJs spe,k $erm,n8 Hokes, poems, ton%uet#isters ,nd more in $erm,n (+;;-Feed!: 5odc,sts o( 4eutsche Aelle8 2,chrichten, <op-<hem,, ;tich#ort, ;pr,chb,r ,nd .llt,%sdeutsch ,re speci(ic,ll m,de (or l,n%u,%e le,rners: Nost o( the texts c,n be (ound on the p,%es 4eutsch im Fokus (;pr,chb,r, ;tich#ort ,nd .llt,%sdeutsch! ,nd 4id,ktuelles (2,chrichten ,nd <op-<hem,!:
Tandem
<,ndem b )-N,il
A%&0 ' Dames
,irst Dames
$erm,n n,mes h,ve under%one , dr,stic ch,n%e in the l,st 10 e,rs: Dlder, >t pic,l> $erm,n n,mes like :ans, ,rit-, :einrich, 1arl or Wilhelm ,re no# uncommon in contempor,r $erm,n : <od, m,n p,rents %ive their children n,mes like (ten most popul,r n,mes *00"!8 Eoys 1: N,ximili,n *: .lex,nder ": Leon 4: 5,ul 0: Luk,s9Luc,s 1: Felix &: Luc, -: 4,vid 9: <im 10:Hon,s Girls 1: N,rie *: ;ophie ": N,ri, 4: .nn,, .nne 0: Le,(h! 1: L,ur, &: Len, -: Leonie 9: Huli, 10:;,r,(h!
(;ource8 $esellsch,(t (Cr deutsche ;pr,che! Eoys@ Dames

N,ximili,n .lex,nder Leon 5,ul Luk,s9Luc,s Felix Luc, 4,vid <im $erh,rd, $erd, $ert In%o Hon,s 5eter Nich,el <hom,s 9 <om,s Aol(%,n% .ndre,s
$Cnter 9 $Cnther Fl,us 9 Il,us .dolph HCr%en ;te(,n 9 ;teph,n Aerner 6,ns Frit7 6einrich 3#e +udi Hens
Girls@ Dames

2in, 3rsul,, 3ll, 6el%, I,rin In%rid +en,te ;,bine Nonic, 9 Nonik, $iesel, 9 $isel, ;us,nne 5etr, ?ir%it 9 ?ir%itt N,rie ;ophie N,ri, .nn,, .nne Le,(h! L,r, L,ur, Len, Leonie Lis, Huli, ;,r,(h!
Last Dames

.ckerm,nn ?,chm,nn ?/cker, ?ecker ?,uer ?, er, ?,ier, ?eier
?er%m,nn ?r,nd, ?r,ndt, ?r,nt Fischer Fuchs 6,rtm,nn 6o((m,nn, 6o(m,nn H,nssen H/%er Hun% Ieiser, I,iser Ieller Ionr,d Io#,lski Ilein Ioch Iur7 L,n%e Lehm,nn N, er, N,ier, Ne er, Neier NRller NCller 2eum,nn +eiter +ichter ;eiler ;chmidt,;chmid, ;chmitt ;chn,pp ;chneider ;chrRder ;chul7e, ;chult7e ;chuster ;chCler Eo%el, Eo%l A,%ner 'immerm,nn
A%&2 ' :istory
<he histor o( the $erm,n l,n%u,%e be%ins #ith the 6i%h $erm,n conson,nt shi(t durin% the Ni%r,tion period, sep,r,tin% ;outh $erm,nic di,lects (rom common Aest $erm,nic: <he e,rliest testimonies o( Dld 6i%h $erm,n ,re (rom sc,ttered )lder Futh,rk inscriptions, especi,ll in .lem,nnic, (rom the 1th centur , the e,rliest %losses (.bro%,ns! d,te to the -th ,nd the oldest coherent texts (the 6ildebr,ndslied, the Nuspilli ,nd the Nersebur% Inc,nt,tions! to the 9th centur : Dld ;,xon ,t this time belon%s to the 2orth ;e, $erm,nic cultur,l sphere, ,nd Lo# $erm,n should (,ll under $erm,n r,ther th,n .n%lo-Frisi,n in(luence durin% the 6ol +om,n )mpire: .s $erm,n #,s divided into m,n di((erent st,tes, the onl (orce #orkin% (or , uni(ic,tion or st,nd,rdis,tion o( $erm,n durin% , period o( sever,l hundred e,rs #,s the %ener,l pre(erence o( #riters tr in% to #rite in , #, th,t could be understood in the l,r%est possible ,re,: Ahen N,rtin Luther tr,nsl,ted the ?ible (the 2e# <est,ment in 10** ,nd the Dld <est,ment, published in p,rts ,nd completed in 10"4! he b,sed his tr,nsl,tion m,inl on this ,lre,d developed l,n%u,%e, #hich #,s the most #idel understood l,n%u,%e ,t this time: <his l,n%u,%e #,s b,sed on ),stern 3pper ,nd ),stern Fentr,l $erm,n di,lects ,nd preserved much o( the %r,mm,tic,l s stem o( Niddle 6i%h $erm,n (unlike the spoken $erm,n di,lects in Fentr,l ,nd 3pper $erm,n th,t ,lre,d ,t th,t time be%,n to lose the %enitive c,se ,nd the preterit tense!: In the be%innin%, copies o( the ?ible h,d , lon% list (or e,ch re%ion, #hich tr,nsl,ted #ords unkno#n in the re%ion into the re%ion,l di,lect: +om,n F,tholics re@ected LutherJs tr,nsl,tion in the be%innin% ,nd tried to cre,te their o#n F,tholic st,nd,rd (%emeines 4eutsch! K #hich, ho#ever, onl di((ered (rom J5rotest,nt $erm,nJ in some minor det,ils: It took until the middle o( the 1-th centur to cre,te , st,nd,rd th,t #,s #idel ,ccepted, thus endin% the period o( ),rl 2e# 6i%h $erm,n: $erm,n used to be the l,n%u,%e o( commerce ,nd %overnment in the 6,bsbur% )mpire, #hich encomp,ssed , l,r%e ,re, o( Fentr,l ,nd ),stern )urope: 3ntil the mid-19th centur it #,s essenti,ll the l,n%u,%e o( to#nspeople throu%hout most o( the )mpire: It indic,ted th,t the spe,ker #,s , merch,nt, ,n urb,nite, not their n,tion,lit : ;ome cities, such ,s 5r,%ue ($erm,n8 5r,%! ,nd ?ud,pest (?ud,, $erm,n8 D(en!, #ere %r,du,ll $erm,ni7ed in the e,rs ,(ter their incorpor,tion into the 6,bsbur% dom,in: Dthers, such ,s ?r,tisl,v, ($erm,n8 5ressbur%!, #ere ori%in,ll settled durin% the 6,bsbur% period ,nd #ere prim,ril $erm,n ,t th,t time: . (e# cities such ,s Nil,n ($erm,n8 N,il,nd! rem,ined prim,ril non-$erm,n: 6o#ever, most cities #ere prim,ril $erm,n durin% this time, such ,s 5r,%ue, ?ud,pest, ?r,tisl,v,, ',%reb ($erm,n8 .%r,m!, ,nd L@ubl@,n, ($erm,n8 L,ib,ch!, thou%h the #ere surrounded b territor th,t spoke other l,n%u,%es: 3ntil ,bout 1-00, st,nd,rd $erm,n #,s ,lmost onl , #ritten l,n%u,%e: .t this time, people in urb,n northern $erm,n , #ho spoke di,lects ver di((erent (rom ;t,nd,rd $erm,n, le,rnt it ,lmost like , (orei%n l,n%u,%e ,nd tried to pronounce it ,s close to the spellin% ,s possible: 5rescriptive pronunci,tion %uides used to consider northern $erm,n pronunci,tion to be the st,nd,rd: 6o#ever, the ,ctu,l pronunci,tion o( st,nd,rd $erm,n v,ries (rom re%ion to re%ion: Nedi, ,nd #ritten #orks ,re ,lmost ,ll produced in st,nd,rd $erm,n (o(ten c,lled 6ochdeutsch in $erm,n! #hich is understood in ,ll ,re,s #here $erm,n is spoken, except b pre-school children in ,re,s #hich spe,k onl di,lect, (or ex,mple ;#it7erl,nd: 6o#ever, in this ,%e o( television, even the
no# usu,ll le,rn to underst,nd ;t,nd,rd $erm,n be(ore school ,%e: <he (irst diction,r o( the ?rothers $rimm, the 11 p,rts o( #hich #ere issued bet#een 1-0* ,nd 1-10, rem,ins the most comprehensive %uide to the #ords o( the $erm,n l,n%u,%e: In 1-10, %r,mm,tic,l ,nd ortho%r,phic rules (irst ,ppe,red in the 4uden 6,ndbook: In 1901, this #,s decl,red the st,nd,rd de(inition o( the $erm,n l,n%u,%e: D((ici,l revisions o( some o( these rules #ere not issued until 199-, #hen the $erm,n spellin% re(orm o( 1991 #,s o((ici,ll promul%,ted b %overnment,l represent,tives o( ,ll $erm,n-spe,kin% countries: ;ince the re(orm, $erm,n spellin% h,s been in ,n ei%ht- e,r tr,nsition,l period #here the re(ormed spellin% is t,u%ht in most schools, #hile tr,dition,l ,nd re(ormed spellin% co-exist in the medi,: ;ee $erm,n spellin% re(orm o( 1991 (or ,n overvie# o( the he,ted public deb,te concernin% the re(orm #ith some m,@or ne#sp,pers ,nd m,%,7ines ,nd sever,l kno#n #riters re(usin% to ,dopt it: .(ter the spellin% re(orm o( 1991 let to so much public controvers ,nd some o( its ch,n%ed rules introduced ne# ,mbi%uities or #ere simpl perceived ,s >u%l >, the tr,nsition,l period (initi,ll scheduled to end on 4ec, "1: *000! #,s extended until ,t le,st end *001 ,nd some p,rts o( the re(orm #ere ch,n%ed ,%,in in N,rch *001: <his ne# >re(orm o( the re(orm> tries to remove the ,mbi%uities introduced in 1991: <o d,te (.pril *001!, it is et to be ,ccepted b ,ll %erm,n spe,kin% countries:
A%&3 ' ,alse ,riends
<here ,re some #ords #hich ,re spelled the s,me in )n%lish ,nd in $erm,n, but h,ve completel di((erent me,nin%s: )ven thou%h the #ords ,re spelled the s,me, the ,re usu,ll pronounced completel di((erentl : It c,n sometimes be d,n%erous to use these #ords ((or both n,tive )n%lish spe,kers ,nd n,tive $erm,n spe,kers:! <hink o( th,t, next time someone #,nts to %ive ou , > $i(t> or opens , door ,nd s, s > .(ter ouW> Dote8 <his list cont,ins some items o( et molo%ic,l interest: For ex,mple, the tr,ns(orm,tion o( the conson,nt JtJ in $erm,n to JdJ in )n%lish in #ord p,irs like ?,rt-M?e,rd, ?eet-M?ed, $ut-M$ood, 6,rtM6,rd, +ot-M+ed, ,nd 2ot-M2eed:
Word .(ter .n%el .p,rt .rm .rt .ss ?,d ?,%%er
German meaning =in English? Englische Eedeutung =auf 5eutsch? .nus ;p/ter, 2,chher Fishin% +od )n%el ;trikin% .b%esondert, .bseits 5oor .rm Iind, sort, species Iunst, ICnstlichkeit .ce )sel, 4ump(b,cke, In,llkop( ?,th ;chlecht, ;chlimm )xc,v,tor .n%esteller im ;uperm,rkt der die )ink/u(e in <Cten p,ckt
?,ld ?,n% ?,r ?,rt ?,t ?eet ?itten ?l,nk ?lech ?o% ?r,nd
;oon 3nbeh,,rt, I,hlkRp(i% .(r,id In,ll, Ir,ch, ;ch,ll in F,sh, 5ure ;t,b (see ,lso8 ;t,b! ?e,rd 2,me eines N,nnes ,sked politel , re=uested Flederm,us Flo#er bed 'uckerruebe, rote +uebe to ,sk politel , re=uest %ebissen ;hin , ;hinin% 3nbeschri(tet, 3n,us%e(Cllt ;heet met,l .usdruck des )kels to <#ist, Form, ?end ;ump(, <or(moor Fire N,rkenprodukt
4i,mond ?rilli,nt ?lendend, $eistvoll ?u% Front o( , bo,t or pl,ne L,us, Insekt, ;tRrun% ;i%n Iind
Fhild
4,nk
<h,nks Feucht
4ick )l( F,lls F,n% F,t,l F,st F,sten Fee Fell Fern First Flo% Fort Funk $,n% $i(t
<hick ;chnC((ler, ;ch#,n7, der stei(e 5enis <e,m, )leven )l(e, Iobold I(, in c,se A,sser(/lle F,tch +eiV7,hn 3n(ortun,te Eerh/n%nisvoll, 3nheilvoll, <Rdlich .lmost, 2e,rl ;chnell F,st ?e(esti%en F,ir 5reise, $ebChr Fo,t (,nim,l! (/llen F,r ,#, , 4ist,nt F,rnkr,ut +id%e 'uerst Fle# 5eitschen, .uspeitschen .#, , D((, $one Festun%, I,stell +,dio 4rCckeber%er, Nusik von 19&0Js A,lk, $,it, A, $ruppe, ?,nde, <rupp 5oison $,be, $eschenk
$r,b $r,d $rub $ut 6,ck 6,l( 6,nd 6,n%
$r,ve .u(%rei(en, )r%rei(en 4e%ree (temper,ture! einen ,k,demischen $r,d erl,n%en du% Futter $ood 4,rm (;chnecke und Iette! 6e,l 6eib, Ierbe, 'erh,cken 6elped 6,lb Fell 5hone 5r,ktisch, 5,ssend, 6,ndlich ;lope, Inclin,tion 6/n%en, 6enken
?it, Norsel 6,ppen 'u(/lli% $eschehen, Eorkommen, 5,ssieren 6,rt 6eck 6eld 6ell 6erd 6ose 6ub 6,rd 6irsch ?,ck o( , bo,t or pl,ne A,s 7um <eu(elP (Ah,t the 6eckP! 6ero $eh,lten ?ri%ht 6Rlle Fooker, Dven, +,n%e 6erde 5,nts ;chl,uch <hro#, Lob, ;#in% (see ,lso8 Lob! Aickelkern, 2,be
Lobster 6ummer Hem,nd der summt 6ut 6,t 6Ctte child .rt, ;orte
Iind
L,bor L,ck L,% L,st Lied Links List Lob Lo% Lot Lust N,de
L,bor,tor .rbeit E,rnish In,ppheit, N,n%el L, 7urueckbleiben, 7oe%ern Lo,d, ?urden, Aei%ht 'ulet7t ;on% $elo%en Le(t EerknCp(un%, Eerbindun%en Funnin% ;chl,%seite 5r,ise Aer(, 6ub (see ,lso8 6ub! Lied ?lock, Ilot7 5lumb (line! 5,7ille, die Nen%e, die N,sse <o (eel like doin% somethin% ;innliche ?e%ierde N,%%ot 6er%estellt, $em,cht
N,ul Nist 2ot 2ote 2un 5est +,n% +,d +,t +e%,l +ind +ock +om,n +ot ;,%e ;ee
Nouth (,nim,l! der ;chle%el, ?esch/di%en, 4urchprC%eln N,nure, <r,sh leichter 2ebel distress, need 2icht $r,de (in school! bemerken, ,u(schreiben, kleiner ?rie( AellP die ;ch#ester (im Iloster!, 2onne 5l,%ue 2ervens/%e +,nk $eklin%elt, $eklun%en Aheel .usdruck der ?e#underun% (#ie $eil! .dvice die +,tte ;helves N,@est/tisch, IRni%lich, 6oheitsvoll ?ee(, F,ttle ;ch#,rte, ;ch,le ;kirt ;tein, Fels 2ovel der +Rmer +ed Eerrotten, Eer#esun% 6istor , N th Aeise, Ilu%, $escheit L,ke ;iehe
;ense
;c the A,hrnehmun%, ?edeutun%, Eerst,nd, ;inn
2e# Le,rs )ve ;ilvester 2,me eines N,nnes ;peck ;pore ;pur ;t,b ;t,re ;t,rk ;tern <,% <,n% <,ste <oll <od <on <ot ?,con Fleck ;pur (see ,lso8 ;pur! ;pore (5il7e! <r,ce, <r,cks, L,ne ;chi((sschn,bel, ;porn, .nsporn (see ,lso8 ;pore! +od, 5ole, ?,ton, ?,r (see ,lso8 ?,r! )rstechen ;t,rlin%s ,nst,rren ;tron% ERlli%, $/n7lich ;t,r )rnst, d,s 6eck 4, N,rkierstelle, Ienn7eichnun% ;e,#eed .merik,nisches Dr,n%en%etr/nk Ie (,s in ke bo,rd! Iostprobe, $eschm,ckssinn $re,tW ;uperW 'oll,b%,be, ;tr,Venbenut7un%s%ebChr 4e,th, 4e,d 2,me eines N,nnes Fl, , , ;ound die <onne 4e,d kleines Iind, kleiner Inirps
A,de A,nd A,r A,s Aelt Aetter Aider
c,l( (o( the le%! #,ten A,ll der ',uberst,b A,s (see ,lso8 A,s! Irie% Ah,tP #urde9#,r (see ,lso8 A,r! Aorld Su,ddel, ?eule Ae,ther 2,sser .%,inst, Fontr,r to Aeiter, ?reiter
.lthou%h not spelled identic,ll in both l,n%u,%es, be%inners ,re o(ten con(used b the simil,rit o( the $erm,n >bekommen> ,nd )n%lish >to become>: bekommen \M to receive, to %et #erden \M to become
.bout
#urrent 5evelopment

$ener,l8 the m,in t,lk p,%e: Lessons8 Lessons pl,nnin% p,%e:
5o nloadable and Print Versions

Fomplete 5rint Eersion Fomplete 54F Eersion
Lessons Information
. print .ersion o( $erm,n lessons is ,v,il,ble:
Lesson 5l,nnin% 4o#nlo,d,ble ,nd 5rint Eersions
3pd,tin%8 I( , lesson is ,dded or the n,me o( ,n existin% lesson is ch,n%ed, ple,se upd,te8 <he print version <he level one m,in p,%e, <he level t#o m,in p,%e, <he level three m,in p,%e, <he level (our m,in p,%e, or <he level (ive m,in p,%e It is not necess,r to upd,te these versions i( the sections #ithin these m,in lesson p,%es ,re ,ltered:
Templates
.ll <empl,tes Flick here
Authors
Ahile Aikibooks o((ers some#h,t cle,rer opportunities (or >,uthorship> th,n Aikipedi,, there rem,ins the (,ct th,t ,n thin% put here is re,ll @ust , contribution, ,nd ever one #ho (urthers the e((ort is , contributor: In this respect there re,ll ,re no >,uthors>: 3ncert,in ho# to contributeP <o le,rn ho# to edit or contribute m,teri,l to this textbook, (irst re,d the introduction ,t8 3o" to :dit%
;,m) is developin% the Level I lessons ,nd contributed m,teri,l to the Level II lessons be(ore Level I #,s cre,ted: 6e is currentl t,kin% $erm,n in school ,nd usin% th,t experience to %uide his ,ppro,ch to te,chin% the be%innin% student: ?oit is developin% , $erm,n $r,mm,r summ,ri7,tion: <hom,s ;trohm,nn, , $erm,n spe,ker, h,s contributed to this book, ,lthou%h he is mostl involved in developin% the ;p,nish textbookK,lon% #ith H,p,nese the ver (irst l,n%u,%e textbooks st,rted ,t Aikibooks: )tothex #,s the ori%in,l contributor to the $erm,n-)n%lish textbook, st,rtin% it on Dctober 10, *00": Flo(lei1 is , $erm,n student o( )n%lish ,s , second l,n%u,%e ,nd , ne#bie ,t #iki: <he $r,mm,r Iin% is currentl , $erm,n student, ,nd is ver (,mili,r #ith $erm,n culture: 6e is ,lso , ne#bie ,t Aiki, ,nd pl,ns on editin% the p,%e #ith cultur,l notes ,nd other cultur,l in(orm,tion, ,s #ell ,s more in(orm,tion to the Level I course: $erm,n Nen9* is currentl still stud in% $erm,n, but kno#s some m,n #ords ,nd $erm,n $r,mmer: 6e is pro%ressin% p,%es in the Level I course: .nd is ,lso stud in% $ermen Fulture: Dthers (,dd our n,me ,nd thou%hts here i( ou ,re , serious contributor! Dther ,non mous Aikibook contributers (see individu,l p,%e histories!: 2umerous other Aikibooks contributors, especi,ll those (rom the $erm,n Aikibooks:
:istory
<he $erm,n-)n%lish l,n%u,%e textbook #,s st,rted in Dctober *00": It #,s one o( the (irst l,n%u,%e textbooks ,t the )n%lish version o( Aikibooks, (ollo#in% close on the heels o( (,nd borro#in% some l, out ide,s (rom! the ;p,nish l,n%u,%e textbook then under development b <hom,s ;trohm,nn: )ric $uinther desi%ned the cover ,nd contents p,%es, exp,ndin% on , cover l, out used (or the ;p,nish textbook, ,nd these ide,s ,s introductions to l,n%u,%e books h,ve since been #idel copied ,t Aikibooks (see 4utch, French, Fhinese, 2or#e%i,n, or +om,ni,n (or ex,mples!:
GDM ,/EE 5"#MBEDTATI"D LI#ED!E
Eersion 1:*, 2ovember *00*

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<he purpose o( this License is to m,ke , m,nu,l, textbook, or other (unction,l ,nd use(ul document >(ree> in the sense o( (reedom8 to ,ssure ever one the e((ective (reedom to cop ,nd redistribute it, #ith or #ithout modi( in% it, either commerci,ll or noncommerci,ll : ;econd,ril , this License preserves (or the ,uthor ,nd publisher , #, to %et credit (or their #ork, #hile not bein% considered responsible (or modi(ic,tions m,de b others: <his License is , kind o( >cop le(t>, #hich me,ns th,t deriv,tive #orks o( the document must themselves be (ree in the s,me sense: It complements the $23 $ener,l 5ublic License, #hich is , cop le(t license desi%ned (or (ree so(t#,re: Ae h,ve desi%ned this License in order to use it (or m,nu,ls (or (ree so(t#,re, bec,use (ree so(t#,re needs (ree document,tion8 , (ree pro%r,m should come #ith m,nu,ls providin% the s,me (reedoms th,t the so(t#,re does: ?ut this License is not limited to so(t#,re m,nu,lsB it c,n be used (or ,n textu,l #ork, re%,rdless o( sub@ect m,tter or #hether it is published ,s , printed book: Ae recommend this License princip,ll (or #orks #hose purpose is instruction or re(erence:
$% APPLI#AEILITO AD5 5E,IDITI"D!

<his License ,pplies to ,n m,nu,l or other #ork, in ,n medium, th,t cont,ins , notice pl,ced b the cop ri%ht holder s, in% it c,n be distributed under the terms o( this License: ;uch , notice %r,nts , #orld-#ide, ro ,lt -(ree license, unlimited in dur,tion, to use th,t #ork under the conditions st,ted herein: <he >4ocument>, belo#, re(ers to ,n such m,nu,l or #ork: .n member o( the public is , licensee, ,nd is ,ddressed ,s > ou>: Lou ,ccept the license i( ou cop , modi( or distribute the #ork in , #, re=uirin% permission under cop ri%ht l,#: . >Nodi(ied Eersion> o( the 4ocument me,ns ,n #ork cont,inin% the 4ocument or , portion o( it, either copied verb,tim, or #ith modi(ic,tions ,nd9or tr,nsl,ted into ,nother l,n%u,%e:
. >;econd,r ;ection> is , n,med ,ppendix or , (ront-m,tter section o( the 4ocument th,t de,ls exclusivel #ith the rel,tionship o( the publishers or ,uthors o( the 4ocument to the 4ocumentJs over,ll sub@ect (or to rel,ted m,tters! ,nd cont,ins nothin% th,t could (,ll directl #ithin th,t over,ll sub@ect: (<hus, i( the 4ocument is in p,rt , textbook o( m,them,tics, , ;econd,r ;ection m, not expl,in ,n m,them,tics:! <he rel,tionship could be , m,tter o( historic,l connection #ith the sub@ect or #ith rel,ted m,tters, or o( le%,l, commerci,l, philosophic,l, ethic,l or politic,l position re%,rdin% them: <he >Inv,ri,nt ;ections> ,re cert,in ;econd,r ;ections #hose titles ,re desi%n,ted, ,s bein% those o( Inv,ri,nt ;ections, in the notice th,t s, s th,t the 4ocument is rele,sed under this License: I( , section does not (it the ,bove de(inition o( ;econd,r then it is not ,llo#ed to be desi%n,ted ,s Inv,ri,nt: <he 4ocument m, cont,in 7ero Inv,ri,nt ;ections: I( the 4ocument does not identi( ,n Inv,ri,nt ;ections then there ,re none: <he >Fover <exts> ,re cert,in short p,ss,%es o( text th,t ,re listed, ,s Front-Fover <exts or ?,ck-Fover <exts, in the notice th,t s, s th,t the 4ocument is rele,sed under this License: . Front-Fover <ext m, be ,t most 0 #ords, ,nd , ?,ck-Fover <ext m, be ,t most *0 #ords: . ><r,nsp,rent> cop o( the 4ocument me,ns , m,chine-re,d,ble cop , represented in , (orm,t #hose speci(ic,tion is ,v,il,ble to the %ener,l public, th,t is suit,ble (or revisin% the document str,i%ht(or#,rdl #ith %eneric text editors or ((or im,%es composed o( pixels! %eneric p,int pro%r,ms or ((or dr,#in%s! some #idel ,v,il,ble dr,#in% editor, ,nd th,t is suit,ble (or input to text (orm,tters or (or ,utom,tic tr,nsl,tion to , v,riet o( (orm,ts suit,ble (or input to text (orm,tters: . cop m,de in ,n other#ise <r,nsp,rent (ile (orm,t #hose m,rkup, or ,bsence o( m,rkup, h,s been ,rr,n%ed to th#,rt or discour,%e subse=uent modi(ic,tion b re,ders is not <r,nsp,rent: .n im,%e (orm,t is not <r,nsp,rent i( used (or ,n subst,nti,l ,mount o( text: . cop th,t is not ><r,nsp,rent> is c,lled >Dp,=ue>: )x,mples o( suit,ble (orm,ts (or <r,nsp,rent copies include pl,in .;FII #ithout m,rkup, <exin(o input (orm,t, L,<e[ input (orm,t, ;$NL or [NL usin% , publicl ,v,il,ble 4<4, ,nd st,nd,rd-con(ormin% simple 6<NL, 5ost;cript or 54F desi%ned (or hum,n modi(ic,tion: )x,mples o( tr,nsp,rent im,%e (orm,ts include 52$, [FF ,nd H5$: Dp,=ue (orm,ts include propriet,r (orm,ts th,t c,n be re,d ,nd edited onl b propriet,r #ord processors, ;$NL or [NL (or #hich the 4<4 ,nd9or processin% tools ,re not %ener,ll ,v,il,ble, ,nd the m,chine-%ener,ted 6<NL, 5ost;cript or 54F produced b some #ord processors (or output purposes onl : <he ><itle 5,%e> me,ns, (or , printed book, the title p,%e itsel(, plus such (ollo#in% p,%es ,s ,re needed to hold, le%ibl , the m,teri,l this License re=uires to ,ppe,r in the title p,%e: For #orks in (orm,ts #hich do not h,ve ,n title p,%e ,s such, ><itle 5,%e> me,ns the text ne,r the most prominent ,ppe,r,nce o( the #orkJs title, precedin% the be%innin% o( the bod o( the text: . section >)ntitled [L'> me,ns , n,med subunit o( the 4ocument #hose title either is precisel [L' or cont,ins [L' in p,rentheses (ollo#in% text th,t tr,nsl,tes [L' in ,nother l,n%u,%e: (6ere [L' st,nds (or , speci(ic section n,me mentioned belo#, such ,s >.ckno#led%ements>, >4edic,tions>, >)ndorsements>, or >6istor >:! <o >5reserve the <itle> o( such , section #hen ou modi( the 4ocument me,ns th,t it rem,ins , section >)ntitled [L'> ,ccordin% to this de(inition: <he 4ocument m, include A,rr,nt 4iscl,imers next to the notice #hich st,tes th,t this License ,pplies to the 4ocument: <hese A,rr,nt 4iscl,imers ,re considered to be included b re(erence in this License, but onl ,s re%,rds discl,imin% #,rr,nties8 ,n other implic,tion th,t these A,rr,nt 4iscl,imers m, h,ve is void ,nd h,s no e((ect on the me,nin% o( this License:
+% VE/EATIB #"POIDG
Lou m, cop ,nd distribute the 4ocument in ,n medium, either commerci,ll or noncommerci,ll , provided th,t this License, the cop ri%ht notices, ,nd the license notice s, in% this License ,pplies to the 4ocument ,re reproduced in ,ll copies, ,nd th,t ou ,dd no other conditions #h,tsoever to those o( this License: Lou m, not use technic,l me,sures to obstruct or control the re,din% or (urther cop in% o( the copies ou m,ke or distribute: 6o#ever, ou m, ,ccept compens,tion in exch,n%e (or copies: I( ou distribute , l,r%e enou%h number o( copies ou must ,lso (ollo# the conditions in section ": Lou m, ,lso lend copies, under the s,me conditions st,ted ,bove, ,nd ou m, publicl displ, copies:
.% #"POIDG ID IMADTITO
I( ou publish printed copies (or copies in medi, th,t commonl h,ve printed covers! o( the 4ocument, numberin% more th,n 100, ,nd the 4ocumentJs license notice re=uires Fover <exts, ou must enclose the copies in covers th,t c,rr , cle,rl ,nd le%ibl , ,ll these Fover <exts8 Front-Fover <exts on the (ront cover, ,nd ?,ck-Fover <exts on the b,ck cover: ?oth covers must ,lso cle,rl ,nd le%ibl identi( ou ,s the publisher o( these copies: <he (ront cover must present the (ull title #ith ,ll #ords o( the title e=u,ll prominent ,nd visible: Lou m, ,dd other m,teri,l on the covers in ,ddition: Fop in% #ith ch,n%es limited to the covers, ,s lon% ,s the preserve the title o( the 4ocument ,nd s,tis( these conditions, c,n be tre,ted ,s verb,tim cop in% in other respects: I( the re=uired texts (or either cover ,re too voluminous to (it le%ibl , ou should put the (irst ones listed (,s m,n ,s (it re,son,bl ! on the ,ctu,l cover, ,nd continue the rest onto ,d@,cent p,%es: I( ou publish or distribute Dp,=ue copies o( the 4ocument numberin% more th,n 100, ou must either include , m,chine-re,d,ble <r,nsp,rent cop ,lon% #ith e,ch Dp,=ue cop , or st,te in or #ith e,ch Dp,=ue cop , computer-net#ork loc,tion (rom #hich the
%ener,l net#ork-usin% public h,s ,ccess to do#nlo,d usin% public-st,nd,rd net#ork protocols , complete <r,nsp,rent cop o( the 4ocument, (ree o( ,dded m,teri,l: I( ou use the l,tter option, ou must t,ke re,son,bl prudent steps, #hen ou be%in distribution o( Dp,=ue copies in =u,ntit , to ensure th,t this <r,nsp,rent cop #ill rem,in thus ,ccessible ,t the st,ted loc,tion until ,t le,st one e,r ,(ter the l,st time ou distribute ,n Dp,=ue cop (directl or throu%h our ,%ents or ret,ilers! o( th,t edition to the public: It is re=uested, but not re=uired, th,t ou cont,ct the ,uthors o( the 4ocument #ell be(ore redistributin% ,n l,r%e number o( copies, to %ive them , ch,nce to provide ou #ith ,n upd,ted version o( the 4ocument:
0% B"5I,I#ATI"D!
Lou m, cop ,nd distribute , Nodi(ied Eersion o( the 4ocument under the conditions o( sections * ,nd " ,bove, provided th,t ou rele,se the Nodi(ied Eersion under precisel this License, #ith the Nodi(ied Eersion (illin% the role o( the 4ocument, thus licensin% distribution ,nd modi(ic,tion o( the Nodi(ied Eersion to #hoever possesses , cop o( it: In ,ddition, ou must do these thin%s in the Nodi(ied Eersion8 A% 3se in the <itle 5,%e (,nd on the covers, i( ,n ! , title distinct (rom th,t o( the 4ocument, ,nd (rom those o( previous versions (#hich should, i( there #ere ,n , be listed in the 6istor section o( the 4ocument!: Lou m, use the s,me title ,s , previous version i( the ori%in,l publisher o( th,t version %ives permission: E% List on the <itle 5,%e, ,s ,uthors, one or more persons or entities responsible (or ,uthorship o( the modi(ic,tions in the Nodi(ied Eersion, to%ether #ith ,t le,st (ive o( the princip,l ,uthors o( the 4ocument (,ll o( its princip,l ,uthors, i( it h,s (e#er th,n (ive!, unless the rele,se ou (rom this re=uirement: #% ;t,te on the <itle p,%e the n,me o( the publisher o( the Nodi(ied Eersion, ,s the publisher: 5% 5reserve ,ll the cop ri%ht notices o( the 4ocument: E% .dd ,n ,ppropri,te cop ri%ht notice (or our modi(ic,tions ,d@,cent to the other cop ri%ht notices: ,% Include, immedi,tel ,(ter the cop ri%ht notices, , license notice %ivin% the public permission to use the Nodi(ied Eersion under the terms o( this License, in the (orm sho#n in the .ddendum belo#: G% 5reserve in th,t license notice the (ull lists o( Inv,ri,nt ;ections ,nd re=uired Fover <exts %iven in the 4ocumentJs license notice: :% Include ,n un,ltered cop o( this License: I% 5reserve the section )ntitled >6istor >, 5reserve its <itle, ,nd ,dd to it ,n item st,tin% ,t le,st the title, e,r, ne# ,uthors, ,nd publisher o( the Nodi(ied Eersion ,s %iven on the <itle 5,%e: I( there is no section )ntitled >6istor > in the 4ocument, cre,te one st,tin% the title, e,r, ,uthors, ,nd publisher o( the 4ocument ,s %iven on its <itle 5,%e, then ,dd ,n item describin% the Nodi(ied Eersion ,s st,ted in the previous sentence: Q% 5reserve the net#ork loc,tion, i( ,n , %iven in the 4ocument (or public ,ccess to , <r,nsp,rent cop o( the 4ocument, ,nd like#ise the net#ork loc,tions %iven in the 4ocument (or previous versions it #,s b,sed on: <hese m, be pl,ced in the >6istor > section: Lou m, omit , net#ork loc,tion (or , #ork th,t #,s published ,t le,st (our e,rs be(ore the 4ocument itsel(, or i( the ori%in,l publisher o( the version it re(ers to %ives permission: 1% For ,n section )ntitled >.ckno#led%ements> or >4edic,tions>, 5reserve the <itle o( the section, ,nd preserve in the section ,ll the subst,nce ,nd tone o( e,ch o( the contributor ,ckno#led%ements ,nd9or dedic,tions %iven therein: L% 5reserve ,ll the Inv,ri,nt ;ections o( the 4ocument, un,ltered in their text ,nd in their titles: ;ection numbers or the e=uiv,lent ,re not considered p,rt o( the section titles: B% 4elete ,n section )ntitled >)ndorsements>: ;uch , section m, not be included in the Nodi(ied Eersion: D% 4o not retitle ,n existin% section to be )ntitled >)ndorsements> or to con(lict in title #ith ,n Inv,ri,nt ;ection: "% 5reserve ,n A,rr,nt 4iscl,imers: I( the Nodi(ied Eersion includes ne# (ront-m,tter sections or ,ppendices th,t =u,li( ,s ;econd,r ;ections ,nd cont,in no m,teri,l copied (rom the 4ocument, ou m, ,t our option desi%n,te some or ,ll o( these sections ,s inv,ri,nt: <o do this, ,dd their titles to the list o( Inv,ri,nt ;ections in the Nodi(ied EersionJs license notice: <hese titles must be distinct (rom ,n other section titles: Lou m, ,dd , section )ntitled >)ndorsements>, provided it cont,ins nothin% but endorsements o( our Nodi(ied Eersion b v,rious p,rties--(or ex,mple, st,tements o( peer revie# or th,t the text h,s been ,pproved b ,n or%,ni7,tion ,s the ,uthorit,tive de(inition o( , st,nd,rd: Lou m, ,dd , p,ss,%e o( up to (ive #ords ,s , Front-Fover <ext, ,nd , p,ss,%e o( up to *0 #ords ,s , ?,ck-Fover <ext, to the end o( the list o( Fover <exts in the Nodi(ied Eersion: Dnl one p,ss,%e o( Front-Fover <ext ,nd one o( ?,ck-Fover <ext m, be ,dded b (or throu%h ,rr,n%ements m,de b ! ,n one entit : I( the 4ocument ,lre,d includes , cover text (or the s,me cover, previousl ,dded b ou or b ,rr,n%ement m,de b the s,me entit ou ,re ,ctin% on beh,l( o(, ou m, not ,dd ,notherB but ou m, repl,ce the old one, on explicit permission (rom the previous publisher th,t ,dded the old one: <he ,uthor(s! ,nd publisher(s! o( the 4ocument do not b this License %ive permission to use their n,mes (or publicit (or or to ,ssert or impl endorsement o( ,n Nodi(ied Eersion:
2% #"BEIDIDG 5"#MBEDT!
Lou m, combine the 4ocument #ith other documents rele,sed under this License, under the terms de(ined in section 4 ,bove (or modi(ied versions, provided th,t ou include in the combin,tion ,ll o( the Inv,ri,nt ;ections o( ,ll o( the ori%in,l documents, unmodi(ied, ,nd list them ,ll ,s Inv,ri,nt ;ections o( our combined #ork in its license notice, ,nd th,t ou preserve ,ll their A,rr,nt 4iscl,imers: <he combined #ork need onl cont,in one cop o( this License, ,nd multiple identic,l Inv,ri,nt ;ections m, be repl,ced #ith , sin%le cop : I( there ,re multiple Inv,ri,nt ;ections #ith the s,me n,me but di((erent contents, m,ke the title o( e,ch such section uni=ue b ,ddin% ,t the end o( it, in p,rentheses, the n,me o( the ori%in,l ,uthor or publisher o( th,t section i( kno#n, or else , uni=ue number: N,ke the s,me ,d@ustment to the section titles in the list o( Inv,ri,nt ;ections in the license notice o( the combined #ork: In the combin,tion, ou must combine ,n sections )ntitled >6istor > in the v,rious ori%in,l documents, (ormin% one section )ntitled >6istor >B like#ise combine ,n sections )ntitled >.ckno#led%ements>, ,nd ,n sections )ntitled >4edic,tions>: Lou must delete ,ll sections )ntitled >)ndorsements:>
3% #"LLE#TI"D! ", 5"#MBEDT!

Lou m, m,ke , collection consistin% o( the 4ocument ,nd other documents rele,sed under this License, ,nd repl,ce the individu,l copies o( this License in the v,rious documents #ith , sin%le cop th,t is included in the collection, provided th,t ou (ollo# the rules o( this License (or verb,tim cop in% o( e,ch o( the documents in ,ll other respects: Lou m, extr,ct , sin%le document (rom such , collection, ,nd distribute it individu,ll under this License, provided ou insert , cop o( this License into the extr,cted document, ,nd (ollo# this License in ,ll other respects re%,rdin% verb,tim cop in% o( th,t document:
4% AGG/EGATI"D WIT: ID5EPED5EDT W"/1!

. compil,tion o( the 4ocument or its deriv,tives #ith other sep,r,te ,nd independent documents or #orks, in or on , volume o( , stor,%e or distribution medium, is c,lled ,n >,%%re%,te> i( the cop ri%ht resultin% (rom the compil,tion is not used to limit the le%,l ri%hts o( the compil,tionJs users be ond #h,t the individu,l #orks permit: Ahen the 4ocument is included in ,n ,%%re%,te, this License does not ,ppl to the other #orks in the ,%%re%,te #hich ,re not themselves deriv,tive #orks o( the 4ocument: I( the Fover <ext re=uirement o( section " is ,pplic,ble to these copies o( the 4ocument, then i( the 4ocument is less th,n one h,l( o( the entire ,%%re%,te, the 4ocumentJs Fover <exts m, be pl,ced on covers th,t br,cket the 4ocument #ithin the ,%%re%,te, or the electronic e=uiv,lent o( covers i( the 4ocument is in electronic (orm: Dther#ise the must ,ppe,r on printed covers th,t br,cket the #hole ,%%re%,te:
6% T/AD!LATI"D
<r,nsl,tion is considered , kind o( modi(ic,tion, so ou m, distribute tr,nsl,tions o( the 4ocument under the terms o( section 4: +epl,cin% Inv,ri,nt ;ections #ith tr,nsl,tions re=uires speci,l permission (rom their cop ri%ht holders, but ou m, include tr,nsl,tions o( some or ,ll Inv,ri,nt ;ections in ,ddition to the ori%in,l versions o( these Inv,ri,nt ;ections: Lou m, include , tr,nsl,tion o( this License, ,nd ,ll the license notices in the 4ocument, ,nd ,n A,rr,nt 4iscl,imers, provided th,t ou ,lso include the ori%in,l )n%lish version o( this License ,nd the ori%in,l versions o( those notices ,nd discl,imers: In c,se o( , dis,%reement bet#een the tr,nsl,tion ,nd the ori%in,l version o( this License or , notice or discl,imer, the ori%in,l version #ill prev,il: I( , section in the 4ocument is )ntitled >.ckno#led%ements>, >4edic,tions>, or >6istor >, the re=uirement (section 4! to 5reserve its <itle (section 1! #ill t pic,ll re=uire ch,n%in% the ,ctu,l title:
7% TE/BIDATI"D
Lou m, not cop , modi( , sublicense, or distribute the 4ocument except ,s expressl provided (or under this License: .n other ,ttempt to cop , modi( , sublicense or distribute the 4ocument is void, ,nd #ill ,utom,tic,ll termin,te our ri%hts under this License: 6o#ever, p,rties #ho h,ve received copies, or ri%hts, (rom ou under this License #ill not h,ve their licenses termin,ted so lon% ,s such p,rties rem,in in (ull compli,nce:
$&% ,MTM/E /EVI!I"D! ", T:I! LI#ED!E

<he Free ;o(t#,re Found,tion m, publish ne#, revised versions o( the $23 Free 4ocument,tion License (rom time to time: ;uch ne# versions #ill be simil,r in spirit to the present version, but m, di((er in det,il to ,ddress ne# problems or concerns: ;ee http899###:%nu:or%9cop le(t9: ),ch version o( the License is %iven , distin%uishin% version number: I( the 4ocument speci(ies th,t , p,rticul,r numbered version o( this License >or ,n l,ter version> ,pplies to it, ou h,ve the option o( (ollo#in% the terms ,nd conditions either o( th,t speci(ied version or o( ,n l,ter version th,t h,s been published (not ,s , dr,(t! b the Free ;o(t#,re Found,tion: I( the 4ocument does not speci( , version number o( this License, ou m, choose ,n version ever published (not ,s , dr,(t! b the Free ;o(t#,re Found,tion:
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[1&4] $r,mm,r [1&-] .ppendices (.nh/n%e! [*04] .bout

[*00] .uthors [*01] $23 Free 4ocument,tion License

54F cre,ted b 6,%ind,7

The current version of this book can be found at

. <extbook on Five Levels

The German Language

German and English

Audio8 D$$ (114I?! G Hear these words

Audio8 D$$ (114I?! G Hear these sentences

Vocabulary and Grammar

Lesson 1 M * M " M 4 M ,nd on to the end o( the text:

Layout ithin Lessons

The !tudent and the Lesson

German Level "ne Lessons Introductory A Beginner's Course in German

.astle Neuschwanstein seen /rom the Marien&r*c$e

Level "ne #ontents

$%&& ' Introduction

!ection $%&$ ( Starting Point

!ection $%&+ ( Berlin German!

!ection $%&. ( Vienna Austria

!ection $%&0 ( Berne S"itzerland

!e)el +ne !essons

Lesson 1:00 O Introduction

German and English

:o to use this level of the German te<tbook

Layout of Each Lesson

Lesson 1:00 O Introduction

Section 0120 3 Starting 4oint

Lesson 1:01 O Aie 6eiVt duP

:ellos and Goodbyes in German

,ormal and Informal Greetings in German

Nr: Nrs: Ns:

The German Alphabet

Eitte buchstabieren !ie

Ban A Ban E Ban A Ban E

Der Junge s"ielt Fu6&all1 <he bo pl, s soccer:

>S"ielt der Junge Fu6&all7> 4oes the bo pl, soccer

Warum s"ielt der Junge Fu6&all7 Ah does the bo pl, soccerP

Der Junge s"ielte am Montag Fu6&all1 <he bo pl, ed soccer on Nond, :

Am Montag s"ielte der Junge Fu6&all1 Dn Nond, , the bo pl, ed soccer:

What@s "n the Test

Lesson 1:01 O Aie 6eiVt duP

Section 0120 3 Starting 4oint

Lesson 1:0* O Frei7eit

,ranGreta ,ranGreta ,ranGreta ,ran-

!ports and Activities

!pielenG Bachen and "ther Verbs

Plural -en -t -en

Was machst du7 Ah,t ,re ou doin%P

9ch s"iele Bas$et&all1 I pl, b,sketb,ll:

S"ielst du Fu6&all7 4o ou pl, soccerP

9ch mache Hausau/ga&en1 I do home#ork:

%r macht Hausau/ga&en1 6e does home#ork:

Machst du S"ort7 4o ou pl, sportsP

Warum s"ielst du Base&all7 Ah do ou pl, b,seb,llP

Wer hat Hausau/ga&en7 Aho h,s home#orkP

Wer s"ielt nicht Fu6&all7 Aho doesnJt pl, soccerP

Wir s"ielen nicht -ennis1 Ae donJt pl, tennis:

"ther Verbs and Their #onFugations

T o Bore Verb ,orms

E<pressing likes and dislikes

EeforeKAfter the :our

!aying When Oou 5o !omething

[00] .uthors [01] $23 Free 4ocument,tion License