04 Shortcircuitcalculations

Short Circuit Calculation
Sector Energy D SE PTI NC Steffen Schmidt
Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.
Standards and Terms
Page 2
28.06.2008
Steffen Schmidt
Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC
Purpose of Short Circuit Calculations Dimensioning of switching de ices Dynamic dimensioning of switchgear Therma! rating of e!ectrica! de ices "e.g. ca#!es$ Protection coordination %a&!t diagnostic In'&t data for Earthing st&dies Interference ca!c&!ations E(C '!anning )..
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Steffen Schmidt
Short Circuit Calculation Standards IEC 60+0+, Short-Circ&it C&rrent Ca!c&!ation in Three-Phase ..C. Systems E&ro'ean Standard EN 60+0+ /erman Nationa! Standard DIN 0DE 0102 f&rther Nationa! Standards Engineering 2ecommendation /3* "45$ Proced&re to (eet the 2e6&irements of IEC 60+0+ for the Ca!c&!ation of Short-Circ&it C&rrents in Three-Phase .C Power Systems .NSI IIEEE Std. C33.7 "4S$ IEEE /&ide for Ca!c&!ation of %a&!t C&rrents for .''!ication of a.c. 8igh 0o!tage Circ&it 9rea:ers 2ated on a Tota! C&rrent 9asis.
Page * 28.06.2008 Steffen Schmidt Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC
Short Circuit Calculations Standard !"C #0$0$ IEC 60+0+ , Short-circ&it c&rrents in three'hase a.c. systems Part 0, Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Ca!c&!ation of c&rrents %actors for the ca!c&!ation of short-circ&it c&rrents E!ectrica! e6&i'ment; data for short-circ&it c&rrent ca!c&!ations C&rrents d&ring two se'arate sim&!taneo&s !ine-to-earth short circ&its and 'artia! short-circ&it c&rrents f!owing thro&gh earth E<am'!es for the ca!c&!ation of short-circ&it c&rrents
Part *,
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Steffen Schmidt
Short Circuit Calculations Scope of !"C #0$0$ three-'hase a.c. systems !ow o!tage and high o!tage systems &' to 700 :0 nomina! fre6&ency of 70 8= and 60 8= #a!anced and &n#a!anced short circ&its three 'hase short circ&its two 'hase short circ&its "with and witho&t earth connection$ sing!e 'hase !ine-to-earth short circ&its in systems with so!id!y earthed or im'edance earthed ne&tra! two se'arate sim&!taneo&s sing!e-'hase !ine-to-earth short circ&its in a systems with iso!ated ne&tra! or a resonance earthed ne&tra! "IEC 60+0+-3$ ma<im&m short circ&it c&rrents minim&m short circ&it c&rrents
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Steffen Schmidt
Short Circuit Calculations Types of Short Circuits
& phase
2 phase
' phase
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Steffen Schmidt
Copyright Copyright Siemens AG 200%. 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC
Short Circuit Calculations (ar from generator short circuit

I:> Initia! symmetrica! short-circ&it c&rrent i' Pea: short-circ&it c&rrent I: Steady-state short-circ&it c&rrent . Initia! a!&e of the d.c com'onent
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Steffen Schmidt
Short Circuit Calculations )efinitions according !"C #0$0$ *!+ initial symmetrical short circuit current I,> r.m.s. a!&e of the a.c. symmetrica! com'onent of a 'ros'ecti e "a ai!a#!e$ short-circ&it c&rrent? a''!ica#!e at the instant of short circ&it if the im'edance remains at =ero-time a!&e initial symmetrical short circuit po-er S,> fictitio&s a!&e determined as a 'rod&ct of the initia! symmetrica! shortcirc&it c&rrent I:>? the nomina! system o!tage Un and the factor @3,
B B S: = 3 4n I:
NATE, S:> is often &sed to ca!c&!ate the interna! im'edance of a networ: feeder at the connection 'oint. In this case the definition gi en sho&!d #e &sed in the fo!!owing form,
2 c 4n C= B S:
Page 10 28.06.2008 Steffen Schmidt
Short Circuit Calculations )efinitions according !"C #0$0$ *!!+ decaying *aperiodic+ component id.c. of short circuit current mean a!&e #etween the to' and #ottom en e!o'e of a short-circ&it c&rrent decaying from an initia! a!&e to =ero pea, short circuit current ip ma<im&m 'ossi#!e instantaneo&s a!&e of the 'ros'ecti e "a ai!a#!e$ short-circ&it c&rrent
NATE, The magnit&de of the 'ea: short-circ&it c&rrent aries in accordance with the moment at which the short circ&it occ&rs.
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Steffen Schmidt
Short Circuit Calculations .ear to generator short circuit

I:> i' I: . I9 Initia! symmetrica! short-circ&it c&rrent Pea: short-circ&it c&rrent Steady-state short-circ&it c&rrent Initia! a!&e of the d.c com'onent Symmetrica! short-circ&it #rea:ing c&rrent
2 2 I9
t/
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Short Circuit Calculations )efinitions according !"C #0$0$ *!!!+ steady state short circuit current I, r.m.s. a!&e of the short-circ&it c&rrent which remains after the decay of the transient 'henomena symmetrical short circuit 0rea,ing current I0 r.m.s. a!&e of an integra! cyc!e of the symmetrica! a.c. com'onent of the 'ros'ecti e short-circ&it c&rrent at the instant of contact se'aration of the first 'o!e to o'en of a switching de ice
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Short Circuit Calculations Purpose of Short Circuit 1alues

Design Criterion 9rea:ing ca'acity of circ&it #rea:ers (echanica! stress to e6&i'ment Therma! stress to e6&i'ment Physica! Effect Therma! stress to arcing cham#er; arc e<tinction %orces to e!ectrica! de ices "e.g. #&s #ars? ca#!es)$ 2e!e ant short-circ&it c&rrent Symmetrica! short-circ&it #rea:ing c&rrent I# Pea: short-circ&it c&rrent i'
Tem'erat&re rise of e!ectrica! Initia! symmetrica! shortcirc&it c&rrent I:> de ices "e.g. ca#!es$ %a&!t d&ration Se!ecti e detection of 'artia! short-circ&it c&rrents Potentia! rise; (agnetic fie!ds (inim&m symmetrica! shortcirc&it c&rrent I: (a<im&m initia! symmetrica! short-circ&it c&rrent I:>
Protection setting Earthing? Interference? E(C
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Standard !"C #0$0$ Simplifications and Assumption .ss&m'tions 6&asi-static state instead of dynamic ca!c&!ation no change in the ty'e of short circ&it d&ring fa&!t d&ration no change in the networ: d&ring fa&!t d&ration arc resistances are not ta:en into acco&nt im'edance of transformers is referred to ta' changer in main 'osition neg!ecting of a!! sh&nt im'edances e<ce't for C0
-D safe ass&m'tions
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"2uivalent 1oltage Source
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Short circuit "2uivalent voltage source at the short circuit location rea! networ:
E . %
e6&i a!ent circ&it

C. E CT . CF
G
IB3
c.U n 3
A'erationa! data and the 'assi e !oad of cons&mers are neg!ected Ta'-changer 'osition of transformers is dis'ensa#!e E<citation of generators is dis'ensa#!e Foad f!ow "!oca! and time$ is dis'ensa#!e
Page 13 28.06.2008 Steffen Schmidt Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC
Short circuit in meshed grid "2uivalent voltage source at the short circuit location rea! networ: e6&i a!ent circ&it
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1oltage (actor c c is a safety factor to consider the fo!!owing effects, o!tage ariations de'ending on time and '!ace? changing of transformer ta's? neg!ecting !oads and ca'acitances #y ca!c&!ations? the s&#transient #eha io&r of generators and motors.
0o!tage factor c for ca!c&!ation of Nomina! o!tage Fow o!tage 100 0 H 1000 0 -systems with a to!erance of 6I -systems with a to!erance of 10I (edi&m o!tage D1 :0 H 37 :0 8igh o!tage D37 :0 1.07 1.10 1.10 1.10 0.+7 0.+7 1.00 1.00
ma<im&m short circ&it c&rrents
minim&m short circ&it c&rrents
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4a5imum and minimum Short Circuit Currents

ma<im&m short circ&it c&rrents 0o!tage factor Power '!ants Networ: feeders Cma< (a<im&m contri#&tion (inim&m im'edance minim&m short circ&it c&rrents Cmin (inim&m contri#&tion (a<im&m im'edance
(otors
sha!! #e considered
sha!! #e neg!ected
2esistance of !ines and ca#!es
at 20JC
at ma<im&m tem'erat&re
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Short Circuit !mpedances and Correction (actors
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Short Circuit !mpedances %or networ: feeders? transformer? o erhead !ines? ca#!e etc. im'edance of 'ositi e se6&ence system K im'edance of negati e se6&ence system im'edance of =ero se6&ence system &s&a!!y different to'o!ogy can #e different for =ero se6&ence system Correction factors for generators? generator #!oc:s? networ: transformer factors are a!id in =ero? 'ositi e? negati e se6&ence system
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.et-or, feeders .t a feeder connection 'oint &s&a!!y one of the fo!!owing a!&es is gi en, the initia! symmetrica! short circ&it c&rrent I:> the initia! short-circ&it 'ower S:>
2 c 4n c 4n CE = = B B S: 3 I:
ME =
CE 1 + "2 L M$2
If 2LM of the networ: feeder is &n:nown? one of the fo!!owing a!&es can #e &sed, 2LM K 0.1 2LM K 0.0 for high o!tage systems D37 :0 fed #y o erhead !ines
.et-or, transformer Correction of !mpedance
CT5 K CT 5T genera!
c ma< 5 T = 0?+7 1 + 0?6 < T
at :nown conditions of o'eration 4 c ma< 5T = n # 4# 1 + < T "I# I $ sin T rT T
no correction for im'edances #etween star 'oint and gro&nd

Page 2* 28.06.2008 Steffen Schmidt Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC
.et-or, transformer !mpact of Correction (actor

1.07 1.00 0.+7
3T
0.+0 0.87 0.80 0 7 10 17 20
cma< K 1.10 cma< K 1.07
5T 678
The Correction factor is 5TN1.0 for transformers with <T D3.7 I. 2ed&ction of transformer im'edance Increase of short-circ&it c&rrents
Generator -ith direct Connection to .et-or, Correction of !mpedance
C/5 K C/ 5/ genera!
5/ = 4n c ma< 4r/ 1 + < d sin r/
for contin&o&s o'eration a#o e rated o!tage, 4r/ "1O'/$ instead of 4r/ t&r#ine generator, sa!ient 'o!e generator,
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M"2$ K M"1$ M"2$ K 1L2 "MdB O M6B$

Steffen Schmidt Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC
Generator /loc, *Po-er Station+ Correction of !mpedance

9
G
CS"A$ K "tr2 C/ OCT80$ 5S"A$ 'ower station with on-!oad ta' changer,
2 2 4nE 4rTF0 c ma< 5S = 2 2 4r/ 4rT80 1 + < d < T sin r/
'ower station witho&t on-!oad ta' changers,

5 SA = 4nE 4 c ma< rTF0 (1 ' t ) 4r/ "1 + '/ $ 4rT80 1 + < d sin r/
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Asynchronous 4otors (otors contri#&te to the short circ&it c&rrents and ha e to #e considered for ca!c&!ation of ma<im&m short circ&it c&rrents
2 1 4r( C( = IF2 L Ir( Sr(
M( =
C( 1 + "2( L M( $2
If 2LM is &n:nown? the fo!!owing a!&es can #e &sed, 2LM K 0.1 medi&m o!tage motors 'ower 'er 'o!e 'air D 1 (P 2LM K 0.17 medi&m o!tage motors 'ower 'er 'o!e 'air Q 1 (P 2LM K 0.*2 !ow o!tage motors "inc!&ding connection ca#!es$
Special :egulations for lo- 1oltage 4otors
!ow o!tage motors can #e neg!ected if RIr( Q I:> gro&'s of motors can #e com#ined to a e6&i a!ent motor IF2LIr( K 7 can #e &sed
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Calculation of initial short circuit current
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Calculation of initial short circuit current Procedure Set &' e6&i a!ent circ&it in symmetrica! com'onents Consider fa&!t conditions in 3-'hase system transformation into symmetrica! com'onents Ca!c&!ation of fa&!t c&rrents in symmetrica! com'onents transformation into 3-'hase system
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Calculation of initial short circuit current "2uivalent circuit in symmetrical components
*'+
*'+
*'+ *'+
*'+
*'+
*'+
*'+
'ositi e se6&ence system
*2+ *2+
*2+ *2+ *2+
*2+ *2+ *2+
negati e se6&ence system
*0+ *0+
*0+ *0+
*0+ *0+ *0+ *0+
=ero se6&ence system
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Steffen Schmidt
Copyright Copyright Siemens AG 200%. 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC
Calculation of initial short circuit current & phase short circuit F1-F2-F3-system F1 F2 F3 ; ; ; -Uf
= I sc3 c Ur 3 Z (1)
Z"1$!
012-system
;
c Un 3
Z"1$r
G
"1$ Z"2$r
Z"2$!
G
"2$
Z"0$!
Z"0$r
G
"0$
UF1 K
H Uf
networ: !eft of fa&!t !ocation
fa&!t !ocation
UF2 K a2 "H Uf$ UF3 K a

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U"1$ K H Uf U"2$ K 0 U"0$ K 0
networ: right of fa&!t !ocation
"H Uf$
Steffen Schmidt
28.06.2008
Calculation of 2 phase initial short circuit current F1-F2-F3-system

F1 F2 F3
Z"1$!
012-system
;
c Un 3
Z"1$r
G
"1$
;
-Uf
Z"2$!
Z"2$r
c U r = I sc2 Z ( 1) + Z ( 2 )
c U r 2 Z ( 1) I sc2 3 = I sc3 2
U = c n 3
G
"2$
Z"0$!
Z"0$r
G
"0$
= I sc2
IF1 K 0 IF2 K H IF3 UF3 H UF2 K H Uf

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U (1) U ( 2 )
fa&!t !ocation
I"0$ K 0
I"1$ K H I"2$
Steffen Schmidt Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC
Calculation of 2 phase initial short circuit current -ith ground connection F1-F2-F3-system
F1 F2 F3
Z"1$!
012-system
;
c Un 3
Z"1$r
G
"1$
Z"2$!
Z"2$r
-Uf
I scE2E
3 c U r = Z ( 1) + 2 Z ( 0 )
G
"2$
Z"0$!
Z"0$r
G
"0$
I L1 = 0
U L2 = a c U L3 = a c
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Un 3 3
Steffen Schmidt
fa&!t !ocation
Un
U (1) U ( 2) = c
Un 3
= U (1) U ( 0)
I(0) = I(1) = I(2)

28.06.2008
Calculation of ' phase initial short circuit current F1-F2-F3-System

F1 F2 F3
" I sc1 =
Z"1$!
012-System
Z"1$r
G
"1$
Z"2$!
Z"2$r
-Uf
3 c U r Z (1) + Z ( 2 ) + Z ( 0 )
G
c Un 3 Z"0$!
;
Z"0$r
"2$
G
"0$
U L1 = c
IL2 = 0 IL3 = 0
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Un 3
fa&!t !ocation
U ( 0) + U (1) + U ( 2) = c
I(0) = I(1) = I(2)
Un 3
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Steffen Schmidt
<argest initial short circuit current 9eca&se of Z1 Z2 the !argest short circ&it c&rrent can #e o#ser ed for Z1 L Z0 N 1 3-'hase short circ&it for Z1 L Z0 D 1 2-'hase short circ&it with earth connection "c&rrent in earth connection$
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Short Circuit Calculation :esults (aults at all /uses
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Short Circuit Calculation :esults Contri0ution for one (ault <ocation
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"5ample
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)ata of sample calculation
Networ: feeder, 110 :0 3 /0. 2LM K 0.1
Transformer, 110 L 20 :0 *0 (0. &: K 17 I P:rT K 100 :0.
A erhead !ine, 20 :0 10 :m 21S K 0.3 T L :m M1S K 0.* T L :m
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!mpedance of .et-or, feeder
2 c 4n CI = B S:
1.1 ( 20 :0 ) CI = 3 /0.
CI = 0.1*63
2I = 0.01*6
MI = 0.1*60
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!mpedance of Transformer
2 4n C T = &: Sn
C T = 0.17
( 20 :0 ) 2
*0 (0.
( 20 :0 ) 2 2 T = 100 :0. ( *0 (0. ) 2

2 T = 0.0270 M T = 1.*++8
2 4n 2 T = P:rT 2 Sn
C T = 1.7000
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!mpedance of Transformer Correction (actor
5 T = 0.+7 5 T = 0.+7
c ma< 1 + 0.6 < T 1 .1 1 + 0.6 0.1*++8
5 T = 0.+7833 C T5 = 1.*381 2 T5 = 0.02*0 M T5 = 1.*33+
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!mpedance of =verhead <ine
2F = 2U 2F = 0.3 L :m 10 :m
2F = 3.0000
MF = MU MF = 0.* L :m 10 :m
MI = *.0000
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!nitial Short Circuit Current > (ault location '
2 = 2I + 2 T5 2 = 0.01*6 + 0.02*0 2 = 0.0386

B I: =
M = MI + M T5 M = 0.1*60 + 1.*33+ M = 1.783+ c 4n 3 ( 21 + V M1 ) 1.1 20 :0 3
B I: =
( 0.0386 ) 2 + (1.783+ ) 2
B I: = 8.0 :.
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!nitial Short Circuit Current > (ault location 2
2 = 2I + 2 T5 + 2F 2 = 0.01*6 + 0.02*0 + 3.0000 2 = 3.0386

B I: =
M = MI + M T5 + MF M = 0.1*60 + 1.*33+ + *.0000 M = 7.783+ c 4n 3 ( 21 + V M1 ) 1.1 20 :0 3
B I: =
( 3.0386 ) 2 + ( 7.783+ ) 2
B I: = 2.0 :.
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Calculation of Pea, Current
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Pea, Short Circuit Current Calculation acc. !"C #0$0$ ma<im&m 'ossi#!e instantaneo&s a!&e of e<'ected short circ&it c&rrent
B e6&ation for ca!c&!ation, i' = 2 I:
= 1.02 + 0.+8 e 32 L M
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Pea, Short Circuit Current Calculation in non meshed .et-or,s The 'ea: short-circ&it c&rrent i' at a short-circ&it !ocation? fed from so&rces which are not meshed with one another is the s&m of the 'artia! short-circ&it c&rrents,
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Pea, Short Circuit Current Calculation in meshed .et-or,s (ethod ., &niform ratio RLX sma!!est a!&e of a!! networ: #ranches 6&ite ine<act (ethod 9, ratio RLX at the fa&!t !ocation factor # from re!ation RLX at the fa&!t !ocation "e6&ation or diagram$ K1?17 # (ethod C, 'roced&re with s&#stit&te fre6&ency factor from re!ation RcLXc with s&#stit&te fre6&ency fc K 20 8=
2 2 c fc = M Mc f
#est res&!ts for meshed networ:s

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Pea, Short Circuit Current (ictitious :esistance of Generator
2/f K 0?07 MdB 2/f K 0?03 MdB 2/f K 0?17 MdB
for generators with 4r/ D 1 :0 and Sr/ 100 (0. for generators with 4r/ D 1 :0 and Sr/ N 100 (0. for generators with 4r/ 1000 0
NATE, An!y for ca!c&!ation of 'ea: short circ&it c&rrent
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Pea, Short Circuit Current > (ault location '
B I: = 8.0 :.
2 = 0.0386 2 L M = 0.02**
M = 1.783+
= 1.02 + 0.+8 e 32 L M
= 1.+3
B i' = 2 I:
i' = 21.8 :.
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Pea, Short Circuit Current > (ault location 2
B I: = 2.0 :.
2 = 3.0386 2 L M = 0.7**2
M = 7.783+
= 1.02 + 0.+8 e 32 L M
= 1.21
B i' = 2 I:
i' = 3.* :.
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Calculation of /rea,ing Current
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/rea,ing Current )ifferentiation Differentiation #etween short circ&its >nearW or WfarW from generator Definition short circ&it >nearW to generator for at !east one synchrono&s machine is, I:> D 2 X Ir?/enerator or I:>with motor D 1.07 X I:>witho&t motor 9rea:ing c&rrent I# for short circ&it WfarW from generator I# K I:>
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/rea,ing Current Calculation in non meshed .et-or,s The #rea:ing c&rrent I9 at a short-circ&it !ocation? fed from so&rces which are not meshed is the s&m of the 'artia! short-circ&it c&rrents,
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/rea,ing current )ecay of Current fed from Generators I9 K Y X IW: %actor Y to consider the decay of short circ&it c&rrent fed from generators.
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/rea,ing current )ecay of Current fed from Asynchronous 4otors I9 K Y X 6 X IW: %actor 6 to consider the decay of short circ&it c&rrent fed from asynchrono&s motors.
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/rea,ing Current Calculation in meshed .et-or,s Sim'!ified ca!c&!ation, I# K I:> %or increased acc&racy can #e &sed,
4B(V 4B/i B B I# = I "1 i $ I:/i "1 V6 V $ I:(V i c 4n L 3 V c 4n L 3
B :
4/i = VM B di5 I:/i
B 4(V = VM(V I:(V
MWdi5 MW(V IW:/i ? IW:(V
s&#transient reactance of the synchrono&s machine "i$ reactance of the asynchrono&s motors "V$ contri#&tion to initia! symmetrica! short-circ&it c&rrent from the synchrono&s machines "i$ and the asynchrono&s motors "V$ as meas&red at the machine termina!s
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Continuous short circuit current Contin&o&s short circ&it c&rrent I: r.m.s. a!&e of short circ&it c&rrent after decay of a!! transient effects de'ending on ty'e and e<citation of generators statement in standard on!y for sing!e fed short circ&it ca!c&!ation #y factors "simi!ar to #rea:ing c&rrent$ Contin&o&s short circ&it c&rrent is norma!!y not ca!c&!ated #y networ: ca!c&!ation 'rograms. %or short circ&its far from generator and as worst case estimation I: K I>:
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Short circuit -ith preload
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Short circuit -ith preload Principle
. 9 C
Foad f!ow ca!c&!ation that considers a!! networ: 'arameters? s&ch as !oads? ta' 'ositions? etc. P!ace o!tage so&rce with the o!tage that was determined #y the !oad f!ow ca!c&!ation at the fa&!t !ocation. S&'er'osition of . and 9
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Short circuit -ith preload "5ample . Foad f!ow ca!c&!ation
9 Short circ&it ca!c&!ation
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Short circuit -ith preload :esults
<oad flo2 70. 10000 +000 G *0. 3 10. +0 3800 3000 *0. 2 10. 2 70. 3200 1* G
10000 -00 10000
Superposition? <oad flo- @ feed 0ac,

70. . 173.+7. 203.+7. *0. . 173.33. 1+3.33. *0. 208. 168. 10. 182. 1+2. 3200 -00 3200
+00. 0 -303.8+0 7+2.110 367.33.
3000 -36*0 3360
Short circuit? feed 0ac,

173.+7. 00 3.*2. 367.3. 173.33. 208.0. 182. 26. 00 10000 G
Short circuit -ith preload

203.+7. 1+3.33. 6.78. 7+2.110 3360 G 367.33. 168. 2*. 3200 1+2.0.
303.8+0
3800
36*0
Page 6+
28.06.2008
Steffen Schmidt
/rea, timeA
Page 30
28.06.2008
Steffen Schmidt
Copyright Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC
Contact Steffen Schmidt Senior Cons&!tant Siemens ./? Energy Sector E D SE PTI NC %reyes!e#enstr. 1 +1078 Er!angen Phone, O*+ +131 - 3 3236* %a<, O*+ +131 - 3 32727 E-mai!, steffen.schmidtZsiemens.com
Page 31
28.06.2008
Steffen Schmidt
Than, you for your attentionA
Page 32
28.06.2008
Steffen Schmidt
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04 Shortcircuitcalculations

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04 Shortcircuitcalculations

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Short Circuit Calculation

Sector Energy D SE PTI NC Steffen Schmidt

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Standards and Terms

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

Short Circuit Calculations Types of Short Circuits

Copyright Copyright Siemens AG 200%. 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

Short Circuit Calculations (ar from generator short circuit

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

Short Circuit Calculations .ear to generator short circuit

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

Short Circuit Calculations Purpose of Short Circuit 1alues

Protection setting Earthing? Interference? E(C

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

"2uivalent 1oltage Source

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

e6&i a!ent circ&it

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

ma<im&m short circ&it c&rrents

minim&m short circ&it c&rrents

4a5imum and minimum Short Circuit Currents

2esistance of !ines and ca#!es

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

Short Circuit !mpedances and Correction (actors

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.et-or, transformer Correction of !mpedance

at :nown conditions of o'eration 4 c ma< 5T = n # 4# 1 + < T "I# I $ sin T rT T

no correction for im'edances #etween star 'oint and gro&nd

.et-or, transformer !mpact of Correction (actor

Generator -ith direct Connection to .et-or, Correction of !mpedance

M"2$ K M"1$ M"2$ K 1L2 "MdB O M6B$

Generator /loc, *Po-er Station+ Correction of !mpedance

'ower station witho&t on-!oad ta' changers,

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2 1 4r( C( = IF2 L Ir( Sr(

Special :egulations for lo- 1oltage 4otors

Calculation of initial short circuit current

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved. E D SE PTI NC

Calculation of initial short circuit current "2uivalent circuit in symmetrical components

'ositi e se6&ence system

*2+ *2+ *2+

*2+ *2+ *2+

negati e se6&ence system

*0+ *0+ *0+ *0+

=ero se6&ence system

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networ: !eft of fa&!t !ocation

UF2 K a2 "H Uf$ UF3 K a

U"1$ K H Uf U"2$ K 0 U"0$ K 0

networ: right of fa&!t !ocation

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Calculation of 2 phase initial short circuit current F1-F2-F3-system

IF1 K 0 IF2 K H IF3 UF3 H UF2 K H Uf

networ: !eft of fa&!t !ocation

networ: right of fa&!t !ocation

networ: !eft of fa&!t !ocation

networ: right of fa&!t !ocation

I(0) = I(1) = I(2)

2+ 2+ *2+

2+ 2+ *2+

0+ 0+ 0+ 0+

5 T = 0.+7833 C T5 = 1.381 2 T5 = 0.020 M T5 = 1.*33+

2 = 2I + 2 T5 2 = 0.016 + 0.020 2 = 0.0386

M = MI + M T5 M = 0.160 + 1.33+ M = 1.783+ c 4n 3 ( 21 + V M1 ) 1.1 20 :0 3

2 = 2I + 2 T5 + 2F 2 = 0.016 + 0.020 + 3.0000 2 = 3.0386

M = MI + M T5 + MF M = 0.160 + 1.33+ + *.0000 M = 7.783+ c 4n 3 ( 21 + V M1 ) 1.1 20 :0 3