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:

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3 .

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40 ". [76]

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.
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20 . .
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.

, ,
2014 600-700
. ,
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. ,
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. ,
800-900 .

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,
2014. ,
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1 .

.
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.
:
.
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)

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,
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,

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2013.
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.
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) .
,
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,

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. [78]



NEWSBOMB.
,
,
,
.
,
,

30% 40%
.
.
.

.
;
. 1/1/2014
.

,

.

644 .
.
NEWSBOMB

, :
.
200% 300% ,

, . ,
.
30
70, ;
. . [79]
1 2013
,
, .
,
,
.


.
, -
-

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.
200
. [80]



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.



1995
.

,
.
18

. [81]
,
.

, .
, 11%

 () (
: 5%) 24%
,
. , Transparency International
( ) 2011
, -

100 30.000 , 30
20.000 30 500 .

,

. [83]
B.

.

,
6
2012. (
)

,

.
25 () (),
() .
,
.
.

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.
.
.

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-
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.
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.

.
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. ,
(30%)

. [84]
, 6/2/2014
8.500
, 5.500

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( )

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,
.
,
.

,

,
.



. , ,
.
3.000
.
11.000 2013.
,
. O

,
.

. 3000 ,

.
,

( - ), 20% 2013!!!


. , ,
.
, (

)
.
.
.


.
PSI ,

PSI
,
!!!
[110]
( ) .
,

. , 2002
(
), 2003 ,
,
2010 2011. 2010 2011
700 . ,
, (
) 2,6
. . ;
. ;
2084/1992 (
),

 , 2004 2012,

- 1.350 . !
, 2012
.

( 2012). -2
2012 1,33% , 2,7 .
, 2,25
. .

2011 1,9 . 2012 1,05 . .
, 44%.

. 2011
239,44 . , 2012 585 .
, 2,44
2011! [85]

'
,

.
, .
,
():
1.

2.

3.
.

:
1.

2.
3. [17.1], [17.2] ,
[17.3] , [17.4] , [17.5]
,

.
,
. !

52,2
, 55,9
.

. ,

. [86]
C.

, off patent (
) .

18,7%.

, ,


. 80% off patent
65%. ,
32,5% 40%,
.
,
1 2012
,
off patent . ,
off patent.
15%
.
12 0,4 .
. ,
off patent 12 !!!
, .
on patent ( )
12 ,

.

( 12
off patent 15-16 )
.
55% 4
5,5 2009, 2013 2,5 .

3 .

, !!!
60%
28,

 .

22%. 17% 83%
.
2
50% ,
.
2
.

.

50%.

2,3 2014.
1% ,
! [17.1],
[17.2] , [17.3] , [17.4] , [17.5]

,


. :
1.

,
2.
rebate,
3. 60% ,
rebate,
4. 60%
, .



:
1.
,
2.


;
3.
,

() .

.
a.

,
b.

.
c.

.
d.

.
e. ,

.
f.

.

4. ,


. ,

5. ,
175 .,

.
6.

[18.1], [18.2] , [18.3] , [18.4] , [18.5] , [18.6] ,
[18.7]
,
20% 2013
.

20% ,
.

,
. ,
20 ,
. .
. [87]

, 20% , ,
80%,
2013!
,

-- 15%.

 , ,
, ! [88]
1
:
/

3117/9-12-2013,

,
,

80% ,
, ,
,
[89] 3 (

1 ,
, 3
1 . ,
,

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. [90]
, ,
,
. [91]


. :
1. 75%
18%, EFPIA (
)
75%


15%!
2. ,
..
62,2 %, 52%, 51,7%,
42,5%. EFPIA

,
.
3. 30,6%
24,9%.
4.
9,8% ,

.
5.
60%,
20%
12,1% .
, :

,
.
2012.

.
1: , ,
,

10% ,


( 2012) .
2:
:
, , ,
.. ,
200 , 12.
3:
20 . :
.
4: . :
5,5
.
5: 10 .. -2 ...
: , 7:30.. -1
.. 1:30.. 7 ..,
.
6:
. :
,
- ,

.
7: .
:
, ;
8:
, . :

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, ..
9:
350 . , 85 .
. : 350 ,
, ,
, ,
.
200
, 600 .
600 .
,

.
10: (
)
,
, 20%.
: ,

,
2012-2013 , ..
5
. .
11:
. :

5. .
,
.

 12:

. :

,
,
, , .


.
- 2.500-3.000

. [92]
, ,
,
de jure de facto

.
,
.
, , ,
, .
.
, ,
( )
.
100.000
42% .
[17.1], [17.2] , [17.3] , [17.4] , [17.5]

2/1/2014 ,
, 10



, .
30
. [19]
()

,

3.000.000
. :
1. 40% , 1 2

,
2. 64% , ' ,
.
,
, ,
3. 2011 2013
,
4.

60%

,
5. 30%
50% ,
2011-2013,
6.
60% 2012.
7. 8 10 ,
, 4 10
.
, 2 10 .

8. : 2,5 . ,

314 , 1.500
,
1.711
,
,
, ,
.



, 27,2 % ,

, .

.
,
.

1.400 1.800
.
.
10,633 6.580
.
2010
,

. 2008 2011,
21 % ,

. [21]






!!!.
,
.


:
1.
( -) .
2. 15%
.
3.


4. .

-
,
.

,
!!!

,
,
.
350 .

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2011 250 . 1,2
,

. [22] , [22.2]

.


.
50 %
( )
.

,
(http://lawyalty.wordpress.com/)

,
, 20.000 ,
. , 5
25%

!

,
500
.

 ,
40%.

,
.
, 30%
!



,
( ),

(!!!) !
(5 %)
(30 %)

,
, ,
7000

!

15 % ,

50 % , 100%

4000 !
, .
,
,
2, .


,
,
. 3
,
,
.

50 %
3500 6000 !
,

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,

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50 !

50% , ,
, ,
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,
!


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!!
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 ,
,

, )
,
.

2012. http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/index.html
,
.. !
1.

20 %

14 .

.
, 31
1992 , 66,561.60

34,051.50 ,

1 1993.
, 20%.
( ) 20 % ,
6800 ,
1360 ,
,
.
,

, ...

(!) ... ! 1980

, ,
.
20%
,
,

 3 ,
..
!
2.

: 4%

5.000 [94]
3.

: What is the contribution rate for Voluntarily Insured

Persons? The contribution rate for Voluntarily Insured Persons is 5 percent of

their average weekly insurable wage or income. This rate is based on their
last year worked as an employed or self-employed person. The weekly
contribution rate is payable on a maximum weekly insurable wage or income
of $250, or $400 as of January, 1999. [95]
4.

: WEEKLY RATE OF EARNINGS CONTRIBUTION Up to 50.00

= 10.00, 50.01 to 150.87 = 20% of gross earnings, 150.88 and over =

30.17 [96]
5.

: Self-Employed Person Rates of insurance contributions paid

by self-employed person Share, Self-employed persons who are 18 years of

age and over but who have not yet reached retirement age pay their
contributions according to the following specifications: For that share of
their income which is 60% or below of the average wage NIS 5,297 (as of Jan
01, 2013) they pay national insurance contributions equivalent to % 6.72 (as
of Jul 01, 2002) of that share and pay health insurance contributions
equivalent to % 3.10 (as of Jan 01, 1995) of that share. For that share of
their income which exceeds 60% of the average wage up to the maximum
level of income for which national and health insurance contributions must
be paid, they pay national insurance contributions equivalent to % 11.23 (as
of Jan 01, 2006) of that share and pay health insurance contributions
equivalent to % 5.00 (as of Jan 01, 2006) of that share. For the table of
insurance rates and amounts for self-employed persons, press [97]
6.

: 153 675

,
, 5% . :

 ,


, ,
,
7.

: 20 % .

(545 ).

3,691.74 .

8.

: 9,9 % .

C $ 3500.
C $ 48.300. :

.
9.

: 10 %

1,49 %
1,55 % .

182.000 .
10.

: 25 % ,

.

.

benefits.UFs . UF 21,947.23
.
11.

: 9,74 %

 $ 264.
.
12.

: 6.275 %
2.375 %

.
13.

: 10 %

(, )
18,25% (,
, ,
). 7.60 %
, .
14.

: : 12,5 %

(13,5 % 2013) 500 balboas .

: 12,5 % ( 13,5 % 2013)
500 balboas 11,41 % ( 12,41 %
2013 ) 500 balboas

1% 500 balboas
0,0875 % 500
balboas .

.
15.

: 12,4 %

( 10,4 % 2011 2012).

110.100 . (

)

16.

: : 15 %

24.709 .
: 15 % 24.709
- 15 %
24.709 7,5 %
.

0,97 %
1,86% .

74.128 .

. E [98]
17.

. ,
, ,

15

.
18.

: 15.675 % .

19.

: 10 %

1,5 %

20.

16,25 % 20% , .
15% .
.
, (
, !!) [99]

21.

, ,
.
22.

: :

1 1960 , 17,8%
31
1959, 12,8%

. (

, 93 ).

420

2.000 .
: 5 %
.
420 .
2.000 .
23.

: : 20 %

& 15 %
.
, 10%

5 %

( 50 %
110 % ),

.
: 5 %
.
24.

: 12,6 %

1.025.

. ,
16,9%.
16,9%, 12,6% 4,3%
. !
,
. [100]

.

,

. [101]
25.

28

. 5.928

25 % .

10% .
72
.
25,137 .
26.

: : 21,2 %

, 53
& 22,4 % , 53
.
, 25 % 48
. 48 ,


.
.

6,775.60.
153.875.
27.

: : 16 % .

: 4 %
.
28.

: 19,6 % .

78,40 (940,80 !)
1,097.60 ( 940.80) 514,50 (E
439,04

),

.
29.

Guernsey: 10,5 % .

6.292.

105.144.

,
,

.
30.

: 10 %

27%

. 93.000 .

, ,
.
31.

: : 7.79 %

 ,
, , .
: 12% .
32.

: 5.000

, 4 %

).

.
, ,
.
5.000 .
33.

Isle of Man:

2,50 8 % 5.980 39.000

1% 39.000.
12,60 .

. 20 %

.
,
, ,
.
34.

Jersey: 10,5 % - 796

3.778 2 % 3.779 12.500 .

, , , .

796.
12.500.

35.

32.46

.
32.46 %
, 18 % NDC
2 % .
, ,
. ( 2013,
6 % .
NDC
)
36.

: :

234 ( )
3.000 7,8 % (
) 1,5 %

(),

3.000 3,6 %
( ).

.

.
37.

: 16 % .

.

. 1,801.49.

. [102]
38.

: 26,25 56,78

, .

17.417 31
1961 19.682

1,

.,

1962.

.
39.

: 17,9 %

1,1 %
.
33.436.
40.

: 11 %

( ).
39.600 .
25 % 39.600 .

11,0%
( ).
3.000 = 330
. 4.000 .

(frikortgrense). NOK 39.997
2010. ( 4740.05 ). [103]
41.

: : 28,3 %

( 25 % 2016).

. : 3 %
2,5 % 0,05 %
.
35
% .

.
42.

: 22 % .

 35 %

.

.
55.505 ( 2012).
43.

: 18 %
6 %
.
1 %
0,025 % .
339,89.

3.076. : 9 %
18 % .
44.

: 24.35 % .

15,5% .
.

. 748,10
.

2,4

45.

: 26,5 % 29,8 % .

46.

: H

,
.
[104]

47.

: : 17.21 %

() & 4,48 % 5,11 %

,
( ) 1,17 %

().

28,97 % .

.
48.

7,8

( ) 1,4 %
().

.
49.

: ,

,
. [105]
50.

2,65 ,
5.595 9 % 7.605

42.475 2 % 42.475
( 2012). 15,5 %

. :
5,725 ! 7.775
, 2.70 .
// .
51.

[106]

52.

: : 20 %

.
53.

: 15 %

60.000 1.200.000 5 %
1.200.000 . (
).

54.

: 15 % .

200

1.000

)
5 % , 200
1.500 .
55.

: 5 %
. .
HK
$ 6,500 .
HK 25.000 .
56.

: : 2 %

: 1 % .
57.

: : 18 %

58.

14

75

.
5.000 .
59.

: 5 %

.
$ 7.000

( 1.000 10.000 $
2028).
60.

: 18 %

.
1.200 .
45.000 .
61.

: 10,4 %

, .
1.000 .

15.000 .
62.

: 2,33 % 9 % (

) . (
).

:
http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=858&langId=en

, :
[107]

400 (
EO) .
5
. Nu poti fi asigurat cu forta :
.
:

1.

.. 2007.

,
.
2.

,

,
.
3.

() .

.
( )
, .
ICCJ

( )

:
!
index29O () .
ICCJ ( )
( ) .
Florin Kovacs

.
Kovacs

Rivanol Algocalmin. ;

80.000. ( )
20 !

 () ,
Kovacs.
.
High Court of

. Kovasc
.
ICCJ
(). [23.1] , [23.2]