CORRELATION BETWEEN HYPERMATUR CATARACT AND ACUTE GLAUCOMA

Yasmine Marella 030.08.259

INTRODUCTION

Senile cataract continues to be the main cause of visual impairment and blindness in the world. In recent studies done in China, Canada, Japan, Denmark, Argentina, and India, cataract was identified as the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness, with statistics ranging from 33.3% (Denmark) to as high as 82.6% (India). Published data estimate that 1.2% of the entire population of Africa is blind, with cataract causing 36% of this blindness. In a survey conducted in 3 districts in the Punjab plains, the overall rates of occurrence of senile cataract was 15.3% among 1269 persons examined who were aged 30 years and older and 4.3% for all ages. This increased markedly to 67% for ages 70 years and older. An analysis of blind registration forms in the west of Scotland showed senile cataract as 1 of the 4 leading causes of blindness.(6)

ANATOMY OF EYE

CATARACT

Cataracts are changes in clarity of the natural lens inside the eye that gradually degrade visual quality

RISK FACTOR CATARACT

ETIOLOGY CATARACT
hereditary enzyme defects severe trauma to the eye eye surgery intraocular inflammation Degeneration lens (aging)

TYPES OF CATARACT
Congenital cataract Juvenile cataract Senile cataract Trauma cataract

STAGE OF SENILE CATARACT

Insipien cataract Cloudiness in anterior subcapsular Monokuler dyplopia Mild degeneration Normal visus Shadow test negative

Imatur cataract Lens absorb a fluid Lens dome shaped/ intumesen Myopia Iris pushed to the front COA narrowed Shadow test positive

Matur cataract Cloudiness a whole lens Normal size of lens COA/ iris is normal Descend of visus Positive of projection light Shadow test negative

Hypermatur cataract Lens is melt Small Size of lens The nucleus lens is drowning (morgagni) Capsul degeneration uveitis/ phacolytic glaucoma Shadow test positive

SYMPTOM CATARACT
Clouded, blurred or dim vision Increasing difficulty with vision at night Sensitivity to light and glare Seeing "halos" around lights Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription Fading or yellowing of colors Double vision in a single eye

DIAGNOSED CATARACT
visual acuity test slit-lamp examination retinal examination

GLAUCOMA
Glaucoma is characterized by a particular pattern of progressive damage to the optic nerve that generally begins with a subtle loss of side vision (peripheral vision). Glaucoma is usually, but not always, associated with elevated pressure in the eye

RISK FACTOR GLAUCOMA

CLASSIFICATION GLAUCOMA

Primary glaucoma Congenital glaucoma Secondary glaucoma Absolute glaucoma

SYMPTOM ACUTE GLAUCOMA

severe eye pain Headache nausea and vomiting visual blurring Elevated IOP

DIAGNOSED GLAUCOMA
Tonometry Pachymetry Gonioscopy Opthalmoscopy Visual field test

PATHOFISIOLOGY

MEDICAL CARE
Topical beta-adrenergic antagonists Topical alpha-adrenergic agonists and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors hyperosmotic agents topical corticosteroid agent in conjunction with a topical cycloplegic agent

SURGICAL CARE
1. Trabeculectomy 2.trabeculoplasty Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) 3.Iridotomy 4. Cataract surgery

TRABECULECTOMY

LASER TRABECULOPLASTY

LASER IRIDOTOMY

CONCLUSION

Hypermatur cataract can caused melt the lens and drowning the nucleus lens (morgagni) it is influence of many factors like physical factor,Radiation cataract, systemic disorder, dermatologic disorder ( the lens share a common embryological origin, the ectoderm), central nervous system disorder, local ocular disease,toxic causes, hereditary, congenital, age related cataract(senile cataract).(2) hypermatur cataract occur denatured lens protein leaks out through an intact capsule and is engulfed by macrophages, it is usually call with phacolytic galucoma. The macrophages then occlude an open angle. it is make elevate the intraocular pressure and occur symptom acute glaucoma.(1) The treatment for this disease, consist of medical care and surgical care. To reduce the reccurency, the surgical care is the best choice.

REFERENCES

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REFERENCES

Medicine Net[homepage on the Internet]. Glaucoma, California : Medicine Net,Inc.; [updated 2011 July 4; cited 2011 June 25]. Available from: http://www.medicinenet.com/glaucoma/page4.htm Docshop [homepage on the Internet]. Cataracts Types, California : Docshop,Inc.; [updated 2011; cited 2011 June 25]. Available from: http://www.docshop.com/education/vision/eye-diseases/cataracts/types Medscape[homepage on the Internet]. Glaucoma Lens-Particle Treatment and management, USA : Medscape,Inc.; [updated 2010 Apr 26; cited 2011 June 25]. Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1204687-treatment Encyclopedia of Surgery[homepage on the Internet]. Laser Iridotomy, USA : Advameg,Inc.; [updated 2011; cited 2011 June 25]. Available from: http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/La-Pa/Laser-Iridotomy.html EyeCare America [homepage on the Internet]. Glaucoma Filtration Surgery, USA : EyeCare America,Inc.; [updated 2007; cited 2011 June 25]. Available from: http://www.eyecareamerica.org/eyecare/treatment/glaucomafiltration/index.cfm Marilyn Haddrill.Cataracts Surgery, San Diego: All About VIsion,Inc.; [updated 2010 Nov; cited 2011 June 25]. Available from: http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/cataract-surgery.htm