zaad : z Used in loan wordsto-e : t Used in loan wordszo-e : z Used in loan wordsain : ' Could also stand for an unspecified initial vowelghain : ghfe : fqaaf : qkaaf : kgaaf : g Does not occur in Arabiclaam : lmeem : mnoon : nvaa-o : w Stands for oo/o/au at the end of a word. In themiddle it could stand for w/oo/o/auchhoTi he: h Used in native wordschhoTi ye: y Stand for ee/e/ai at the end of a word. In themiddle it could stand for y/ee/e/aibaRi ye : y Occurs only at the end of a word and stands fore or ai ################################################################################ Abbreviations------------- Grammatical Word Origin----------- -----------n.f. : noun feminine P : Persiann.m. : noun masculine A : Arabicpron. : pronoun T : Turkishadj. : adjective H : Hindiv. : verb S : Sanskritadv. : adverb G : Greekconj. : conjunctionintj. : interjectionprep. : prepositionsuff. : suffixpref. : prefixfig. : figurativeplu. : plurallit. : literalpoet. : poetic ################################################################################ Vocabulary---------- 'alif (long)------------aab: P n.m. wateraab: P n.f. splendor/elegance/polish/brightness/temper(steel)/lustre(gems)/sharpness(sword)aab-e-aa'inah: n.f. polish of a mirroraab-e-talkh: n.m. bitter water/tears/wineaab-e-chashm: n.m. tearsaabaad: P adj. populated/inhabited/peopled/prosperous/happyaabru: P n.f. honor/fame/good name/dignityaap: H pron. self/selves/respectful term of addressaatish: P n.f. fireaatmaa: S n.f. soul/spirit/mindaasim: A n.m. sinner/culpritaakhir: A adj. last/finalaadaab: A n.m. manners (plu. of adab)
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