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Cl2: co the oxi hoa Cl- bang KMnO4 hoac MnO2 hoac K2Cr2O7 trong moi trng
axit.
2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2MnCl2 + 2KCl + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
K2Cr2O7 + 14HCl 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 2KCl + 7H2O
Br2: oxi hoa Br- bang MnO2 trong moi trng axit.
MnO2 + 2KBr + 2H2SO4 Br2 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O
MnO2 + 4HBr MnBr2 + Br2 + 2H2O
I2: oxi hoa I- bang MnO2 trong moi trng axit.
MnO2 + 2KI + 2H2SO4 I2 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O
F2: ien phan nong chay KF, vi anot bang than ch, catot bang thep.
250o C
Chu y: NaCl + H2SO4 ()
NaHSO4 + HCl
2NaBr + 2H2SO4 () Na2SO4 + Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O
2NaI + 2H2SO4 () Na2SO4 + I2 + SO2 + 2H2O
II/. KIEN THC BO SUNG:
1/. Hp chat cha oxi cua clo:
Trong hp chat, clo nhieu so oxi hoa khac nhau, chu yeu la cac so oxi
hoa le (-1, +1, +3, +5, +7).
a/. Nc Javen: La dung dch thu c khi cho kh clo qua dung dch NaOH
2NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO + H2O
Nc Javen co tnh oxi hoa manh dung e tay trang, sat trung.
NaClO la muoi cua axit yeu, trong khong kh tac dung vi kh CO2 tao dung
dch axit hipoclor la axit kem ben va co tnh oxi hoa manh.
NaClO + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 + HClO
b/. Clorua voi: Cong thc cau tao: Cl Ca O Cl
Chat bot mau trang co mui clo, c ieu che bang cach cho kh clo tac
dung vi vi sa
Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 CaOCl2 + H2O
CaOCl2 la muoi cua 2 axit: HClO va HCl. Trong khong kh, clorua voi tac dung
vi CO2 tao dung dch axit hipoclor la axit kem ben va co tnh oxi hoa manh
2CaOCl2 + CO2 + H2O CaCO3 + CaCl2 + 2HClO
c/. Kali clorat: Tinh the mau trang, c ieu che bang cach cho kh clo qua dd KOH
nhiet o khoang 70oC
, to
6KOH + 3Cl2
5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O
Nhiet phan KClO3 co xuc tac MnO2, phan ng de dang:
to
2KClO3
2KCl + 3O2
Chat oxi hoa manh, no de dang khi un nong vi lu huynh hoac cacbon:
to
2KClO3 + 3S
2KCl + SO2
to
2KClO3 + 3C
2KCl + 3CO2
d/. Cac axit cha oxi cua clo:
Cac axit cha oxi cua clo gom: axit hipoclor HClO, axit clor HClO 2, axit clorit
HClO3, axit peclorit HClO4.
Tnh axit trong dung dch tang dan va tnh oxi hoa giam dan theo th t:
HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4.
HClO: axit yeu kem ben:
NaClO + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 + HClO
2HClO 2HCl + O2
HClO2: axit trung bnh, kem ben
3HClO2 2HClO3 + HCl
Nguyn Vn Nhn
Trang 2
B. Br<Cl<F<I
C. I<Cl<Br<F
D.
Cau 4/. Th t tang dan ban knh nguyen t cua cac halogen la
A. F<Cl<Br<I
B. Br<Cl<F<I
C. I<Cl<Br<F
D. I<Br<Cl<F
Trang 3
C. 2HCl + Cu CuCl2 + H2
D. 2HCl + FeS FeCl2 + H2S
Cau 14/. Trong phong th nghiem, ieu che HCl bang phan ng
A. NaCl r + H2SO4 ac B. BaCl2 + H2SO4 C. H2 + Cl2
D. Cl2 + HBr
Cau 15/. Nhan xet nao ung ve tnh oxi hoa kh cua halogen ?
A. Clo, brom va iot ch co tnh oxi hoa manh.
B. Tnh kh giam dan theo th t clo, brom, iot.
C. Tnh oxi hoa tang dan theo th t la flo, clo, brom, iot.
D. Flo ch co tnh oxi hoa, con clo, brom, iot co ca tnh kh va tnh oxi
hoa.
Cau 16/. Thc hien phan ng gia 0,03g H2 vi 0,71g Cl2. Neu hieu suat
phan ng at 40% th the tch san pham kh sinh ra ktc la A. 0,448 lt
B. 0,1344 lt
C. 0,1792 lt
D. 0,672 lt
Cau 17/. Cho a mol kh HCl vao 92,7g H2O c dd A. Lay 1/5 dd A tac dung vi
AgNO3 d c 5,74g ket tua. Nong o % ddh A la
A. 7,3%
B. 3,65%
C. 3,94%
D. 7,87%
Cau 18/. Axit halogenhidric nao co the an mon thuy tinh?A. HF
B. HCl
C. HBr
D. HI
Cau 19/. So oxi hoa cua clo trong clorua voi la
A. +1
B. -1
C. +1 va -1
D. 0
Cau 20/. Clorua voi va nc Gia-ven (Javel) the hien tnh oxi hoa la do
A. cha ion ClO-, goc cua axit co tnh oxi hoa manh.
B. cha ion Cl-, goc cua axit clohidric ien li manh.
C. eu la san pham cua chat oxi hoa manh Cl2 vi kiem
D. trong phan t eu cha cation cua kim loai manh.
Cau 21/. Chon cau ung
A. Cac ion F-, Cl-, Br-, I- eu tao ket tua vi Ag+.
B. Cac ion Cl-, Br-, I- eu cho ket tua mau trang vi Ag+.
C. Co the nhan biet ion Cl-, F-, I- ch bang dung dch AgNO3.
D. Trong cac ion halogenua, ch co ion Cl- mi tao ket tua vi Ag+.
Cau 22/. Day axit nao c xep ung th t tnh axit giam ?
A. HCl, HBr, HI, HF B. HI, HBr, HCl, HF C. HCl, HI, HBr, HF D. HF, HCl, HBr, HI
Cau 23/. Day axit nao c xep ung th t tnh kh giam dan ?
A. HCl, HBr, HI, HF B. HI, HBr, HCl, HF C. HCl, HI, HBr, HF D. HF, HCl, HBr, HI
Trang 4
A. phenolphtalein
B. dung dch NaOH
C. quy tm
D.
dung dch H2SO4
Cau 31/. Cho 200ml dd HCl 0,75M vao bnh cha 5,30g Na2CO3 th thay co kh
khong mau bay len. The tch kh thoat ra ktc la
A. 1,12 lt
B. 1,68 lt
C. 3,36 lt
D. 6,72 lt
Cau 32/. Chon cau sai:
A. Co the ieu che brom bang phan ng gia Cl2 vi NaBr.
B. Muoi AgBr khong ben de b phan tch khi co anh sang.
C. Co the ieu che HBr bang phan ng NaBr vi H2SO4 ac.
D. ieu kien thng Br2 the long mau o nau, de bay hi.
Cau 33/. Muoi iot la muoi an co cha them lng nho iot dang
A. I2
B. MgI2
C. CaI2
D. KI
Cau 34/. e phan biet 2 dung dch NaBr, NaI ta co the dung
A. AgNO3
B. AgNO3, ho tinh bot
C. FeCl3, ho tinh bot
D.
ho tinh bot
THI TUYN SINH CAO NG NM 2007
Cu 1: Khi cho 100ml dd KOH 1M vo 100ml dd HCl thu c dd c cha 6,525 gam cht tan. Nng mol
(hoc mol/l) ca HCl trong dd dng l (Cho H = 1; O = 16; Cl = 35,5; K = 39)
A. 0,75M.
B. 1M.
C. 0,25M.
D. 0,5M.
Cu 2: Cho kim loi M tc dng vi Cl2 c mui X; cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HCl c mui
Y. Nu cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch mui X ta cng c mui Y. Kim loi M c th l
A. Mg.
B. Zn.
C. Al.
D. Fe.
Cu 3: Cc kh c th cng tn ti trong mt hn hp l
A. NH3 v HCl.
B. H2S v Cl2.
C. Cl2 v O2.
D. HI v O3.
Cu 4: Ho tan hon ton hh X gm Fe v Mg bng mt lng va dd HCl 20%, thu c dd Y. Nng
ca FeCl2 trong dd Y l 15,76%. Nng phn trm ca MgCl2 trong dd Y l
A. 24,24%.
B. 11,79%.
C. 28,21%.
D. 15,76%.
THI TUYN SINH CAO NG NM 2009
Cu 1: Cht dng lm kh kh Cl2 m l
A. Na2SO3 khan.
B. dung dch NaOH c.
C. dung dch H2SO4 m c .
D. CaO .
Cu 2: Dy gm cc cht va tan trong dung dch HCl, va tan trong dung dch NaOH l:
A. NaHCO3, MgO, Ca(HCO3)2.
B. NaHCO3, ZnO, Mg(OH)2.
C. NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2, Al2O3.
D. Mg(OH)2, Al2O3, Ca(HCO3)2.
Cu 3: t chy hon ton 7,2 gam kim loi M (c ho tr hai khng i trong hp cht) trong hn hp kh Cl 2
v O2. Sau phn ng thu c 23,0 gam cht rn v th tch hh kh phn ng l 5,6 lt ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Mg.
B. Ca.
C. Be.
D. Cu.
Cu 4: Dy no sau y ch gm cc cht va tc dng c vi dd HCl, va tc dng c vi dd AgNO3?
A. Fe, Ni, Sn.
B. Al, Fe, CuO.
C. Zn, Cu, Mg.
D. Hg, Na, Ca.
Cu 5: Nung nng 16,8 gam hh gm Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn vi mt lng d kh O 2, n khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c 23,2 gam cht rn X. Th tch dd HCl 2M va phn ng vi cht rn X l
A. 400 ml.
B. 200 ml.
C. 800 ml.
D. 600 ml.
THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2007, Khi A
Cu 1: Cho t t dd cha a mol HCl vo dd cha b mol Na 2CO3 ng thi khuy u, thu c V lt kh (
ktc) v dd X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dd X thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b
l:
A. V = 22,4(a - b).
B. V = 11,2(a - b).
C. V = 11,2(a + b). D. V = 22,4(a + b).
Cu 2: Dung dch HCl v dung dch CH3COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca hai dung dch tng ng l x
v y. Quan h gia x v y l (gi thit, c 100 phn t CH3COOH th c 1 phn t in li)
A. y = 100x.
B. y = 2x.
C. y = x - 2.
D. y = x + 2.
Cu 3: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch clo bng cch
A. in phn nng chy NaCl.
B. cho dung dch HCl c tc dng vi MnO2, un nng.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn.
D. cho F2 y Cl2 ra khi dung dch NaCl.
THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2008, khi A
Nguyn Vn Nhn
Trang 5
Cu 1: ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s mol FeO bng s mol
Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,23.
B. 0,18.
C. 0,08.
D. 0,16.
Cu 2: Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catt xy ra
A. s kh ion Cl-.
B. s oxi ho ion Cl-.
C. s oxi ho ion Na+.
D. s kh ion Na+.
Cu 3: Cho 2,13 gam hh X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon ton vi oxi thu c hh Y
gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dd HCl 2M va phn ng ht vi Y l
A. 57 ml.
B. 50 ml.
C. 75 ml.
D. 90 ml.
Cu 4: Cho cc cht: Al, Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHS, K2SO3, (NH4)2CO3. S cht u phn ng
c vi dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 6.
Cu 5: Cho cc phn ng sau:
4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
2HCl + Fe FeCl2 + H2.
14HCl + K2Cr2O7 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O.
6HCl + 2Al 2AlCl3 + 3H2.
16HCl + 2KMnO4 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O.
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh oxi ha l
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 6: Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03 M c 2V ml dung dch Y. Dung
dch Y c pH l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 1.
THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2009, khi A
Cu 1: Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi lng d dung dch
HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l
A. KMnO4.
B. MnO2.
C. CaOCl2.
D. K2Cr2O7.
Cu 2: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l:
A. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3.
B. FeS, BaSO4, KOH.
C. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS.
D. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO.
Cu 3: dd X cha hh gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng git cho n ht 200 ml dd HCl 1M
vo 100 ml dd X, sinh ra V lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48. B. 3,36.
C. 2,24. D. 1,12.
Cu 4: Ho tan hon ton 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c 5,6 lt kh H2
( ktc). Th tch kh O2 ( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi 14,6 gam hn hp X l
A. 2,80 lt.
B. 1,68 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 3,92 lt.
THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2007, Khi B
Cu 1: Cho 13,44 lt kh clo ( ktc) i qua 2,5 lt dung dch KOH 100oC. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c 37,25 gam KCl. Dung dch KOH trn c nng l (cho Cl = 35,5; K = 39)
A. 0,24M.
B. 0,48M.
C. 0,4M.
D. 0,2M.
Cu 2: Cho 1,67 gam hh gm hai kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA (PNC nhm II) tc dng ht vi
dd HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Hai kim loi l (cho Be = 9, Mg = 24, Ca = 40, Sr = 87, Ba = 137)
A. Be v Mg.
B. Mg v Ca.
C. Sr v Ba.
D. Ca v Sr.
Cu 3: Nung 13,4 gam hh 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8 gam cht rn v kh X. Lng
kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dd NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l:
A. 5,8 gam.
B. 6,5 gam.
C. 4,2 gam.
D. 6,3 gam.
Cu 4: Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII), theo chiu tng
ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th
A. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
B. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.
C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
D. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2008, khi B
Cu 1: Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra sau: 2FeBr2 + Br2 2FeBr3; 2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br2
Pht biu ng l:
A. Tnh kh ca Cl- mnh hn ca Br -.
B. Tnh oxi ha ca Br2 mnh hn ca Cl2.
C. Tnh kh ca Br- mnh hn ca Fe2+. D. Tnh oxi ha ca Cl2 mnh hn ca Fe3+.
Cu 2: Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v m gam FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,75.
B. 8,75.
C. 7,80.
D. 6,50.
Nguyn Vn Nhn
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to
(3) MnO2 + HCl c
(4) Cl2 + dung dch H2S
Cc phn ng to ra n cht l:
A. (1), (2), (3).
B. (1), (3), (4).
C. (2), (3), (4).
D. (1), (2), (4).
Cu 7: Cho cc dung dch: HCl, NaOH c, NH3, KCl. S dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 l
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 4.
THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2009, khi B
Cu 1: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(a) 4HCl + PbO2 PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
(b) HCl + NH4HCO3 NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O.
(c) 2HCl + 2HNO3 2NO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
(d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2.
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 1.
D. 4.
Cu 2: Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t c trong t
nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t ZX < ZY) vo dung dch AgNO3 (d), thu
c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban u l
A. 58,2%.
B. 41,8%.
C. 52,8%.
D. 47,2%.
Nguyn Vn Nhn
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