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Manga
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“Original manga” redirects here. For the English comics inspired by manga and animedrawings, seeOriginal English-language manga.This article is about the comics published in East Asian countries. For other uses, seeManga (disambiguation).
 Anime and Manga Portal 
Manga
(
漫画
?
)
listen 
( help·info
 
 )
(pl. manga) is theJapaneseword for  comicsand print cartoons. The drawers of these comics are calledmangaka.Outside of Japan, it refers specifically tocomicsoriginally published in Japan, or works derivative of the style. Native Japanese are often unaware of the use of manga to refer to Japanese comicsspecifically. As of 2007, manga represents a multi-billion dollar global market.
[1]
Mangadeveloped from a mixture of 
ukiyo-e
and foreign styles of drawing, and took its currentform shortly after World War II. Recently, Manga are read by almost all Japanese socialclasses and age groups. Themes include sports, romance, historical drama, comedy, soapoperas, fantasy, mystery, sexuality and horror.It comes mainly in black and white, except for the covers and sometimes the first few pages; in some Animanga (anime printed in manga style) all the pages are colored. Theyusually originate in Japan, China, or other East Asian countries.Popular manga are often adapted into anime(Japanesefor  animation) once a market interest has been established. Adapted stories are often modified to appeal to a moremainstream market. Although not as common, original anime is sometimes adapted intomanga.There is a popular misconception in English speaking countries that the word "manga"refers to Japanese animation (anime
 
). This is in part due to the name and logo of theManga Entertainment distribution company, who have brought many anime productionsto western audiences.
Contents
[hide] [hide]
•
1 Origins
•
2 Osamu Tezuka
•
3 Gekiga
•
4 Cultural importance
•
5 Manga format
 
o
5.1 Dōjinshi
•
6 Classification of Manga
o
6.1 Types of manga
o
6.2 Genres
•
7 International influence
o
7.1 North America
o
7.2 Europe
o
7.3 Influence
•
8 Language notes
•
9 See also
•
10 References
•
11 External links
[edit] Origins
Main article: History of manga
Manga, literally translated, means "whimsical pictures". The word first came intocommon usage in the late 18th century with the publication of such works as SuzukiKankei's "Mankaku zuihitsu" (1771) andSanto Kyoden's picturebook "Shiji no yukikai" (1798), and in the early 19th century with such works as Aikawa Minwa's "Mangahyakujo" (1814) and the celebrated
 Hokusai manga
containing assorted drawings fromthe sketchbook of the famous
ukiyo-e
artist Hokusai.
[2]
However,
 giga
(literally "funny pictures"), especially
chōjū jinbutsu giga
(
鳥獣人物戯画
,
?
literally "funny pictures of animals and humans"), drawn in the 12th century by various artists, contain many manga-like qualities such as emphasis on story and simple, artistic lines.Japanese wood block illustration from 19th centuryModern manga developed from a mixture of woodblock printed books and  pictureswith foreign art movements. When theUnited Statesbegan trading with Japan, Japan entered a period of rapid modernizationand globalization. Thus, they imported foreign artists toteach their students things such as line, form and color, which were never concentrated onin
ukiyo-e
as the idea behind the picture was normally considered more important
[
citationneeded 
 
]
. Manga in this period was known as
 Ponchi-e
(Punch-picture) and, like its British
 
counterpart
 Punch
 magazine, mainly depictedhumor and political satire in a short, 1- or  4-picture format.During the lateMeiji periodto the period before WW II, notable mangaka includeRakuten Kitazawa andIppei Okamoto. Rakuten Kitazawa trained under Frank A.  Nankivell,an Australian artist, and joinedJiji Shimpo newspaper company after being invited by Yukichi Fukuzawa. After that, Rakuten published such famous comic strips as
Tagosaku to Mokubē no Tōkyō-Kenbutsu
(
田吾作と杢兵衛の東京見物
,
?
"Tagosaku andMokube's Sightseeing inTokyo") (1902) and
 Haikara Kidorō no Shippai
(
灰殻木戸郎の失敗
,
?
"The Failures of Kidoro Haikara") (1902). Ippei Okamoto is the founder of  Nippon Mangakai, the first cartoonist's association in Japan. Hismanga manbunworks,such as
 Hito no Isshō
(
人の一生
,
?
"A life of a man") (1921), had a major influence oncontemporary mangaka and became prototypes of later fiction-based manga.
[3]
[edit] Osamu Tezuka
Osamu Tezuka's manga show influence of American comicsManga spread by theShowa Modan culture in around 1930. Manga in this era was made from low-priced paper and ink. It was sold not in bookstores, but in toy shops for children. TheImperial Japanese Armycame to influence Manga strongly when themilitarismof Japanstrengthened in around 1940. (For instance,  Norakurois a popular   poetic justicemanga written bySuihō Tagawain 1931.) WhenWorld War IIended, the United States culture was introduced into Japan again. Osamu Tezukawas influenced by Fleischer Studiosand Walt Disney's styles, and developed the cartoon to Manga. The story and the tragedy were introduced by Tezuka Osamu.
[4]
He had a strong influence ona lot of Mangaka. In around 1950, many young Mangaka came to the apartment Tokiwa- sōwhere Tezuka lived. The residents included Ishinomori Shōtarō, Akatsuka Fujio,and Fujiko Fujio.
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gotheart

Great UPLOAD thank you Bro

reply06 / 22 / 2008
kandrakar

This is very interesting!

reply04 / 30 / 2008
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