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From Anant Kumar
MAS209: FLUID DYNAMICS
DAVID BURGESS AND HENK VAN ELST
Astronomy Unit
School of Mathematical Sciences
Queen Mary, University of London
Mile End Road
London E1 4NS
United Kingdom
E\u2013Mail:D.Burgess@qmul.ac.uk, H.van.Elst@qmul.ac.uk
May 24, 2004
MAS209: FLUID DYNAMICS
These lecture notes are only intended for the use of students studying the course MAS209: Fluid Dynamics. Any distribution for any other purpose is not permitted.
The selection of topics and material covered in these lecture notes is
in\ufb02uenced by the following textbooks, lecture notes and and websites:
\u2013Elementary Fluid Dynamics, D J Acheson, Claredon Press, Ox-
ford, 1990.
\u2013A First Course in Fluid Dynamics, A R Paterson, Cambridge Uni-
versity Press, Cambridge, 1983.
\u2013Fluid Dynamics, R Tavakol, Queen Mary, University of London,
Lecture notes, 1980ies. Unavailable.
\u2013Fluid Mechanics, L D Landau and E M Lifshitz, Pergamon Press,
Oxford, 1959.
\u2013Theorie B: Elektrodynamik, Gottfried Falk, University of Karls-
ruhe, Notes taken in lectures, Summer Semester 1988 [in German].
Unavailable.
\u2013Physik III: Thermodynamik, Friedrich Herrmann, University of Karls-
ruhe, Script, 1997 [in German]. Available online at URL:
www-tfp.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/
\u00a1
didaktik/.
\u2013The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, URL:
www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk
\u2013Wolfram Research\u2019sWorld of Science, serviced by E W Weisstein,
URL:scienceworld.wolfram.com
Good starting points for the interested reader to obtain access to pictures, animated material and current research in Fluid Dynamics are provided by the websites:
\u2013CFD Online, URL:www.cfd-online.com
\u2013eFluids: A Free One-Stop Resource For Fluid Dynamics and Flow
Engineering, URL:www.efluids.com
\u2013arXiv.org e-Print archive \u2013 Fluid Dynamics, research papers,
URL:arxiv.org/list/physics.flu-dyn/recent
Copyrightc
\u00a2
1997 \u2013 2002 by the School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen
Mary, University of London, and David Burgess and Henk van Elst.
Contents
1 Describing \ufb02uids and \ufb02uid \ufb02ows
1
1.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1.2 Wood, water, air. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1.3 Forces: motion and equilibrium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1.3.1 MKS-system of physical dimensions. . . . . . . . . .
3
1.3.2 Newton\u2019s equations of motion. . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1.3.3 Viscosity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
1.4 Describing a \ufb02uid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
1.4.1 Materialproperties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
1.4.2 Fluidvariables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
1.5 Describing \ufb02uid \ufb02ow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
1.5.1 Static/dynamic and steady/unsteady. . . . . . . . . .
8
1.5.2 Analysing \ufb02uid motions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9 1.5.3 Vorticity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.5.4 Circulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.5.5 Fluidelement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.5.6 Streamlines, particle paths and streaklines. . . . . . . 13
1.6 Modelling\ufb02uids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.6.1 Euleriandescription. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.6.2 Lagrangiandescription. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.6.3 Boundary conditions and initial conditions. . . . . . 18 1.6.4 Computational \ufb02uid dynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2 Mathematicaltechniques
21
2.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.2 Vector calculus in Cartesian coordinates. . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.3 Vector calculus in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. . . . . 22
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