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POTENTIAL OF BIODISEL IN THE NORTH EAST INDIA
Presented 
by: DR. PROBIR KUMAR BOSE Professor, Department of MechanicalEngineeringJadavpur University, Kolkata-700032December 17, 2004
WHAT ARE BIOFULES?
Renewable fuels from bio sources include-Ethanol, Biodiesel, Bio-Hydrogen,Biogases, Methanol.
WHY BIOFULES?
Sustainability
Pollutionthreat
Reduction of green house gas emissions
Regional(Rural)development
Social structure & Agriculture
Security of supply.
FIRST USE OF PEANUT OIL IN 1895 BY DR RUDOLF DIESEL
‘‘The use of vegetableoils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become in course of time asimportant as petroleum and the coal tar products of the present time .’’ 1912 (1855-1913)
WORLD EXPERIENCE ON BIODISEL
BIODIESEL IN EUROPE
Biodiesel has been produced on an industrial scale in EU since 1992 largely in response to positive signals from the EU institutions.
In 2001, it is estimated that some twenty plants produced around one million tones, mainly inAustria, Belgium, France, Germany ,Italy and Sweden.
TOTAL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN 2000
COUNTRY PRODUCTION (MT)
FRANCE 328,000GERMANY 246,000ITALY 78,000AUSTRIA 27,000BELGIUM 20,000TOTAL 700,600The German biodiesel sector saw the biggest production increase of the five countries in2000. Its growth rate was 31% with total production of 246,000 mt compared with 171,000mt in1999.
EU TARGETS FOR BIOFUELBIOFULES YEAR MARKETBIODIESEL 2003 2.3 MMTBIODIESEL 2010 8.3 MMTBIODIESEL 2000 504 M$BIODIESEL 2007 2.4 B$ETHANOL 2003 8.3 MMTETHANOL 2010 9.7 MMT
Biodiesel growth:
25%/year, Germany/Austria-no tax, UK20% Lower tax,other countries 0-10% of diesel Tax.
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
WHAT US PEOPLE PAY FOR IN A IN A GALON OF DIESEL DEC, 2002)Retail Price:
$
1.29/gallonRetail Price: Rs.26.00/LTaxes : 38%Distribution and Marketing : 11%Refining : 7%Crude oil : 45%
 
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NON-EDIBLE OIL POTENTIAL OF INDIA- NATIONAL OIL SEEDS ANDVEGETABLE OIL DEVELOPMENT (NOVOD) BOARD, INDIA.OIL BOTANICAL NAME OIL POTENTIAL(TONNES) Neem Azadirachta indica 100,000Karanja Pongamia pinnata 55,000Kusum Schliechera oleosa 25,000Ratanjot Jatrophacircus 15,000Pilu Salvadora oleoides 17,000Tumba Citrulluscollocynthis 17,000Sal Shorea robusta 21,000Mahua Madhuca indica 180,000Mango Mangifera indica 45,000Phulware Cheura 3000Kokum Garcinia indica 500Simarouba Simaruba glauca ---Jojoba Simmondsia chineaca ---Chullu Prunus armeniaca 110Rice bran Oryza sativa 474,000 Nahar Mesua ferrea L. 1 lakh quintal
WHY BIODIESEL IMPORTANT FOR RAILWAYS?
Indian Rail has very large available land.
Biodiesel will help Railways to
Improve uponemission norms
Reduce diesel cost
Contribute to Environment protection.
WHAT IS BIODIESEL?Biodiesel - is vegetable oil processed to resemble diesel fuel. Technically Biodiesel isvegetable oil methyl ester. It is produced by removing glycerol molecule from vegetable oil and byintroducing methyl group to the acid part i.e. made by chemically combining any natural oil or fatwith an alcohol. Most of the oils, edible& non-edible are suitable. Selection of feed stock based onavailability, price and policy.
IMPORTANCE OF BIODIESEL
Environment friendly
Clean burning
High Cetane value
High Lubricity
ComparableBTU content
Renewable fuel
No major engine modification
Readily mixes with diesel
 Ready to use in diesel engines
Increase in engine life
Biodegradable and non toxic
Easy tohandle and store
FORIGN INVESTMENT ON PLANTATION OF BIODOESEL
Daimler offers help for Biodiesel.
The Maker with a German Development Bank will provide620,000 EURO
s for two pilot projects for biodiesel in the country
The project aims for produce biodiesel from the oil seed Jatropha Curcus.
Two plantation of Jatropha Curcas would be set up.
A 20 acre plot in Sub humid Orissa.
A10 acre plot in semi-arid, Gujarat.
POTENTIAL AND CONCEPT OF BIODIESEL IN NORTH EAST INDIAAgainst the backdrop, prudent steps by the North East Region
    
s people may make them theenviable world leaders in matters of biodiesel in the days to come.
Bio-diesel from
 nahar seeds
has immense scope in NE Region. This tree is known as Nageswar in Hindi. Diameter of stem at the base is just about one foot only and height about 40 feet. Nahar timber is also one of the hardest and heaviest, known asIndian Ironwood. The seeds of the tree contain about 75% of pale yellow-coloured oilwhich is non-ediable.It is estimated that more than a lakh quintals of nahar seeds are producedannually in the State of Assam alone .Nahar trees can be planted on the wasteland, roadside and inthe forests. Also a blend of 5% of nahar seed oil with 95% of petroleum diesel works veryefficiently even for a long period.
Bio-diesel from
 Jatropha seeds
has the same scoope.These plants can grow on poor degradedsoils and are able to ensure a reasonable production, not grazed by animals and is highly pest and
 
3disease resistant. Nut yield between 2 and 6 years , based on soil and rainfall conditions. Yield varyfrom 0,5 to 12 T/ yr. based on soil and rainfallconditions. Production of about 5 tones per hectares can be expected under optimumconditions. Seed contains 55-60% of oil. 0.75 to 2 tones of biodiesel could be expected per hectare per year from the 5
th
year onwards.
RESEARCH WORK CARRIED OUT IN NORTH EASTProf. Konwer with Prof. Baruah developed a process of conversion of nahar seed oil to petroleumlike crude oil in AAU, Jorhat. Oil extracted from the seeds of the plant was by form to be similar tomineral crude oil.
CURRENT LABORATORY FLOW SHEETMeOH+ NaOH
FEED TANK 
REACTOR 
SETTLING TANK 
BIODIESEL +GLYCEROL, UNREACTED Na OH, Me OH
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