Traffic Management

Traffic Management
Contents

1 　 General
1.1 　 Outline of Traffic Management
1.2 　 Traffic Type
1.3 　 Call in the Network

2 　 Outline of Call Completion Ratio (CCR)

2.1 　 CCR in foreign countries
2.2 　 CCR in Aden City

3 　 Traffic Report Publication

3.1 　 Present state
3.2 　 Proposed contents of Monthly Traffic Report

4 　 Proposal on Monthly Meeting on Traffic Report

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1 　 General

1.1 Outline of Traffic Management

(1) Traffic type to be managed
- Originating outgoing traffic
- Internal traffic
- Incoming external terminating traffic
- Transit traffic

(2) Traffic measurement and analysis

- Traffic by traffic type in each exchange
- Traffic on route
- Call Completion Ratio(CCR) by traffic type in each exchange

(3) Purpose of traffic management

- Increase of customers’ satisfaction
- Efficient use of telecommunications network resources
- Contribution to future telecommunications network development

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1.2 Traffic Type

ORG ORGOEX OEX

INT TRA

TE IEXTE IEX

- ORG(Originating Call) is the call that originates in the observed exchange.

- IEX(Incoming Call) is the call that originates in the other exchange.
- TE(Terminating Call) is the call that terminates in the observed exchange.
- INT(Internal Call) is the call that originates and terminates in the other exchange.
- OEX(Outgoing External Call) is the call that terminates in the other exchange.
- TRA(Transit Call) is the call that originates and terminates in the other exchange.
- ORGOEX(Originating Outgoing External Call) is the call that originates in the observed exchange
and terminates in the other exchange.
- IEXTE(Incoming External Terminate Call) is the call that originates in the other exchange
and terminates in the observed exchange.

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1.3 Call in the Network

(1) Call Status

Success in setting-up of Conversation

path between calling and
called party
Call
Failure in setting-up of
path between calling
and called party
Called party is free. Called party doesn't answer
Calling party disconnects before called party answers.
Called party is busy.
Wrong behavior of
calling party Calling party makes incomplete dial
Calling party dials unavailable or vacant number.
Network congestion Congestion of own exchange
Congestion of outer exchange
Exchange Facility
Network
technical Fault Transmission Facility
Subscriber Facility

Definition of Call Completion Ratio (CCR)

No. of Calls succeeded in conversation
CCR(%) = × 100
No. of Total Calls

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1.2 Call in the Network

(2) Call phases and examples of causes of call failure

Call phases Examples of causes of call failure

A-sub goes
off-hook
(1) A-sub receives no dial tone.
Dial tone delay (2) Network makes excessive dial tone delay.
A-sub receives
dial tone
(1) A-sub abandons the call attempt.
A-sub dials Dialing time (2) A-sub makes wrong number.
B-sub number

(1) Network makes misrouting of the call.

The call is routed (2) Network makes excessive through-connection delay.
to its destination Post dialing delay (3) Network has some congestion in an exchange and or a link.
(4) Network makes excessive ring back tone delay.
Ringing signal (5) A-sub abandons the call attempt.
(1) B-sub is engaged in other call.
Time to answer (2) B-sub doesn't answer to the call.
(3) B-sub facility is out of order.
(4) A-sub disconnects the call before B-sub answers.
Answer
Conversation Conversation time
A-sub and B-sub
go on hook
Release delay
(1) Network fails in the connection release.
Release (Network can not set up a connection for a new call.)

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2 Outline of Call Completion Ratio (CCR)

2.1 CCR in foreign countries
(1) CCR in foreign countries
CCR in international call and telephone density

(Working lines per100inhabitants)

80% 45% 2% Technical 　 Fault
70% 40%
CCR measured by AT&T, 1991 Congestion
60% 35% 10% Incorrect 　 Dial
Density by ITU Year Book, 1992 4%
30%
50%
CCR(%)

Density
25% 12%
40% 49%
20%
30% Busy Complete
15%
20% 10% 23%
10% 5%
0% 0% No 　 Answer
Aden

Singapore

Hong
Kong
Indonesia

Malaysia

Japan
Korea
Thailand

CCR in Originating Outgoing Call

(Measured by TT&T, 1997)
Country Name
Aden Data: Traffic Report Nov. 2000

(2) Measures to improve “No Answer”, “Busy” and “Incorrect Dial”

(a) 　“ No Answer”:
- 　 Telephone set with automatic answering function (c) ”Incorrect Dial”
- 　 “ Additional Telephone Service”(Call Forwarding,etc) - Education of subscribers on how to correctly use telephone
- Advertisement of correct telephone numbers to subscribers
(b) 　” Busy”:
- 　 Increase of telephone lines
- 　 Promotion of use of multi line hunting service in PBAX
　 and Key telephone system
- Introduction of “Additional Telephone Service 　
　 (Call Waiting Service, etc)”

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(3) Further information on the multi line hunting system for PABX and Key telephone system
1) Comparison of terminating traffic capacity between multi line hunting system and individual line select system
(a) Assumption Table 1
- Model of the network configuration is shown in Figure 1.
- Loss probability of 10% is used to calculate terminating traffic n a b c
2-1111
capacity. 1 0.111 0.111 100%
2-1112
2 0.595 0.222 268%
Exchange 2-1113 PABX
(b) Calculation of terminating traffic capacity in Figure 1 3 1.271 0.333 382%
2-1114
Terminating traffic capacity based on the condition that 5 lines are 4 2.015 0.444 454%
2-1115
free in Figure 1 is 2.881 erlang for “multi line hunting system” and 5 2.881 0.555 519%
Extension 6 3.758 0.666 564%
0.555 erlang for “individual line select system”, which come from the
Table 1. Figure 1 Network configuration 7 4.666 0.777 601%
8 5.597 0.888 630%
Note that “n” in Table 1 shows number of circuits, “a” shows 9 6.546 0.999 655%
terminating traffic volume by Earlang B formula with p=10%, 10 7.511 1.110 677%
“b” shows traffic volume with 0.111*”n” and “c” shows a/b in %.

Ratio of multi line hunting system to individual line select system

at 5 lines is about 5.2 as shown in Table 1. 20 900%

Percent of capacity ratio

18 Ratio of multi line hunt system to 800%
(c) Advantage of multi line hunting system 16 individual line select system 700%
The curved line in Figure 2 shows the ratio of traffic capacity of multi 14 600%

Earlang
line hunting system to that of individual line select system. The traffic 12
500%
capacity of the multi line hunting system shows about 5 times of that of 10
400%
individual line select system for 5 lines case, about 7 times for 10 lines 8 Traffic capacity of multi Traffic capacity of
6 line hunt system 300%
case and about 8 times for 20 lines case. individual line select system
4 200%
2 100%
) Additional advantage of multi line hunting system 0 0%
In the multi line hunting system, any office exchange automatically 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
nds out free lines among the grouped lines and surely makes call Number of lines
onnection to the PABX. On the other hand, in the individual line select
ystem, a calling party is required to make a call to the free lines, where we Figure 2 Comparison of terminating traffic capacity between
ave some problems in finding a free line. multi line hunt system and individual line select system

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2.2 CCR in Aden City

(1) Network Structure in Aden City

OCB-283
FETEX-150 Saber
OCB-283
Khormaksar
OCB-283 Motorola Hota
26PCM OCB-283
Mobile CDMA
FETEX-150 Dale
Aden Aden OCB-283
Tawahi
Maala Hableend
OCB-283
Sana’a Governorate 21PCM Exchange Building
Tor Albaha
OCB-283 12PCM Lahj Governorate
FETEX-150 OCB-283
Tahalir Maala 12PCM Maala

OCB-283
4PCM 44PCM Zinbar
OCB-283 41PCM
Taiz OCB-283
Dar Saad OCB-283
FETEX-150 FETEX-150 Jaar
Taiz Governorate
Mansoura Crater OCB-283
20PCM Abyan Governorate
Memdara
4PCM

FETEX-150
Madinat Shaab
7PCM

FETEX-150
Little Aden

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(2) CCR of originating outgoing calls in Aden Network

Congestion 5%
Transmission Fault
4%
Switch Fault 0%

12% 31%
No Answer
Complete

Call Attempts:
70,985
Nov. 2000

39%

8% Mistake
Busy

Source: Traffic Report, November 2000

(OCB 283 in Maala Exchange,Measurement during Nov.25 to Nov.29,2000)

Terminology Meaning
Call Attempts Total calls originated by the subscribers connected to the exchange
Complete Complete call because a called party answered.

Mistake Not complete call because a calling party made a mistake in dialing.

Busy Not complete call because a called party was engaged in other call.
No answer Not complete call because a called party did not answer.
Switch Fault Not complete call because a call was blocked due to an exchange fault.

Congestion Not complete call because a call was blocked due to a route congestion.

Transmission Fault Not complete call because a call was blocked due to a transmission fault.

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(3) Study of CCR improvement of originating outgoing calls in Aden

1) Reduction of “Busy”
* Busy rate analysis of calls by destinations (local call, long distance call, mobile call, etc.)
* Analysis of calls from subscribers showing high busy rate whether or not they use multi line hunting system.
* Analysis of calls from subscribers showing high busy rate whether or not they can increase their telephone lines.
* Analysis of calls from subscribers showing high busy rate whether or not they can use call waiting service.
* Study of implementation way of measures based on the analysis mentioned above.

2) Reduction of “No Answer”

* No answer rate analysis of calls by destinations (local call, long distance call, mobile call, etc.)
* Analysis of calls from subscribers showing high no answer rate whether or not they use telephone sets with
automatic answering function.
* Analysis of calls from subscribers showing high no answer rate whether or not they can use follow-me service.
* Analysis of calls from subscribers showing high no answer rate whether or not they can use voice mail service.
* Study of implementation way of measures based on the analysis mentioned above.

3) Reduction of “Mistake”
* Analysis of calls from subscribers showing high mistake rate in their dial process.
* Setting up of way of educating subscribers in correct dialing.
* Study of implementation way of educating subscribers.

4) Reduction of “Congestion”
* Analysis of traffic congestion by route
* Study of implementation way of removing congestion such as increase of traffic capacity or change of traffic
routing, etc.

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3 Traffic Report Publication

3.1 Present state

The Aden branch of PTC monthly publishes the Traffic Report, which includes very important traffic
data to increase the customers’ satisfaction, to contribute to the efficient use of network resources, etc.

The Aden branch will be required to utilize the Traffic Report as much as possible for provision of better
services and contribution to the efficient use of network resources.

3.2 Proposed contents of Monthly Traffic Report

(1) Contents (Draft)

1. Summary of issues and/or problems of the month

2. Traffic type measurement in the exchanges
3.Number of working lines connected to the exchanges
4. Network configuration in Aden
5. Traffic on routes during busy hour
6. High usage routes during busy hour
7. Call completion ratio (CCR) in each exchange
7.1 CCR in originating outgoing call
7.2 CCR in originating outgoing local call
7.3 CCR in originating outgoing long distance call
7.4 CCR in internal call
7.5 CCR in incoming terminating call
7.6 CCR in transit call
8. Minutes of monthly meeting on Traffic Report

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(2) Further information on the Contents (Draft) (1/5)

1. Summary of traffic performance of the month

- This item briefly describes measures to improve CCR and topics on traffic performance, such as status of CCR,
analysis of causes deteriorating CCR, etc.
- Some samples are shown below:

(1) Average CCR in originating call exceeds 50%.

The average CCR in originating call showed 52% this month. Main reason comes from decrease of
“Mistake”, which will show that the PTC campaign educating subscribers works well.
(2)High congestion in internal call in XX exchange
Average congestion for internal call is 0.5%, but congestion in XX exchange shows 6%. The reason comes from
the signal control failure in the route between XX exchange and its RSU on 3rd May.
(3) Removal of congestion cause in XX exchange
Replacement of signal control cards in the exchange recovered the failure.
(4) Others

2. Traffic type measurement in the exchanges

- This item shows the traffic volume by traffic type in each exchange.
- Some samples are shown below:

Traffic type measurement

Exchange ORG INT OEX IEX TRA TE ORG+IEX
Maala FETEX-150
Mansoura FETEX-150
Crater FETEX-150
Maala OCB-283

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(2) Further information on the Contents (Draft) (2/5)

3.Number of working lines connected to each exchange

- This item shows the status of each exchange such as line capacity, working lines connected, etc.
- Some samples are shown below:
Number of working lines connected to each exchange
Governorate Office code Exchange MSU/RSU Line capacity Working lines% of connected lines
24,28 Maala FETEX150 MSU 12,600 9,078 72%
20 Tawahi FETEX150 RSU 6,100 3,017 49%
23 Khormaksar FETEX150 RSU 11,142 4,947 44%
34,38 Al Mansoura FETEX150 MSU 20,248 17,412 86%
36 Madinat Shaab FETEX150 RSU 1,022 880 86%
Aden
37 Little Aden FETEX150 RSU 1,973 1,918 97%
25,26 Crater FETEX150 MSU 11,038 10,199 92%
22 Maala OCB-283 MSU
30 Dar Saad OCB-283 RSU
33 Memdara OCB-283 RSU
60 Zingbar OCB-283 RSU
Abyan
61 Jaar OCB-283 RSU
50 Hota OCB-283 RSU
51 Saber OCB-283 RSU
Lahj
53 Dale OCB-283 RSU
57 Hableen OCB-283 RSU

4. Network configuration in Aden

- This item shows the network structure in Aden.
- Some sample is shown in the slide 8.

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(2) Further information on the Contents (Draft) (3/5)

5. Traffic on routes during busy hour

- This item shows traffic status on each route.
- Some samples are shown below:
Exchange Route Equiupped Working Carried Offered Traffic limit Traffic load Circuit
name name circuits circuits traffic traffic at p=1% performance availabilty
Maala MLMRB 1320 1320 1100 1100 1188 93% 100%
MLCRB 1230 1200 950 950 1107 86% 98%
MLKHB 780 780 710 710 702 101% 100%
MLTAB 630 630 450 450 567 79% 100%
MLMLB 360 360 280 280 324 86% 100%
MLMOB
MLTAHB 360 360 295 295 324 91% 100%
MLTIB 120 120 80 80 108 74% 100%
Mansuora MRMLB 1320 1260 1050 1050 1188 88% 95%
MRCRB 600 600 530 530 540 98% 100%
MRMDB 120 120 100 100 108 93% 100%
MRADB 210 210 188 188 189 99% 100%
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(1) Route name, for instance, MLMRB is given as follows;

ML means Maala, MR means Mansoura and B means the circuit is used in both way operation.
(2) Carried traffic can be got from the measured traffic data.
(3) Offered traffic can be calculated by use of Ealrang-B formula.
(4) Traffic limit at p=1% can calculated by use of Earlang-B formula.
(5) Traffic load performance is calculated by the rate of offered traffic to traffic limit at p=1%.
(6) Traffic availability is calculated by the rate of working circuits to equipped circuits.

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(2) Further information on the Contents (Draft) (4/5)

6. High usage routes during busy hour

-This item shows to pay special attention on the high usage traffic
routes over 100% in traffic load performance of “5. Traffic on
routes during busy hour”.

7. Call completion ratio (CCR) in each exchange

7.1 CCR in originating outgoing call
7.2 CCR in originating outgoing local call
7.3 CCR in originating outgoing long distance call
7.4 CCR in internal call
7.5 CCR in incoming terminating call
7.6 CCR in transit call

- This item shows the CCR in each traffic type.

- Some samples are shown in the following slide.

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(2) Further information on the Contents (Draft) (5/5)

Exchange Call Complet Transmission Transmissio

Traffic type Busy No Answer Switching
name attempts e calls Congestion n Signal
Maala
Originating outgoing call Mansoura
Crater
Maala
Originating outgoing local call Mansoura
Crater
Number of calls

Maala
Originating outgoing Mansoura
long distance call Crater
Maala
Internal call Mansoura
Crater
Maala
Incoming terminating call Mansoura
Crater
Maala
Transit call Mansoura
Crater

Exchange Call Complet Transmission Transmissio

Traffic type Busy No Answer Switching
name attempts e calls Congestion n Signal
Maala 100%
Originating outgoing call Mansoura 100%
Crater 100%
Maala 100%
Originating outgoing local call Mansoura 100%
Percent (%) of calls

Crater 100%
Maala 100%
Originating outgoing Mansoura 100%
long distance call Crater 100%
Maala 100%
Internal call Mansoura 100%
Crater 100%
Maala 100%
Incoming terminating call Mansoura 100%
Crater 100%
Maala 100%
Transit call Mansoura 100%
Crater 100%

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4 Proposal on Monthly Meeting on Traffic Report

(1) Meeting Members

-Top management of the Aden branch of PTC
-Chief of Section in Operation, Rural, Transmission, Switching and Cable
Network
-Traffic Section is the Secretariat of the Meeting.

(2)Meeting Agenda
- Presentation on summary of Monthly Traffic Report
- Discussion on presentation
- Report and discussion on the evaluation of implemented measures
- Proposal and discussion on new improvement measures

(3) Minutes of Meeting

- Minutes of the meeting is made.
-The minutes is involved in the Monthly Traffic Report.

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