Dampak Reklamasidan Pengerukan Terhadap Sirkulasi Arus Laut, Sungai, Sedimentasi, dan Kualitas Air

Reklamasi dan Pengerukan Bisa Membahayakan Negara

Muslim Muin Ph.D. Ocean Engineering Research Group (OERG) Institut Teknologi Bandung Personal Web www.muteknologi.musmuin.com

Muslim Muin Ph.D.

Expertise

Marine Facility Design Structural Dynamics Ocean Hydrodynamics, Sediment Transport, and Water Quality Modeling

Place/Date of Birth : Padang, April 7, 1960. Employer : Institut Teknologi Bandung, 1986 - present Position History :
20011 2012,Head of Ocean Engineering Research Group 2005 2011, Head of Ocean Engineering Program 2000 2004, Faculty member of Ocean Engineering Program 1998 1999, Visiting Research Professor in University of Rhode Island, USA 1994 1997, Faculty member of Ocean Engineering Program 1987 1993, Graduate Student, University of Rhode Island, USA. Ph.D. in Ocean Engineering, University of Rhode Island, USA, 1993. M.Sc. in Ocean Engineering, University of Rhode Island, USA, 1988. B.E. in Civil Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia, 1984.

Education :

Website : www.muteknologi.musmuin.com

MuTeknologi Software
3D Ocean Hydrodynamics, Sediment Transport, Water Quality Model in GIS System Non-Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinate Technique

MuSed3D MoTuM MuDrillCutting3D MuQual3D MuHeat3D MuTsunami

User (License)

Arus
Pergerakan Partikel Air Gelombang Pendek Arus Laut Gelombang Panjang Arus Laut Global (Ocean Circulation)

Conveyor Belt Gulf Stream Indonesia Through Flow (ITF) dll

Pergerakan Partikel Gelombang Air

Ocean Circulation

Ocean Conveyer Belt

Arus Laut Gelombang Panjang

Gaya (Forcing)
Pasang Surut Angin Perbedaan Densitas Sungai Pergerakan Dasar Laut

Geometri Batimetri

Dampak Perubahan Arus Laut Akibat Reklamasi dan Pengerukan

Perubahan Kualitas Air Sediment Transport (Erosi/Deposisi) Perubahan Garis Pantai Navigasi Pelayaran

Dampak Reklamasi dan Pengerukan di Gresik Jawa Timur

Pengerukan di Banten

Dampak Pengerukan di Banten

Arus laut pada jalur pipa PGN disekitar daerah pengerukan akan meningkat. Erosi pada jalur pipa Pipa akan tergantung (Free Span) Pipa pecah

Dampak dari Proteksi Trestle di BP Tangguh Papua

Pergerakan Sediment Halus Deposisi Sediment Erosi Littoral Sediment

Runtuhnya Cliff di BPTangguh akibat berkurang Sediment dari Timur

Tumpukan Sedimen di Sebelah Barat

Daerah Reklamasi di Jakarta

Apa yang terjadi pada saat Musim Barat?

Akibat Reklamasi
Aliran air laut dari Barat terhalang, muka air naik. Aliran sungai mengalami hambatan Daerah Pluit Banjir. Diperparah oleh penurunan muka tanah (Land Subsidence)

Mangrove di Papua

Mangrove Penting dalam Arus Laut

High Tide

Low Tide

Mangrove Cell

Tidal Hydrodynamics Exchange Mangrove

Arus laut di mulut muara sangat besar akibat keluar-masuk air ke mangrove Mengabaikan mangrove, hasil model akan tidak akurat

Akibat Reklamasi Mangrove

Tidal Dynamics hilang -> Arus Mengecil Sedimentasi Pendangkalan Akhir alur pelayaran dikeruk -> Mahal

Sebelum Reklamasi, lakukan simulasi Hidrodinamka Laut, Kualitas Air, Sedimentasi, dan Perubahan Garis Pantai

MODEL 3D NON-ORTHOGONAL BOUNDARY FITTED

Model Feature

Semi-Implicit: Time Step is large, not limited by gravity wave speed. Sigma Stretching and Z-coordinate One Equation Turbulence Closure Model Density Induced Current Prognostic Simulation (density and current couple) Integrated into GIS Windows System

Non-Orthogonal Curvilinear Technique

Governing Equations in Spherical Coordinates

Governing Equations Boundary Fitted Coordinate

Model Testing in 3D Idealized Channel

Model Testing Storm Surge

Application of 3D Boundary Fitted Model by ASA Inc.

(New York, Bay of Fundy, San Francisco Bay, Savannah River, etc.)

Publication

Dilakukan dengan Menggunakan Konsep Keliru

REKLAMASI JAKARTA

Dampak Giant Seawall Jakarta

Giant Water Pump

Power = Q x r x g x H
Q = Water Discharge r = Water Density g = Gravity H = Head

H = 10 m (Elevation + Lost + Efficiency) Maximum Discharge (2 years Return Period) ~ 2500 m3/det Power = 245 MW

Operational Cost Giant Seawall

Discharge Averages 200 m3/det Electric Price per KwH Rp 1400 Yearly Pump Electricity Cost Rp 241 Milyar (USD 24 Million) Water Treatment Cost per m3 Rp 1000 Total Cost Water Treatment per Year Rp 6 Triliun (USD 600 Million) Who will pay?.. 60 Thousand Residence in new reclamation area??

Water Quality in Giant Seawall

Giant Seawall Jakarta is Closed System. Entrance for Tg Priok is not sufficient. Giant Seawall is not Palm Island Project.

Stagnant Water. Poor Water Quality. Mangrove will die. High Operational Cost

Reklamasi Teluk Jakarta

Dilakukan dengan konsep yang salah Mengabaikan Sirkulasi Air Laut, Kualitas Air, dan Sedimentasi. Ongkos Operasi (Pompa dan Kualitas Air) sangat tinggi -> Jakarta Bangkrut Jika GSW dibangun, Jakarta terancam tenggelam. GSW bukan solusi untuk penurunan muka tanah (Land Subsidence) Jangan Menutup Teluk Jakarta

Land Subsidence in New Orleans

Scientists have proposed several causes for subsidence in New Orleans. These causes range from Natural ones, such as settling of coastal sediments and movement of the Michoud fault Human ones such as draining wetlands, diverting sediment-bearing floodwaters from the Mississippi River, and pumping ground water. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=662 3

Kenapa Tidak?

Kesimpulan

Reklamasi dan Pengerukan Bisa Membahayakan Ekonomi Negara jika mengabaikan dampak perubahan sirkulasi arus laut. Jika dilakukan dengan konsep yang salah dan lokasi yang tidak tepat, bukan Lahan Baru yang diperoleh tapi Persoalan Baru. Sebelum Reklamasi atau Pengerukan, harus dilakukan simulasi Model Hidrodinamika Tiga Dimensi, Sedimen, Kualitas Air, dan Perubahan Garis Pantai Reklamasi dapat merubah aliran sungai dan menyebabkan banjir di dataran rendah Dampak Reklamasi daerah Mangrove sangat besar