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Increasing Allowable UAV Gross Weight and Expanding Operating Conditions via SolutionCell Pressure Adaptive Honeycomb
by
unclassified Copyright R.M. and C.M. Barrett 2013 all rights reserved
Ron Barrett
The University of Kansas, Lawrence Aerospace Engineering Department and
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distribution unlimited
R. Barrett
Outline
1. Introduction & Motivation 2. Biological Models for Advanced Adaptive Actuators 3. PAH Materials Development 4. PAH Wing Applications 5. Operational Envelope, Allowable Weight & Performance Implications 6. LO Implications
1.Introduction Models 4.Wing 5. Performance 6. LO Unclassified 2.Bio. distribution unlimited 3. Materials R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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Cruise: T/O & Landing: Supercritical/NLF Airfoil Section High Camber & t/c Wing Area, Camber & t/c Reduction Blunt Leading Edge Increased Sweep Angle Low Wing Sweep 1.Introduction Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5.Automotive Unclassified 2.Nat. distribution unlimited R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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1.Introduction Models 4.Wing 5. Performance 6. LO Unclassified 2.Bio. distribution unlimited 3. Materials R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
Adaptive Aerostructures Laboratory College of Biological Sciences Successful Applications of Biomimicking Adaptive Materials In the Aerospace Industry:
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1.Introduction Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5.Automotive Unclassified 2.Nat. distribution unlimited R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
Adaptive Aerostructures Laboratory College of Biological Sciences Successful Applications of Biomimicking Adaptive Materials In the Aerospace Industry:
Disappearing UAVs
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1.Introduction Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5.Automotive Unclassified 2.Nat. distribution unlimited R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
Section Morphing
Gould et al. 1981
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M i s s iA on dapt i W ve i ng
www.geocities.com 2008
University of Florida
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Air Muscles
McMurtry 2004
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What Would an Aircraft Designer want if s/he could design an adaptive material???
An "Ideal" Adaptive Aeromaterial/Aerostructure:
Material capable of "huge" (>50+%?) strains Fully proportional, easily controlled Stiff & strong enough to handle "real" loads Lighter than conventional aircraft actuation systems
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Solution? ...Biomimetics
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"You should pay attention to what Mother Nature has done because she's got a 4.2 billion year lead in research and development.
-Prof. H.W. Smith, PE, Ph.D.
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1.Introduction Models 4.Wing 5. Performance 6. LO Unclassified 2.Bio. distribution unlimited 3. Materials R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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Solution: Adaptive Aerostructures Laboratory College of Biological Sciences Actuators Made from 100% FAA-Certifiable materials, but arranged like fast-acting plant cells
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1.Introduction Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5.Automotive Video Credit: 2.Nat. & C.M. Barrett Unclassified distribution unlimited R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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Albizia julibrissin
1.Introduction Models 4.Wing 5. Performance 6. LO Unclassified 2.Bio. distribution unlimited 3. Materials R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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Pulvinus
1.Introduction Models 4.Wing 5. Performance 6. LO Unclassified 2.Bio. distribution unlimited 3. Materials R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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Ground Cells
Phloem
Xylem
1.Introduction Models 4.Wing 5. Performance 6. LO Unclassified 2.Bio. distribution unlimited 3. Materials R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
Solution: Adaptive Aerostructures Laboratory College of Biological Sciences Actuators Made from 100% FAA-Certifiable Materials, but arranged like fast-acting plant cells
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1.Introduction Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5.Automotive Video Credit: 2.Nat. & C.M. Barrett Unclassified distribution unlimited R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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Solution: Adaptive Aerostructures Laboratory College of Biological Sciences FAA-Certifiable Actuators based on Plant Cell Structures
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1.Introduction Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5.Automotive Unclassified 2.Nat. distribution unlimited R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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1.Introduction Models 4.Wing 5. Performance 6. LO Unclassified 2.Bio. distribution unlimited 3. Materials R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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unclassified Copyright R.M. and C.M. Barrett 2013 all rights reserved
Standard
Auxetic
Hybrid
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@ constant mass:
with
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p = 55kPa
p = 60kPa
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180mm
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FEM Modeling:
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The University of Minnesota A New Approach to Flight Control... Adaptive Aerostructures Laboratory College of Biological Sciences Based on Nature: The University of Kansas
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1.Introduction Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5.Automotive Unclassified 2.Nat. distribution unlimited R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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Distributed airloads
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1.Introduction Models 4.Wing 5. Performance 6. LO Unclassified 2.Bio. distribution unlimited 3. Materials R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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unclassified Copyright R.M. and C.M. Barrett 2013 all rights reserved
Control surface loads stayed distributed Distributed control surface loads passed thru distributed actuators Distributed loads transferred to primary strucure
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2013 all rights reserved and C.M. al. 2007 Copyright R.M. Murray et Barrett
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0kPa CDP
40kPa CDP
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10psi
0 psi
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a(t)
q(t)
a(t)
q(t)
CL a CL=(a)
CL a CL=(a, df)
CL a CL=(q, a, df)
CL a CL(t)=(q(t),a(t), Ew)
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"Practical" Minimum Aggregate slope due to Aircraft CLa, CL(q) Lift Characteristics
Lc
Lc
L
Lc
a(t)
Lc
a(t)
Lc
a(t)
Lc
q(t)
q(t)
q(t)
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L(t) = 2000l b
L(t) = 0
a(t) = 2
a(t) = 2
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do
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PAH Wings: Enhancing Ride Quality, Fatigue Properties & Flight Safety via Active Aerocompliance
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+1 0 VS1 VA VC VD
-1
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+1 0 VS1 VA VC VD
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+1 0 VS1 VA VC VD
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LO Decrement
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PAH door actuators and locking Mechanisms can be made from RAM cellular structure, dropping open door RCS
1.Introduction Models 4.Wing 5. Performance 6. LO Unclassified 2.Bio. distribution unlimited 3. Materials R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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Rectangular Vane
Triangular Plow Scoop Shielded Plow Simple Plow
Dome
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
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2. Crossflow Upper Surface Retrofit Fully Active, Semiactive or Passive RCS & Drag Reduction 3. Cmde Upper and Lower Surface Retrofit Fully Active, Semi-Active or Passive for RCS & Drag Reduction 1.Introduction Models 4.Wing 5. Performance 6. LO Unclassified 2.Bio. distribution unlimited 3. Materials R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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LO VG's:
boattail & interference drag cleanup
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Acknowledgements
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1.Introduction Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5. Impact Unclassified 2.Nat. distribution unlimited R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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Questions?
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Korean Air:
KRW11.807 trillion 2011 in operating expenses Retrofit Impacts: ~ +KRW200B (Net loss in 2011: KRW98B)
New Equipment Impacts: +KRW850B DOC savings + +KRW220B Airframe Life Extension + +KRW660B increased cargo carriage revenue ~ KRW1.7 trillion
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1.Introduction Actuators 3.Art.Muscles 4.Aerospace 5. Impact Unclassified 2.Nat. distribution unlimited R. Barrett All Rights Reserved rev. 28 February 2010
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III. Honeycomb used for crash energy absorption easily satisfies FAR 25.562
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