Introduction

A microprocessor is a combination of circuit on a tiny silicon chip that contains thousands or millions of transistors. The transistors are laid out along microscopic lines made of superfine traces of aluminium that stores data. These circuits manipulate data that can be programmed by software. A microprocessor is also considered as a brain inside a personal computer. For example the number of transistor or a chip has grown from 2300 on the 4004 in 1971 to 5.5 million on todays Pentium Pro processor. The progresses have made todays microprocessors 1000 times faster than their predecessors. Microprocessor also helps many devices for example telephone, thermostat, car and many more. Moreover there are some basic characteristic which differentiate the microprocessors which is instruction set, bandwidth and clock speed. The instruction means the set of instructions that the microprocessors can execute, the higher the value the more powerful the CPU. For example, a 32-bit microprocessor that runs at 50MHz is more powerful than a 16bit microprocessor that runs at 25MHz. The bandwidth means the number of bits processed in a single instruction. The clock speed usually given in megahertz (MHz), In addition to bandwidth and clock speed, microprocessors are classified as being either RISC (reduced instruction set computer) or CISC (complex instruction set computer).he clock speed determines how many instructions per second the processor can execute.

Figure 1: The difference between RICS and CISC