35

35
(18501886)



,
, , .
,
, .
- ,
, ,
, 19 .
, 1848,
- .

.

28 1830 (Indian
Removal Act). ,
,
, . , ,
.
1848, - ,
(Texas), (California),
(Arizona), (New Mexico), (Utah)
(Nevada). ,
.
(Chiricahua Apaches), (Mescalero), (Lipan),
(Jigarilla), , (Navajo) ..
,
.
(George Crook), ,
, .
,
, (Hidalgo) 1848,

 35

. ,
1850, -
(Santa Fe) (Butterfield),
.

, 1861,
, ,
. 1861,
(John Ward), ,
.
, (Cochise),
, .
, (Fort Buchanan), 40
(Tucson). , (George Bascom),
54
,
, . ,

. 4 1861, ,

, , ,
. , .
, ,
(White Mountain ApachesCoyoteros)
, , .
, ,
. ,
.
, ,
. .
3
. ,
, ,
. 2 ,
.
6 , 1861.
,
,

 35

.
. ,

. 10

. ,
(Mickey Free) ,
.

, ,
(Membreno Apaches),
(Mangas Coloradas), .
.
, .
(Breckinridge),
, , .
, ,
. ,
,
, 150
, .
1861,
, .

, (John Downey)
. , (Patrick
Connor) , (James
Carleton), .
,

, .
(Thomas Roberts) , 15
1862 ,
. (John Teal)
,
. , .
, (Janos)
, , .

 35

, .
,
(Bowie).
, . ,
,
(Edward Canby) (Joseph West),
.

,
,
.
. , ,
(Pinos Altons), 17 1863,
. , (McLane)
(Mimbres). , ,
. ,
,
.
, . ,
,

. , ,

, .
(Christopher
"Kit" Carson), , ,
, . 1863,
(Stanton)
. ,
(William Graydon),
. , ,
, ,
(Sumner),
(Pecos-Bosque Redondo), .
,
.

 35

,
- .
(Eskiminzin), (Aravaipa Apaches) ,

(Grant).

, ,
, ( 1863
).
(Royal Whitman) .
, ,
150 , ,
(Papago),
. 30 1871,
,
, 100 , 150
- . 8 ,
. ,
. (Ulysses Grant),

, ,
(Oliver Howard) (Vincent Coyler),
.
1872 ,
, ,

,
.
, (Thomas Jeffords).
11 ,
, ,
. ,
, , 1874.
, ,
.

(Tonto),
(Mogollon) ,
. ,
, (Idaho)

 35

(Oregon). 1872-73, ,
,
,
. ,
20 , ,
200 .
(William Brown)

(James Burns),

(Salt River Canyon) 28 ,

(Skull Cave), (Yavapai),
(Camp Verde)
. 27 1873,
(George Randall),
(Turret Peak) .
.
, 6.000 ,

.
, :
, , , .
, ,
, , .

- ,
, (Rio Grande)
(Gila) ,
1875. , , .

(Victorio)
. , .
,
.
, , 1879
,
. (Grierson) 10 ,


, ,
. ,

 35

(Sierra Diablo Mountains)

,
.
. , 1860,
. ,
,
1877-1880. , ,
1881
1886. ,
. .

. ,
. ,

.
2 1877, 300
. ,
(Wingate), , 80
, .
(Ojo
Caliente) . 4
1879,
. ,
,
, .
,
(Edward Hatch) ,
(Benjamin Grierson) (Geronimo
Trevino) (Chihuahua) .
, (
) , .
,
.
1863 1877 .
, ,

. ,
, ,
. ,
.

 35

1880, ,
,
350 (Tarahumara)
,
(Joaquin Terrazas). (Tres Castillos), 14
1880,
, , .
.
,
. ,
,
, . , ,
80 (Nana) .

, (Nednhi)
(Juh) , ,
, 1875.
, .
.
, 8 .
, 60 2 .
, ,
,
, - -
. 1876, ,
, .
.
,
. , ,
. ,
,
, .
.
30 1881, , ,
(Nakaidoklini),

.
(Cibecue). .

 35

,
, .
, .
,
.
, , ( ),
74 , .
1882 ,
(Loco) ,
. , ,
,
, (Big Dry Wash).

. -
. , ,
, ,

(Sioux).

, ,
. ,
(Emmet Crawford)
(Charles Gatewood), 1883.

. , 15 .

.
,
. , ,
. , , ,
, . , 1884,

, , ,
.
, ,
, (Arispe).
, .
, .
. ,
,

 35

.
.
,
, ,
.
, , , ,
.
, .

, ,
. 1885,
(iswin)
. , , 150
. ,
, ,
- (los Embudos)- 25 1886.

. .
, 24 , .
, ,
, .
24 , , 5.000

(Henry Lawton) ,
15 . ,
. , ,
,
. 4 1886, , 65
,
, . ,
500 ,
, , , (Pickens)
(Pensacola) (Florida).
, (Vernon),
(Alabama), ,
.
,
. (Comanches) ,

10

 35

,
. (Sill) 1894.
,
, .
, 1909.

, .
, , ,
. , ,
,
.
.
.

. ,
, .
, ,
,
, , (
), ,
,
.
,
. ,

.
(George Catlin ):
. . , 1880
.

(THE APACHES)
(Apaches), ,
pachu (Zuni) .
Inde Nde, , .
(Navajo),
(Athapascan). 6 : --- {Be-don-ko-he}Bedonkohe, -- {Chi-e-a-hen}-Chieahen, -- {Chi-hen-ne}-Chihenne

11

 35

(Ojo Caliente) (Hot Springs Apaches), -- {Chokon-en}- Chokonen (Chiricahua Apache), {Nedni}-Nendi,
(White Mountain Apaches). , ,
: , (White Mountain Apaches-Coyoteros) (Aravaipa Apaches),
(Chiricahua) (Membreno), (Tonto),

(Mescalero-Faraon), (Jigarilla-Tinde), (Lipan)

(Kiowa Apaches-Getaka), .

. , ,
. ,
. 100
, ,
.
. 1,60 .
, ,
(tomahawk)
. .
, .

. ,
, .
o (scalp) - .
.
, -
, .
, . ,
, , , .
, , , 50.000 ,
,
.

. ,
.
, ,

12

 35

. ,
, .
.
,
, .
,
(Benjamin Franklin) 10
(A.H.SMYTH . : McMillan, 1907). ,
.
,
.
. .
. ,
, ,
. , ,
. .
, .
.
.
. ,
,
. .

. , ,
,
. ,
. ,
.

.
O : ,
, . ,
, .
10 , .
, .
.
.
, , .

, .

13

 35

, .
, . ,
, . .
.

(1829-1909)
(Geronimo)-{jur-ahn'-i-moh} (Goyathlay) "
" (one who yawns), .
, .
, , ,
. (Jerome) ,
, , , ,
. , ,
-, . ,
.
1829 .
8 (4 4 ) -- (Bedonkohe). 4 --- 4
--- . 4
4 .
4. ,
, ,
. 1846, 17 ,

.
1858 , ,
.
.
, .
,
. .
,
.
1874 4.000
.
, , .
, ,
. 1878 , ,

14

 35

.
.
.
, .
,
: ,
, ,
.
35 , 8 100
. 5.000
500 , 3.000 ,
. ,
. 20

,
. ,
,
. ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
, .
, 1909.
1980,

, , .
,
,
- .

1) Ogle, Ralph Hedrick. Federal Control of the Western Apache 1848-1886 Albuquerque:
(Univ. of New Mexico Press, 1940, 1970).
2) , ( , 1983).
3) Worcester, Donald E. The Apaches: Eagles of the Southwest. Norman: (Univ. of Oklahoma
Press, 1979).

15

 35

4) Remarks concerning the Savages of North America - ,

( , 1995).
5) , ( , 2000).
6) , ( , 1968).
7) Reedstrom, E. Lisle. Apache Wars: An Illustrated Battle History New York: (Sterling
Publishing Co., 1990).
8) , ( , 1991).
9) - -, ( , 1977).
10) http://www.americanindians.com
11) http://www.nea-acropoli.gr
12) http://www.native-languages.org
13) http://www.legendsofamerica.com
14) http://www.cr.nps.gov
15) http://www.amber-inn.com
16) http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net

16