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Mushrooms, Elves and Magic[Image]"Drugs are part of the human experience, and we have got to create a moresophisticated way of dealing with them..."with Terence K. McKennaTerence McKenna is one of the leading authorities on the ontologicaIfoundations of shamanism and the ethno-pharmacology of spiritualtransformation. After graduating from UC Berkeley with a major in Ecology,Resource Conservation and Shamanism, he traveled through the Asian and NewWorld Tropics and became specialized in the shamanism and ethno-medicine ofthe Amazon Basin. What he learned in these explorations is documented in TheInvisible Landscape, which he wrote with his brother Dennis.Born in 1946, Terence is the father of two children, a girl of eleven and aboy of fourteen. He is the founder of Botanical Dimensions-a tax-exempt,nonprofit research botanical garden based in Hawaii. This project is devotedto collecting and propagating plants of ethno-pharmacological interest andpreserving the shamanic lore which accompanies their use.Living in California, Terence divides his time between writing and lecturingand he has developed a software program called Timewave Zero. His hypnoticmulti-syllabic drawl is captured on the audio-tape adventure series TrueHallucinations--soon to be published in book form--which tells of hisadventures in far-flung lands in various exotic states of consciousness.Terence is also the author of Food of the Gods, which is a unique study ofthe impact of psychotropic plants on human culture and evolution and TheArchaic Revival, in which this interview appears. His latest book Trialoguesat the Edge of the West, is a collection of "discursive chats " withmathematician Ralph Abraham and biologist Rupert Sheldrake.This was our first interview It took place on November 30th, 1988 in thedramatic setting of Big Sur. Overlooking the Pacific Ocean we sat on the topfloor of the Big House at the Esalen Institute, where Terence was giving aweekend seminar. He needed little provocation to enchant us with thepyrotechnic wordplay which is his trademark, spinning together the cognitivedestinies of Gaia, machines, and language and offering a highly unorthodoxdescription of our own evolution.RMNGo to InterviewBibliographyDJB: It's a pleasure to be here with you again, Terence. We'd like to beginby asking you to tell us how you became interested in shamanism and theexploration of consciousness.Terence: I discovered shamanism through an interest in Tibetan folkreligion. Bon, the pre-Buddhist religion of Tibet is a kind of shamanism. Ingoing from the particular to the general with that concern, I studiedshamanism as a general phenomenon. It all started out as an art historicalinterest in the pre-Buddhist iconography of thankas.
 
DJB: This was how long ago?Terence: This was in '67 when I was a sophomore in college. The interest inaltered states of consciousness came simply from, I don't know whether I wasa precocious kid or what, but I was very early into the New York literaryscene, and even though I lived in a small town in Colorado, I subscribed tothe Village Voice, and there I encountered propaganda about LSD, mescaline,and all these experiments that the late beatniks were involved in. Then Iread The Doors of Perception and Heaven and Hell, and it just rolled fromthere. That was what really put me over. I respected Huxley as a novelist,and I was slowly reading everything he'd ever written, and when I got to TheDoors of Perception I said to myself, "There's something going on here forsure."DJB: To what do you attribute your increasing popularity, and what role doyou see yourself playing in the social sphere?Terence: Well, without being cynical, the main thing I attribute to myincreasing popularity is better public relations. As far as what role I'llplay, I don't know, I mean I assume that anyone who has anythingconstructive to say about our relationship to chemical substances, naturaland synthetic, is going to have a social role to play, because this drugissue is just going to loom larger and larger on the social agenda until weget some resolution of it, and by resolution I don't mean suppression orjustsaying no. I anticipate a new open-mindedness born of desperation on thepart of the Establishment. Drugs are part of the human experience, and wehave got to create a more sophisticated way of dealing with them thanexhortations to abstinence, because that has failed.RMN: You have said that the term "New Age" trivializes the significance ofthe next phase in human evolution and have referred instead to the emergenceof an archaic revival. How do you differentiate between these twoexpressions?Terence: The New Age is essentially humanistic psychology, eighties style,with the addition of neo-shamanism, channeling, crystal and herbal healing,and this sort of thing. The archaic revival is a much larger, more globalphenomenon that assumes that we are recovering the social forms of the lateNeolithic. It reaches far back in the twentieth century to Freud, tosurrealism, to abstract expressionism, even to a phenomenon like NationalSocialism which is a negative force. But the stress on ritual, on organizedactivity, on race/ancestor consciousness these are themes that have beenworked out throughout the entire twentieth century, and the archaic revivalis an expression of that.RMN: In the book you wrote with your brother Dennis, The InvisibleLandscape, and in recent lectures and workshops, you've spoken of a newmodel of time and your efforts to model the evolution of novelty based onthe ancient oriental system of divination, the I-Ching. Can you brieflyexplain how you developed this model, and how an individual can utilize thissystem to modulate their own perspective on the nature of time?Terence: Ah, no. I think I'd rather send you a reprint of a recent paper inRevision than to try and cover that. It's not easily explained. If I were togive an extremely brief resume of it, I would say that the new view of timeis that time is holographic, fractal, and moves toward a definitiveconclusion, rather than the historical model of time which is open-ended,
 
trendlessly fluctuating, and in practical terms endless. What's beingproposed is a spiral model of history, that sees history as a processactually leading toward a conclusion. But the details of it are fairlycomplex.DJB: According to your time-wave model, novelty reaches its peak expressionand history appears to come to a close in the year 2012. Can you explainwhat you mean by this, and what the global or evolutionary implications areof what you refer to as the "end of time"?Terence: What I mean is this. The theory describes time with what are callednovelty waves, because waves have wavelengths, one must assign an end pointto the novelty wave, so the end of time is nothing more than the point onthe historical continuum that is assigned as the end point of the noveltywave. Novelty, is something which has been slowly maximized through the lifeof the universe, something which reaches infinite density, or infinitecontraction at the point from which the wave is generated. Trying to imaginewhat time would be like near the temporal singularity is difficult becausewe are far from it, in another domain of physical law. There need to be morefacts in play, before we will be able to correctly envisage the end of time,but what we can say concerning the singularity is this: it is the obviationof life in three-dimensional space, everything that is familiar comes to anend, everything that can be described in Euclidian space is superseded bymodes of being which require a more complicated description which iscurrently unavailable.DJB: From your writings I have gleaned that you subscribe to the notion thatpsilocybin mushrooms are a species of high intelligence, that they arrivedon this planet as spores that migrated through outer space and areattempting to establish a symbiotic relationship with human beings. In amore holistic perspective, how do you see this notion fitting into thecontext of Francis Crick's theory of directed panspermia, the hypothesisthat all life on this planet and it's directed evolution has been seeded, orperhaps fertilized, by spores designed by a higher intelligence?Terence: As I understand the Crick theory of panspermia, it's a theory ofhow life spread through the universe. What I was suggesting, and I don'tbelieve it as strongly as you imply, but I entertain it as a possibility,that intelligence--not life but intelligence-may have come here in thisspore bearing life form. This is a more radical version of the panspermiatheory of Crick and Ponampurama. In fact I think that theory will proballybe vindicated. I think in a hundred years if people do biology they willthink it quite silly that people once thought that spores could not be blownfrom one star system to another by cosmic radiation pressure. As far as therole of the psilocybin mushroom, or its relationship to us and tointelligence, this is something that we need to consider. It really isn'timportant that I claim that it's an extraterrestrial, what we need is a bodyof people claiming this, or a body of people denying it, because what we'retalking about is the experience of the mushroom. Few people are in aposition to judge its extraterrestrial potential because few people in theorthodox sciences have ever experienced the full spectrum of psychedeliceffects that is unleashed. One cannot find out whether or not there's anextraterrestrial intelligence inside the mushroom unless one is willing totake the mushroom.DJB: You have a unique theory about the role that psilocybin mushrooms playin the process of human evolution. Can you tell us about this?
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