! !" "# #$ $$ $% %& &' '% % ) )* *+ +, ,- -. ., ,! !

/ /, ,0 0& &
ChnIIongIng jurIsdIcfIon Is ono of fho bosf dofonsos you cnn mnko, bocnuso If you uso
fho rIghf nrgumonf If Is nImosf ImossIbIo for you fo Iooso!
If fhoy nffomf fo foII you fhnf you cnn`f quosfIon fhoIr jurIsdIcfIon you cnn onsIIy
shuf fhom u wIfh fhoso courf ruIIngs!
0123 45678972:7;1 78 2<=>>31?39@ :<3 2;56: 2=11;: A6;2339 B<31 7: 2>3=6>C
=AA3=68 :<=: :<3 2;56: >=2D8 45678972:7;1@ :<3 2;56: <=8 1; =5:<;67:C :;
63=2< E367:8@ F5:@ 6=:<36@ 8<;5>9 978E788 :<3 =2:7;1. MoIo v. !S, 505 I2d
l026.
Tho Inw roquIros roof of jurIsdIcfIon fo nonr on fho rocord of fho ndmInIsfrnfIvo
ngoncy nnd nII ndmInIsfrnfIvo rocoodIngs. Hngnns v !nvIno, 4l5 !. S. 533.
!ond !S v !ooz nnd Hngnns v !ovIno bofh voId bocnuso of Inck of jurIsdIcfIon. In
!ooz fho cIrcuIf courf cnIIod If rIghf, nnd In Hngnns If hnd fo go fo fho Suromo
courf boforo If wns cnIIod rIghf, In bofh cnsos, voId. ChnIIongo jurIsdIcfIon nnd
mofIon fo dIsmIss, rIghf off fho bnf. If you rond fho suromo Courf cnsos you wIII
fInd fhnf jurIsdIcfIon cnn bo chnIIongod nf nny fImo nnd In fho cnso of !ooz If wns n
jury frInI whIch wns docInrod voId for wnnf of jurIsdIcfIon. If If |jurIsdIcfIon] doosn'f
oxIsf, If cnn nof jusfIfy convIcfIon or judgmonf. .wIfhouf whIch owor (jurIsdIcfIon)
fho sfnfo CAOT bo snId fo bo sovoroIgn. Af bosf, fo rocood wouId bo In
oxcoss of jurIsdIcfIon whIch Is ns woII fnfnI fo fho Sfnfo's/!SA's cnuso. Iroom v.
ougIns, ?5 AIn 268, 5? So 860 fho snmo boIng jurIsdIcfIonnI fncfs IATA! fo fho
govornmonf's cnuso (o.g. soo In ro II, l52 I 64).
A judgmonf rondorod by n courf wIfhouf orsonnI jurIsdIcfIon ovor fho dofondnnf Is
voId. If Is n nuIIIfy. |A judgmonf shown fo bo voId for Inck of orsonnI sorvIco on fho
dofondnnf Is n nuIIIfy.] Srnmok v. Srnmok, l? Knn. A. 2d 5?3, 5?6-??, 840 I.2d
553 (l992), rov. donIod 252 Knn. l093 (l993).
Chal l engi ng j ur i sdi ct i on 1 / 5
# 2;56: 2=11;: 2;1G36 45678972:7;1 B<363 1;13 3H78:39 =19 2=11;: E=D3 =
I;79 A6;233971? I=>79. If Is cIonr nnd woII osfnbIIshod Inw fhnf n voId ordor cnn
bo chnIIongod In nny courf O! WAYI M!T. !. ASSOC. v. McOO!CH, 204
!. S. 8, 2? S. Cf. 236 (l90?).
/<363 78 1; 978263:7;1 :; 7?1;63 >=2D ;G 45678972:7;1. Joyco v. !.S. 4?4 2
2l5.
!;56: E58: A6;I3 ;1 :<3 632;69@ =>> 45678972:7;1 G=2:8 63>=:39 :; :<3
45678972:7;1 =8836:39J !nfnnn v. Hoor, l02 I. 2d l88; ChIcngo v. ow York 3?
I Su. l50
/<3 >=B A6;I7938 :<=: ;123 -:=:3 =19 K3936=> )5678972:7;1 <=8 F331
2<=>>31?39@ 7: E58: F3 A6;I31. MnIn v. ThIboufof, l00 S. Cf. 2502 (l980)
)5678972:7;1 2=1 F3 2<=>>31?39 =: =1C :7E3. nnd JurIsdIcfIon, onco
chnIIongod, cnnnof bo nssumod nnd musf bo docIdod. Insso v. !fnh Iowor & !Ighf
Co. 495 I 2d 906, 9l0.
ofonso of Inck of jurIsdIcfIon ovor fho subjocf mnffor mny bo rnIsod nf nny fImo,
ovon on nonI. HIII To ovoIoors v. HoIIdny IInos SorvIco Cor. 4?8 So. 2d. 368
(IIn 2nd CA l985)
Onco chnIIongod, jurIsdIcfIon cnnnof bo nssumod, If musf bo rovod fo oxIsf. Sfuck
v. ModIcnI IxnmInors 94 Cn 2d ?5l. 2ll I2d 389.
/<363 78 1; 978263:7;1 :; 7?1;63 :<=: >=2D ;G 45678972:7;1. Joyco v. !S, 4?4
I2d 2l5.
/<3 F56931 8<7G:8 :; :<3 2;56: :; A6;I3 45678972:7;1. !osomond v. !nmborf,
469 I2d 4l6.
Chal l engi ng j ur i sdi ct i on 2 / 5
A unIvorsnI rIncIIo ns oId ns fho Inw Is fhnf n rocoodIngs of n courf wIfhouf
jurIsdIcfIon nro n nuIIIfy nnd Ifs judgmonf fhoroIn wIfhouf offocf oIfhor on orson or
roorfy. orwood v. !onfIoId, 34 C 329; Ix nrfo CInmbonInI, 49 I. ?32.
JurIsdIcfIon Is fundnmonfnI nnd n judgmonf rondorod by n courf fhnf doos nof hnvo
jurIsdIcfIon fo honr Is voId nb InIfIo. In !o AIIcnfIon of Wynff, 300 I. l32; !o
CnvIff, ll8 I2d 846.
/<58@ B<363 = 459727=> :67F51=> <=8 1; 45678972:7;1 ;G :<3 85F432: E=::36
;1 B<72< 7: =885E38 :; =2:@ 7:8 A6;233971?8 =63 =F8;>5:3>C I;79 71 :<3
G5>>38: 83183 ;G :<3 :36E. IIIon v. IIIon, l8? I 2?.
# 2;56: <=8 1; 45678972:7;1 :; 93:36E713 7:8 ;B1 45678972:7;1, for n bnsIc
Issuo In nny cnso boforo n frIbunnI Is Ifs owor fo ncf, nnd n courf musf hnvo fho
nufhorIfy fo docIdo fhnf quosfIon In fho fIrsf Insfnnco. !oscuo Army v. MunIcInI
Courf of !os AngoIos, l?l I2d 8; 33l !S 549, 9l !. od. l666, 6? S.Cf. l409.
A donrfuro by n courf from fhoso rocognIzod nnd osfnbIIshod roquIromonfs of Inw,
howovor cIoso nnronf ndhoronco fo moro form In mofhod of rocoduro, whIch hns
fho offocf of dorIvIng ono of n consfIfufIonnI rIghf, Is nn oxcoss of jurIsdIcfIon.
Wuosf v. Wuosf, l2? I2d 934, 93?.
L<363 = 2;56: G=7>39 :; ;F836I3 8=G3?5=698@ 7: =E;51:8 :; 9317=> ;G 953
A6;2388 ;G >=B@ 2;56: 78 93A67I39 ;G 45678. MorrIff v. Hunfor, C.A. Knnsns l?0
I2d ?39.
fho fncf fhnf fho ofIfIonor wns roIonsod on n romIso fo nonr boforo n
mngIsfrnfo for nn nrrnIgnmonf, fhnf fncf Is cIrcumsfnnco fo bo consIdorod In
doformInIng whofhor In fIrsf Insfnnco fhoro wns n robnbIo cnuso for fho nrrosf.
Monroo v.Inn, C, III. l963, 22l I Su 685.
Chal l engi ng j ur i sdi ct i on 3 / 5
M3<72>3N/6=GG72
An ncfIon by onrfmonf of Mofor VohIcIos, whofhor dIrocfIy or fhrough n courf
sIffIng ndmInIsfrnfIvoIy ns fho honrIng offIcor, musf bo cIonrIy dofInod In fho sfnfufo
boforo If hns subjocf mnffor jurIsdIcfIon, wIfhouf such jurIsdIcfIon of fho IIconsoo, nII
ncfs of fho ngoncy, by Ifs omIoyoos, ngonfs, honrIng offIcors, nro nuII nnd voId.
ooInn v. Cnrr, l25 !S 6l8; CIfy v Ionrson, l8l CnI. 640.
Agoncy, or nrfy sIffIng for fho ngoncy, (whIch wouId bo fho mngIsfrnfo of n
munIcInI courf) hns no nufhorIfy fo onforco ns fo nny IIconsoo unIoss ho Is ncfIng
for comonsnfIon. Such nn ncf Is hIghIy onnI In nnfuro, nnd shouId nof bo
consfruod fo IncIudo nnyfhIng whIch Is nof ombrncod wIfhIn Ifs forms. (Whoro)
fhoro Is no chnrgo wIfhIn n comInInf fhnf fho nccusod wns omIoyod for
comonsnfIon fo do fho ncf comInInod of, or fhnf fho ncf consfIfufod nrf of n
confrncf. SchomIg v. KnIsor, l89 CnI 596.
Whon ncfIng fo onforco n sfnfufo nnd Ifs subsoquonf nmondmonfs fo fho rosonf
dnfo, fho judgo of fho munIcInI courf Is ncfIng ns nn ndmInIsfrnfIvo offIcor nnd nof
In n judIcInI cnncIfy; courfs In ndmInIsforIng or onforcIng sfnfufos do nof ncf
judIcInIIy, buf moroIy mInIsforInIIy. Thomson v. SmIfh, l54 SI 583.
A judgo consos fo sIf ns n judIcInI offIcor bocnuso fho govornIng rIncIIo of
ndmInIsfrnfIvo Inw rovIdos fhnf courfs nro rohIbIfod from subsfIfufIng fhoIr
ovIdonco, fosfImony, rocord, nrgumonfs, nnd rnfIonnIo for fhnf of fho ngoncy.
AddIfIonnIIy, courfs nro rohIbIfod from subsfIfufIng fhoIr judgmonf for fhnf of fho
ngoncy. Courfs In ndmInIsfrnfIvo Issuos nro rohIbIfod from ovon IIsfonIng fo or
honrIng nrgumonfs, rosonfnfIon, or rnfIonnI. ASIS v. !S, 568 I2d 284.
O7178:367=> ;GG72368 =63 712;EA3:31: :; 63237I3 ?6=1:8 ;G 459727=> A;B36
G6;E :<3 >3?78>=:563@ :<376 =2:8 71 =::3EA:71? :; 3H362783 852< A;B368 =63
132388=67>C 15>>7:738. Iurns v. Su., Cf., SI, l40 CnI. l.
Chal l engi ng j ur i sdi ct i on 4 / 5
Tho oIomonfnry docfrIno fhnf fho consfIfufIonnIIfy of n IogIsInfIvo ncf Is oon fo
nffnck onIy by orsons whoso rIghfs nro nffocfod fhoroby, nIIos fo sfnfufo roInfIng
fo ndmInIsfrnfIvo ngoncIos, fho vnIIdIfy of whIch mny nof bo cnIIod Info quosfIon In
fho nbsonco of n showIng of subsfnnfInI hnrm, ncfunI or ImondIng, fo n IognIIy
rofocfod Inforosf dIrocfIy rosuIfIng from fho onforcomonf of fho sfnfufo. Ionrd of
Trndo v. OIson, 262 !S l; 29 A!! 2d l05.
- -3 3> > G G 8 8: : 5 59 9C C
Cof know fho word 45678972:7;1
o n CoogIo

sonrch. You wIII fInd sovornI moro courf cIfos you mny chooso fo uso.
VIsIf your IocnI Inw IIbrnry nnd dIscovor fho vnrIous rosourcos nvnIInbIo.
ObfnIn n coy of IInck`s !nw IcfIonnry, rofornbIy nny ono from fho IIrsf fhrough
fho IIffh IdIfIons. Tho SIxfh Is nof ns comIofo, nnd |In fhIs odIfor`s humbIo oInIon] fho
Sovonfh nnd IIghf nro jusf nof worfh your fImo or monoy. IxnmIo, Iook u fho
form !nIfod Sfnfos nnd nofIco fhnf If Is In fho IIrsf fhrough fho IIffh IdIfIons
nnd nof In subsoquonf odIfIons. If Is nn InforosfIng sfudy fo soo how n word, or
hrnso, Is dofInod In onrIIor vorsIons vorsus Infor odIfIons =19 7: 78 F3::36 :;
D1;B :<3 3=6>736 I3687;1. (Tho dumbIng down of AmorIcnns Is n nnfIonnI frngody.)

IrovIow of comIng nffrncfIons:
HAZEL-ATLAS GLASS CO. v. HARTFORD-EMPIRE CO., 322 U.S. 238 (1944)


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Chal l engi ng j ur i sdi ct i on 5 / 5