BI TP CC CNG C

QTCL
Thc s Nguyn Hng Ngc

NI DUNG
-

Biu xng c (Cause and Effect diagram)

Biu Pareto
Biu phn tn (Scatter diagram)
Biu phn b (Histogram)
Biu kim sot (Control chart)
Cc loi th
-

th ct
th ng thng
th hnh trn
th hnh thanh
th radar

- Phiu kim tra (Checksheet)

NI DUNG
-

S Gantt
S Pert
Biu mi tn (Arrow diagram)
Biu Laswell
Biu tng quan (Affinity diagram)
Biu phn tch cn nguyn (Root cause analysis)
Biu cy (Tree diagram)
Biu ma trn (Matrix)
Biu PDPC

BI TP BIU XNG C
V biu xng c nu ln nhng nguyn nhn c th tc ng
ln thi gian hng my ca my vi tnh.
VT LIU

MY MC

in chp chn

H phn cng

Thiu b lu in

H phn mm

CON
NGI

Ci t sai
Thiu ph tng

PHNG
PHP

Khng c o to

Khng bo tr

Khng cn thn

MY VI
TNH H

m cao
n mn
Nhit cao

MI
TRNG

BI TP BIU PARETO
V biu Pareto cn c vo d liu cc phn nn ca
khch hng trong 3 thng u nm 2010 ti mt khch
sn.
S TT

PHN NN V

S LNG

Ting n sau 11:30

97

Khng nc nng

54

Khn tm qu nh hoc qu mng

32

n khng sng

350

Cht lng TV km

83

Ni tht c

15

T lnh qu nh

127

Nhiu gin

962

Sp xp t ln n nh theo s lng phn nn. Tnh %

phn nn v % cng dn
S
TT

Phn nn v

S
lng

% phn nn

% cng dn

Nhiu gin

962

55.93

55.93

n khng sng

350

20.35

76.28

T lnh qu nh

127

7.38

83.66

Ting n sau 11:30

97

5.64

89.30

Cht lng TV km

83

4.83

94.13

Khng nc nng

54

3.14

97.27

Khn tm qu nh v mng

32

1.86

99.13

Ni tht c k

15

0.87

100.00

1720

100.00

Tng cng

V biu

BI TP BIU PHN TN (Scatter diagram)

Mt hun luyn vin bng chuyn n mun tm s tng quan
gia cn nng v chiu cao ca VV qua bng d liu di
y. Anh ch hy gip v HLV ny lp biu phn tn.
S TT

Chiu cao (cm)

Cn nng (Kg)

S
TT

Chiu cao (cm)

Cn nng (Kg)

172

60

16

175

58

180

63

17

162

53

162

54

18

169

56

178

65

19

178

60

158

52

20

184

66

180

64

21

165

55

183

65

22

170

58

179

66

23

182

63

166

50

24

173

61

10

176

56

25

169

59

11

181

66

26

168

61

12

162

50

27

176

56

13

155

50

28

166

58

14

180

64

29

171

59

15

177

64

30

174

60

V biu

Chi

Scatter diagram
190
185
180
175
170
165
160
155
150

y = 1.3579x + 92.157
Tng quan chiu cao v cn
nng ca VV
Linear (Tng quan chiu cao
v cn nng ca VV)

45

50

55

60
Cn nng (Kg)

65

70

75

BI TP BIU PHN B (HISTOGRAM)

Mt lp hc QS gm 49 HS t chc thi nm lu n. GV thu thp d
liu bng cch o khong cch nm c (m) ca tng hc vin. Hy
gip GV v biu phn b theo cc d liu sau:
52

51

48

48

40

47

52

50

46

45

43

43

42

33

57

45

38

47

46

31

41

45

49

43

42

47

50

37

36

54

31

37

42

38

50

46

40

58

39

54

44

38

46

52

39

40

53

44

42

- Chia s nhm d liu: Cn bc 2 ca 49=7 (nhm).

- Chiu rng ca mi nhm=(58-31)/7=3.86 lm trn l 4
N1(31-34)

N2 (35-38)

N3 (39-42)

N4 (43-46)

N5 (47-50)

N6 (51-54)

N7(55-58)

10

12

Tn sut
14

12
10
9

10

Tn sut

6
4

3
2

1(
31
-3
4)
N
2
(3
538
)
N
3
(3
942
)
N
4
(4
346
)
N
5
(4
750
)
N
6
(5
154
)
N
7(
(5
55
8)

T
n xut xa

12

Cc nhm

BI TP BIU KIM SOT

Phng xt nghim y khoa A dng cng mt
mu chun chy my xt nghim ng
huyt trong 20 ln cho kt qu nh sau:
Anh ch hy gip phng xt nghim y khoa A
lp biu kim sot v phn tch tnh trng
hot ng ca my xt nghim ng huyt.

Ln
chy

Glucose
(mg/dl)

102

104

101

90

98

100

95

105

99

10

96

11

103

12

90

13

102

14

96

15

99

16

101

17

99

18

86

19

103

20

98

Tnh cc gi tr trung
bnh, lch chun.
T nh cc gii
hn trn v di
Gi tr TB=98.35
lch chun SD
(Standard
deviation)=5.02
Gii hn trn= TB+2
SD= 108.39
Gii hn di=TB-2
SD=88.31
Lp bng nh hnh
bn

Ln
chy

Glucose (mg/dl)

Gii hn
trn

Gii hn
di

Trung bnh

102

108.39

88.31

98.35

104

108.39

88.31

98.35

101

108.39

88.31

98.35

90

108.39

88.31

98.35

98

108.39

88.31

98.35

100

108.39

88.31

98.35

95

108.39

88.31

98.35

105

108.39

88.31

98.35

99

108.39

88.31

98.35

10

96

108.39

88.31

98.35

11

103

108.39

88.31

98.35

12

90

108.39

88.31

98.35

13

102

108.39

88.31

98.35

14

96

108.39

88.31

98.35

15

99

108.39

88.31

98.35

16

101

108.39

88.31

98.35

17

99

108.39

88.31

98.35

18

86

108.39

88.31

98.35

19

103

108.39

88.31

98.35

20

98

108.39

88.31

98.35

Biu kim tra m y ng huyt

110

N
ng glucose (mg/dl)

105
100

Glucose (mg/dl)
Gii hn trn

95

Gii hn di
Trung bnh

90
85

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

80

Ln chy m y

 TH CT
Bi tp
Bng di y l ngn sch cho mt s d n ca
cng ty X trong 6 thng u nm (triu VN). Hy
v th ct.
Sa
nh
xng
256

Tuyn Ti cu SX th Cng
dng
trc
SP mi
c
nv
HTQLC
L
50
78
185
32

V th ct

Ngn sch
300
250
200
Ngn sch

150
100
50
0
Sa nh
xng

Tuyn dng Ti cu trc

nv

SX th SP
mi

Cng c
HTQLCL

 TH NG THNG
Bi tp
Trnh by th ng thng doanh s 6
thng u nm ca cng ty B theo bng
sau (Triu VND)
Thng
1
1,246

Thng
2
897

Thng
3
1,414

Thng
4
1,082

Thng
5
1,125

Thng
6
1,626
17

V th ng thng

Doanh s (Triu VND)

2,000
1,500
Doanh s (Triu VND)

1,000
500
0
Thng Thng Thng Thng Thng Thng
1
2
3
4
5
6

 TH HNH TRN
Bi tp
Hy v th hnh trn biu din t l
gia cc hng mc sau so vi tng
ngn sch (Triu VND)
Sa nh Tuyn
xng dng nv
256

50

Ti cu
trc
78

SX th Cng c
SP mi HTQLC
L
185
32

19

V th hnh trn

32
Sa nh xng
185

256

Tuyn dng nv
Ti cu trc
SX th SP mi
Cng c HTQLCL

78

50

 TH HNH THANH
Bi tp
im chun vo cc trng H X, Y, Z v
im thi tng ng ca ca th sinh A
Trng

H X

H Y

H Z

im chun

18

21

15

im thi

12

22

19

Anh ch hy v th hnh thanh

21

V th hnh thanh

im thi v im chun

H Z
im thi

H Y
Tr

im chun

H X
0

10
S im

15

20

25

 TH RADAR
Bi tp
Cc anh ch so snh ngn sch o to ca 2
cng ty M v N trong nm 2010 (Triu VN)
Kinh
Nhn s doanh
Cng ty
M
Cng ty
N

Sn
xut

Marketing HTQLCL

210

284

320

360

156

80

153

224

295

98

23

V th radar
Nhn s
400
300
200
HTQLCL

100

Kinh doanh
Cng ty M

Marketing

Cng ty N

Sn xut

PHIU KIM TRA

Bi tp
Cc anh ch hy lp phiu kim tra tn
sut nhn vin i lm tr trong tun v cc
l do: H xe, kt xe, a n con.

25

PHIU KIM TRA

Tn sut nhn vin i lm tr trong tun
NGY
L DO
TH HAI

TH BA

TH T

TH
NM

TH
SU

TNG
CNG

H xe

IIII

II

IIII

IIII II

20

a n
con

II

II

II

II

II

10

Kt xe

IIII

II

IIII II

IIII

19

Tng
cng

12

10

13

49

Bi tp biu mi tn
Cng ty X mun qung b mt loi du gi u
mi. Cc cng vic phi lm v thi gian d kin
l:
Nghin cu cng thc: 30 ngy
Qung co sn phm: 30-45 ngy
Mua nguyn vt liu: 30 ngy
Sn xut th: 10 ngy
Kim nghim: 5 ngy
Chuyn giao SP cho b phn Marketing: 3 ngy
B phn Marketing tip nhn SP: 3 ngy
Qung b, tng sn phm: 30 ngy.
Cc anh ch hy gip cng ty X v biu mi
tn, tnh ton thi hn ca ton d n, con ng
nghim ngt v thi gian d tr cng vic.

Lp bng phn hng

M cng
vic

Cng vic

Thi gian Cng vic Phn hng

(ngy)
trc

Ngin cu cng thc

30

Qung co sn phm

30-45

Mua nguyn vt liu

30

Sn xut th

10

Kim nghim

Chuyn giao SP cho

Marketing

Marketing tip nhn SP

Qung b, tng SP

30

F-G

Bc
Thi gian sn
cng vic
xut (gi)
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
Y8
Y9
Y10

2
4
3
11
5
4
6
3
4
5

Trnh t tin hnh

Bt u
Bt u
Bt u
Sau khi Y3 hon thnh
Sau khi Y1 hon thnh
Sau khi Y1 hon thnh
Sau khi Y1 hon thnh
Sau khi Y2, Y5 hon thnh
Sau khi Y7, Y8 hon thnh
Sau khi Y6 hon thnh

Xy dng biu
Bc
Thi gian sn
cng vic
xut (gi)
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
Y8
Y9
Y10

2
4
3
11
5
4
6
3
4
5

Trnh t tin hnh

Bt u
Bt u
Bt u
Sau khi Y3 hon thnh
Sau khi Y1 hon thnh
Sau khi Y1 hon thnh
Sau khi Y1 hon thnh
Sau khi Y2, Y5 hon thnh
Sau khi Y7, Y8 hon thnh
Sau khi Y6 hon thnh

Bi tp biu Laswell
ng dng biu Laswell xc nh
nguyn nhn nhim sng Th Vi.

BIU LASWELL

M t vn

Dng cu hi

Ci g?

Vn l g? nh hng ti ci g? Sn
phm khng ph hp l g?...

Ai?

Ai b nh hng bi s nhim sng Th

Vi? Ai pht hin vn ny?...

u?

nhim khu vc no? nhim bt

ngun t u?...

Lc no?

nhim xut hin lc no? Vo thi im

no?...

Nh th no?

Tc ng ca s nhim nh th no?
Cc du hiu? Lm sao tm ra?...

Bao nhiu?

Thit hi bao nhiu tin? Trong bao lu?

Ti sao?

Ti sao nht thit phi gii quyt vn

nhim sng Th Vi?

Bi tp biu tng quan

Cc anh ch chia thnh cc nhm 5-6 ngi. Mi nhm c

mt nhm trng. Nhm trng khng tham gia tng m
ch lm cc vic sau:
- Bo m nhm lm ng theo hng dn.
- Gi im lng.
- Theo di thi gian.
- Thu thp giy v dn ln tng.
- Ghi li kt qu cho c nhm.
Nhm 1: Ti sao cn b Nh Nc ngh vic nhiu?
Nhm 2: Ti sao t l ly d tng cao?
Nhm 3: Ti sao SV tt nghip t v qu c lm vic?
Nhm 4: Ti sao TNL hay xy ra trong xy dng?
Thi gian lm bi 20 pht-Mi nhm c 5 pht trnh by
vn .

Ti sao sinh vin tt nghip t

v qu c lm vic

iu kin pht
trin thp

Ti chnh

Pht trin

Hon cnh

Thu nhp
thp

Kh hc
thm

i sng
thp

Kh lm
thm

iu kin
lm vic t

Thiu tin
nghi

B rng
buc kinh t

Chm thng
tin

Bun chn

Bi tp biu phn tch cn nguyn

(Root cause analysis)
S
kin

Ti sao
(1)

ng
ph
ngp
rc

-Khng
S
qut dn?
-Qut dn
khng

xu?

Ti sao(2)

Ti sao
(3)

-Thiu
nhn lc?

-Thiu
kinh ph?

- rc
ba bi?

-Thiu
thc?

Ti sao
(4)

-t
nc cn
ngho?
-Gio dc
thc
km?
-Qun l
km?
-Ch ti
km?

Ti sao (5)
t nc
ngho, li
qun l km
v thiu
gio dc
thc v sinh
mi trng
cng nh
thiu cc
bin php
ch ti.

Bi tp biu cy (Tree diagram)

V biu hnh cy cho thy chi tit ti
sao mt nhn vin hi lng vi cng vic.

Lng cao
Thu nhp
cao

Tin thng
cao
c o
to

Nhn vin
Hi lng

Pht trin
bn thn

c thng
tin
ng nghip
thn i

Mi trng
Thn thin

Lnh o
cng bng

Bi tp biu ma trn (matrix)

Dng biu ma trn xem xt tnh kh thi
vic o to QTCL vi cc gii php: o to ni
b, gi i hc, mi chuyn gia.

Thi
gian

Chi ph

nh
hng
cng
vic

K
thut
o to

Hiu
qu

S
phn
i

Tng
cng

GP 1
o to
ni b

GP 2
Gi i
hc

GP3
Mi
chuyn
gia

TC
GP

Mc : t 3 (t kh thi nht) ti 0 (d thc hin nht)

Bi tp PDPC
Cc anh ch s dng PDPC nhn
din cc nguy c v gii php cho k
hoch vn chuyn xng du t Dung
Qut v TP HCM.

Chi ph cao
Xe bn

Vn chuyn
xng du

Oil tanker

D kt xe

B k
hoch

Ma bo

Bin php
an ton

Th tc
cng rm
r

Ci tin th
tc