Choi 1

Wendy Choi

Mr. Nimmo

20th Century World History

22 Sep 2008

A. Plan of Investigation

To what extent does post World War II immigration to Australia play a role in the world’s

third globalization?

As a part of a world where different groups are being increasingly incorporated into each

other, it is essential for us to understand the causes and effects of the interconnection. In response

to the needs of a more dependable way of traveling following the outbreak of World War II,

technological developments greatly accelerated. Thus, visiting other countries is no longer a

lengthy and risky voyage of days or even weeks but simply a ride that takes less than a day,

depending on one’s destination. In addition, nowadays, communication is no longer held back by

distance, for example, business conferences can be made without the conductors traveling to

1
Peter Stalker. Workers Without Frontiers: The Impact of Globalization on International
Migration. (West Port, CT: International Labour Organization, 2000) 2.
2
Michael Mandelbaum. The Case for Goliath: How America Acts as the World's Government in
the Twenty-first Century. (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005) 90.
3
Thomas Sowell. Migration and Cultures: A World View. (USA: BasicBooks, 1996) 46.
4
Sowell, 45.
5
Graeme Hugo. Journal of Population Research (Nov 2006)
<http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0PCG/is_2_23/ai_n21053959/pg_8?
tag=artBody;col1>
 Choi 2

other places. The transportation developments due to World War II stimulate globalization, “a

higher plane of organization— one at which discrete national entities are themselves dissolving

so that all major political and economic decisions will ultimately be transmitted globally”1.

Some historians claim that the first globalization took place when China begins trading along the

Silk Road with Europe, while others argue that the first globalization began in Europe and

eventually extends to the Middle East during the period of the Roman Empire. Most historians

agree that the second globalization takes place “within what came to be known as the trilateral

world, which consisted of Western Europe, North America, and Japan” 2. The third

globalization, therefore, is the modern world that we inhabit, which has its origins from the

1980s.

With the term globalization, one should not only imply the idea of an economic exchange

but also an exchange of the people in the world— immigration. With the types of transportation

during the era of the second globalization, immigration is highly risky and limited. Thus, it is

economically international. Therefore, the first genuine globalization should be what is known as

the third globalization of people and economic exchange. After World War II, the Australians

realized their small population made them vulnerable to attacks. To cure such problem, the

1
Peter Stalker. Workers Without Frontiers: The Impact of Globalization on International
Migration. (West Port, CT: International Labour Organization, 2000) 2.
2
Michael Mandelbaum. The Case for Goliath: How America Acts as the World's Government in
the Twenty-first Century. (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005) 90.
3
Thomas Sowell. Migration and Cultures: A World View. (USA: BasicBooks, 1996) 46.
4
Sowell, 45.
5
Graeme Hugo. Journal of Population Research (Nov 2006)
<http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0PCG/is_2_23/ai_n21053959/pg_8?
tag=artBody;col1>
 Choi 3

“White Australia” policy is loosened to encourage immigration by subsidizing many of the

immigrants.3 Other countries that practiced the same strategy to recruit immigrants included

Canada, Argentina, and Brazil with the goal to promote the economic development of their vast

unoccupied lands and idle natural resources.4 One may expect the dominant society to influence

smaller ones for the Americans has a large impact on their foreign immigrants, but when

immigrants settle on Australia, they actually passed on their customs and traditions and greatly

influenced the predominant Australian culture. For example, immigration to Australia has

“contribute to [their] national development goals by increasing productivity through enhancing

the national pool of skilled people.”5 As a result of World War II and the Cold War, an authentic

globalization has occurred.

1
Peter Stalker. Workers Without Frontiers: The Impact of Globalization on International
Migration. (West Port, CT: International Labour Organization, 2000) 2.
2
Michael Mandelbaum. The Case for Goliath: How America Acts as the World's Government in
the Twenty-first Century. (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005) 90.
3
Thomas Sowell. Migration and Cultures: A World View. (USA: BasicBooks, 1996) 46.
4
Sowell, 45.
5
Graeme Hugo. Journal of Population Research (Nov 2006)
<http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0PCG/is_2_23/ai_n21053959/pg_8?
tag=artBody;col1>
 Choi 4

F. List of Sources
Books:
Mandelbaum, Michael. The Case for Goliath: How America Acts as the World's Government in
the Twenty-first Century. New York: PublicAffairs, 2005.
Stalker, Peter. Workers Without Frontiers: The Impact of Globalization on International
Migration. West Port, CT: International Labour Organization, 2000.

1
Peter Stalker. Workers Without Frontiers: The Impact of Globalization on International
Migration. (West Port, CT: International Labour Organization, 2000) 2.
2
Michael Mandelbaum. The Case for Goliath: How America Acts as the World's Government in
the Twenty-first Century. (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005) 90.
3
Thomas Sowell. Migration and Cultures: A World View. (USA: BasicBooks, 1996) 46.
4
Sowell, 45.
5
Graeme Hugo. Journal of Population Research (Nov 2006)
<http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0PCG/is_2_23/ai_n21053959/pg_8?
tag=artBody;col1>