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    1 views10 pages

    Costos Wallas

    Uploaded by

    JC Jane Barnes

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 10
    21 COSTS OF INDIVIDUAL EQUIPMENT The choice of appropriate equipment often is influenced by consid zations of price. A lower eifcieney ora shorter life may be com pensated for by a lower price. Funds may be low at the time of purchase and expected to be more abundant late, or the economic life of the process is expected to be limited. Alternate kinds of equipment forthe same service may need to be considered: water cooled exchangers vs. air coolers, conerete cooling towers vs. re ‘wood, ilters vs. centrifuges, pneumatic conveyors ¥s. Screw oF bbucket elevators and soon, Inthis chapter, the prices of classes of the most frequently used ‘equipment are collected in the form of correlating equations. The prices are given in terms of appropriate key characteristic of the ‘equipment, such as sqft, gpm, lbvhr, et. Factors for materials of construction and performance characteristics ther than the basic fones also are provided. Although graphs are easily ead and can TABLE 21.1. Index of Equipment bring out clearly desirable comparisons between related types of equipment, algebraic representation has been adopted here. Equa tions are capable of consistent reading, particularly in comparison ‘with interpolation on logarithmic scales, and are amenable 10 incorporation in computer programs. Unless otherwise indicated, the unit prices $1000, SK. Except ‘where indicated, notably for fired heaters, refigeration systems, and cooling towers (which are installed prices), the prices are pur chase prices, FOB, with delivery charges extra In the United States {delivery charges are ofthe order of $a the purchase price, but, of course, dependent on the unit value, as cost per Ib or per cut Multipliers have been developed whereby the installed cost of various kinds of equipment may be found. Such multipliers range from 1.29 40, but details are shown in Table 21.3. 1 agitators 2. Compressors, turbines, fans Centrifugal compressors Reciprocating compressors Screw compressors Turbine Pressure dicharge Vacuum discharge Fane 2. Conveyors “roughed belt Fist bet Scraw, stot Serew, stainless Bucket elavator Pneumatic 4. Coating towers Concrete Wooden 65. Crushers and grinders Cone erusher Gyratory crusher Jaw eruaher vee mil Ball il Pulverzer 6. Grystalzers External forced cirelation Internal draft ube Batch vacuum 7. Distillation and absorption towers Distilation tray tomer ‘Absorption tray towers Packed towers 8 Dwyer Rotary, combustion gas heated Rotary, hot ar heated Rotary steam tube hestod Cabinet dryers Spray dryers Multiple hearth furnace 9. Evaporators Forced crulation Long tube Falling fm 1. Cylindriea types 11, Haat exchangers Sheltand tube Double Aircoolers 12, Mechanical separators CCentrituges, (yelone separators Heavy duty ‘Standard duty Muticlone Disk separsiors Filtre Rotary vacuum belt discharge Rotary vacuum seraper dcharge Rotary vacuum disk Horizontal vacuum bet Prosoure leat Plate-and-frame Vibrating screens 18. Motors and couplings Motore Balt dive coupling Chain drive coupling Variable speed ative coupling 14, Pumps Centrifugal Vertical mixed flow Vertical axa flow. Geer pumps Reciprocating pumps 18. Ratrigeration 16. Steam ejectors and vacuum pumps Ejectors Vacuum pumps 17, Vessels Horizontal pressure vassals Vertical pressure vessels nT (Copyright #2010 Elsevier Inc. All ights reserved. DOL: 10.1016/B978-0-12-372506-6,00021-6 718 costs oF INDIVIDUAL EQUIPMENT Cost data were obtained from a numberof different sources and ae refered to foreach algorithm in Table 212. All algorithms hhave been updated to the fist quarter of 2003 and the cost data were checked with equipment manuficturers’ data. Any fost index may be used but the Chemical Engineering Index found in the magazine Chemical Engineering is satisfactory for costing equipment Material of construction is a major factor in the price of equipment so that multipliers for prices relative to carbon stel on other standard materials are given for many of the items covered hhee. Usually only the parts in contact with process substances need bbe of special construction, so that, in general, the multipliers are not TABLE 21.2. Purchase Prices of Process Equipment Costs 1st Q: slivays as great as they are for vessels that are made entirely om special materials. Thus, when the tube side of an exchanger is speci and the shell is carbon steel, the multiple wil vary with the amount of tube surface, as shown in that section. For multi- pliers see information under each type equipment in Table 21.2 ‘As with mos collections of data, the price data correlated here exhibit « certain amount of scater. This i duc in part to the incomplete characterizations in terms of which the correlations are made, but aso to variations among manufactures, qualities fof construction, design differences, market situations, and other factors. Accordingly. the accuracy of the correlations cannot be 2008 1 Aghators| C= 1218exp[2 + DIOHP + olln HPF) KS, 1< HP < 400 Single impeller ual impeller Speed 2 3 1 2 3 carbon 887 rv ant a0 ‘250 28 steel b —on19s 0.080 «0.1368 © o.1e02 0.0257 0.1981 nt) or = O01 0689 agra tza Typest6 882 855. 352 925 aa a7 bana 030 = 0.1802 281 naa 0.4228 2 Besa ose = “ors ©0542, gee a.t078 Speeds 1:30, 37, and 48 pm 2:56, 68,88, and 100¥pm 55125, 155, 190, and 250 rpm 2. Compressors, turbines, and fans (KS) CContitugal compressors without divers C= 7901KP/" KS, 200 ° a lal blades ease 02 ages 2-500 rd curved 0.0400 © ore21—oo7es 2-900, aes 02211 0ga20 2-300 “toi 0382 0647 2-800 Installation factor, fn Carbon steel 22 Fibreglass 40 Stainless steel 55 Nickel alloy m0 TABLE 21.2—(continued) Pressure Factors, F Ceontitogal ‘Axial Pressure MPalgagel) ‘Radda Backward Curved Prop. Vane 1 10 10 10 1.00 2 1s 1s = 118 4 120 120 = 130 a as nas = 2 6 160 = = = 3. Conveyors KS. Troughed batt C = 1.71124 10 < L< 12008 Flatbele:¢~ 11000% 19 < L = va008 ‘Scrow fstea): C= 0.491°,7 < L< 100% ‘Screw ftanles steal: C 08610 %.7 < L< 100 Bucket elovator C5 14L0S,10-< L< 100% Pneumatic conveyor 600% length 11218 expl3.5612 ~ 0.0088 InW + 0.09131In W}).10 < W < 100K /hr 4. Cooling towers, installed KS Concrete C = 186"0°",1 < 0 < 60K gal/min: awa ? wo S20 ‘Redwood, without basin: C = 4420°%,1.5 < Q.< 20Kgal/min 5. Crushers and grinders KS. Cone crusher: C= 189W"*, 20 < W < 001006 /he Gyratory crusher: C= 9.70%, 25 © W « 200tone hr slaw crusher. C= 7.705, 10'< W = 200t0ns/he Hammer mill C= 297W2%, 2 < W< 200%0n5/hr Ball mil C~ 61.002, 1. W< 20t0ne he Pulverizer C= 27.5W9H, 1 506 748 Eyed 100 W

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