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Concept of Health and Wellness
Health
Definition:
State of being well and using every power the individual possesses
"Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-beingand not merely the absence of disease" (WHO)
"Health is not a condition, it is an adjustment. It is not a state, but aprocess. The process adapts the individual not only to our physical,but also our social, environments" (President’s Commission)
most individuals define health as the following:
being free of symptoms of disease and pain as much aspossible
being able to be active and able to do what they want or must do
being in good spirits most of the time
Wellness
an active process by which an individual progresses towardsmaximum potential possible, regardless of current state of health
Components of Wellness
1.
physical, e.g.:
a.
ability to carry out daily tasks
b.
achieve fitness
c.
maintain nutrition and proper body fat
d.
avoid abusing drugs, alcohol, or using tobacco products
e.
generally to practice positive life-style habits
2.
social, e.g.:
a.
ability to interact successfully with people and within theenvironment of which each person is a part
b.
develop and maintain intimacy with significant others
 
c.
develop respect and tolerance for those with different opinionsand beliefs
3.
emotional, e.g.:
a.
ability to manage stress and express emotions appropriately
b.
ability to recognize, accept, and express feelings
c.
ability to accept one’s limitations
4.
intellectual, e.g.:
a.
ability to learn and use information effectively for personal,family, and career development
b.
striving for continued growth and learning to deal with newchallenges effectively
5.
spiritual, e.g.:
a.
belief in some force (nature, science, religion, or a "higher power") that serves to unite human beings and providemeaning and purpose to life
b.
includes a person’s morals, values, and ethics6.occupationala.ability to achieve a balance between work and leisure timeb.beliefs about education, employment and home influencepersonal satisfaction and relationships with others7.environmentala.ability to promote health measures that promote the standard of living and quality of life in the communityi.influences include:1.food2.water 3.air 
 
EnvironmentHostAgent
Models of health and illness
1.
Smith’s models of health and illness
clinical model
•
narrowest interpretation; medically-oriented model
o
health is seen as freedom from disease
o
illness is seen as the presence of disease
role performance model
•
ability to perform work, that is fulfill societal roles, essentialto the model; assumption of the model is that a person’smost important role is their work role
o
health is seen as the ability to fulfill societal roles
o
illness is seen as the inability to fulfill societal roles
adaptive model
•
ability to adapt to the environment and interact with it tomaximum advantage essential to the model
o
health is seen as adaptation
o
illness is seen as a failure of adaptation, or maladaptation
eudaemonistic model
•
most comprehensive, holistic, view of health; ability tobecome self-actualized essential to the model
o
health is actualization or realization of one’s potential
o
illness is seen as the failure to actualize or realizeone’s potential
2.
Leavell and Clark’s ecologic model (agent-host-environment model)
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