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The truth of the Riemann hypothesis
Werner Raab
Abstract
We shall show that the meromorphic function
v
(
s
) =
π
sin(
πs
)(1
/
2
−
s
)
ζ 
(3
/
2
−
s
)is holomorphic within the complex strip: 0
<
s <
1, since it is theMellin transform
v
(
s
) =
 
∞
0
t
s
−
1
w
(
t
)
dt
of the function
w
(
t
) =12
πi
 
1
/
2+
i
∞
1
/
2
−
i
∞
t
−
s
v
(
s
)
ds
with the properties
w
(
t
) =
O
(1) when
t
→
0and
w
(
t
) =
O
(1
/t
) when
t
→∞
.
Keyword: Riemann hypothesisMathematics Subject Classification: 11M26
1 A Mellin transformation
We consider the reciprocal
u
(
s
) =1(
s
−
1)
ζ 
(
s
)(1)of the regularized zeta-function (
s
−
1)
ζ 
(
s
) with the complex variable
s
.1
 
The famous Riemann hypothesis may be expressed by the claim that themeromorphic function
v
(
s
) =
π
sin(
πs
)
u
(3
/
2
−
s
) (2)is holomorphic within the complex strip: 0
<
s <
1.
Theorem 1
Within the complex strip:
0
<
s <
1
/
2
, the function 
v
(
s
)
isequal to the Mellin transform 
v
(
s
) =
 
∞
0
t
s
−
1
w
(
t
)
dt
(3)
of the series
w
(
t
) =2
√
t
∞
ν 
=1
µ
(
ν 
)
ν 
arctan
 
tν 
(4)
with the values
µ
(
ν 
)
of the M¨ obius arithmetic function.Proof 
. The M¨obius numbers
µ
(
ν 
) can be defined by the Dirichlet series1
ζ 
(
s
)=
∞
ν 
=1
µ
(
ν 
)
ν 
s
.
This converges in the half plane:
s >
1 and vanishes at
s
= 1.If 0
<
s <
1
/
2, then it follows from the Mellin transformation
 
∞
0
t
s
−
3
/
2
arctan
 
tν dt
=
 
∞
0
t
s
−
3
/
2
 
√
t/ν 
0
dx
1 +
x
2
dt
=
√
ν 
 
∞
0
t
s
−
1
 
10
dxν 
+
x
2
tdt
=
√
ν 
 
10
 
∞
0
t
s
−
1
ν 
+
x
2
tdtdx
=
ν 
s
−
1
/
2
 
∞
0
t
s
−
1
1 +
tdt
 
10
dxx
2
s
=
πν 
s
−
1
/
2
sin(
πs
)(1
−
2
s
)that
v
(
s
) =
π
sin(
πs
)(1
/
2
−
s
)
∞
ν 
=1
µ
(
ν 
)
ν 
3
/
2
−
s
= 2
∞
ν 
=1
µ
(
ν 
)
ν 
 
∞
0
t
s
−
3
/
2
arctan
 
tν dt
= 2
 
∞
0
t
s
−
3
/
2
∞
ν 
=1
µ
(
ν 
)
ν 
arctan
 
tν dt.
In addition, we remark that
w
(
t
) =2
√
t
∞
ν 
=1
µ
(
ν 
)
ν 
π
2
−
arctan
 
ν t
=
−
2
√
t
∞
ν 
=1
µ
(
ν 
)
ν 
arctan
 
ν t.
(5)2
 
2 Power series expansions
Theorem 2
If 
0
≤
t <
1
, then 
w
(
t
)
is represented by the power series
w
(
t
) =
∞
k
=0
u
(3
/
2 +
k
)(
−
t
)
k
.
(6)
Proof 
. According to the definition (4) we have
w
(
t
) =2
√
t
∞
ν 
=1
µ
(
ν 
)
ν 
∞
k
=0
(
−
1)
k
1 + 2
k
tν 
1
/
2+
k
=
∞
k
=0
(
−
t
)
k
1
/
2 +
k
∞
ν 
=1
µ
(
ν 
)
ν 
3
/
2+
k
=
∞
k
=0
(
−
t
)
k
(1
/
2 +
k
)
ζ 
(3
/
2 +
k
)
.
Another way to derive this result is the Mellin inversion
w
(
t
) =12
πi
 
1
/
2+
i
∞
1
/
2
−
i
∞
t
−
s
v
(
s
)
ds
=
π
∞
k
=0
Res
s
=
−
k
t
−
s
u
(3
/
2
−
s
)sin(
πs
)
.
Theorem 3
If 
0
≤
t <
∞
, then 
w
(
t
)
is represented by the series
w
(
t
) =11 +
t
∞
m
=0
∆
m
u
(3
/
2)
t
1 +
t
m
(7)
with the differences
∆
m
u
(3
/
2) =
m
k
=0
mk
(
−
1)
k
(1
/
2 +
k
)
ζ 
(3
/
2 +
k
)
.
Proof 
. The identities
t
k
=11 +
t
∞
m
=
k
mk
t
1 +
t
m
hold for
t >
−
1
/
2. According to Theorem 2 we obtain the power series(1 +
t
)
w
(
t
) =
∞
k
=0
u
(3
/
2 +
k
)(
−
1)
k
∞
m
=
k
mk
t
1 +
t
m
=
∞
m
=0
t
1 +
t
mm
k
=0
mk
(
−
1)
k
u
(3
/
2 +
k
)
.
3
of 00

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