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DMR A2007-000305 TP 261007CPR4_4E.doc
UNITED NATIONSECONOMIC
 
ANDSOCIAL COUNCIL
 
GENERALE/ESCAP/CPR(4)/424 September 2007
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 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
 
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFICCommittee on Poverty ReductionFourth session12-14 December 2007Bangkok 
URBAN POVERTY AND THE WORKING POOR 
(Item 6 of the provisional agenda)
FACING THE CHALLENGES OF URBANIZATION AND URBAN POVERTYIN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
 Note by the secretariat 
SUMMARY
Poverty has often been seen as a purely rural problem. In the coming years and decades, urban povertywill become a major challenge for policymakers in the Asian and Pacific region. As the urban population of theregion is growing, so is urban poverty. Poverty reduction tools and approaches that have been developed for rural poverty reduction will not work in urban areas, because urban poverty is different in nature from rural poverty. To address urban poverty effectively, policymakers at the national and local levels need a goodunderstanding of the nature of urban poverty as well as accurate data that present its dynamics, trends andconditions. The present document provides a broad overview of the characteristics and, if available, the extentof urban poverty, using the three dimension of poverty: lack of income, lack of access and lack of power. Itintroduces policies and programmes to address urban poverty, but also shows that the available data on urban poverty in the region are not detailed enough to enable the development of effective and sustainable urban poverty reduction policies. It prioritizes three aspects of urban poverty that could form the basis for future work  by the secretariat.The Committee is requested to advise the secretariat on directions for further work to enhance theunderstanding of urban poverty and to identify effective approaches to urban poverty reduction.
 
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The present document was submitted late in order to allow for the inclusion of the most recent data on the MillenniumDevelopment Goals.
 
 
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CONTENTS
 Page
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................ 1A. Poverty.......................................................................................................................... 1B. Urbanization................................................................................................................. 2I. URBAN POVERTY.............................................................................................................. 4A. Income poverty............................................................................................................. 4B Urban hunger................................................................................................................ 5C. Economic growth and employment.............................................................................. 6D. Urban informal sector................................................................................................... 7E. Informal settlements..................................................................................................... 8F. Lack of access to services............................................................................................. 9G. Exclusion...................................................................................................................... 11II. REDUCING URBAN POVERTY........................................................................................ 11A. Enhancing productivity and employment..................................................................... 12B. Supporting the informal sector..................................................................................... 13C. Upgrading informal settlements.................................................................................... 14D. Empowering the poor................................................................................................... 15E. Good urban governance................................................................................................ 16III. CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................... 16LIST OF TABLES1. Urbanization, rural and urban population growth rate of selected least developedcountries in Asia.................................................................................................................... 22. Population distribution in Asia, by area of residence, 2000.................................................. 33. Total, urban and estimated slum population in Asia and the Pacific, 2001........................... 84. Improved drinking water coverage among urban population by Asian subregion, 2003...... 10
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