ae-bm-f-en]n D-hhpw

Un. Zbm-\-
Bn-hnv

hkvXp-hns
{]Xn-cq-]--fn-eqsS
Bibw
Bhn-jvI-cn--s-n-cp
Hcp Ime-ap-m-bn-cp-p.
Cu cq]-
eLq-I-cn--sv
en]n-I cq]-s-p.
am\-h-kw-kvIm-cs
amn-a-dn
Cu ]cn-Wm-ahgn-IfneqsS.....

P\]Yw
P\]Yw 44

- c - h nZy a\p- j y\p am{Xw

kzmb- - a m- b n- p Hm- W v .
am\-h-cm-in-bpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS GXp
L-n-emWv Ah en]n hnI-kn-n-sSp--sXv IrXy-ambn ]d-bm \nhml-an-. en]n-bpsS Ip-]n-Snw am\hkw-kvIm-cs amn- a-dn-p. BZn-a-en-]nsbp ]d- b p- Xv Hmtcm hkv X p- h nsbpw {]Xn- cq- ] - a m- W v . hkv Xp- h ns
{]Xn-cq-]--fn-eqsS Bibw Bhn-jvIcnn-cp-p. a\p-jy F Bibw {]ISn-n-t-n-Sv a\p-jys cq]w Xs
hc-mWv teJ-\-hnZy \S-m-n-bn-cp-Xv. ]nm-ev Cu cq]- eLq-Icn--s-Sp-Ibpw Ah-sImv \nt-in-s hmp-I-fpsS {][m\ en]ntbm
BZy- e n- ] ntbm Bbn- o- c p- I bpw
sNbvXp. en]n-I C-s\-bp-m-bn-sbmWv en]n imkv{X--m Icp-Xntm-cp--Xv.
`mc- X - N - c n{Xw ]cn- t im- [ n- m
{_mn, JtcmjvSn Fn-s\ cpXcw en]n-I ChnsS {]Nm-c-n-en-cp-Xmbn ImWmw. ]nm-ev Cu en]nI-fpsS cq]w hnImkw {]m]n-p-Ibpw
]e en]n-I Dcp-n-cnp hcn-Ibpw
sNbv X p. _n.kn. Bdmw \qm- m- b tm en]n-I-fpsS Fw Adp-]-n-\mem-bn.
ta]-d en]n-I Cy-bpsS
Fm `mKpw {]tbm-K-n-ep-m-bn-cpn-. JtcmjvSn Cy-bpsS hSp ]Snmtd `mKv Nne Znp- I - f n
am{Xta Dm-bn-cp-p-p. B {]tZ-i-fn t]mepw AXns Bbpv {lkzam-bn-cp-p. {ItaW AXns {]Nmcw
Ipdp hcn-Ibpw F.Un. \memw iXI-tmSp IqSn \mam-h-ti-j-am-hp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. AXp-t]mse ap en]n-Ifpw
{]Nmcep]vX-am-bn. AXn-\p-tijw `mcX-n Fm-bn-Spw {]N-cn-n-n-cpXv {_mn-en-]n-I-fm-Wv. Cu {_mn
en]n `mc-X-n Fm-bn-Spw Hcpt]mse Bbn-cp-n Fgp-Xn-tm--Xv.
{_mn sXt Cy-bn-se-n-b-tm
AXns t]cnt]mepw amw- h - p.
Zn-tW-y-bn AXv {ZmhnUn F
t]cn Adn-bs
- -p. `mc-X
- nse kIe
en]n-If
- p-sSbpw aqe-cq]w {_mn BsWmWv `mjm-im-kv{X--m-cpsS A`n{]m-bw. Imem--c-n Ahbvv tZi-

t`Zw Dm-bn. tZi-t`-Z-ap-m-b-tm

\ma-t`-Z-hp-ap-m-bn. As\ en]n-I
Hmtcm tZipw Hmtcm t]cn Adn-bs-p.
{_mn en]n-I Zn-W`- m-cX
-
- n
Fn-bXv Ftm-sg-p--Xn\v IrXyamb sXfn-hp-I-fn-. Fnepw F.Un.
aqmw iX-I-tmsS Ah hn-y ISp-shp Icp-Xn-tm-cp-p. Zn-W-`m-cX-n {]th-in Cu en]n {ItaW
tIc-f-n-ep-sa-n. {_mnen]n-bn
\nv ]cn-W-an-p-m-b-h-bmWv shsgpv AYhm hs-gp-v. Cu shsgpv AYhm hs-gp-mWv ae-bmf
en]n-I-fpsS BZy-cq-]w. AXn \nv
{ItaW Cs ae-bm-fe
- n-]n-I cq]wsIm- p. shn AS- b m- f - s - S p- pI
As-n Nqgvv AS-bm-f-s-Sp-pI

\hw_
\hw_ 2004
2004

Ihtmdn

hnIm-khpw
F-ap Fgp As-n Agp
F [mXp-hn \nmWv Fgpv
F hmv Dm-bn-p--sXv en]n
hnZ-Kv[-\mb tUm.F.-F. chn-h
{]kv X m- h n- n- p- v . AXn\v ]nX
temI-ns AwKo-Im-chpw e`n-n-p-v.
Zn- t W- y- b n {]Nm- c - n- e n- c p
Bte-J\ k{-Zm-b-hp-ambn _-smWv Cu hmv Dm-bn-p--Xv. Fgpm-Wntbm Dfnbpw Npn-I-bptam D]tbm-Knv A-c- shn-bp-m-p-Ibm-bn-cpp Zn-tW-y-bnse BteJ\ k{-Zm-bw. shn-sb-gp-Xn-bn-cp-Xp
sImv Cu coXnv shs-gp-sp
t]cp-hp FmWv s]mXpsh Icp-Xntm-cp-X
- v. CXns\ Jn-p ]nX-m-cp-v. Ah-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-n
hf
hc- I
A[nIw

DXpsImmWv Cu en]nv B t]cpkn-n--Xv. tImep-sImvv hc-p-m-nbn-cp cq]-n\v tImse-gp-spw

\ma- I - c Ww sNbv X p. tIc- f - ns
sX Znp-I-fn am{Xw {]Nm-c-nen-cp asmcp en]nbpw Dm-bn-cp-p.
AXmWv ae-bm AYhm ae-bm-gva.
AXns ]q-amb t]cv sX aebm As- n sX ae- b mgv a
Fm- W v . t]cn \np- X s AXp
{]Nm-c-n-en-cp tZi-hn-`m-K-ns
kqN-\bpw e`n-p-p.
hs- g p- ns asmcp t]cmWv
\m\w tam\w F-Xv. CXv Fs\
hp-shv t\mmw. lcn{io KW-]Xsb \ax, F-Xnse lcn-{iobvv ]Icw \tam \mcm-b-Wmb Fm-bn-cpp
]gb {]tbm-Kw. AXnse BZym--c--

fmb \Im-chpw aIm-chpw tNv

`mjbvv \m\w tam\w Fp t]cnp.
t\cs ]d ae-bm hs-gpn \nv A]w hyXym- k - a p- XmWv. Cu ae-bm-bpw hs-gppw
tImse-gppw Htc Imev ChnsS
{]tbm- K - n- e p- m- b n- c p- p. ]nmev tIc-f-`m-jbpw kwkvIr-Xhpw
IqSn Iev aWn-{]-hmfw Dm-b-tm
Bcy Fgpv F t]cp {K-en]n
D]-tbm-Knv XpS-n. ae-bm-f--c-bn
{K-en-]nv {]Nmcw knn-t- Xm-Sp-IqSn
hs- g p- n\pw tImse- g p- n\pw
{]m[m\yw Ipd-p.
D- t c- y- b n {]N- c n- ncp
{_mn AtX-]-Sn-b Zn-tW-y-bn
Fn-b-Xv. AXn\v ]e am--fp-ap-mbn. Cu am- IqsS Dsmp
sImmWv Xangv apX-emb en]n-I cq]s-Xv. B am- Im-e-dn-bm-hp
coXn-bn-em-bn-cp-p. hs-gppw {_mnbn \nv ]ncnv {]tXyIw hfp
h- X m- W v . Cu hs- g pv ]my
tZipw {]N-cn-n-cp-p. F.Un. 1000mam- n\p ap]p ]my- t Z- i s

{_mn-bn \nv ae-bm-f-n-tebvv

\hw_
\hw_ 2004
2004

P\]Yw
55 P\]Yw

inemtcJ-I hs-gp-n-emWv ImW-sSp--Xv. Fm {ItaW Cu en]n tIcf-n am{X-ambn Npcp-n.

`mjbpw kwkvIr-Xhpw CS-I-ev
tIc-f-n aWn-{]-hm-f-ap-m-bXv ayIm-et- m-sS-bm-Wv. AXn\p ap]v {ZmhnUm--c- am{X-amWv `mj-bn Dmbn-cp--Xv. `mj-bnse ]mp-{]-m\w
]qW-ambpw {Zmhn-Um--c--fn A[njvTn-X-am-Wv. {ZanU kwLm-Xm-c\n_, saXp-I, tam\, hr-hn-ti-jbpw ]mv FmWv ]mn\v eWw
]d-n-cn-p--Xv. Cu {ZanU kwLmXm-c- {_mn-bn \nv cq]-s-Xp-am-Wv.
\qdp sIm-n\p ap]p ae-bmf- nse CIm- c hpw {_mn- b nse
CIm-chpw ]cn-tim-[n-m Ah Xnep kmayw a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv.
www FmWv {_mn-bn C Fgp-Xnbn-cp--Xv. AXv Nne-tm % Fp-ambn
ImWp-p-v. wcw FmWv \qdp sImw
ap]v hsc ae-bm-f
- n CImcw FgpXn-bn-cp--Xv. {_mn-bnse 1 ae-bm-fn c Fmbn amdn.
ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS ]nXm-hm-Wtm
Xp- s - g p- - . At- l - a mWv
`mjsb Xan-gns ]nSn-bn \nv tamNn-

kzc-
A B C Cu D Du E E R F
G sF H Hm Hu.
hyRvP-\-
I J K L M I hKw
N O P Q R N hKw
S T U V W S hKw
XYZ[\
X hKw
]^_`a
] hKw
bceh
a[y-a-
ijk
Dujvam-
l
tLmjn
fgd
{ZmhnU a[y-a-
Nnp-I

tIc- f - ] m- W n\n apI- f n]- d

hm--c-v ]pdta , \ F
cv A-c-sf IqsS hm--c-fn s]Sp- n- b n- c n- p- p. Ahbv v
bYm-{Iaw 4,
Fn-s\ en]n-Ifpw
\n-bn-n-p-v. `mjm-hn-Zymn-ImsX km[m-cW ae-bm-fnv Cu hm-c- ]cnNn-X-a-. Fm AhbpsS kmn[yw ae-bm-fn-Ismw
]cn-Nn-X-hp-am-Wv. {]tbm-K-n Ah

]cn-Wm-a
- ns hgn

B-{_mn

V-hs-gpv

K-tImse-gpv

n--Xv. Xan-gm-Ip A-bpsS cmIr-Xz-n \nv `mjsb tamNnnv kwkvIr-X-am-Ip `m-hns\

Gn- p- I - s b al- X v I r- X y- a mWv
Fgp- - sNbv X - X v . Fgp- - s
Imn-I-Xz-n \S B hnhm-lm\cw ae-bmfw F Ipv ]nd-p.
B Ime-mWv Cv {]Nm-c-n-ep
ae- b mf en]n- I cq]w sIm- X v .
]nm-ev AXn\v ]e ]cn-Wm-a-fp-ap-m-bn. \nL-p-Im-c-m Xmsg-dbp A-c--fmWv A-c-amenI-bn tNn-cn-p--Xv.

P\]Yw 6

M-ae-bm

ML-ae-bmfw

Ds- - X mWv AXn\p Imc- W w.

\\p F ]Z- nse BZys
c- - c - p
Dm- c W
sshhn[yw FSpp ]d-tb--Xn--tm.
AXp-t]mse Fs, \ns Fo hmpI-fn ImWp dbpsS Dm-cWw
Fm-Wv.
B[p-\nI ae-bm-f-n ImWp
F G H Hm Fo {lkz ZoL kzcsf Ipdn-p {]tXyI cq]-fpw
kwhr-tXm-Im-chpw apw \qX-t\mXv]--fm-Wv. ]sm]Xmw \qm-ns
Ah-km-\-tm-sS-bmWv Ah-bpsS cwK-

{]-th-iw. AXn\p ap]v Ah AmX--fm-bn-cp-p.

]nm- e - p- mb en]n ]cnjvImcw aptJ\ ASn `mjbvv hfsc
kuIcyw ssIh-p. Fm A-SnbpsS kuI- c y- n\p thn- am{Xw
\nt-in-s
- ]cn-jvIm-c
- ssIsbgp-nepw ISph-tXmsS `mjbvv
ae-bm-f--\na \jvS-s-p. kwhr-tXmImcw A{]-Xy-a
- m-bn. Xan-gn \nv aebm-fs thdnp ImWn-p hyh-I- f n- s em- mWv kwhr- t Xm- I m- c - s a
Imcyw hnkvar-Xn-bn-em-p.
en]n ]cn-jvI-cWw \S-p-sh-nepw
ae-bm-f-nse en]n LS\ hyh-m-]nX-am-bn-. Htc ]Zw Xs ]e {]Im-cn Fgp- X p- Xv ae- b m- f - n
khkm[m-c-W-am-Wv. am{X-a Bhiyan- m A- c - shdpsX
A`ykntnbpw hcp-p. CsXm-gnhmm
thn- b mWv
en]n
am\IoIcWsa Bibw cq]w
sIm-Xv. AXns ASn-m-\-n
Cs ae-bmfw Fgp-n\pw ASnbvpw Bh-iy-amb A-c
- Xmsg-d-bphbmbn \nP-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-pp.
kzc-
A B C Cu D Du E F G sF
H Hm Hu.
hyRvP\-
IJKLM
NOPQR
STUVW
XYZ[\
]^_`a
bceh
ijk
l
fgd
CXn\p-]p-dta A\p-kzm-cw, hnkw,
N{-e (ao), Nnp-I, hyRvP\-f
- psS D]-Nn-
- , kzc-f
- psS D]Nn- - , Iq- - c - Fn- h - b papv.
Poh-Xv`m-j-I-sfmw ]cn-Wm-a-n\p
hnt[-b-am-Wv. B amw en]nLS-\-bnepw
hp-tN-cpw. AXp-sImv Imew Ign-bptm en]n-Iv C\nbpw am-ap-mImw. B amsbpw \mw kzmKXw
sNt--Xm-Wv.
\hw_ 2004