Tit 11: NHM HALOGEN

Ngy son 17/02/2008

Ngy ging 20/02/2008

I. MC TIU BI HC:
1. Kin thc: Hs nm vng:
- c im cu to lp e ngoi cng ca nguyn t v cu to phn t ca n cht cc nguyn t halogen
- S bin thin tnh cht ca cc n cht halogen khi i t flo n iot; Phng php iu ch halogen
- Gii thiu mt s hp cht ca halogen: HX, oxit v oxi axit, mui clorat.
2. K nng: vn dng kin thc gii cc bi tp
3. Thi : Hs t gic luyn tp

II. CHUN B: My tnh, my chiu, bng ph

III. PHNG PHP:
- Gv t vn
- Hs hp tc nhm nh t gii quyt vn di s hng dn ca gv
- Kt hp sch gio khoa v hnh nh trc quan HS t chim lnh kin thc.
IV. NI DUNG TIT HC:

Tit 11

1. n nh lp
2. Bi mi:
Hot ng 1: Cng c v h thng ho kin thc v cc n cht halogen:
- Gv yu cu hs trnh by:
+ c im cu hnh e lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t cc nguyn t halogen.
+ Cu to phn t ca cc halogen.
Nguyn t halogen

F
2

Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng

Cu to phn t (lk CHT khng cc)

Cl
5

Br
5

I
5

2s 2p

3s 3p

4s 4p

5s 5p5

F:F

Cl:Cl

Br:Br

I:I

(F2)

(Cl2)

(Br2)

(I2)

+ Tnh cht ho hc ca cc halogen.

+ S bin thin tnh cht ca cc halogen khi i t flo n iot.
Nguyn t halogen

Cl

Br

m in

3,98

3,16

2,96

2,66

Tnh oxi ho
Hal

Tnh oxi ho gim dn

F2

Cl2

Br2

I2

P
Vi
kim
loi

Vi
hiro
Vi
nc

OXH tt c kim loi

nF2+2M
(mui florua)
-2520C
F2+H2bng ti

n mnh

2MFn

2HF

OXH c hu ht OXH c nhiu kim OXH c nhiu

kim loi t C
loi
kl
t C hoc xt
tC
0

nCl2+2M 2MCln

nBr2+2M 2MBrn

(mui clorua)
as
Cl2+H2
2HCl

(mui bromua)
Br2+H2

t0C

2HBr

nI2+2M

2MIn

(mui iotua)
I2+H2

t0C cao

2HI

Phn hu mnh lit nhit thng:

ngay
nhit
Cl + H O
2
2
thng:
HCl +HClO

nhit thng, Hu nh
chm hn clo:
phn ng
Br2 + H2O

khng

HBr +HBrO

2F2+2H2O4HF+O2
+ Phng php iu ch halogen:
F2

Cl2

Br2

p hn hp HCl(c)+ cht OXH mnh (MnO2, Cl2 + 2NaBr Br2 +NaCl

KF v HF
KMnO4)
pdd

2NaCl+H2O Mng ngn

+H2

I2
T
bin

rong

2NaOH +Cl2

Nh vy, da vo s so snh gia cc halogen ta c th h thng ho c kin thc nhm halogen.

Hot ng 2: Gii thiu mt s hp cht ca cc nguyn t halogen:
1. Hiro halogenua v axit halogenhiric.
HF HCl
HBr
HI
- Cht kh, d tan trong nc to thnh axit halogen hidric
- Tnh axit tng dn t HF HI : HF n mn thu tinh .
- F- b oxi ho bng dng in, Cl-, Br-, I- b oxi ho bi cc cht oxi ho khc.
- Tnh kh tng dn HF HI
2.

Oxit v oxiaxit ca Brom, clo

Oxit: cc oxit ca clo v brom khng iu ch c bng phng php trc tip m iu ch bng
phng php gin tip: Cl2O, Cl2O7,

Axit c oxi:
HClO

HClO2

HClO3

HClO4

Tnh bn v tnh axit tng

Kh nng oxi ha tng
HClO l axit rt yu (yu hn axit cacbonic), nhng l cht oxi ho rt mnh.
NaClO + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 + HClO
HClO4 l axit rt mnh nhng l cht oxi ho rt yu (do hiu ng khng gian ca phn t).
Brom cng c cc oxi axit tng t clo: HBrO, HBrO3, HBrO4
5Cl2 + Br2 + 6H2O 2HBrO3 + 10HCl
3.

Mui clorat: quan trng hn c l KClO3

t 0 5KClO + KClO3 + 3H2O
3Cl2 + 6KOH

KClO3 l cht oxi ho mnh, c dng ch to dim, thuc n en pho hoa,...

VD:

1. 5KClO3 + 6P 5KCl + 3P2O5

2. 2KClO3 + 2C + S 2KCl + 2CO2 + SO2

4. Dn d:

Lm cc BT trong ti liu t chn t 3.1 3.19 (tr 42 - 44).

VI. RT KINH NGHIM:

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Ngy son 17/02/2008

Ngy ging 22/02/2008
Tit 12 13: LUYN TP: NHM HALOGEN
I. MC TIU BI HC:
1. Kin thc: Hs nm vng:
- S bin thin tnh cht ca cc hp cht halogen: tnh axit, tnh kh ca HX
- Tnh ty mu v st trng ca nc Gia-ven v clorua vi
- Nhn bit cc ion F-, Cl-, Br-, I2. K nng: lm cc bi tp dng trc nghim v t lun
3. Thi : Hs tch cc luyn tp
II. CHUN B :hs: chun b trc cc bi tp nh
III. PHNG PHP:
- Hs hp tc nhm nh t gii quyt vn di s hng dn ca gv
IV. NI DUNG TIT HC:

Tit 46

1. n nh lp
2. Luyn tp
Hot ng 1: Cng c v h thng ho kin thc v halogen v hp cht ca halogen:
-

Gv yu cu hs tr li cc bi tp trc nghim BT 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12

GV hng dn HS lm cc bi tp t lun: 3.13 3.19

Hot ng 2: hs tho lun theo nhm BT 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, sau a ra cch gii mu:
Bi 3.4: nKMnO =
4

15,8
= 0,1mol ;
158

PTP:
2KMnO4
Ban u
Sau phn ng

+ 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + H2O

0,1

0(mol)

0,25 (mol)

VCl2 = 0, 25.22, 4 = 5,6lt => p n ng A

Bi 3.5: Vit cc ptp:

1. MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O

2. 2KMnO4

=> nCl2 = n MnO2

+ 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + H2O

=> nCl2 =

5
n KMnO4
2

3. 2KClO3 + 12HCl 2KCl + 6Cl2 + 6H2O => nCl2 = 3n KClO3

4. CaOCl2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + Cl2=> nCl2 = n CaOCl2
p n ng C, KClO3

1
nHCl = 2nH 2 = 2. = 1mol mHCl = 36,5.1 = 36,5 g
Bi 3.6:
2
=> p n ng C
mm ' = (20 + 36,5) 1 = 55,5 gam
Hot ng 3: Tho lun mt s bi tp
A. L THUYT
Cu 1: Clo phn ng c vi nhng cht no trong cc cht sau y?

* Hg, Al, Fe, Cu, Ni, P

* Cc dung dch NaOH, Ca(OH)2, KI, H2SO3, H2S, AgNO2, HBr, NH4OH.
* Cc kh: O2, He, CH4, C2H4, C2H2, H2, SO2, CO, NH3.
Cu 2: Axit HCl phn ng c vi nhng cht no trong cc cht sau y, vit ptp minh ho.
CuO, SiO2, SO2, Fe2O3, Hg, P2O5, CO2, Fe3O4, Na2O, Na2O2, Zn, C, MnO2, HI, Mg, Br2, F2, NH3, Pb(NO3)2,
AgNO3, KClO3.
Cu 3: a. T Cl2, Fe, K, H2O c th iu ch c nhng mui no? Nhng hiroxit no?
b. T MnO2, NaCl, H2SO4 c, Fe, Cu v H2O ngh cch iu ch nhng cht sau: FeCl2, FeCl3, CuSO4
Cu 4: Tinh ch cc cht sau:
a. I2 c ln NaCl, KBr, CuS
b. NaCl c ln NaBr, NaI, NaOH.
C. KCl c ln HgCl2, KBr
Cu 5: Tch ri tng cht sau ra khi hn hp
a. I2, CaO, Fe, Cu
b. S, Fe, I2, KCl
c. AlCl3, ZnCl2, CuCl2.
b. MgCl2, Zn, Fe, Ag
Cu 6: Nhn bit cc cht ng trong cc l mt nhn sau:
1. Khng gii hn thuc th:
a. HCl, NaCl, NaOH, CuSO4 b. NaCl, HCl, KI, HI, HgCl2 c. NaCl, MgCl2, AlCl3, NaNO3
2. Ch dng thm mt thuc th:
a. HCl, KBr, ZnI2, Mg(NO3)2
b. NaCl, KI, Mg(NO3)2, HgCl2
3. Khng dng thm thuc th:
a. CuCl2, HCl, KOH, ZnCl2
b. NaOH, HCl, AlCl3, Cu(NO3)2
c. CaCl2, HCl, Na2CO3
d. MgCl2, HCl, K2CO3, Pb(NO3)2
Cu 7: Nu v gii thch hin tng xy ra khi:
a. a ra nh sng 1 ng nghim ng AgCl c nh thm mt t dung dch qu tm.
b. Hy gii thch ti sao c th iu ch c nc clo nhng khng th iu ch c nc flo
B. BI TON
1. Khi nung nng 44,1 gam KClO 3 khng c xc tc, mt phn mui ny b phn tch cho 6,72lt oxi, mt
phn b phn tch cho kalipeclorat v kaliclorua.
a. Vit cc ptp
b. Tnh khi lng cc sn phm nhn c sau phn ng
c. Tnh % khi lng mui kaliclorat b phn tch cho oxi.
2. Cho 69,6 gam mangan ioxit tc dng vi HCl c. Lng clo thu c dn qua 500ml dung dch NaOH
4M iu kin thng. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT nh nng mol/l ca cc mui to thnh (coi V dd =
const).
3. Tnh lng natri v th tch kh clo cn dng iu ch 4,68gam natri clorua, bit hiu sut phn ng
t 80%.
4. Cho 19,5 gam Zn phn ng vi 7 lt clo th thu c 36,72gam km clorua. Tm hiu sut phn ng.
5. Mt mui clorua ca mt kim loi A c cha 31%A v khi lng. Khi lng nguyn t ca A l 47,9.
nh ho tr ca kim loi A.
6. Cho 1,3gam st clorua tc dng vi lng d bc nitrat thu c 3,444gam bc clorua. nh cng thc
ca mui st.
7. Cho 0,54 gam mt kim loi R c ho tr khng i tc dng vi dung dch HCl thu c 672ml H 2. Xc
nh CTPT, vit CTCT nh tn R?
8. Cho 1,03gam mui natri halogenua A tc dng vi AgNO 3 d th thu c mt kt ta. Kh kt ta thu
c 1,08gam Ag. nh tn mui A.
9. Cho 10,8 gam kim loi ho tr 3 tc dng vi kh clo to thnh 53,4g clorua kim loi.
a. Xc nh tn kim loi?
b. Tnh lng MnO2 v th tch dung dch HCl 37% (d = 1,19g/ml) cn iu ch lng clo dng
cho phn ng trn. Bit hiu sut phn ng iu ch bng 80%.
10. Ho tan 25gam CaCl2. 6H2O trong 300gam nc. Dung dch thu c c khi lng ring bng
1,08g/ml. Tnh nng %, nng mol/l ca dung dch thu c.
11. Cn ly bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 20% (d = 1,1) v nc c 500 ml dung dch HCl 4% (d =
1,02).
12. Cho 23,2 gam hn hp Fe v Cu phn ng vi HCl d thu c 6,72 lt H 2. Xc nh khi lng v
thnh phn % khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp u?

13. Cho 36,8 gam hn hp vi v vi ho tan vo 5 lt dung dch HCl va th thu c 4,48 lt CO2
A. nh thnh phn khi lng hn hp u
B. nh nng mol/l ca dung dch thu c (coi Vdd = const).
C. un nng 26,6 gam hn hp NaCl, KCl vi H 2SO4 c d. Kh to thnh ho tan vo nc. Dung
dch thu c cho tc dng ht vi Zn th thu c 4,48 lt kh. Xc nh khi lng v % khi lng cc
cht trong hn hp u?
14. Ho tan hn hp CaO v CaCO3 bng dung dch Y th thu c 448ml kh CO 2. C cn dung dch Y th
thu c 3,33gam mui khan.
a. Tnh s gam mi cht trong hn hp u?
b. Cho tt c kh CO2 thu c trn hp th vo 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M th thu c
nhng mui g? Bao nhiu gam?
15. C h NaI v NaBr. Ho tan hn hp vo nc v cho brom d v dung dch. Sau phn ng c cn dung
dch th thy khi lng sn phn nh hn khi lng hai mui ban u l m gam. Ho tan sn phm vo
nc v cho clo li qua n d. Sau phn ng em c cn dung dch th thy khi lng sn phm thu c
ln hai nh hn khi lng thu c ln 1 l m gam. Xc nh % khi lng ca NaBr trong hn hp
u?
16. Cho 1,92 gam hp kim ng, km, magie tc dng va vi HCl ta c 0,03 mol kh v dung dch
A. Cho NaOH d tc dng vi dung dch A th thu c 1 kt ta. Nung kt ta ti khi lng khng i
c 0,8 gam cht rn.
a. Vit ptp
b. Xc nh thnh phn ca hn hp
c. T hn hp Cu, Zn, Mg vit ptp iu ch ring 3 mui clorua?
17. Ho tan hon ton 1,70 gam hn hp gm km v kim loi A trong dung dch HCl thu c 0,672lt kh
(ktc) v dung dch B. Mt khc, ho tan 1,9 gam kim loi A cn dng khng ht 200ml dung dch HCl
0,5M.
a. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t A. Bit A thuc nhm IIA
b. Tnh nng % cc cht trong dung dch B bit rng dung dch HCl c nng 10% v trung
ho ht dung dch B phi dng ht 12,5 gam dung dch NaOH 29,2%.
3. Dn d:
- BTVN: + lm BT cn li trong SGK/ trang 119, lm cc BT trc nghim trong SBT v cc sch
tham kho
- c trc bi thc hnh s 3, chun b:d on hin tng, gii thch, vit ptp
VI. RT KINH NGHIM:
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