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February 2008 Volume 20, No. 2(E)
Flooding South Lebanon
Israel’s Use of Cluster Munitions in Lebanon in July and August 2006
 Acronyms..................................................................................................................i
 
Map of Lebanon .......................................................................................................ii
 
Summary .................................................................................................................1
 
Methodology.....................................................................................................14
 
Recommendations............................................................................................16
 
To the Government of Israel.........................................................................16
 
To the Secretary-General of the United Nations............................................17
 
To the Government of the United States.......................................................17
 
To all governments......................................................................................17
 
Cluster Munitions and International Humanitarian Law..........................................19
 
Background on Cluster Munitions.....................................................................19
 
International Humanitarian Law........................................................................21
 
International Humanitarian Law Applied to Cluster Munitions............................24
 
Israel and Cluster Munitions..................................................................................26
 
Use, Production, Trade, and Stockpiling............................................................26
 
Types of Cluster Munitions and Submunitions Used in Lebanon........................29
 
The Impact of Israel’s Use of Cluster Munitions in Lebanon in July and August 2006..........................................................................................................36
 
Shocking Scope: Number of Submunitions and Strikes.....................................37
 
Timing and Targets: When and How Cluster Munitions Were Used.....................39
 
The Early Phases of the War.........................................................................39
 
The Final Barrage.........................................................................................40
 
Attacks on Population Centers.....................................................................42
 
Failure Rates.....................................................................................................44
 
 
Civilian Harm..........................................................................................................49
 
Time of Attack Casualties..................................................................................50
 
Returning Home after the Ceasefire...................................................................50
 
Children............................................................................................................53
 
Agriculture........................................................................................................57
 
Moving through the Town..................................................................................59
 
Casualties during Clearance..............................................................................61
 
Case Studies.....................................................................................................63
 
Tebnine.......................................................................................................63
 
 Yohmor......................................................................................................68
 
Zawtar al-Gharbiyeh and Zawtar al-Sharkiyeh..............................................72
 
The Socioeconomic Effects of Cluster Munition Contamination..........................78
 
Clearance and Risk Awareness...............................................................................82
 
Clearance History in Lebanon............................................................................82
 
Clearance in South Lebanon..............................................................................83
 
UN Mine Action Coordination Center South Lebanon....................................84
 
Demining Organizations..............................................................................84
 
UNIFIL.........................................................................................................86
 
Lebanese Army...........................................................................................86
 
Hezbollah....................................................................................................87
 
Community Clearance.................................................................................88
 
Lack of Israeli Assistance..................................................................................91
 
Risk Education Programs...................................................................................92
 
Israel’s Statements on the Use of Cluster Munitions and the Findingsof Investigations....................................................................................................95
 
Israel’s Public Statements and Investigations...................................................95
 
UN Investigations............................................................................................100
 
US Investigation..............................................................................................102
 
Israel’s Use of Cluster Munitions and International Humanitarian Law.................104
 
Indiscriminate Attacks....................................................................................105
 
Disproportionate Attacks................................................................................108
 
 
 
Unwarranted Reliance on Warnings.................................................................110
 
Attack on a Protected Place..............................................................................111
 
Global Efforts to Address Cluster Munitions..........................................................112
 
Conclusion............................................................................................................117
 
 Appendix: Israel’s Response to a Letter of Inquiry from Human RightsWatch .................................................................................................................. 118
 
 Acknowledgements...............................................................................................131
 
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