Bi-1: Kt ni v giao tip GSM n gin nh s giao tip gia g m vi g con

Th xc v linh hn - ci no quan trng ??? C ch kt ni v duy tr giao tip trong h thng thng tin di ng t bo s GSM bao gi cng l 1 chui nhng din t phc tp, di dng. Nhng hu ht mi s rc ri ny li nm trung tm chuyn mch lin kt khch hng (vit tt l SS) - ci m khng bao gi ta c tip cn. Phn cn li n gin hn nhiu li nm trong ci "a l" ca ta. Th m ta phi tip cn sa cha. Mt TD (vit tt l MS) sau khi c lp SIM hp l v bt ngun, ni dung SIM c t ng chuyn v SS thng qua cc trm thu pht sng (BTS). Ti SS, sau hng lot cc th tc, SIM ca ta c nhn thc v ghi s. Nu cng vic ny thnh cng, SS pht tn hiu ln BTS thng bo v MS vic ng k hon thnh bng cch "ng du" tn mng ln mn hnh MS ; ng thi SS lun pht ra tn hiu duy tr giao tip vi MS. Cng vic ny cng na n nh vic ng k h khu - m SIM gi vai tr nh 1 bn khai sinh gc. duy tr tn hiu ny, MS cng phi lin tc pht ra cc tn hiu kt ni vi SS thng qua BTS. V c bit l tn hiu MS cn phi t xc nh s mnh yu ca sng nh mc cng sut lm vic cho bng cao tn ( c lai trong IC cng sut cao tn ). Trong trng hp cng lc c nhiu tn hiu BTS n, MS s chn tn hiu ca BTS mnh nht. Cng nn ch rng: H thng tuyn giao tip ny c th hin bng 2 hnh thc ch yu l: - Giao tip trong in thoi v sau b iu ch BTS l giao tip hu tuyn k thut s.Giao tip gia Anten MS v BTS l giao tip v tuyn k thut s. S lin kt ny ging nh mi lin h ca g m vi n g con: G m lun pht ra nhng ting "cc cc" thu ht n con, ng thi n g con phi lun lun pht ra ting "chp chp" phn hi li cho g m bit rng n cn hin hu trong vn. V ngi ta gi y l s duy tr kt ni. C 2 cch kt ni m ta vn gi nm na l d mng: -D t ng (auto) -D th cng (manual) Nu mi trng GSM thun li (MS tt, ng truyn tn hiu tt, SS tt, a hnh tt...) th vic kt ni thng thnh cng ngay trong giai on t ng. Cn nu tn ti 1 trc trc g th ta phi kt ni bng phng php th cng. C 2 cch ny m vn khng thc hin c chng t h thng c s c, ngi ta gi l "rt mng". Vy mun c mng phi cn nhng g? n gin l phi c sng mang (l bng tn) tc l "xa l" ca my phng ra ngoi. Nu h thng MS tt (c phn cng v phn mm), mun ha mng nht thit phi c SIM ( hoc mt modul ging nh SIM). SIM l g? Nu ni v n th rt di dng, rt phc tp, bi trong n c tch hp c 1 h thng bao gm c b x l, v b nh hot ng trong mi trng t lp trnh. V ta cng khng cn nng lng vi n v khng bao gi ta c th "m bng" n m sa cha "rut gan tim phi" ca n c. Do vy ta ch cn hiu th ny: SIM chnh l 1 chic th nh hot ng theo c ch cm vo l chyc cc chc nng: -Kha nhn thc -Kha mt m -Nhn dng quc t -Nhn dng tm thi -Vng nh v -S in thoi -Bn tin ngn 1

-Danh sch tn s sng mang dnh cho vic chn N c chia thnh 3 vng: -Vng 1 do ngi sn xut ghi sn theo hp ng vi nh pht hnh - y l vng ngi s dng khng th tip cn v b kha cht -Vng 2 dng ghi ni dung giao tip ca ngi dng trong c tn mng, bng tn, m iu ch tn hiu, s in thoi (m thc cht l s th t SIM) - vng ny ngi s dng c tip cn nhng khng th thay i ni dung. -Vng 3 l 1 b nh m c dung lng thng l 16 K ghi nh khong 250 s in thoi, hin nay vng ny c m rng hn vi SUPER_SIM - y l vng dnh cho ngi khai thc s dng. Nu ch SIM hot ng c lp ta ch cn cp 1 ngun DC c lp v 1 n v xung kch hot CMOS bn trong SIM. Nhng nu mun SIM ha nhp c ch trong h thng ca MS th bn thn h thng in t ca MS (c gi l PHN CNG) phi chp hnh tuyt i hng lot cc thao tc ng m logic (c trc, c sau) c iu khin bng 1 chng trnh do con ngi vit ra (c gi l PHN MM) lu gi trong module nh ca h thng MS m ta thng gi l FLASH ROM ( b nh tc cao). Vy phn cng MS gm nhng b phn g? Cng ging nh bt k h thng my mc no, h thng in t ca MS cng bao gm cc linh kin ch ng v th ng hp thnh v c chia thnh cc khi sau: 1- Khi ngun (PA): bao gm ngun s cp l batt chnh v batt ph thng qua IC ngun cung cp nng lng theo nh mc cho cc khi trong my. 2- Khi cao tn (HF): nu coi MS l ci nh th y l ci cng vo ra ca cn nh . N c nhim v iu ch cc tn hiu (vo - ra) ph hp vi chun giao tip (trong - ngoi). 3- Khi x l m thanh (DSP): bao gm c tin khuych i micro v loa c nhim v gii m v khuych i tnh hiu vo (Rx), v khuych i, m ha tn hiu ra (Tx).Ngoi ra nhiu nh thit k cn tch hp trong n b tch tn hiu iu khin a v CPU kch hot cc chc nng ng b vi m thc lm vic. 4- Trung tm iu khin: c hp thnh t 2 b phn: a/ FlashROM: l b nh nhanh c nhim v ct gi phn mm h thng v phn mm m khc. b/ CPU: l trung tm x l, c nhim v tip nhn v son tho ni dung phn mm gi n t flash thnh cc lnh logic iu khin h thng MS v cng chnh v nhim v quan trng nh vy nn n thng giao du trc tip hoc gin tip vi cc b phn chc nng quan trng ca h thng. C ngi gi chung c a v b l khi LOGIC. 5- Khi hin th: gm mn hnh trong v ngoi (c th l LCD, TFT, OLED), c nhim v th hin cc ni dung iu khin bng hnh nh trn mn hnh thng qua DDRAM. 6- Bn phm: bao gm cc h thng cng tc thng h, sn sng thc hin lnh thng qua vic ng m Col (ct) v Row (hng) vo trung tm x l son tho thnh lnh tng thch. 7- L 1 thnh phn khng th thiu c trong bt k b x l k thut s no - l b to dao ng nhp chun (clock) 13MHz hoc 26MHz. Trong thng k chc nng, ngi ta cn a vo c SIM, MMC, CAMERAcoi n nh l mt khi chc nng hp thnh. Nhng xt cho cng y ch l nhng tch hp theo thit k ca tng m hnh MS. Chng ti khng thng k. H thng phn cng ny hp thnh MS v chu s iu khin ca CPU. Vy CPU ly g v cn c vo u iu khin n (PHN CNG). l PHN MM. Phn mm l 1 chng trnh c sp t sn bi ca con ngi v do chnh con ngi vit ra bng h iu hnh ca Symbian v tng lai c nhiu hn na nh Linux, 2

Windows... Vy phn mm c quan trng khng? Sao li khng! Nu khng ni n l "quyn nng tuyt i". Vy phn mm u? Ti sao khng thy n? Kh vy y, ai trng thy "linh hn" bao gi u! Vy c th coi PHN CNG l th xc v PHN MM l linh hn ca MS: - Nu khng c phn xc th phn hn khng bit tr ng u v iu khin ci g. - Ngc li nu khng c phn hn th phn xc s "" ra nh 1 cc st g v tch s! Theo bn phn no quan trng hn, xc hay hn? Cc t vit tt trong bi: - BTS (Base Transceiver Station): trm thu pht gc - DSP (Digital Signal Processing): x l tn hiu s - GSM (Global System of Mobile communication): h thng thng tin di ng ton cu - HF (High Frequency): tn s cao - MS (Mobile Station): thit b di ng - SS (Switching Sub-system): h thng con chuyn mch

Bi-2: Bt my ? Cng n gin nh vic nhm la

Bi trc chng ta bit s lin lc gia BTS - MS cng gn ging nh s giao tip ca n g m con. Cc lnh iu khin h thng MS u c CPU son tho t ni dung phn mm ca HH. Cng c ngha phn cng chu s iu khin ca phn mm v n cn l ci nn phn mm chy trn . Vy c th coi phn cng l th xc, phn mm l linh hn.Bi ny ta tip tc quan st xem MS c khi ng nh th no v qua my bc. c th ca MS l cng c hot ng lin tc v trong mi trng di ng nn ch lm vic ca n phi lun n nh, phn ng nhanh thch nghi kp thi vi tng khong thi gian, khng gian. Do vy n cn h thng x l linh hot, c tc chuyn ti thng tin cao vi tiu ch : tit kim ngun nht, lin kt bn vng nht. duy tr v kt ni thnh cng, trc ht MS phi qua bc khi ng. y l thi im quan trng nht v thng qua giai on ny n chng minh h thng phn cng c tt khng. 1- Sau khi cho pin (BATT) vo v n cng tc POW, IMEI c nh thc. Chng trnh khi ng (thng c vit sn trong EEPROM) s kim sot h thng. Thi lng ny rt ngn nu h thng ngun v phn mm khi ng tt, ngun s c bt -> trn mn hnh xut hin li cho v logo nh sn xut - cng c ngha MS thng bo giai on khi ng hon thnh. y l thng tin cc k quan trng bi thng qua n ngi th c th quan st nhanh mn hnh, n LED... hoch nh phn li cn sa cha. Nu v y l cng vic nhm la th cng on ny ging nh ta bt dim a la vo b ci v b ci bn la. Cn n c duy tr c la hay khng l cu chuyn ca cng on sau. 2- y l im giao thi ca 2 giai on MS i vo lm vic. u tin CPU phi "gi" c phn mm t flash v v khn trng son tho thnh cc lnh iu khin chuyn MS sang giai on lm vic. Cng c ngha ton b giai on ny phn cng t ng xc lp ch cho MS m khng cn s can thip ca con ngi -> trn mn hnh cng thay i trng thi bng cch t ng thay i logo ca nh sn xut sang mn hnh nn ca phn mm HH. mt s my, nu ta tt my trong iu kin khng b pin ra ngoi th khi bt my, MS s b qua giai on khi ng m xc lp ngay mn hnh h thng. 3

Trn mn hnh lm vic c 3 thng tin quan trng m my no cng phi phn nh : 1/ Tn mng MS ang kt ni. Nu mng khng nhp nhy chng t s kt ni ca MS bn vng. 2/ Tnh trng anten - nu anten vn cao (c nhiu ht) chng t cng sut pht v h thng thu pht ca MS tt. Nu c 2 thng tin trn u tt chng t khi cao tn tt, khi trung tn tt,v d nhin c SIM cng tt... 3/ Tnh trng ngun cp - cn c vo vch khc trn hnh cc pin ngi ta a ra nhn nh v ngun... n y, coi nh b ci ca ta chy c... Qua ni dung trn ta c th hnh dung : a MS vo lm vic, qu trnh bt my phi qua 2 giai on: 1/ Khi ng - do phn mm khi ng m nhn, gi vai tr nh thc h thng - mt s my giai on ny khng lp li nu khi tt my ta vn pin trong my. 2/ Duy tr - do phn mm iu hnh t ng m nhn nh s iu khin ca CPU. N k tha cng vic tip theo l kim sot, kt ni, iu tit nng lng chun xc theo thit k hoc khai thc cc tin ch khc... Tm li, cc cng vic trn cng ging nh ta nhm la, trc ht phi bt dim, nu que dim khng b m th n phi bng la cho ta nhm v n cng ch lm nhim v a la vo b ci. Nu b ci kh, b ci s chy v duy tr ngn la. V tt nhin khi b ci chy ln th s c mt ca que dim ch l tha. l bc chuyn tip a MS vo s dng.

Bi-3: Trc khi bt my C iu g din ra bn trong MS?

Bi trc chng ta bit mun a MS vo hot ng, qu trnh bt my phi qua 2 giai on khi ng v duy tr. Nu v y l cng vic nhm la th giai on ny c coi l thi im ta bt dim mi la. Bi ny ta vo su hn xem vic mi la din ra nh th no v phi cn iu kin g ? Ngay sau khi cho pin (BATT) vo my v cha bt cng tc, ngun dng pin (+BATT) c cp ngay cho cc khi cn ngun dng ln nh cng sut cao tn, cng sut m tn... nhng quan trng hn c l n phi c a v cng ca cc chp s cp c tch hp trong IC ngun chnh thc hin cc nhim v sau : 1- To xung RESET (c th bn trong hoc ngoi IC ngun) phc nguyn phn mm khi ng sn sng bc vo gai on bt ngun. 2- a nhn dng mu pin v IC xc, sn sng xc pin chnh khi c ngun DC t b xc ngoi a vo. 3- Thng qua chip iu khin lai trong PA ngun pin chnh phi thay th c ngun Backup Batt, k tha vic cung cp nng lng cho mch dao ng thch anh 32,768 kHz lm mt s cng vic, trong c nhim v to nhp chun cho ng h thi gian. Trng hp pin Backup yu, chip iu khin s ra lnh ni thng ngun t pin chnh xc b sung m bo cho Backup lc no cng dung lng in, sn sng thay th khi pin chnh qu yu hoc c ly ra ngoi. mt s my hin i, tnh trng ca pin Backup l mt thng tin v cng quan trng nn chp iu khin cn phi san thng bo tnh trng Backup a v 4

trung tm x l (CPU) lu lu gi cc d liu cn thit, trc khi thay n. 4- cc mu my c xut x t chu u, pin chnh cn phi cung cp mt ngun xc nh sn sng thay i trng thi cng G khi bt ngun. Tt c cc cng vic ny phi hon tt trc khi bt my - iu c ngha l ngay sau khi lp pin vo th lp tc mt vi b phn ca phn cng phi lm vic - v ngi ta gi y l giai on tin trm. Mt s bn c hi nu c lm vic th phi c dng tnh th hin trn ng h A ? Xin tha y chnh l s k diu ca loi bn dn c gi l MFET. N l mu ngi lm th nhiu nhng n li rt t. R rng giai on tin trm hot ng chun xc, bn thn pin phi c mt dung lng ln uy sai bo cho cc con chp, v iu ny c phn nh thng qua cng BSI m thc cht l mt mch phn dng t ng di s iu khin ca 1 IC so mc c lai trong mi qu pin. iu gii thch ti sao khi pin yu th vic khi ng MS v xc pin thng gp kh khn.

Bi-4: Cng vic nhm la

bi trc ta bit sau khi pin gn vo , mt b phn trong h thng cng phi bt tay ngay vo cng vic tin trm. Nu hon tt coi nh ta rt que dim ra khi hp. Cng vic cn li l xe la v nhm la, trong bi ny ta xt xem phi xe la nh th no. Khi n cng tc ngun, trng thi in trn cng khi ng ngun chnh s dn thay i n bo ha (hoc khng th tng hn na hoc khng th gim hn na) nh 1 in tr hn dng ni tip vi cng tc. - Nu chip khi ng tt (thng do 1 SCR kt hp vi 1 CMOS) th IC ngun s phng cc in p th cp danh nh v h thng cng m trc ht l cc b to dao ng nhp chun, chip x l trung tm, flash... Ngay lc ny nu c c hi quan sat ng h Ampe ta s thy kim ng h nhch ln cht t v hi rung. - Nu h thng ny an ton, phn mm khi ng s ni thng ton b ngun th cp cn li cung p cho h thng. Do tt c linh kin trong my c cp ngun nu quan st trn Ampe k ta thy kim dng t nhin dng cao. y chnh l giai on xe la v cng l kh khn u tin v nu trong h thng c mt vi li th vic xc nh mc li a ra quyt nh cui cng ng ngun hay khng l ty thuc mun ca tng nh thit k. Nhng tu trung li : nu vic cp ngun s gy nguy him cho cc b phn khc th CMOS s hy lnh khi ng. Cn nu h thng c th t sa cha cc li ny sau khi cp ngun hoc trong qu trnh khi ng ngun, th CMOS vn quyt nh pht lnh phn mm khi ng lm vic. l vic ni thng mt xung nhp vo h thng th cp duy tr tm thi ngun,v thng bo giai on khi ng ang lm vic bng cch a logo ca nh sn xut ln mn hnh. Trong giai on hon tt ngun th vic tm phn mm h iu hnh duy tr ngun lin tc l nhim v hng u ca chp khi ng - m cng vic ny nh thit k nh sn cho CPU. k tha nhim v duy tr ngun, CPU phi t thc hin mt lot cc ng tc nh tip nhn dao ng nhp chun khi ng Flash gi phn mm v v son tho thnh cc lnh iu khin trn nn ni dung ca n. y l giai on kh khn nht nh gi nng lc ca h thng khi ng : 1- Nu CMOS khng i ng c tc ca phn mm h iu hnh th s khng c ni dung iu khin ngun v nh vy n s t tt my. 2- Nu tc phn mm vt ngng kim sot ca CMOS, ngun s duy tr trong trng 5

thi "ri t do" khng ai kim sot, kt qu l in p th cp s tng t bin ph v quy c dng in lm ngn mch linh kin, dn n h thng b hng m trc ht l nhng khi c kt cu mnh, chu dng nh nh mn hnh, mn cm ng, CPU...

Bi-5: La lan trong ng ci ra sao?

Bi 4 ta bit : Cng CMOS c nhim v "kch n" chic xe th nht (phn mm khi ng) cung cp in p cho h thng phn cng chun b vo lm vic v ng thi phi "ko n" chic xe th hai (phn mm HH). Nu qu trnh kim sot h thng cng sun s, phn mm khi ng lm vic - ngun th cp c xc lp, logo khi ng hin trn mn hnh. Sau khi c "ko n", chic xe th hai t tng tc ui kp chic xe th nht v t n giai on ng tc k tha ni dung duy tr ngun t chic xe th nht bn giao. Kim sot s ng tc ny l h thng ng b d liu do cc b to xung nhp chun m trch. Ch khi no giai on 2 hon thin th logo phn mm HH mi hin ln mn hnh v y l thng ip ni ln bc chuyn giao th h din ra "thun bum xui gi". Ngay sau khi tip nhn phn mm HH t flash, CPU c nhim v bin tng ca HH thnh cc ngn ng c th iu khin chnh xc chc nng h thng theo m hnh sau : 1- p t m bn phm v ng b gii m khi bn phm m mc ch cui cng l t ln mi cng tc phm mt tn s xung, hoc mt in p xc nh ph hp ni dung ca chnh phm . 2- p t m hin th v ng b gii m khi hin th m mc ch cui cng l nh v cc im nh en trng phi ng ng v tr ca mnh trn mn hnh, phn nh ng ni dung th hin, ng thi phi trng khp hnh nh mu theo mt chun no (VGA chng hn). 3- p t m m thanh v ng b gii m khi m thanh m mc ch cui cng l bin cc chui tn hiu s v hn ti u vo thnh tn hiu m thanh sinh ng nghe c theo mt trt t nh sn. V ngc li. 4- Nhn dng ngn ng IMEI hp php ho v tip nhn hon v ngn ng ny thnh cc lnh thut ton ni thng tuyn m m thanh m trc ht l ni thng d liu SIM. 5- p t m cng ngh hoc GSM hoc DCS hoc PCS v h thng bng tn chun ln IC x l trung tn v da vo ngn ng m ny chp chc nng trong IC trung tn s a ra cc in p iu khin (VC, VC ctrl) tng ng thay i trng thi trong trung tn v ln cao tn. Nh vy thc cht vic gii m trn trung tn l ch a ra cc in p tng thch iu khin PA HF, ANTSW, VCO L... V chnh y l cng vic quan trng hng u quyn nh n cht lng sng v mng. 6- ng b ton b h thng tng ch nh MMC, camera, mn hnh cm ng... nhm a chng v mt chun, trnh "trng nh xui, kn thi ngc". Tt nhin, mi thit b c mt nh dng ring v mt chun ring nm trong ni dung phn mm HH. hon tt mt khi lng ni dung khng l trn ch trong my giy u khi bt my, h thng truyn d liu phi chuyn ng vi mt tc rt cao. Tu theo nh lng v quy chun thi gian m nh sn xut s nh cu hnh cho MS c tc tng ng (hin nay trn a s my i cao, tc ny t xp x tc my tnh th h Pen II). Chnh v vy xung nhp chun phi c nng cao, thng l 26MHz. Nu tt c cng on trn hon thin, n y ta c th thy : Bn trong : - Cc ngun th cp ra trn IC ngun c iu khin ng m chun xc. - Nu cho SIM vo my, VSIM s duy tr. VCctrl trn PAHF lin tc tng gim iu chnh s tng ch ca sng. Cc in p VC thuc GSM (hoc DCS, hoc PCS) xut hin tng 6

thch vi chun ca SIM. - Cc in p trn khi x l m thanh u c sau s gim dn a MS v trng thi ch. Bn ngoi : - Hai mn hnh chnh v ph sng ln, sau t giy nh sng ny t tt, v gi li ni dung hin th. - Giai on thay i logo lin k nhau v khng t on. - Ton b LED bn phm sng sau t tt ng nht cng vi LED mn hnh chuyn sang ch ch. - Trn mn hnh lc ny phi th hin ct sng v n nh, mng chnh xc v vng, pin phi kho. - Thay i ni dung trn menu h thng, my t ra iu khin chnh xc. Nu v mt l do g , tc xung nhp khng p ng c vi tc di chuyn ca d liu s xy ra hin tng "chen ln x y" trn cc cng bus, kt qu l cc d liu s xung t, ng, dn n vic kim sot h thng ca CPU b gin on, thm ch b kt - lc ny chng g tt hn l hon cuc hnh qun, m ng tc c th ca CPU thng lm l ct in ton b h thng. Cn ngi s dng cng thng lm ci vic ng nht l cho n vo bnh vin.

Bi-6: IC ngun v nhim v cc in p th cp

bi 5, ta bit hon thnh 6 bc trong thi im khi ng v duy tr MS, mt yu cu hng u c t ra l khi ngun phi hot ng n nh trn tt c cc tuyn s cp v th cp. Bi ny ta kho st cc tuyn in p ny trn my NOKIA DCT4 8310. T cc dng pin, in p +3.6V c cp trc cho cc tuyn : *Vo N700 trn cc chn 1, 2, 22 v 3 cp cho khi to chun sng mang, tin khuych i cao tn, x l chn cng ngh GSM - DCS v cng sut pht cao tn GSM. - Trn chn 7 cp cho cng sut pht cao tn cng ngh DCS. * Vo V300, V301, V329 thng qua R304 v R307 cp cho khi tng ch rung v LED. *Vo B301 cp cho chung. *Vo V351 cp cho hng ngoi thng qua R350. * Ti D200 , ngun ny c chia thnh 2 tuyn : Tuyn 1 : -Vo cc chn N10 v D10 nhn dng xc qua R200. - Vo L9 cp cho b d sai xc nh dng xc cho pin - Vo F2 cp cho tin khuych i v cng sut m tn gm : chung, rung, LED. Tuyn 2 : to ra cc in p th cp cung ng cho ton h thng, trc khi vo cc cng s cp ca D200, cc dng pin phi i qua qua t hp lc LC : 1- Qua L260-C260 vo P8 to in p th cp 2,8 vn VANA ti N8 cung ng cho tin khuych i m tn. . Nu ngun ny st, cc b phn thuc khi ny ( loa, chung, rung) hot ng chp chn, cng sut ra st km hn - chung, loa ku nh, rung yu. . Nu ngun ny mt ton b khi m tn bao gm chung, rung, loa khng hot ng.Khng c AFC v G660, dao ng nhp chun khng n nh - ko theo sng mng khng n nh , nu nng c th mt sng ,mt mng, hoc c hai. 7

2- Qua L261-C261 vo N9 v N11 to in p th cp 2,8 vn VFLASH1 v 2 ti M18 v P11 cung ng cho cc khi tng ch nh IR, radio, v h tr cho IC xc. Nu mt VFLASH1 th mn hnh, hng ngoi khng hot ng. Nhiu khi dn n vic nh mc xc khng chnh xc ( hoc dng xc qu ln pin thng hay b nng, hoc dng xc qu non lm thi gian xc lu ). Nu mt VFLASH2 th khi radio khng lm vic. Nu yu nghe i b si v r rt. 3- Qua L262-C262 vo N14 to in p th cp 2,8 vn VCORE ti M13 cung ng cho cc IC c chc nng x l h thng phn mm m ch yu l cho khi logic (CPU v Flash). Nu mt VCORE th ton b h thng lnh t lit, c my khng np c phn mm. Nu VCORE yu h thng lm vic khng trung thc, lc c lc khng. M hin tng thng thy l thnh thong my b treo khng r nguyn nhn. 4- Qua L265-C265 vo A1 to in p th cp 1,8 vn VIO ti B1 cung ng cho cc b nh m (tn hiu vo, chun b ra) v h thng iu khin chng. in p VIO thc cht l in p cp ch yu cho RAM (c DDRAM v SDRAM ), nu mt in p ny CPU khng nhn c d liu x l thnh lnh iu khin v nh vy buc phn mm khi ng phi ct ngun. c bit nu VIO yu s lm cho vic np phn mm khng qung, v qu trnh np phn mm thng tht bi. 5- Qua L264-C264 vo P2 v M14 to ra in p : -VR1A trn P14 - 4.75V cp cho IF. -VR1B trn M12 - d phng . -VR2 trn L12 - 2,8 vn cp cho khi ng pha Tx (c GSM v DCS). Nu VR1A mt th cc in p iu khin (VC) t IC trung tn n chuyn mch anten, VCO... khng c : sng v mng theo cng khng c. Biu hin r nt nht l VC iu khin VCO khng c. Nu VR2 mt th in p cp cho khi khuych i ra (Tx) mt -> sng mt .Cc bng tn khng lm vic, vic lin lc b gin on. 6- Qua L263-C263 vo K13-L11 to ra in p : -VR3 trn J12 - 2,8 vn, cung ng cho b dao ng nhp chun (Clock) v chp x l xung ny , trong c vic iu ch thnh tn hiu RFCLCK. -VR6 trn L13 - 2,8 vn cp cho khi x l tn hiu cn trung tn ( IF). VR3 mt, dao ng nhp ch khng lm vic, mt RFCLCK v vi x l, vic khi ng ngun khng kt qu. Biu hin cui cng l khng hin logo khi ng trn mn hnh. Nn lu l trong VR3 cn mt thnh phn in th 2 l xung (AC) kch thch cho s cp thch anh trong G660 hot ng. Nu mt xung ny, c th thch anh vn cho xung ra th cp ra ti H1, nhng chc chn khng t chun, y l mt vn nghim trng v km theo l hng lot cc lnh o c hnh thnh. VR3 cn c a v F2-ICIF cp cho chp iu ch RFCLCK v CPU trn E4. Nu in p VR6 mt, khi x l tn hiu gn trung tn khng hot ng>sng v mng u mt. Nu in p ny yu, sng v mng chp chn. 7- Qua Lo v Co v J14, K11, L14 to in p VR5 - 2,8vn trn J11, VR7 - 2,8 vn trn K12, VR4 - 2,8 vn trn K14. - VR5 cp cho khi chuyn bng v x l bng tn thp (900 MHz) trn chuyn mch anten. Mt in p ny, bng tn 900 Mhz khng hot ng m biu hin nng nht l khng lin kt c mng c bng tn 900 MHz. - VR7 cp cho mch VCOL. Nu VR7 mt, khng c VCO, khng d c mng d bt c hnh thc no. Nu VR7 yu, mng chp chn v thng phi d th cng.Trong thnh phn VR7 cn c xung kch hot cho khi dao ng (OSC) hot ng , tuy nhin xung ny cao hn nhiu so vi xung a vo G660 , v thng c trch xut t chp iu ch RFCLCK . 8

- VR4 cp cho khi x l tn hiu RF-IFRX. Nu mt th ton b tuyn nhn (Rx) b treo, trong c mng. Nu in p ny yu, tn hiu b si, ri rt v b ngt qung bt bnh thng. Nu nng hn cht t th ngay c ch ch cng b nh hng m biu hin thng thy l cc cuc gi n hay b treo v c. 8- Ti chn P3, ngi ta ni thng vi pin BACKUP dn ngun nui b to nhp chun xung ng h thi gian v to dng np x trn C213 lm xung kch hot s cp cho thch anh B200 ti chn P2. Nu ngun ny yu, ng h thi gian chy chm. Nu t C213 kh, theo nhp thi gian trn ng h b lon, nu nng ng h thi gian khng chy. Ph tr cho mch ny l t C212 c tnh cht gip CMOS hot ng n nh ngay c khi pin BACKUP yu. Qua din gii trn, chng ta c th thy : tng thch mi ng vo s cp l nhng ng ra th cp tng ng. Do vy nu c hin tng mt ngun th cp no b yu hoc mt, chng ta ch vic kim tra s thng tuyn t s cp (vo) n th cp (ra) ca tuyn y m khng nh hng n tuyn khc.

Bi-7: B dao ng nhp ch h thng (13 hoc 26MHz) hot ng nh th no?

C th ni vic cho ra hon chnh cc in p trn th cp IC ngun l du hiu hon chnh ca phn mm khi ng v phn mm h thng. Nhng duy tr cho ton b h thng hot ng bnh thng li cn phi ph thuc vo nhiu iu kin rng buc hu c ca phn cng, m ch yu l sc bn ca linh kin .Trong s c mt b phn thit yu m bt c s trc trc no trong vic iu khin chc nng h thng cng u lin quan hoc trc tip, hoc gin tip n n- l cc b dao dng nhp ch (OSC CLCK). i vi dng NOKIA khi ni n dao ng nhp ch l ngi ta ni n b dao ng 13 hoc 26 MHz Tip tc vi loi my 8310 , bi ny chng ta tm hiu xem n lm vic ra sao : Trong giao tip k thut s , xung Clck gi vai tr nh mt ngi nhc trng hng dn cc nhc cng trong dn nhc d liu chi ng nhp phch,tit tu bn nhc cn th hin (chnh l ngn ng iu khin chc nng): m bo lc no nhanh, lc no chm , lc no mnh lc no yu ...dng ni dung th hin ca bn nhc(bn nhc y chnh l ni dung phn mm h iu hnh ). Xung clck c to ra trong my 8310 c bt u t b G660 , nguyn l hot ng ca n nh sau: G660 chnh l 1 mch t hp trong gm 2 khi chnh : Khi dao ng v khi khuych i dao ng . - Khi dao ng c to thnh nh 1 tinh th thch anh , thch anh ny hot ng ngi ta phi tm cch a vo ca s cp ca n 1 xung mi v thng c ci vo ngun DC cung cp cho b khuych i . C 2 cch to xung ny : Hoc l trch xung ca b dao ng nhp thi gian nhn ln cao hoc chia ra thp ty theo nh thit k , hoc c to ra bng mt b dao ng ring ri trn lun vi VR3. - Khi khuych i ch yu gm mt vi tranzito c h s phm cht v tn s ct cao c cung ng nng lng t ngun DC cp cho b dao ng. Nh vy trn b dao ng 13 (hoc 26)MHz ngi ta phi tha mn 2 ngun in : AC (xoay chiu) kch hot thch anh v DC (mt chiu) nui b khuych i .Trong NOKIA 8310 ngun DC ny chnh l VR3 . Ngun DC VR3 cn phi a v chn F2-ICIF cp cho khi iu ch xung CLCK thnh RFCLCK c tch hp trong IC ny.Nu ti F2 khng nhn c VR3 , ti E4 khng c xung RFCLCK v CPU , CPU khng hot ng . 9

Ngun AC c trch xut sau b chia 1/2 xung ng h thi gian 32,768 KHZ c tch hp trong IC ngun v c ci vo VR3 ngay trong IC ny . cho thch anh 32,768 hot ng , trn cng vo ca thch anh ny nh sn xut thng thit k mt b dao ng n gin do mt t in c in dung ph hp vi thit k, gi vai tr np x to thnh xung a vo mi s cp . in dung ca t in quyt nh thi gian np x-cng c ngha quyt nh tn s xung trn s cp ca 32,768. Trong my 8310 t ny chnh l C213 OSCCAP trn chn M4. Nu t ny hng , khng c xung mi cho thch anh B200, tt nhin khng c xung 32,768-> xung mi cho G660 khng c , lm G660 lit . D nhin nh vy s khng c xung RFCLCK a v CPU : Ton b h thng ngng hot ng. R rng khi to c dao ng nhp ch ( hoc 13 , hoc 26 MHz ) chnh l chic t nh xu C213 ny. Nhng trong qu trnh hot ng , khng phi lc no h thng tn hiu cng n nh do cc nguyn nhn nh ngun lc khe , lc yu ; tn hiu b can nhiu , mch in b xm thc ca mi trng... tc ng vo h thng ph ri s hot ng n nh ca thch anh. khc phc tnh trng ny , ti chn 1 G660 ngi ta phi a 1 xung AFC (t ng iu chnh tn s) c ly t khi x l m tn ln h tr. Mun c AFC trc ht khi x l m tn phi hot ng tt , m c th l ICDSP. Qua ni dung trnh by trn ta c th hnh dung : cho b dao ng nhp chun 13 hoc 26 MHz hot ng bn vng , ngoi vic bn thn n phi tt v vic cp ngun cho khi khuych i bin phi chun xc th h thng tn hiu ni cng phi tt . Nhng n li gp nhiu nguy c mt n nh do cc nguyn nhn sau : Dao ng ca thch anh cng khng nm ngoi nguyn l dao ng vt l thng thng no c ngha l bin ca n s tt dn nu xung kch hot khng kp p ng .Chnh v vy xung ny thng l nguyn nhn chnh lm cho thch anh ch hot ng thiu chnh xc , dn n vic iu khin h thng khng chun mc-Trong c vic iu khin h thng ngun. Nu bn k hn s nhn thy mch ny hot ng nh mt bin th mch vng kha (PLL) - Tt c cc tn hiu u b ging buc ln nhau trong mt vng trn khp kn , chng gim st,hiu chnh cho nhau ch thng qua mt vng trn tn hiu - chnh l XUNG DAO NG NHP CH H THNG .

Bi-8: Cc xung nhp trong giao tip h thng

Qua ni dung bi 7 chng ta bit : Trong my NOKIA 8310, mun c dao ng nhp h thng, trc ht ta phi gii quyt cho b dao ng nhp ng h thi gian 32,768 hot ng bng cch cp cho s cp thch anh ny mt xung khi ng thng qua C212 (OSC CAP) . Ch khi no dao ng nhp h thng hot ng th CPU mi son tho thnh cng cc lnh iu khin h thng phn cng a MS vo lm vic, v lc ny mi xut hin AFC v n nh thch anh dao ng nhp h thng.Hnh trnh trn thc cht l mt bin th ca mch vng kha, m bt u chnh l chic t nh C212 trn IC ngun.

Bi-9: VCO v nguyn l ho ng ca n

Chng ta bit Ms l thit b lin lc di ng khng dy k thut s hot ng trong mi trng tn s siu cao. V vy, ngoi cc yu cu thng thng ca mt thit b vin thng, n cn i hi nhiu tiu chun k thut nghim ngt khc, trong c vic phi lun lun duy tr kt ni chnh xc cc bng tn nh trn mi a hnh vi tc cao . Ring vi khi cao tn, l min tip xc ca ng nn vic tm gii php nng cao tc truyn l vic 10

c bit c ch i vi bt c mt nh thit k MS no. Vic dng VCO thc hin vic tinh chnh ng b sng mang l mt l do nh th . Vy VCO l g? VCO l ch vit tt ca t ting Anh: Vol Cotrol OSC tm dch l: iu khin dao ng theo in p. Cu to ca n ph thuc nhiu vo ca cc nh thit k , hoc h dng Varicap, hoc h dng gm p in lm phn t to dao ng ch ng. Nhng c mt nguyn l chung l chng hot ng theo bin th vng kha p ng tn s. Cu to khi ca n c m t nh sau: Phn t dao dng ch ng c chn l varicap, c tnh ca loi linh kin ny l khi ta t mt in p ngc trn 2 u cc ca n, lp tc tip gip ca n s xut hin in dung bng chnh ngun t ln chng. in p ny s x ngay khi c ni thng vi mt ph ti hoc thay i chiu cp in trn cc ca chng.Qu trnh ny lp i lp li nhiu ln vi tc cao, s hnh thnh tn s ca VCO.Nh vy tc np x trong VCO quyt nh tn s ca chnh n, m tc ny ph thuc vo in p iu khin VC .p VC cng cao, in dung cng thp, tc np x cng nhanh-> ng vi to tn s cng cao, p VC cng thp, in dung cng cao, tc np x cng chm-> ng vi tn s cng thp. C iu cc "tn hiu" ny cn phi i qua b phn lc sai v khuych i ln ri mi ni thng vo khi x l tip theo nm trong IF. Cng c mt gii php na cho vic to ra VCO, l to mi lin kt ca Varicap vi gm p in, nhng t c dng hn. Tm li to c mt tn s c kim sot t ng, iu kin tin quyt l phi c mt linh kin c th to ra xung s cp, xung ny s c lc sai v xp t thnh chui tn s p ng vi in p iu khin VC thng qua cc IC thut ton . Mch VCO trong my Nokia 8310 : Trong in thoi di ng Nokia 8310 s dng G650 lm b dao ng VCO, mch in hot ng nh sau: in p VR7 c ly t K12D200, qua in tr hn ch dng R652 v c lc nhiu bi cc t C650,655,656,657 ,c a vo chn 3G650 cp cho khi lc sai v khuych i. Chn 2,4,6,7,8 G650 c ni "mt", trong chn 2,8 cp "mt" cho khi lc sai v khuych i- mt "mt" ti cc chn ny , khi lc sai v khuych i trong VCO khng hot ng, tn s VCO khng ti T650, ton b h thng cao tn b t lit,sng o xut hin. Chn 4,6,7 cp mt cho h thng varicap to xung s cp , mt mt ti cc chn ny tn s VCO khng t chun dn n h thng tuning trong IF khng vi ti cc bng tn cao, hoc s khng ng b c vi cc chun bng tn c chnh xc cao, dn n mng chp chn, thm ch c mng khng ng b c, m thng l mt mt mng no ( thng l mng c chun cht lng cao, a dch v). in p iu khin to tn s VC c ly ra t H2N600 v a v chn 1 ca VCO. in p ny bin thin t 0,6vol n 4,7vol qua in tr hn ch dng R650 , c lc nhiu bng C652,654v c loi tr xung tp tn bng b lc RC .Xut x ca in p VC l t VR64,75vol vo G7N600.Mt in p ny , khng c in p VC, VCO khng to ra tn s , ton b h thng cao tn b t lit. Nu phi tham kho mch VCO cc bn lu rng , ton b mch lc in p trn n u l bin th ca mt lc hnh "pi"- mt kiu lc ti u cho cc thit b tn s siu cao. D nhin can thip su, cng nh ty tin thay i thit k ca n s gy cc h ly trc tip. Tn s VCO trong Nokia 8310 nu thc hin chun s t t 3420 n 3840 MHz c a ra ti chn 5 VCO tip cn b bin p phn pha T650. Cu to ca n d biu din di hnh thc no th cng hoc l cun dy hoc l gm p in mc theo chiu i c th quay pha 90. Sau khi c phn pha thnh cng , pha dng c a vo J5,pha m 11

c a vo J4 N600, cung cp cho cc tng thut ton x l tip. Mc ch cui cng l ly ra c tn s ng b c vi chun sng mang bng tn ghi trn SIM.

Bi-10: Mch TX cao tn v ICPAHF

Nh chng ta bit, khi giao tip cao tn c 2 tuyn : Tuyn pht gi l TX; tuyn nhn gi l RX. Ch khi no c 2 tuyn ny hot ng chnh xc th vic kt ni v duy tr lin lc mi c thc hin. Tt nhin, t c yu cu ny th mt lot cc ging buc khc nh ngun, phn mm, DSP... phi tt. Nhng trc ht ta tm hiu tuyn TX l tuyn c coi l cnh cng m trc a MS tip cn vi th gii bn ngoi . Sau khi lp SIM, phn mm h thng c trch nhim nhn dng cng ngh v tn s sng mang, thng qua CPU a tn hiu ny iu ch thnh tn s chun ( b iu ch ny c th c tch hp trong IF, hoc trong DSP, thm ch n c 1 IC ring r m nhim). Tn s chun sau iu ch chnh l ci phi ca ct sng. C ngha l nu vic iu ch chun ny khng thnh cng, hoc iu ch b li...th cho d tuyn TX c tt my i na trn mn hnh vn khng hin ct sng. Hay ni cch khc, tuyn TX (trong c c IC cng sut cao tn) ging nh lng trng v lng trong qu trng- chng ch l cht dinh dng nui con g, cn con g chnh l ci phi b t n trong lng . n y ta hiu: Sng c hnh thnh l kt qu tng hp ca nhiu yu t, m mm mng ca n bt u c hnh thnh t SIM v thng qua b iu ch chun do phn mm quy c. Cn tt c phn cng trn ng n i qua ch l b phn "nui dy" cho n "ln khe" v "sng" cho ng "chun" ca tng cng ngh . Tuyn TX cao tn v ICPAHF my 8310 : Sau khi iu ch thnh chun v c "ci" vo cao tn, tn hiu TX c phn thnh pha m v pha dng trong IF ri cui cng a ra trn A1-B1 l chun GSM; trn A2-A3 l chun DCS. y chng ta ch cp n chun GSM : Sau khi ra khi IF, tn hiu GSM phi i qua t lc b pha C726 v vt qua b lc ngun cp cho cc mng MOSFET cui (trong IF) c ly t VR2-2,8Vol.T C701,702 cch in mt chiu, bo v Z700. Mt in p ti VR2, tng sa mo v khuych i nng bin trong IF khng lm vic, tn hiu chun mt, dn n mt ct sng . Sau khi c hp pha nh Z700, tn s y (hoc gn y ) hp chun GSM c a vo chn 4 IC PAHF. Nhim v chnh ca IC PA l phi lm cho tin hiu ny khe phng ln ANTEN theo s iu khin ca cc chn lnh pht ra t IF : * Ngun cp cho IC PA c ly trc tip t BATT v vo cc chn chc nng sau: - Vo trc tip chn 3 cp nng lng cho Tranzitor cng sut pht cao tn GSM. - Vo trc tip chn 7 cp nng lng cho Tranzitor cng sut pht cao tn DCS. - Thng qua L705 vo chn 2 cp nng lng cho khi khuych i trc cui cng sut GSM. - Thng qua L708 cp cho khi d sai tn ( nh lng vic m ngun nhiu hay t cho Tranzitor cng sut) , nu ng ngun ny khng n nh, vic cung ng ngun khng chnh xc, Tranzitorcong sut hoc m rt ln pht nhit mnh , lm gim tui th ca IC PA; hoc khng m, Tranzitor cng sut khng c nng lng lm vic,IC PA ngui lnh v km theo l mt sng. - Thng qua L704 cp cho khi tip nhn v x l lnh iu khin chung . Mt ngun ny vic thc hin thng dn tuyn cao tn TX b gin on, m biu hin r nht l mt sng, rt mng. 12

- Lnh iu khin m mc vo chun GSM pht ra t chn A6 IF v c a vo chn 26 IC PA. - Lnh iu khin m mc ra chun GSM pht ra t chn D6IF v c da vo chn 19 IC PA . - Lnh iu khin chn chun GSM hay DCS c thc hin thng qua mc logic t chn B5 IF v c a vo chn 13 IC PA .Nu mt lnh ny th chc nng a cng ngh ca MS coi nh b mt, km theo l mt sng, mt mng. - Gim st v iu khin chun GSM c thc hin thng qua mc p ti A5 a vo chn 17 sau khi c hn dng nh R704. Tt c cc ng lnh ny u b chi phi bi ng hi tch xung bo v IF trn chn 3 L750 thng qua in tr so mu R755,v c chia nh rng bi t hp R754, R751, 752, 756, 757 v C 751, 752, 753, 754, 756 m thnh. Nu ng hi tch xung ny s c th gn nh ta s nhn c cng lc s chp chn ca sng v mng. Cng t chn 3 L750 ngi ta cn a tn hiu ny v chn C7 ICIF nn ( di dng tch tn s ) thnh tn hiu in gim st gip cho cc ng lnh iu khin lun lun n nh . Qua din gii trn cc bn nhn r mt iu l : IC cng sut cao tn ca NOKIA 8310 l mt t hp lai v kn, trong cha ng ring r hai khi x l v khuych i cng sut cao tn GSM v DCS. Vic ch nh cho khi no hot ng l do m c tch hp trong SIM do lnh iu hnh h thng quyt nh thng qua kt qu vic iu ch tn hiu chun. iu khin v gim st IC cng sut cao tn (PAHF) hot ng n nh v chnh xc l cc chp thut ton trong IC IF, nh s tc ng ca vic x l tn hiu bo v .

Bi-11: Nguyn l hot ng tuyn nhn (Rx) my N8310

Trong bi 10 chng ta bit : - Phi sng c thnh hnh t qu trnh x l c liu nh sn trong SIM thng qua ngn ng iu khin ca h thng phn mm IF do CPU gi ln. IC cng sut cao tn (PAHF) ch l c nhi vin tip nhn nui dng ci phi ny lng, cnh ng u vi mi th thch ngoi i theo s ch dn ca IF thng qua cc in p iu khin VC. Nh vy nu c phi m ni nui dng n khng hon thnh nhim v th n s cht non, m mn hnh ch xc nh s hin din ca n khi n thc s trng thnh. Cng c ngha : Nu mi s biu hin bt thng ca ct sng trn mn hnh th chng ta phi cng lc xc nh 2 nguyn nhn : Mt sng l do cha sinh sn c phi hay do qu trnh nui dng ca cng sut. Bi nay chng ta tip tc tm hiu tuyn RX . Nh chng ta bit, sau khi kt ni thnh cng, chuyn mch anten (ANTEN.SW) lun trong ch thng ng tuyn nhn (ENRX) sn sng bo gi. Gim st chc nng ny l cc in p VC c cung ng t IF. i vi cc series s60 tr v trc th b ANT.SW i khi b gii th chng ta bin thnh nhng mi ni vt l m khng gy nh hng ln trn tuyn RX. Bng chng l trn hu ht cc dng ny khi nghi ANT.SW hng h u u tt ng dn mt bng tn no , v nhiu nm vn dng tt. Song cc my cht lng cao th hnh vi ny ng ngha vi vic chng ta th tiu mt mt chc nng quan trng l nh chun tn s tuyn nhn - V sao vy ? Gi l chuyn mch anten thc ra l ta gi tn chng theo hin tng, nu gi ng tn bn cht ca n 13

th phi l B thng tn chun iu khin theo p. Bi vy trn bt c b chuyn mch anten no cng c s hin din cc p DC (i khi lai thm AC) iu khin cc bng tn tu theo quy c. Nguyn l hot ng ca chng nh sau : Sau khi SIM xc lp bng tn v c CPU gi ln IF, cc chp nhn dng trong IF lp tc xut ra in p tng ng iu khin b to tn trong ANTSW ph hp vi sng mang ca bng tn . Theo thit k kinh in th bng tn cng cao in p iu khin cung ng cho b np x trong ANT.SW cng thp v ngc li bng tn cng thp th in p cung ng cho b np x cng cao. Do vy, cng mt ng cp p, nu chng ta lp SIM bng tn 900MHz th p VC ca bng tn ny phi khc (hoc ln hn, hoc nh hn, tu thit k) vi p VC ca bng tn 1800 MHz. Nu vic cp p l ng chun, ANTSW tt, dng phn tch ph ta s nhn c dng sng mang ng chun ngay ti ng ra ca ANTSW. M hnh thit k 1 b ANT.SW : Ht nhn quan trng trong mi b ANT.SW l cc Varicap c tn s ct siu cao, vi c tnh t trit tiu xung k sinh. in dung ca chng thay i tu thuc vo in p phn cc ngc trn chng. to chc nng to xung , ngi ta phi thit k km theo mt ti x in khi b o pha tn s. Do tr ti khng i, in p cp thay i th tc np x ca chng thay i. Li dng tnh cht ny m ngi ta iu khin tn s xung ca chng bng vic thay i in p cp trn K varicap. i khi in p ny cn tham gia nh thin cho mt b khuych i bin tch hp cng vi b to xung. mt s my a bng tn th ngoi cng vic trn , cc in p VC cn thc hin chc nng v hiu ho cc bng tn ri, c ngha l phi lm cm cc bng tn cn li chng khng can nhiu sang nhau, thng qua cc chuyn mch in t c tch hp sn. Vic ny l gii v sao trn cc my a bng tn ngi ta phi cung ng cho mi bng tn mt ngun VC c lp - Khi ngun ny ang tham gia to xung th cc ngun cn li phi tham gia ni mt cc b dn tn hiu bng tn ri bng cch hon i v tr phn cc cc phn t RCV. Phn tch nguyn l hot ng tuyn RX my N8310 : Tn s hn hp (hn tn) c ANTEN cm ng v cho qua b bo v X501 vo chn 12 b cng hng chun anten m ta thng gi l ANT.SW. Nu l cng ngh GSM, t D4 IF s cung ng in p tng thch to tn kt ni, v c nng sa bin nh b phi hp RC. Tn hiu ny vo L502-L503 l bin th ca mch phn tn thng cao c nh dng bi cm khng ngc chiu ca chng. Do phi vt qua nhiu mt lc c tr thun thp nn tn n y rt yu nn ngi ta phi phc hi sc kho cho n bng cch khuych i bin nh V500 qua t C501, t ny ni thng tn hiu v c vai tr cch in 1 chiu bo v cho b khuych i trc v sau. Cp p cho cc C - V500 l in p ra ti D2 ICIF, iu khin V500 l in p VC c cp t B2 trong IF - Mc in p VC ny cn tham gia chc nng v hiu ho V500 khi tuyn RX tham gia cc bng tn cng ngh DCS. Khi thu DCS, in p ti C-V500 gim ng k, VC trn BV500 tng , tn hiu nhiu t B sang C V500 b ni thng xung mt qua tip gip CE V500. Cc in p iu khin ny c c l nh d liu ca SIM t b x l trong CPU gi ln. Sng chun sau T C-V500 c a vo b nh chun phn pha. y thc cht l mt t hp gm p in m pha th cp l hai ming tinh th c nh dng ngc chiu nhau v nh vy bin c tch cc tnh. y l c th nhm nng cao tc truyn dn thng tin k thut s, n na n nh vic phn dy s nh bn chn, bn l trn cc dy ph, gip cho vic xc nh nhanh s nh cn tm. T C505, C506 dn thng tn hiu v ngn dng mt chiu t IF xm thc vo Z501, L501 l cun dy b cc tnh, khi pha dng tng, phn tha s ni thng b vo pha m ang m hn v ngc li . Nu ton b cc phn t trn tuyn RX tt, cc in p iu khin chun xc, sng mang GSM cha ng ni dung thng tin s vo ICIFN600 trn C9,B9 x l thnh ng chun 14

ca SIM - m thc cht l chia nh ( n ) ln sng mang c tn s trung bnh (trung tn) chun a xung DSP x l tip. Bi sau chng ti phn tch tuyn RX trn my N7610. S mch RX my Nokia 8310:

Bi-12: Tng qut khi RF v v s lc tuyn RX my Nokia 7610

Xuyn sut cc bi v khi cao tn, chng ta c nhng khi nim v tuyn TX v tuyn RX nh sau : Ni n tuyn TX, chng ta thng ch ch n cng sut (ICPAHF) cng nh h thng lc sau IF, c ngha chng ta ch quan tm n mi trng sng ca bng tn m thng b qua mi trng to ra hnh hi ca n tc l phi sng - l vic IF phi x l chnh xc cc lnh iu khin trn ton tuyn RF do CPU gi ln thng qua DATA v CLCK ca SIM. Cng xin ni r rng vic to phi trong IF v vic tng sc mnh cho n trong IC PAHF ch l mt na ni dung cng vic ca tuyn TX. Nu ch dng y v v l do g thng tin t BTS khng th ti hoc ti nhng khng vo c con ng ny (do vic x l nh dng cng ngh sai, do h thng iu khin trn ICPAHF v ANT.SW khng ng chun...) th vn cha c ct sng V nguyn liu lm nn ct sng l cc tn hiu bng mi trng s t SS gi n BTS v c BTS x l chuyn i thnh mi trng sng in t mang n cho chng ta trn h thng RF ca MS. H thng ny cng ng chun, cng vn xa th tn hiu ca BTS chy vo cng nhiu, nguyn liu cp cho thp sng cng di do-ct sng trn mn hnh cng cao v nh sng hin trn mn hnh cng cng. Tt nhin nhiu khi con ng ny cng lt nguyn liu rm chy vo, l sng o. Sng o l do tn hiu ni b phn x hoc t ngoi lt vo cng hng vi tuyn RF trong MS, m nguyn nhn chnh gy ln do vic che chn chng nhiu ca cc b pht nhn trn tuyn giao tip b h mt. Vic ny thng xy ra vi my SAMSUNG khi ta tho v, hoc phn kim loi chng nhiu c phun ph trn v b dn nt khng tip xc vi mt main, lm v hiu ho tnh nng chng can nhiu ca n. Tt nhin t hin tng ny chng ta c thm mt thng tin qu gi chn on bnh tuyn RF, l chng vn sn sng lm vic, cn c nhn c mng hay khng li l chuyn h thng c nng lc cung p cho n nguyn liu ng chun hay khng. n lc ny vic kho st cc in pVC trn ANT.SW v VCO l ht sc cn thit. 15

Xin lu cc bn l cc in p VC1, VC2, VC3 trn ANT.SW ch xut hin ti bng tn RX1900GSM, cng c ngha khi thu 900GSM th c trn 3 ng VC ny u khng c in p 2,58 Vpp. xc nh chnh xc cc tn hiu iu khin ny, chng ti thng xy dng cho n mt bng logic thng gi l bng chn thc v cn c vo mc c v khng nh gi chnh xc IF v phn mm c lm vic hay khng. Ni n RX, chng ta thng ch ch n ANTEN.SW v qu lm th quan tm n b lc th, lc tinh v thng b qua vic kho st VCO, mt cng vic quan trng hng u nh gi cht lng tinh chnh ng b mng sng mang ra v sng mamg vo. V vy sau mi n lc sa cha khng thnh, chng ta phi kim tra k tt c cc mi quan h trc tip cng nh gin tip ca linh kin ny vi mch in. C th ng bao tn tuyn pht n p ng tt, nhng tuyn nhn th li ti (ng bao ny trn TX thng nh hn RX). mt s dng ca MOTORONA, LG, SAMSUNG... i khi ngi ta tch phn to v x l VCO trong 1 IC ring c lp vi ICIF v c cp 1 tuyn d liu iu khin ring, v t b chi phi bi phn mm h thng, nhiu my iu khin RX c thit k mc nh. V vy, nu chng ta cha nh ga ng v nng lc lm vic ca cc b phn th ng m vi thay ngay linh kin ch ng l IF th tht ng tic. Tuy din gii phn cao tn th di dng nhng chung quy li khi tip cn sa cha khi ny chng ta ch cn quan tm : 1. Nu khng c sng ta kho st tuyn lnh di dng in p iu khin m ngun v tng ch trn ICPAHF do IF cung cp c tng thch vi cng ngh v bng tn ca SIM khng. Nu c v chnh xc th li lc ny nn hng vo cht lng ICPA, cht lng mch dn v ngun cp. 2. Nu khng c mng m c sng phi xc inh l sng o hay sng thc bng cch b SIM ra ngoi .Nu sng thc, ta kim tra cc in p VC trn ANTEN.SW, nu ng chun vi bng chn thc trn s , ta kim tra VC tuning trn VCO theo bng quy c (cng km theo s ). in p ny c ly t ngun VR1A -4,75 Vol DC vo K2 ICIF v c chp x l trong IF iu khin tng gim trong ch d mng, v ch c nh mc p DC ny khi c sng mang ph hp vi tng bng tn. Ngun VR7 vo VCO c cu thnh t 2 phn in khc nhau l DC (~ 2,8 Vol) nui cho b khuch i v AC (xp x hoc ln hn 1,8 Vpp, c xut x t b dao ng nhp ch) mi b dao ng gm p in hot ng trc. V y l mch vng kho nn phi c tn s so mu thng c x l ly t dao ng nhp ch vo b vng kha, nu so mu khng chun vic tuning s lun lun b vi, ng ngha vi vic khng tm bng tn . Tuyn RX GSM 850MHz v 900MHz my 7610 (do s qu kh, cc bn tham kho bng s ca mnh) : Tn s hn hp (hn tn) c anten thu vo b chuyn mch anten (ANT.SW) qua b bo v (c tch hp chung) v c lc cng hng bng h thng VRC. Sau khi nh dng bng tn xong chng c lc th loi b xung nhiu t bin, lc tinh nh dng gn chun tn s bng tn quy c, qua t cch in v ra khi ANT.SW n b nh pha Z803 qua b lc cm khng i bin bng L804-L805 gi cn bng tn hiu. Cui cng vo b trn chia trong IF ti C11-D11 . thng tuyn ny, ti VC1, VC2, VC3 trn ANT.SW phi c 0Vol Vpp. Trn tuyn ny tn hiu thu vo ch c lc bt i, tr khng thun cc b lc thng li thp, ch s cch in trn main suy gim nn tn hiu c ch sau lc rt yu. Do vy nhim v ca cc tng cng hng trong IF mang tnh sng cn vi ton b tuyn tn hiu ny. Ch mt sai lch nh khi IF cng dn n mt RX, nht l ngun cp v h thng t lc song cng.. Nu c nghi ng hng RX ta c th kim tra nh sau : Bn tc ng vt l vo MIC ng thi o nhanh VC3 trn ANT.SW, nu xut hin 2,8 Vpp th chng t ICIF vn cn lm vic. chc chn , ta o p VC trn G500, nu ti y c in p bin i t O,8 dn 3,8Vol xut hin mi khi ta dch chuyn v tr main th chc chn 16

IF cn tt, khi LOGIC tt - mi hng hc nm ngoi IF. Ngc li, ICIF c s c, kim tra ti J10 IF (u R514) ti y p Vpp phi bin i mi khi ta thay i chc nng RX-TX, nu khng, ta kho st CPU c b bong pin Y8 dn n J10 khng. Nhiu khi ni xong, cn phi np li phn mm mi ht bnh. c im thng c p dng thnh cng l: - Nu mt sng nhng c pht x th lm RX trc-Tt nht khi th pht x nn b cng sut ra. Nu c pht x ta c lp dn AN.SWZ803;Z802(1800Mhz) pht hin thay th. Cui cng bn b C523 l h thng lc song cng .Nu tt c lm m khng kt qu, ta kh v lm li chn IF. - Nu khng c pht x th lm TX trc. Mi vic nn bt u t PAHF. M trc tin l ngun cp v lnh iu tit mc pht(PACtron) ln IC. - Tt c cc cng vic trn ch tin hnh khi chc chn ngun cp cho IF u , k c ngun VCO.

Bi-13: Tng kt v xung nhp trong h thng mobile.

Chng ta bit xung nhp (Clock) trong h thng k thut s ni chung v trong Mobile ni ring gi vai tr gn ging nh Nhc trng ch huy dn nhc. H thng phn mm v phn cng phi c ni dung v tc lm vic ph hp vi chun ton b h thng xung nhp ny. Nu xung nhp b chm th khng th vn chuyn kp v d liu lm h thng b treo hoc t lit; nu nhanh s lm h thng d liu b dn , gy kt ng; nu qu nhanh n cn lm cho chnh d liu va qut vo nhau lm sc h thng, thm ch cn lm cho phn cng st m t t theo. Do vy bt lun ra sao, khi thit k phn mm nht thit phi tnh n nng lc h thng phn cng m tiu ch u tin nh sn xut phi quan tm l tc ca xung nhp h thng cng. My cng nhiu tin ch, dung lng b nh cng ln th ni dung phn mm iu khin cng di, phi c tc vn chuyn nhanh, do i hi tn s xung nhp phi cao. Nh vy mun c 1 ci my in thoi di ng tt, khng nhng phi cn mt h thng cng tt, mt h thng mm tt m cn phi cn mt h thng xung nhp tt v ng u ng chun. Ngoi ra, do c th vn hnh ca h thng cng trong Mobile l ng ng tuyn tuyn ch no cng c s hin din ca xung nhp ( thm ch c trong cc tuyn ngun DC ) duy tr hoc kch hot h thng iu khin nn ph xung nhp rt rng t vi KHz n hng trm MHZ c chia thnh nhiu tuyn vi nhiu cung bc khc nhau rt rc ri, lm ngi th lng tng khi xc nh xut x ca chng. Vy c th n ra sao? to ra tn s xung nhp ch cho h thng, nh sn xut thng thit k theo phng thc bc thang. C ngha l trc ht phi to ra mt b dao dng to xung c c ch hot ng tin cy v ly tn s ny mi tip cho b dao ng nhp ch lm vic.Cn vic chia thnh nhiu cung bc khc nhau p ng cc tuyn d liu v m iu khin h thng ngi ta phi p dng bin php nhn hoc chia tn chun bng h thng mch in t khc, thng gi nm na l b phn tn. M hnh thng thy l:

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Cn c thng s phn cng nh thit k s hoch nh ni dung phn mm cn tc ti a bao nhiu a ra xung nhp ph hp vi chnh khi lng d liu chy an ton trn cu hnh nhm mc ch trnh xung t. Nu ta nng cp phn mm ( suy cho cng l nng xung nhp, cng na n nh vic p xung (OverClock) ca dn tin) lm qu kh nng gii thot d liu ca cu hnh th t nht cng lm sc d liu, nng hn th ph hng h thng cng m nguyn nhn l do ngun gy nn (ngun ra ln hay nh ph thuc xung m cao hay thp). Phn b h thng xung nhp trn NOKIA 7610 nh sau:

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Cn c vo cc tuyn xung trn, ta c th thy mun Mobile hot ng ta phi tha mn 2 thnh phn nng lng l nng lng ngun c tnh bng vn v nng lng xung c tnh bng tn s, v n c khi to t cc b dao ng nhp, ch yu l t dao ng nhp ch. Ch cn c s c trn 1 trong 2 b phn ny cng u dn n h thng cng hot ng trc trc hoc khng hot ng. y l mt ti phc tp v di, hn cc bn trong mt dp khc.

Bi-14: Ngun my Nokia 7610

Trong my 7610, X131 l BATT, in p dng ca BATT chia lm 4 tuyn chnh phc v cho vic cp ngun ton my. Chng ti ln lt gii thiu mch ca n trong lot bi phn tch mch ngun. bi ny chng ta cp n vic cp ngun ca IC ngun chnh, cng xin lu cc bn l do s qua rng rt kh c chng ti khng th a ln, m y li l phn mch rc ri, mong cc bn tham kho bng s ca mnh d hiu- y l tnh hung bt kh thi, mong cc bn thng cm: Sau khi lp pin v bt cng tc ngun, (+) BATT c a vo IC ngun chnh D250 bng 2 tuyn v chng ti v gi nh IC ngun D250 thnh 2 ngn A v B cc bn tin theo di : Sau khi lp pin v bt cng tc ngun, (+) BATT c a vo IC ngun chnh D250 bng 2 tuyn v chng ti v gi nh IC ngun D250 thnh 2 ngn A v B cc bn tin theo di : Tuyn th nht vo thng D250 trn cc chn: .Vo U11-D250 n p cho ra VFLASH1-2,8 VDC ti V11 cung cp ngun cho Bluetooth ti K6D191, v lm in p tham kho bt tt b giao tip ngoi nh R134. Nu in p ny mt, Bluetooth khng hot ng, vic iu khin bt tt loa mch trong khi cm loa mch ngoi gp kh khn. .Vo T11-D250 n p cho ra VANA-2,8 VDC ti T10 v vng v cp vo 4 chn ca D250 nh sau: . Vo chn B17-D250 cung cp cho knh gii m tn hiu vo(RX) trong DSP. Mt in p ny khng nhn c cuc gi, mng chp chn, thm ch mt hn mng do khng c tn hiu hi tip bo v IF. ..Vo chn E18-D250 cung cp cho knh m ha tn hiu ra (TX) trong DSP. Mt in p ny khng gi i c. Sng b mt do khng trn c tn hiu iu khin v phn knh pht. Cng ti nhnh ny ngi ta cn a v chp x l tn hiu MIC cung ng in p ra ti chn N3 cho MIC trong my; ra ti N1 cung ng cho MIC ngoi my. Vo chn P2-D250 cung cp cho tng khuch i trn m cht trong DSP. Mt in p ny khng gi i c, mc d i khi sng vn c. . Vo chn H1-D250 cung cp cho tng khuch i trc cui m tn, kt hp vi cng sut m tn c cp p trc tip t BATT vo chn E2-E3 a m thanh ln ra loa, chung. Mt in p ny, ton b loa, chung khng hot ng. .Vo T14-D250n p cho ra VAUX2-2,8 VDC ti U14 cp h tr cho tuyn giao tip ngoi ti chn 4-X132. .Vo T18-D250n p cho ra VCORE-1,5 VDC ti T17 a vo chn 7-X420 cp cho CAMERA .Vo C1- D250n p cho ra VIO-1,8 VDC ti D3, v chia thnh mt tuyn ni v 2 tuyn n: 19

.Tuyn ni c a v khi LOGIC bao gm CHIPSET; ngn iu m liu trong D370 v cc linh kin c quan h trc tip vi D370 nh FLASH, DDRAM, LCD, USB, KEYBOARDnu tuyn ny b mt hin tng u tin l khng duy tr c ngun v nhiu s c km theo. .Tuyn n th nht nm trong D250 vo chp ngun VSIM to thnh in p nui SIM ra ti chn C2 v chu 1-X310 .Tuyn n th hai c vo A13-D250 cung cp cho cc chp iu khin mc nh v phn mm s cp, m s cp trong EEROM tch hp chung trong D250 trong c ngn iu m IMEI, tch m bo mt c nhn ... Nu mt ngun tuyn ny, phn mm mi khi ng trong EEROM khng c kch hotkhng bt c my. Tuyn th hai vo chn 4 v ra ti chn 1 b hn dng Z130 do N130 trc tip iu khin bng c ch iu rng xung nh tn hiu t CPU a vo cc chn A3-D3-B2. Nu N130 b hng, ngun ch c th tn ti n ht giai on bt mi cho d bn ni tt Z130. Ti chn 1-Z130 tuyn ny c chia ra 3 ng vo D250: 1- Qua L220 lc nhiu v chia thnh 2 ng : - ng 1vo chn U16 cp v b nhn p to thnh 4,75 vn cung cp ngun VR1A cho b x l vng kha (PLL ) c VC tinh chnh VCO ra ti J2-N500. Nu mt in p ny, khng c VC, VCO khng hot ng dn n mt sng mt mng. - ng 2 vo R16 n thnh VR2-2,8 vn ra ti R18 v c chia thnh 2 tuyn : . Tuyn 1 vo chn C2-N500 cung cp cho khi trn ng b sng mang ra trc khi x l thnh tn s trung bnh. Nu mt in p ny, my b mt sng. .. Tuyn 2 : - Qua L500; L501 vo F1-E1 cung ng cho khi x l b sa mo quay pha tn hiu pht GSM-TX; - Qua L502;L503 vo B1-A1 cung ng cho khi x l b sa mo quay pha tn hiu pht PCS-TX. Nu mt in p ny xut hin sng o. 1- Qua L221 lc nhiu v chia thnh 2 ng: - ng 1 vo M18-D250 n thnh VR5-2,8 vn ra ti M16 a ln IF-N500 chia thnh 2 ng vo 2 khi chc nng : .Mt vo K7- cung cp cho khi phn tn thp h tr b d bng trong ch d mng. Nu mt in p ny, khng d c mng, m trc ht l nhng mng c bng tn 850900MHz; .Mt vo H6 cung cp cho khi chnh tinh iu tit VC ln cng sut cao tn (PAHF) p ng nhanh cng sut pht, loi tr hin tng lng sng mi khi cn kt ni mt (Cel) mi. Hoc chuyn vng BTS. Nu mt in p ny sng tt thp v chp chn ngay c khi trong vng c mt sng c. - ng 2 vo R17-D250 to thnh in p VR6-2,8VDC ra ti chn P18 cung ng vo K11N500 cho cc chp cng tc bttt cc tn hiu vora (RX-TX) thng tuyn tn hiu thoi trong N500. Nu mt in p ny, sng mng vn c nhng khng th kt ni thoi c. Qua L222 lc nhiu c chia thnh 3 ng: - ng 1 vo M17-D250 n thnh VR3-2,8 vn ra ti L8 li c chia thnh 3 ng v cp v: - Mt ng qua R516 cung ng cho b khuch i bin v x l AFC trong G501, gip 26 MHz cho ra tn s n nh v khe. Nu mt in p ny,G501 khng hot ng- hin tng u tin v trc nht l khng duy tr ngun ton my. - Mt ng vo chn G1-VDIG cung cp cho khi x l nng tn v chia tn. c bit l khi x l nng bin t 1,8 Vpp a v CPU ti chn H1. Mt in p ny cng tng t nh mt p cp cho G501. - Mt ng vo chn 5-D191 x l xung CLK ph hp vi tc d liu vo Bluetooth. Mt 20

ngun ny Bluetooth khng hot ng. - ng 2 vo N16-D250 n thnh VR4 ra ti N17 a vo N500 bng 3 ng: 1- Chn D10 cung cp ngun cho b trn sau cao tn v b sa sai ng b trc IF1 x l thnh tn s quy c trc khi a v DSP. 2- Chn L9 cung cp ngun cho b x l h tn thnh IF2 a v DSP. 3- Chn A7 cp cho b khuch i cui khuch i tn hiu IF2 ln trc khi a tn hiu v DSP. Nu 1 trong 3 ngun trn b mt, mng mt theo. - ng 3 vo P17 n thnh VR7-2,8 vn ra ti N18 qua R500 cung cp ngun cho mch khuch i tng bin, b x l i pha VC cho VCO-G500 hot ng ng chun. Nu mt in p ny, VCO khng hot ng, mt c sng v mng. Trn hu ht cc tuyn ngun th cp ngi ta phi ci xung iu ch s tng-gim, bt-tt cng iu tit. Bi vy nu ch o DC, cng c ngha chng ta ch tham kho c mt na thng s ca n. Nu h thng ngun t trong ch mc nh th: Xung ci vo tuyn 1 c xut x t b dao ng nhp c s 32,768 Khz. Xung ci vo tuyn 2 c xut x t b dao ng nhp ch h thng 26 MHz. V trong tt c cc quan h c ch, CPU u phi d liu ng v c 2 ni dung ny th ngun mi tc dng, h thng mi hot ng. Bn tham kho hnh v m t ton b tuyn ngun chnh my NOKIA7610:

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Bi-15: Cc tuyn ngun th ng trong my NOKIA 7610

Bi trc chng ta kho st tuyn ngun trong IC D250. Bi ny chng ta kho st tip 2 tuyn cn li l tuyn 3 v 4 v chng u c bt u ngay t cc dng ( + ) BATT. C th nh sau: Tuyn th Ba cp ch v cc tng cng sut ln nh : 1-V b lc nhiu L700-C500-C501 cp cho cng sut pht N700- Ngun ny c th tiu hao ti gn 1W nu my vng sng yu v lun ph thuc mc iu tit vo chn 22 v mc m ti chn 2 do IF cung cp -Nu mt ngun ny my khng c sng. 2-V chn F2E3-D250 cung cp cho cm m tn bao gm : -Vo F2 cho cng sut m bo gi n cui cng cho tn hiu ra chung v trch xut in p ra cng sut rung nu khai thc ch rung. -Vo E3 cho khuch i trc cui m tn tuyn thoi cui cng c m thanh ra N607. Nu mt ngun chn no, chc nng tng thch mt theo. Nu ngun ny b st, mch in tng ng b d, nu d nng dng cp b tng, CPU hiu theo ngha ang c s c h thng v s ra lnh ct ngun. Ngun ny ch bt khi : Giai on khi ng ngun xong, vo chc nng khai thc c s dng m thanh k c m bn phm, my ang trong m dng bt m v c cuc gi n hoc bt gi i, kim tra chc nng m thanh, chung 3- V chn 1 N607 cp cho cng sut ra loa. Mt ngun ny loa khng ni. 4-V X602-X603 cp cho b rung. Ngun ny ch tiu hao khi: C tn hiu gi n; vo chc nng kim rung Khi ti K-V601 in p ra ln hn 1,35 VDC t chn T3-D250 cp v c bi xung nh V600. 5-V A2-N130 cp cho b x l iu rng xung nh d liu gim st t CPU vo cc chn A3-D3-B3 p ng dng ngun cp ph hp cho my-Xung nhp ti y b kim sot bng 2 giai on : Giai on lm vic c tn s xung nhp cao xut x t dao ng nhp ch 26 MHz v do phn mm h thng qun l; giai on ch c tn s dao ng nhp thp xut x t b dao ng nhp c s 32,768 v c iu khin mc nh khi: . Bt ngun thnh cng; . C cuc gi n; . Tc ng bn phm thay i hoc khai thc 1 chc nng no , k c chc nng bo thc, nht k ; . Khi cm xc v b xc hot ng tt 6-Cui cng l vo chn V14-D250 cung ng cho b d sai xc nh nh mc thc dng sc ty theo mc bo v vo chn T1-D250. ng ngun ny ch hu dng khi mc BSI vo chn A2 cn t nht ~1VDC Tuyn th T cp vo cc IC ngun th ng. ng nhin h thng ngun ny t di s iu hnh thng qua cc BUS iu khin a vo A12-B12-C12-D250 v cc BUS khai thc tin ch vo cc chn A14-B15-C14 do CPU a vo. C th nh sau: 1- Qua L400 lc nhiu, vo chn 1-D400 cung cp cho dao ng to ngun 14,5VDC LED mn hnh. Ngun ny ch c khi khi ng xong; tc ng vo phm chc nng, c cuc gi n, v ni dung ci t nh bo thc , hn gi, lch l vicKhi ti cc B-V401 c in p ra >2,5Vn t T2-D250 cp. 2-V N233 n ra 2,5 vn cung cp cho khi chn bt trong TFT mn hnh, xung iu khin mc bt xut x t nhp h thng trong D370 v ra ti chn R13. Nu ngun ny mt, khng c hnh nh trn mn hnh. 3-Vo chn 1-N400 to in p cp cho LED bn phm, lnh bt thng IC ny ra ti P1322

D250- iu kin lm vic cng ging nh bt LED mn hnh. Nu mt in p ny n LED bn phm khng sng. 4-Qua tecmito Z230 : A-Vo B3-N230 n thnh 1.35vn ti C1cp cho cc b dn thng (ging nh cc cng tc) iu hp tn hiu trong DSP. Nu mt in p ny, h thng chuyn mch tn hiu RX-TX gia DSP v IF khng hot ng, khng kt ni c mc d vn c sng v mng. B-Vo A3-N230 n thnh 2,5vn, ra ti A1 cp v li 2-D370: a- Vo C21, AA9 cp cho b nh cha ni dung cc lnh tc v t phn mm li nn chuyn giao sang. b- Vo A2-R4 cp cho cc chp nh chuyn thng d liu t ngn d liu ln. c- Vo E21-J21-K20 cp cho cc chp x l lnh ging nh cc CPU n knh. d- Vo AA13-AA19-U21 cp cho khi LOGIC bt tt vic dn thng tn hiu TX-RX trong DSP. e- Vo N21 cp cho chp ng b xung nhp hot ng theo c ch mch vng kha. f- Vo Y2-AA2 cung cp cho b nh ng (DDRAM) iu tit d liu ph hp cu hnh h thng . Trn cc ng ngun ny ngi ta u nh s th t tin cho vic kho st hng hc. L230 l cun cm bo v duy tr cc chuyn mch trong N230. Lnh bt thng N230 ra ti chn A4-D250 vo chn D2-N230. Trong ch ch, lnh ny bt tt theo quy c sn sng tip nhn cuc gi n. Xung nhp iu tit ra ti chn A6-D250 vo chn D1-N230 c tc dng iu tit ngun ty theo tc v ca h thng ang lm vic g, khi vo hay ra. Trong ch ch, xung nhp ny c bt tt theo quy c tip nhn cuc gi n. 5- Vo A1-N310 n thnh 1,8 vn ra ti chn B1 cp ngun cho th nh. Mt ngun ny, th nh khng hot ng. c im chung tuyn ngun ny trong my NOKIA chnh hng l: - Tuyn mc nh lun c duy tr ngay sau khi bt ngun thnh cng vi mc cp khng i. Trong ch ch, n c kim sot bng nhp thp do CPU iu tit t xung nhp c s cho ph hp vi cc chc nng thi gian biu. Trong ch lm vic, n c kim sot bng xung nhp cao, do CPU iu tit t b dao ng nhp ch v c ng b theo quy c ni dung phn mm h thng cho ph hp vi vic chng st p - IC ngun th ng ch cp ngun ra khi v ch khi d liu ca SIM c son tho thnh cng v ty thuc tc v khai thc. C ngha y l tuyn ngun khng thng xuyn, lun bt tt theo quy c nh sn v bi vy km theo mi n nguyn ngun bao gi cng c t nht 1 ng lnh kim sot. V mi s c ca n u lin quan mt thit vi phn mm h thng. Ni chung, h thng ngun trong TD c qun l cng lc trn nhiu n nguyn thut ton mm , hnh thc th hin trn s khng theo th t nn vic m t chi tit c ch ngun no c trc, ngun no c sau rt d gy nhm ln, nht l vi cc bn mi lm ngh, bi vy ngi th thng phi dng th thut kim tra, v y cng l mt vic khng th thc hin c trn mng, mc d chng ti th nghim nhiu ln- mong cc bn thong cam.

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Bi-16: Cc thut ng thng dng trong s MOBILE

Bi ny chng ti cung cp mt s t vit tt thng gp trn s Mobile v thng dch mt s t hay dng trong chuyn ngnh sa cha in thoi ng bao gm c 2 lnh vc phn cng v phn mm . Do bi vit rt di ( 12 trang) nn di phn ni dung Hnh Linh ch trch mt phn ngn ca bi ny. Mun xem y cc bn phi download file *pdf xem trn my tnh. ICHG- Indicator Charge : Ch th tnh trng mc xc. IHF- In High Frequency: B d liu vo lin quan ti cao tn. IF-Intermediate Frequency: Tn s trung bnh ( trung tn ). I_FBUS: Tn hiu vo t tuyn F( tuyn c tc cao). I_MBUS: Tn hiu vo t tuyn M( tuyn c bt u t mt b nh no ). IMEI- International Mobile station Equipment Identity: Th ng k m s nhn dng thu 24

bao di ng ton cu. Nu thit b no c gn m s ny v d nhin l m ca n ph hp vi b ng k thit b, gi l EIR (Equipment Indentity Register), th n s c nhn dng l thit b lin lc di ng. Vi cc dng NOKIA, nu s IMEI c lu trong FLASH th bn c th thay i c t t nht 1 ln. Vi cc dng my DCT4, IMEI c UEM ghi s thng qua file c nh dng ui *.RPL ghi li khi thay IC ngun mi. V ngi ta gi y l ng b UEM-Flash. IMEI c 15 ch s hp thnh, v d: AA BBBB CC DDDDDD-E, trong : AA: L m xc nh t chc cp php s IMEI.V d t chc PTCRB ca M hoc BABT ca Anh chng hn. BBBB: L m xc nh chng loi my. V d nh 8210, 7610, N91 CC: L m s xc nh lnh th lp rp giai on hon thin ca my. V d: 80;81 l Trung Quc ( China), 19,40,41,44 l Anh quc (England);07;08;20 l c( Germany), 06 l Php( France) ,10;70;91 l Phn Lan (Findland), 30 l Hn quc( Korea) DDDDDD: S th t ca my. E: L s d phng, c tnh bng mt thut ton ring kim tra s IM c hp l hay khng. M hnh cu trc :

TAC- Type Approval Code: M gim st bi trung tm kim sot thit b quc t. FAC- Final Assembly Code: M cht cho dng my c gim st. SNR- Serial Number: S th t ca my. SP - Spare: D phng . I_MMCIF: Tn hiu vo t mt th nh (k c SIM) lin quan n trung tn. IMSI- International Mobile Subscriber Identity: L chui s quy c nhn dng thit b di ng, m quan trng nht l chui s bo an v m di ng quc gia. Ton b ni dung ny c ghi trong SIM.

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MCC- Mobile Countity Code: M quy c quc t cp cho mng di ng quc gia gm 3 s , v d Vit Nam l 452. MNC-Mobile Network Code: M mng di ng dnh cho 1 quc gia , v d Vit Nam l 09x. MSIN- Mobile Subscriber Identification Number: S thu bao di ng, v d : 1234568. NMSI- National Mobile Subscriber Identification: S in thoi y ca mi quc gia c to thnh t MNC v MSIN gp li, v d :09x 1234568. INT: ng ny dn vo khi chnh. Interleave: Lng cho, xen cho, an cho. J- Jac: im ni, ch ni. Jumper: Cu ni. u ni. KCB-LEDADJ: Chnh mc sng ti n bn phm. Key: Phm n. Keybroad: Bn phm. LCD-LEDADJ: Chnh mc sng ti cho mn hnh. LCD-LEDCNT: iu khin bt tt nh sng mn hnh.

Bi-17: Tuyn TX Trong my NKIA 7610

Trong bi ny chng ti ch cung cp lc v cc thng tin ng dn, bi 18 chng ti s phn tch nguyn l hot ng.

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Do hn ch din tch trang vit nn chng ta ch kho st tn hiuh GSM. Tn hiu sau trn c lng t thnh 4 ng t DSP vo N500 trn chn L4-K5-L5-K5 x l hp pha. Ti y leenhj iu khin TXC-0,9V t b chn thng s cui trong DSP vo J10-N500 chn bt Tx v ct RX, trong c c vic iu khin cp ngun TX v ct ngun RX. in p iu khin ny c cp t C1-N230 (Khng c m t trn hnh v). Nh vy, nu mch in ti chn C1-N230 t, dn n mt TXc my mt sng. c c GSM, tn hiu phi qua b iu ch GSM thc cht l mt b cng hng chn trc vi tn s chun dao ng ni VCO cung cp, cng thc trn c quyt nh l nh tn hiu do CPU a vo cc chn G4-F2-G2 thng qua mc iu khin TXp ~1V vo K10. Tn hiu sau iu ch ra ti A2-A3 vo b lc hp pha to tin iu ch sng vo Chip cng sut PA-N700. Sng RADIO c hnh thnh chun ngay sau khi ra khi b lc cng bc R717 (l b lc hnh Pi) vo b tin khuch i cao tn trong PA ti chn 1-N700, c iu khin mc m ti chn 2 nh kt qu so snh to chun ca b iu ch GSM trong N500 v cht lng cc b lc chun ngoi. Tn hiu tip tc vo Chip cng sut trong N700 nng cng sut mnh pht ra ngoi thng qua ANT.SW. Lc ny in p VC3 trn ANT.SW chuyn mc 1,8Vpp cung ng xung cho b cng hng ni thng "sng" pht ra ngoi nh Angten.

Bi-18: Gii thch tn hiu pht TX-RF.IF my Nokia 7610

Tn hiu Tx ln IF-RF bao gm 2 loi: Tn hiu iu khin v tn hiu ni dung: Tn hiu iu khin bao gm m bo an c nhn, m mng (vng, lnh th), m iu ch knh v bng tn, m t l mc, m iu khin bt tt cc chc nng Trong 3 chc nng u l do SS qun l, cc chc nng cn li do MS iu hp thi hnh bng ni dung phn mm h thng ca MS. Tt c tn hiu ny u phi qua ca iu ch RF trong IC trung tn. Tn hiu ni dung c hnh thnh t khi bn phm v khi m tn. Khi bn phm thc hin theo c ch s v c iu hp trn tch trong CPU. Khi m tn c thc hin theo c ch tun t v c iu hp trn tch trong DSP. D l tn hiu g th chng u c kim sot v qun l bi phn mm h thng v mt vi lnh mc nh c thit k ring v chu s iu khin ca CPU. hiu iu khin: Sau khi iu ch thnh cng d liu SIM, CPU tip nhn x l thnh h thng lnh bt thng, hu ht chc nng cn li ca my, trong c vic bt v a h thng iu ch tuyn TX cao tn v trung tn vo lm vic. Mun vy, CPU phi iu khin bt thng ngun cho tuyn RF-IF, tip l cung ng v bt VCO hot ng bng s kim sot ca PLL(b vng kho) th hin trn in p iu khin VC ra ti chn J2-N500. Tt c cc lnh ny c hnh thnh nh s phi hp nhp nhng ca cc tuyn xung do CPU va DSP cung cp:-Giao tip t U1-U2-V2 D370 v D250 iu tit ngun m cui cng l a c xung TxC ra khi D250.-Giao tip t Y6-Y7-AA7 v N500 l iu ch tn hiu tng hp chung c RX v TX, m cui cng l bt thng c tn hiu TXP ra khi D370 ln IF xc nh ch iu ch tn hiu RF. Mun vy nht thit RX phi chuyn ti thnh cng tn hiu iu khin t SS v CPU thng qua b tch m trong DSP. iu ny l gii v sao tuyn RX hng dn n mt sng theo.-iu khin ng m ngun cho cc Chip x l tn hiu l xung TxC-217 Khz t D250 vo J10-N500 qua R516 v c lc chun bng C528.-Bt Chip iu hp d liu cho CPU cung cp xung TxP-1,8Vpp217Khz vo K10-N500. Trong xung 217Khz c xut x t b dao ng nhip 32,768.Sau khi tip nhn cc d liu trn, IC IF s t ng vn hnh ng quy c: Chuyn mch Anten lun thng tuyn RX sn sng tip nhn cuc gi n, v t ng chuyn v Tx nu MS c s dch chuyn v tr trc , hoc cng sng kp thi iu tit i ng, m bo nt: kt ni bn vng nht ngun cp ph hp v tit kim nht. Nu c cuc gi n, 27

BTS pht tn hiu iu khin CPU bt thng bo ln cc khi hin thnh(chung) - hin th (mn hnh) bo c cuc gi n. Nu cng vic ny hon tt, b bo tip nhn s pht cc tn hiu ny cn phi bo cho trung tm SS bit tnh trng hot ng ca my: Nu my nhn tt, hoc ang bn, n s t ng lu ni dung tin nhn li ti b nh trung tm ch iu kin cho php n s chuyn n. Nu ng kt ni, IC IF s ln lt ni thng tn hiu vo - ra thng qua xung iu khin nh tn hiu m thoi ca 2 my: Nu tn hiu vo xut hin th h thng s ng thng ngun v ton b cc Chip lin quan n vic x l tn hiu RX v v hiu ho ton b tuyn TX; nu tn hiu ra xut hin th h thng s ng thng ngun v ton b cc Chip lin quan n vic x l tn hiu TX v v hiu ho ton b ngun cng nh cc Chip thuc tuyn RX. Nh vy trong ch lm vic, CPU lm nhim v nh mt iu phi vin l ng m cc Chip ngun thch ng cho tng tuyn, v "dn dt" tn hiu i ng tuyn v iu khin cc Chip ny x l lc sao cho ng chun. Cng vic ny ch chm dt khi my i vo ch ch. H thng tn hiu iu khin lm vic tu thuc vo ch ca my. Tn hiu ni dung: Tn hiu ni dung bao gm c li thoi, ni dung vn bn (text), ni dung hnh nh (picture)... Bi ny ta ch cn cp n tn hiu thoi ca GSM-900MHz. Ti ICIF: Tn hiu hn hp sau trn

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