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CCNA Wireless:
A New Associate Level
Career Path Enhancement

BRKCRT-1105

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 Agenda

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Agenda

ƒ Overview
ƒ Market Analysis
ƒ CCNA as Prerequisite
ƒ Introducing the New Certification
ƒ What Is Covered
ƒ Sample Course Slides
ƒ Q and A

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 What We Will Cover

ƒ It is impossible to cover all topics for the

CCNA-Wireless certification in a two-hour session
ƒ Session is not about “cover all CCNA-Wireless
knowledge in two hours”
ƒ We will provide:
Background
Overview
Sample course slides

ƒ We will not teach to the slides

ƒ This is a sneak preview of the new curriculum!

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Disclaimer
This Session Will Strictly Adhere to the Cisco’s
Rules of Confidentiality
ƒ We may not be able to address your specific question
ƒ If you have taken the exam please refrain from asking
questions from the exam
ƒ We will be available after the session to direct you to
resources to assist with specific questions or to
provide clarification

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 The Global IT Talent Gap Challenge
Role of the Network Grows

Web 2.0 Apps

Converged Solutions
ƒ 50% of Security is IP Video, TelePresence
secure routers.
ƒ 35% of Voice is Unified Communications
Evolution of the Network

router-embedded. Knowledge
Storage
ƒ Wireless is 15% Gap
and growing Enhanced Security
annually.
Wireless
Voice Transport

Telecommuting / VPN

Switching

Routing

Time
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Starting Salaries

CCNA $76,500

Entry Level
$55,468
Network Engineer

Electrical Engineer $52,009

Computer Science $51,292

Business
$39,448
Administration

Marketing $37,832

Liberal Arts $30,337

Source: National Association of Colleges and Employers, 2005

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 Salary Over the Years
CCIE
(Expert 5+ yrs) $116,906

Network Engineer
$80,369
(Expert 5+ yrs)
CCNP
(Professional 2–5 yrs) $88,421

Network Engineer
$66,730
(Professional 2–5 yrs)
CCNA
(Associate 0–2 yrs) $76,500

Network Engineer
$55,468
(Associate 0–2 yrs)

Source: Certification Magazine, December 2006

Salary Survey; TCPMag.com Internetworking Salary
Survey 2006-2007
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The Wireless IT Talent Gap Challenge

Gap in wireless skills is

estimated to grow to
342,000 persons by
2009 (IDC analysis)

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 CCNA Routing as
a Prerequisite

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CCNA as a Prerequisite–
Before May 2008

CCDP CCNP CCIP CCSP CCVP

CCDA CCNA

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 CCNA as a Prerequisite–
Today and Future

CCDP CCNP CCIP CCSP CCVP

CCNA CCNA CCNA CCNA

CCDA
Routing Security Voice Wireless

CCNA
Routing

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Expanding Cisco Career Certifications:

Releasing CCNA Wireless on July 25, 2008

Career Specialty

Expert:
CCIE® R&S, SANS, SP, ƒ Security
Security, Voice, Design ƒ IP Communications
ƒ Wireless
Professional: ƒ Storage Networking
CCNP®, CCIP®, CCSP®,
CCVP™, CCDP® ƒ Optical
ƒ Advanced Routing
Associate: and Switching
CCNA®, CCDA®, ƒ Foundation
NEW CCENT™

Entry:
CCENT

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 Introducing CCNA-Wireless
ƒ Cisco recognizes the critical importance of Networking Associates/Administrators
(or aspirants) involved in the configuration, implementation and support of wireless
LANs, particularly those built with Cisco equipment.
ƒ The CCNA-Wireless certification enables these experienced Wireless Networking
Associates/Administrators to be identified in the marketplace.

The CCNA-Wireless certification is a certification that

identifies those with associate-level knowledge and
skills in wireless networking.
It emphasizes wireless networking principles at the
associate level and recognizes expertise of wireless
professionals that have the knowledge to assess
network business requirements and can translate them
into technical specifications to be incorporated into
successful installations.

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How to Become CCNA Wireless Certified

CCNA-Wireless Course • Available globally - see Learning Locator

ƒ 5 Day ILT • CCNA is a prerequisite
(recommended 2+ years in Networking)

• Multiple choice exam

CCNA-Wireless Exam • 75 minute duration
• Available globally via Pearson VUE
ƒ 90 Minute Exam (#640-721) • Passing earns CCNA-Wireless
certification

CCNA-Wireless is an associate level credential with

associate level rules of engagement and benefits.
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 CCNA-Wireless

ƒ Innovation in Networking Career Certification

ƒ Meets the needs of both employers and employees
ƒ Associate level recognition
ƒ Availability: July 25th, 2008
ƒ Program information:
www.cisco.com/go/ccnawireless

ƒ Preparation Information:
www.cisco.com/go/ccnawireless

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What Is Covered in
the CCNA-Wireless
Course and Exam?

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 CCNA-Wireless Sample Tasks
and Deliverables

Example
Example Tasks
Deliverables

• Design, Install, and Configure: • Gather and clarify

wireless network
Cisco WLAN in SMB and Enterprise functional specifications.
installations
• Develop wireless
network designs to meet
functional specifications.
• Monitor and Conduct Basic • Develop an
Troubleshooting tasks of a: implementation plan.
Cisco WLAN in SMB and Enterprise • Convey rationale for the
installation.
installations

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CCNA-Wireless–Job Tasks Summary

Customers need comprehensive training on fundamentals of wireless networking to fill
job roles of network administrator/associate, wireless technician or wireless support
specialist. Employers looking for validation of skills in wireless networking and
hands-on experience with Cisco devices (industry leader in wireless LANs).

1) Assist a professional in gathering site survey data

2) Implement assigned WLAN infrastructure devices
3) Configure a Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC or Controller) to
support light weight access points
4) Configure installed WLAN devices for operation
5) Implement Access Points
6) Tune WLC for WLAN operation
7) Integrate WLAN client devices
8) Configure Radio Resource Management
9) Given specific configuration tasks, configure mobility groups

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 The Value of CCNA-Wireless for the
Networking World
ƒ For Networking Professionals
Marketability: Level of Recognition in a New Field of Networking
Clarity: Differentiation on Cisco WLAN SMB and Enterprise installations

ƒ For Job Seekers

Potential: Clear, Long-Term, High-Value Development Path
Marketability: New Field of Expertise Focused on Wireless

ƒ For Corporations
Business Alignment: Identify, Develop, and Recognize Wireless Networks
Talent Management: Validate Skills and Retain Key talent

ƒ For System Integrators

Business Alignment: Clearly Differentiate Wireless Skills and Services from
other networking specializations
Talent Management: Identify, Develop, and Recognize Wireless Networking
Professionals
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What Is in the
New Course?

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 EIRP

ƒ The transmitter generates power, the cable incurs loss, the

antenna adds a gain which depends on the Antenna type
ƒ The Effective Isotropic Radiated power is the power (dBm) that
would radiate an equivalent isotropic antenna
ƒ This value is regulated

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Fresnel Zone
ƒ Determines an area
around radio line of
sight where reflections
have most negative
impact on the signal
ƒ Should be at least 60%
free from obstacles
ƒ b = 0.5 x √ λ x d

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 RSSI and SNR
ƒ RSSI is the signal
strength indicator
ƒ dBm value
transformed from a
vendor dependent
grading coefficient
ƒ Usually negative
value, the closer
to 0 the better
ƒ SNR is signal strength
relative to noise level
ƒ The higher the better

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dBi and dBd

ƒ dBi refers to an
isotropic antenna
ƒ This doesn’t exist in reality
ƒ Used as a reference point to
compare antennae together
ƒ The same log progression
applies to dBi as to the
other decibel scales

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 dBd
ƒ dBd refers
to dipole
ƒ The simplest antenna
ƒ Also called rubber duck
ƒ 0 dBd = 2.14 dBi
ƒ The log scale is
the same as the
other dB scales

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Antenna Principles
ƒ Radiation pattern
describes
coverage shape
ƒ Made of E plane
(elevation chart)
and H plane
(azimuth chart)
ƒ Expressed
in dB
ƒ Each antenna
is different,
directional,
omnidirectional,
pattern
shape, gain

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 Antenna Types

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Cables and Connectors

If the cable is ORANGE in color

chances are it’s Plenum Rated

“RP-TNC” “RP-SMA”
Connector Connector
Used on Used on
most Cisco some
access Linksys
points Products

“N” “SMA”
Connector Connector
Used on the “pig-tail”
1500 Mesh type cable
and 1400 assemblies
Bridge

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 Spread Spectrum
ƒ Narrow band and spread spectrum are
the two main ways of sending a signal
ƒ Spread spectrum uses less energy
at peak
ƒ The bandwidth required depends on the
amount of information to send

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DSSS: Encoding

ƒ Each bit is transformed into a sequence, called “chip”

or “symbol”
ƒ In this example, chipping code is called “Barker 11”
ƒ Up to 9 bits can be lost

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 OFDM
ƒ Of 64 subcarriers:
ƒ 12 zero subcarriers (In black) on
sides and center
ƒ Side is frequency guard band
leaving 16.5 MHz occupied
bandwidth
ƒ Center subcarrier is zero
for DC offset/carrier leak rejection
ƒ 48 data subcarriers (in green)
per symbol
ƒ 4 pilot subcarriers (in red) per
symbol for
synchronization/tracking

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Channels and Overlap Issues

ƒ With channels built for 5 Mhz interchannel space, each DSSS
channel uses more than one channel
ƒ Only 3 or 4 non-overlapping channels are available in the ISM
band, but up to 23 in the UNII band
ƒ Channel overlap can be co-channel interference or adjacent
channel interference

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 The Wi-Fi Alliance

ƒ Wi-Fi Alliance certifies

interoperability between products
ƒ Products include 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n
dual band products, and security testing
ƒ Provides assurance to customers of migration and
integration options
ƒ Cisco is a founding member of Wi-Fi Alliance
ƒ Certified products can be found at http://www.wi-fi.com

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Regulatory Bodies

ƒ Each country or region defines its rules about the

usage of the FC space:
Which frequencies are allowed (spectrums and channels)
Which transmit powers are possible (transmitters and antenna
gain and EIRP)
How a wave can be sent in each frequency (modulation and
encoding techniques)

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 802.11 Standards for Spectrums
and Speeds

802.11 802.11b 802.11a 802.11g 802.11n

Not
Ratified 1997 1999 1999 2003
Ratified
Frequency 2.4 GHz/5
2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 5 GHz 2.4 GHz
Band GHz
No of Channels 3 3 Up to 23 3 varies
IR, FHSS, DSSS/CC
Transmission DSSS OFDM DSSS OFDM
DSSS K/OFDM
6, 9, 12, 18, 6, 9, 12, 18,
Data Rates 1, 2, 5.5, 1, 2, 5.5,
1, 2 24, 36, 48, 24, 36, 48, 100+
(Mbps) 11 11
54 54

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802.11 Frame Shape

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 Other Wireless
Technologies

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ZigBee Networks

ƒ Not compatible with Wi-Fi

ƒ Use the ISM band and may interfere, usually low power

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 Other Non 802.11 Interferers

Microwave Ovens Wireless Video Radar

Cameras

Outdoor
Motion Detectors Microwave Links

Wireless
Headphones

Fluorescent Lights Wireless

Game Controller

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WiMAX
ƒ “Fixed” WiMAX,
based on 802.16d
ƒ Backbone usage,
T1/E1 type of lines
ƒ Last mile uses
cable or Wi-Fi
ƒ Long range with
high speed (50
miles, 70 Mbps)

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 Cisco Unified Wireless
Networks Architecture

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CUWN Basics
ƒ Keeping configurations consistent is difficult
ƒ Monitoring the exact state of each access point and reacting to a
change in real time is an issue
ƒ Coverage holes adversely affect service
ƒ Interference can be a factor
ƒ Coverage area will change with time:
Interference levels
Signal to noise ratio
Signal quality & coverage
Throughput & load

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 LWAPP Modes
LightWeight Access Point Protocol

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Controller Redundancy Designs—N+1

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 AP Mode: Wireless > Access Points >
All APs > Detail

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H-REAP in Connected Mode

ƒ Once an AP is configured as H-REAP, the Controller will inform the AP of
the mode change through the “WTP mode” payload. The AP saves this
information in nonvolatile memory and boots with the new mode
ƒ In Connected mode, H-REAP traffic can be backhauled to the Controller
or locally bridged

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 Client Roaming Across Subnetworks

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Cisco Wireless Mobility Anchor

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 Controller Web Configuration
Wizard Login

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Cisco IOS-to-LWAPP Conversion Utility

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 Configuring the Mobility
Express Solution
ƒ CNA was modified to support
Cisco Mobility Express
Solution
Cisco 521 Wireless Express stand-
alone Access Points
Cisco 526 Wireless Express Mobility
Controller and
controller-mode 521 AP

ƒ CCA is a free application can

be downloaded from CCO
ƒ CCA installs on
Windows system

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Aironet Site Survey Utility

The utility gives you dynamic
representation of your connection
to the wireless network.
It displays AP MAC address, channel,
RSSI, noise level, SNR, speed of
your connection.
From this the connection quality is
shown (green/excellent, yellow/good,
orange/fair, red/poor).

Action / options
From Action/enable proximity beeper, get a
detection beep when getting closer to the AP.
From Action/option, select what triggers the
proximity beeper.
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 Cisco Compatible Extension Explained

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Security

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 WCS Administration

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WLAN Management Tools

ƒ Centralized location
for managing devices
ƒ Management devices
WLAN controller
Controller-based access
points working with
Cisco WCS
Cisco Wireless
Location Appliance

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 WCS Home Page

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Cisco WCS WLAN Planning

ƒ Allows for “what if” scenarios prior to installation of AP

ƒ Map Editor tool allows attenuation factors to be applied
to objects to modify RF prediction

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 Location Tracking Using RF
Fingerprinting

RF fingerprinting traces signal strength for every signal heard by a Cisco AP in the
network, which will allow accounting for reflection and multipath.
Then a RF fingerprint is created from every point on the coverage map, which
allows Cisco WCS to accurately place an icon and create a probability color grid.
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Location Appliance

ƒ WCS with Location and Location appliance accuracy

10 meter 90% and 5 meter 50%

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 Controller Configuration

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Generate Proposal

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 The Alarm Dashboard
ƒ Refreshes every 15 seconds
ƒ Three levels:
Minor
Major
Critical

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WCS Database Backup

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 Isolating the Problem

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Design and Site Survey

Considerations

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 Non 802.11 Interferers

802.11 a or g 802.11 b
OFDM DSSS

20 Mhz 20 Mhz

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WLAN Coverage and Capacity

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 Access Point Placement for Location

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Multi-Floor Coverage

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 Site Survey Tools

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WCS Client Troubleshooting Tool

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 Third Party Tools: Sniffers

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Third Party Tools: Scanners

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 Q and A

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Recommended Reading

ƒ Continue your Cisco Live

learning experience with further
reading from Cisco Press
ƒ Check the Recommended
Reading flyer for suggested
books

Available Onsite at the Cisco Company Store

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 Complete Your Online
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