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The spin
Un article de Quantic.
Spin of the photon
According to mass-energy equivalence and to the Planckand Einsteinformulae, the photon may be considered as a small massconcentrated in a ring of radius r. It moves at the velocity c of light androtates at the velocity of light. The linear and rotational velocities addaccording to the Lorentz transformation thus limiting the maximumvelocity to c.One deduces the angular momentum of the photon:The photon, according to Rocard (Rocard, Y, Thermodynamique, Masson, Paris, 1957, p. 250) may thus bemodelled as a rotating ring of mass
Spin of the electron
The electron, has a mass at rest and a variable velocity; therefore the calculation is more complicated thanfor the photon. MacGregor, in his book, The Enigmatic Electron (MacGregor M.H., The Enigmatic Electron,Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1992), shows that one has to take into account the relativistic variation of the mass dueto the rotation. He assumes that the velocity at the equator of the spherical electron is equal to c, the lightvelocity. Therefore, according to relativity, the density varies in the electron from center to equator. Let uscompute the mass m of a sphere (ball with no empty interior) with radius R in relativistic rotation at velocityAssuming that the electron is a rigid solid, with infinite mechanical strength, the angular velocity
http://deonto-ethics.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=The_spin#Magnetic_moment22/10/09 9:12
 
is constant along the radius. The relativistic specific mass is at a distance r from the center of the axisof rotation and on the axis. If the radius of the electron is unchanged We have:Let us consider an elementary cylinder of height h. The linear velocity of rotation at a distance r from theaxis isBeing c at the equator, the angular velocity isThe mass of the sphere is then:The same method applies to the moment of inertia:This value is not very di
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erent from the classical value:The calculation is intractable in the general case but simplifies crucially in this special case.The relations of Einstein and Planck give the eigen frequency of the electron:The vibration may be assimilated to the angular rotation velocity:The radius of the electron is then the Compton radius:MacGregor obtains in this manner the intrinsic angular momentum of the electron:in accord with experiment, giving a spin de 1/2 in units of .This calculation, as the preceding shows that the angular momentum depends on the mass distribution inthe particle still unknown from experiment. The same dependence on the charge distribution happens forthe magnetic moment.
Magnetic moment
The spin is related to the magnetic moment of a charged particle such as an electron, a proton or even aneutron. The rotation of the electric charges generates a circular current giving a magnetic moment. Asimple assumption is that the electric current is a circle but it may well be distributed in the whole volumeof the particle. The corresponding magnetic moment is given by the formulawhere the period is
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