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 The nervous system coordinates all

body functions, enabling a person to


adapt to changes in internal and
external environment
 The nervous system is composed
mainly of the nerve cells (neurons)
and supporting cells (neuroglia).
 This is the basic conducting cell
of the nervous system
 Highly specialized but cannot
reproduce itself
 Main parts are the :
 cell body (soma),
 the fibers: axon and dendrites.
The axon is a long
process with myelin
sheath.
This conducts
impulses away
from the cell body.
•The dendrites are
short, thick, diffuse
branching
processes that
receive impulses
and conduct them
towards the cell
body.
MYELIN SHEATH - It is
lipid protein complex
covering axons .
FUNCTION :
- It increases velocity of
impulse conduction.

SYNAPSE - This is the


region where
communication occurs
between 2 neurons or
between a neuron and a
target cell
 These are the supporting cells
 They supply nutrients to the
neurons and help maintain the
electrical potential
 They also form part of the
blood-brain barrier
 Support
 Insulation
 Nutrition

Types:
 CNS - Oligodendroglia, Astrocytes,
Ependymal
Cells, Microglia
 PNS - Satellite Cells, Neurolemma
(Schwann Cells)
 Oligodendrocytes produce
myelin sheath in the CNS
 Schwann cells produce
myelin sheath in the
peripheral NS.
1. Myelinated Nerve Fibers
- continuous series of Schwann Cells

2. Unmyelinated Nerve Fibers


- enclosed as a group by
neurolemmal sheath
- seen in cutaneous nerve
1. CRANIAL NERVES (12 Pairs)

I - Olfactory VII - Facial


II - Optic VIII - VestibuloCochlear
III - Oculomotor IX - Glossopharyngeal
IV - Trochlear X - Vagus
V - Trigeminal XI - Spinal Accessory
VI - Abducens XII - Hypoglossal
a. General Somatic Afferent Division (Sensory)

b. General Somatic Efferent Division (Motor)

** found both in CNS & PNS


** innervates all parts of the body (motor &
sensory)
EXCEPT visceral organs
smooth muscles
glands
2.a. General Visceral Afferent
Division (Sensory)

- provides info on body’s internal


environment

- transmits visceral pain (hunger,


spasms, ischemia, distension & chemical
irritations.
innervates smooth muscles, cardiac
muscle & glands

- regulates visceral functions

- uses both Norepinephrine &


Acetylcholine. as neurotransmitters.
 Sensory fibres
terminate in the
periphery as bare
unmyelinated
endings or in the
form of specialised
capsulated
structures called
receptors.
 It is the junction where the axon or some
other portion of one cell terminates on
the dendrites or some other portion of
another cell.
 Neuron which sends messages is called
PRESYNAPTIC NEURON.
 Neuron which receive messages is called
the POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON.
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