BSSPAR: Chapter 1 Radio Resource Administration

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Basic TDMA Structure

5 4 3

Physical channel
e.g. allocated to one subscriber with FR voice and no frequency hopping

2
1 0 7 6 5 4 3 TDMA frame = 8 timeslots
( 0.577ms * 8 = 4.615 ms)

2
1 0 7 6 5 4 3

2 2 2
TDMA frame

2
1 0

200 kHz
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frequency

Multi, Super & Hyper Frames

TDMA frame numbering

2048 super frames = hyper frame

0
2047

0 1 2 0 1

Super frame = 26 x (51 multi frame) or 51 x (26 multi frame)

48 49 50 24 25

24 25

1 2 2

49 50 50 49

26 multi frame = 120 ms

(Traffic and associated signalling)

51 multi frame = 235 ms

(Signalling and Control channels)

0
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7 TDMA frame = 4.615 ms

GSM Channel Organization

Logical Channels
for transport of specific content mapping

MS

Physical Channels
transport medium Physical channel parameters ARFCN Time slot number Frequency hopping algorithm

Base Station Subsystem

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Logical Channels
FCCH DL SCH BCCH Common Channels DL UL DL CBCH Frequency Correction Channel Synchronisation Channel Broadcast Control Channel Cell Broadcast Channel BCH

PCH RACH AGCH

Paging Channel Random Access Channel Access Grant Channel

CCCH

SDCCH UL/DL DCCH SACCH FACCH Dedicated Channels FR/HR TCH UL/DL EFR AMR FR/HR

Stand alone Dedicated Control Channel Slow Associated Control Channel Fast Associated Control Channel

Full rate / Halft rate TCH Enhanced Full rate TCH Adaptive multirate TCH (FR/HR)

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Traffic Channel Mapping

Full Rate Traffic Channel Configuration (UL & DL)

26 TDMA frames = 120 ms

f t t t t t t t t t tf t t i t t t t t t t t t t t t s

t = full rate TCH, s = SACCH/T SACCH/T, , i = idle TDMA frame

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Half Rate Traffic Channel Configuration (UL & DL)

26 TDMA frames = 120 ms t T 1
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t T

t T

t T

t T

t T

s f T

t T

t T

t T

t T

t f T

t S 26

t = half rate TCH, s = SACCH/T SACCH/T (first user) T = half rate TCH, S = SACCH/T SACCH/T (second user) TDMA frame ...
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Signaling Channel Mapping

Combined Configuration: (BCCH + SDCCH/4+ CCCH/3)

Time Slot 0
Downlink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms

f s bb b bc c c c f s c f c cccc cc f s t f t t t t t t t fst f t t t t t t t f ss f ss ss ss s
1. 2. 3. 4.

Uplink

frrr rtt t t t t fsr r r r r r r r r frrrr rr rrrr ft t rrt t t t t t t t r r s ss s ss s 0 CHANNELS f = FCCH s = SCH/SACCH

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50 b = BCCH c = CCCH r = RACH t = SDCCH/4

Signaling Channel Mapping

Separated Channel Configuration: (BCCH +CCCH/9)

Time Slot 0
Downlink 51 TDMA frames = 235ms

fcc cc cc c f sc fccccccc f sc fc cc c cc c f sc fccccccc f s bb bb c c c c f s c Uplink

frr r r rr rr r r frr rrrr rrrr frrrrrrrrrr frrrrr rrr rrrrrr rrrrrrr

CHANNELS

f = FCCH s = SCH/SACCH

b = BCCH c = CCCH

r = RACH t = SDCCH/4

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Signaling Channel Mapping

Separated/Hybrid Channel Configuration: (SDCCH/8 +SACCH/4)

Other than Time Slot 0

Downlink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms

f s ss ss ftt ttt ttt t t fttt ttt ttts f s s ss ss ss s s tt ttt tt tt tt tt

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Uplink s s s ss s s s s s s s f ft tt t tt t tt t fttt t tt t ttt fttt ttttt tt ttt tt t

CHANNELS
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t = SDCCH/8
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s = SACCH/8

Signaling Channel Mapping

Comparison of number of CCCH Blocks : Separated and Combined Configuration
Separated BCCH/CCCH and SDCCH
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms

fcc cc cc c f sc fccccccc f sc fc cc c cc c f sc fccccccc f s bb bb c c c c f s c

Combined BCCH/CCCH/SDCCH 2 1 3 f s bb b bc c c c f sc f c cccc cc f s t f t t t t t t t fst f t t t t t t t f ss f ss s s ss s

f = FCCH i=idle s = SCH/SACCH

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b = BCCH c = CCCH = PCH/AGCH

t = SDCCH

Channel Mapping
Parameter Setting
MO Class TR/RTSL Parameter channelxType (CHx CHx) ) where x = 07 Channel configuration defined by parameter channel Type TCHF (0) TCHH (1) TCHD (2) SDCCH (3) MBCCH (4) MBCCHC (5) MBCCB (7) SDCCB (8) NOTUSED (9) ERACH (10) EGTCH (14) LRTCH (15) = full rate traffic channel = half rate traffic channel (Note OSC double HR) = dual rate traffic channel = standalone (SDCCH/8) = broadcast control channel = BCCH + SDCCH/4 = BCCH + SDCCH/3 with CBCH = SDCCH/7 with CBCH = timeslot has no radio definition or Abis allocation = random access channel of extended area = EGPRS packed data traffic channel for extended area = long reach traffic channel
Note: Some values not allowed in certain tsl (e.g. TSL0 cant have value 8) PBCCH is not supported in S13 and onwards
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Dynamic SDCCH Allocation

When static SDCCHs overbooked Free TCHs used for SDCCH traffic

Rules for dynamic SDCCH allocation: SDCCH is configured to TRX with least number of SDCCHs or no SDCCHs yet at all SDCCH is configured to TRX with least number of occupied channels If between different types of TCHs must be selected, the preference order is: HR, FR, DR TCH DFCA: SDCCH and Dynamic SDCCH not supported on DFCA TRXs (only on regular TRX) Exceptions: Configuration of any dynamic SDCCH resource in the BTS not possible Only one TCH of the BTS is available Dynamic SDCCH allocation + FACCH call set up enabled simultaneously dynamic SDCCH allocation has higher priority

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FACCH Call Set Up

Alternative to dynamic SDCCH allocation (for call setup case)
Assignment of TCH to MS from CCCH instead of SDCCH Call set up on FACCH instead on SDCCH Parameters (SEG Level) newEstabCausesSupport (NECI) Y/N Enables feature is general

Parameters (BSC level) ordinaryCallOnFacch (EOF) Y/N Enables ordinary call set up on FACCH emerCallOnFacch (EEF) Y/N Enables emergency call set up on FACCH reestablishOnFacch (ERF) Y/N Enables call reestablishment on FACCH pagingAnsOnFacch (EPF) Y/N Enables answer to paging call setup on FACCH

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Example - Signaling capacity

Traffic profile
Call establishment number of cells number of subscriber authentication and ciphering (sec) subs/cell authentication and ciphering sec => Erl SDCCH traffic (Erl/cell) SMS SMS/ subs/hour MHT for SMS (sec) SMS traffic (sec => Erl) SDCCH traffic (Erl/cell) 100 50000 7 500 0.001944 0.972222
Chs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1% 0.01 0.15 0.46 0.87 1.36 1.91 2.50 3.13 3.78 4.46 5.16 5.88 6.61 7.35 8.11 8.88 9.65 10.40 11.20 12.00 2% 0.02 0.22 0.60 1.09 1.66 2.28 2.94 3.63 4.34 5.08 5.84 6.61 7.40 8.20 9.01 9.83 10.70 11.50 12.30 13.20 3% 0.03 0.28 0.72 1.26 1.88 2.54 3.25 3.99 4.75 5.53 6.33 7.14 7.97 8.80 9.65 10.50 11.40 12.20 13.10 14.00 5% 0.05 0.38 0.90 1.52 2.22 2.96 3.75 4.54 5.37 6.22 7.08 7.95 8.83 9.73 10.60 11.50 12.50 13.40 14.30 15.20

5 6 0.001667 4.166667

Location update LU / Call authentication and ciphering (sec) authentication and ciphering sec => Erl SDCCH traffic (Erl/cell) Total SDCCH Check from Erlang B Tabl,

1 7 0.001944 0.972222 6.111111

13 SDCCH channels needed =>BCCH + SDCCH/8 (not combined) =>BCCH + 2 SDCCH

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Erlang B Table
For reference in upcoming calculations
Chs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1% 0.01 0.15 0.46 0.87 1.36 1.91 2.50 3.13 3.78 4.46 5.16 5.88 6.61 7.35 8.11 8.88 9.65 10.40 11.20 12.00 2% 0.02 0.22 0.60 1.09 1.66 2.28 2.94 3.63 4.34 5.08 5.84 6.61 7.40 8.20 9.01 9.83 10.70 11.50 12.30 13.20 3% 0.03 0.28 0.72 1.26 1.88 2.54 3.25 3.99 4.75 5.53 6.33 7.14 7.97 8.80 9.65 10.50 11.40 12.20 13.10 14.00 5% Chs 0.05 21 0.38 22 0.90 23 1.52 24 2.22 25 2.96 26 3.75 27 4.54 28 5.37 29 6.22 30 7.08 31 7.95 32 8.83 33 9.73 34 10.60 35 11.50 36 12.50 37 13.40 38 14.30 39 15.20 40 1% 12.80 13.70 14.50 15.30 16.10 17.00 17.80 18.60 19.50 20.30 21.20 22.00 22.90 23.80 24.60 25.50 26.40 27.30 28.10 29.00 2% 14.00 14.90 15.80 16.60 17.50 18.40 19.30 20.20 21.00 21.90 22.80 23.70 24.60 25.50 26.40 27.30 28.30 29.20 30.10 31.00 3% 14.90 15.80 16.70 17.60 18.50 19.40 20.30 21.20 22.10 23.10 24.00 24.90 25.80 26.80 27.70 28.60 29.60 30.50 31.50 32.40 5% 16.20 17.10 18.10 19.00 20.00 20.90 21.90 22.90 23.80 24.80 25.80 26.70 27.70 28.70 29.70 30.70 31.60 32.60 33.60 34.60

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Paging Capacity
Example

Combined CCCH / SDCCH configuration noOfBlocksForAccessGrant = 1 3 MSs paged per paging message 2 blocks per multi frame 2 CCCH blocks for PCH

BTS

3 MS

Paging_Request

3 pages per block 3 * 2 = 6 pages per multiframe

BTS 3 MS

Number of pages per hour Avg of 2 pages required per MS

3600 s / 0.235 s * 6 = 91915

Paging_Request

91915 / 2 = 45957 MSs per hour

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SDCCH Signalling Capacity

Example with call Establishment & Location Update

Cell with 325 subscribers 1 call per subscriber once in a hour 1 location update (LU) per subscriber once in 2 hours Duration of call assignment = 4 s subscriber 325 subscribers Reservation time for LU = 5s subscriber 325 subscribers Total SDCCH traffic Blocking probability = 1% 4 s / 3600 s = 1.11 mErl on SDCCH per 325 * 1.11 mErl = 0.3607 Erl on SDCCH 5 s / 7200 s = 0.69 mErl on SDCCH per 0.2242 Erl on SDCCH 0.3607 Erl + 0.2242 Erl = 0.5849 Erl 4 SDCCHs required SDCCH combined with CCCH can be used (MBCCHC)

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SDCCH Signalling Capacity

Example including SMS

Same cell with 325 subscribers Additional SMS traffic of 1 mErl per subscriber 325 subscribers Total SDCCH traffic Blocking probability = 1% 325 * 1 mErl = 0.325 Erl on SDCCH 0.5849 + 0.325 Erl = 0.9099 Erl 5 SDCCHs required not combined with CCCH (MBCCH)

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Base Station Identity Code

Base Station Identity Code BSIC = Network Colour Code NCC + Base Station Colour Code BCC bsIdentityCode NCC BCC BSIC + frequency channel Setting of BSIC 0..7, distinguishes between PLMNs 0..7, distinguishes between clusters unique identity of adjacent cell

f1 bcc = 1 f1 f2 f3 f1

bcc = 2

bcc = 3

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Frequency Reuse
Frequency to be used by TRX (must be unique within a BTS) initialFrequency (FREQ) GSM 800: GSM 900: GSM 1800: GSM 1900: 11023 Setting of ARFCNs

128 .. 251 1..124 and 975..1023, 0 512..885 512..810

f2 f2 f1 f3 f5 f6 f1 f3 f5 f6 f7 f7 f2 f4 f4 f5 f6 f1 f3 f7 f4

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Frequency Information for MS

Idle mode idleStateBCCHAllocation (IDLE) 0,12000 MS listens on BCCH 0 = MS gets frequency information from adjacent cells defined for the BTS 1..2000 = MS gets frequency information from the defined BCCH allocation list

Dedicated mode

MS listens on SACCH ADJ = MS gets frequency information from adjacent cells defined for the BTS IDLE = active MS uses same BCCH freq list as idle MS
Defining BA list

measurementBCCHAllocation (ACT)

bCCHAllocationList ID frequencyBandinUse Frequency

Indicates ARFCN values given by BCCH allocation list 800, 900, 1800, 1900, Multi list of ARFCN in the BAL

12000

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Principle of Frequency Hopping

Frequency hopping techniques

hoppingMode (HOP)

BB,RF,N BB = base band hopping (1) RF = RF hopping (2) N = no frequency hopping at all (0)

Frequency

Call is transmitted through several frequencies to average the interference (interference diversity) minimise the impact of fading (frequency diversity)

F1 F2 F3

Time
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Base Band Hopping

TRXs do not hop Physical channels moved from one TRX to another Hopping sequence hoppingSequenceNumber (HSN)

0..63 0 = cyclic hopping 1..63 = pseudorandom hopping

Baseband Hopping
0 TRX 1 TRX 2 TRX 3 TRX 4
BC CH

Timeslot f1 f2 f3 f4

HSN1 (BB hopping group 1 and RF hopping) Timeslot 0 hops over TRXs 22-4 only BCCH does not hop HSN2 (BB hopping group 2) Timeslots 11-7 hop over all TRXs

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RF Hopping
Standard technique

All TRXs hop except TRX1 (provides BCCH) Up to 63 frequencies available defined by mobile allocation list -> better hopping gain mobileAllocationList usedMobileAllocation (MAL) 0,1...2000 Setting of ARFCN values 0 = BTS detached from any list 1..2000 = indicates list which shall be used

0 TRX 1
BC CH

Timeslot f1 no hopping

TRX 2 f2,f3..fn hopping according mobile allocation list One hopping sequence number only

TRX 3

TRX 4

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RF Hopping
Freeform Hopping
Standard technique
9 hopping hopping frequencies MAI = 0..8 But 3 frequencies available for every TRX only
MAIO Offset TRX-1 (BCCH) Sector-1 0 TRX-2 TRX-3 TRX-4 TRX-5 (BCCH) Sector-2 3 TRX-6 TRX-7 TRX-8 TRX-9 (BCCH) Sector-3 6 TRX-10 TRX-11 TRX-12 MAI 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Freeform hopping For every sector same mobile allocation list hopping sequence number frame number (frame synchronization) For every sector different starting points for hopping sequence possible by mobile allocation index offset maioOffset (MO) setting of MAIO
9 hopping hopping frequencies MAI = 0..8 9 frequencies available for every TRX
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0..62

RF Hopping
Flexible MAIO Management
MAIO Offset MAIO Step TRX-1 (BCCH) TRX-2 TRX-3 TRX-4 TRX-5 (BCCH)

Freeform hopping Not adequate for MA list with consecutive ARFCN values Avoids coco-channel interference but not adjacent channel interference Flexible MAIO management MAIO increases with constant step size from one TRX to the next one maioStep (MS) 1..62
maioOffset = 0, 6, 12 for sector 1, 2, 3 maioStep = 2 18 frequencies required (2 * number of hopping TRXs)
Sector-3

MAI 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Sector-1

Sector-2

TRX-6 TRX-7 TRX-8 TRX-9 (BCCH)

12

TRX-10 TRX-11 TRX-12

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RF Hopping (Tight Frequency Reuse)

Freeform hopping MAIO Offset Band allocation: BCCH

Flexible MAIO management MAIO Offset + MAIO Step Band allocation: BCCH

MA list NonNon-adjacent ARFCN

MA list Consecutive ARFCN

MA list and BCCH frequency planning required

Only BCCH frequency planning required

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