Histology is taken from the Greek wordshis tos, web or tissue andlogos. Histology is the study of the tissues of body and how these tissues that have the same function are arranged to constitute organs. The study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals can be performed by examining a thin slice (section) of tissue under a light microscope or electron microscope. The most common procedure used in the study of tissues is the preparation of histological sections that can be studied with the aid of the light microscope. In preparing the slide, there are some techniques that can be used to get the ideal microscope tissue so that the tissue on the slide has the same structure and molecular as it had in the body.

Fixation is a chemical process by which biological tissues are preserved from decay, either through autolysis or putrefaction. Fixation terminates any ongoing biochemical reactions, and may also increase the mechanical strength or stability of the treated tissues. Fixation is usually the first stage in a multistep process to prepare a sample of biological material for microscopy or other analysis. Therefore, the choice of fixative and fixation protocol may depend on the additional processing steps and final analyses that are planned.

After fixation, the tissues are embedded in the paraffin which involves two main steps: dehydration and clearing, before the tissue is embedded. Then, to studied microscopically, most sections must be stained because it can give color to the tissues as they are most colorless. Generally, stains react in two general ways either they combined directly with the tissue, or they require that the tissues be treated first with an anchoring substance or mordant. Very few stains can be relied upon to color with the desired selectivity or intensity unless carefully controlled. This may be accomplished by stopping at the desired intensity or removing excess with another reagent. Staining is important technique and must be done serially.

A microtome is a mechanical instrument used to cut biological specimens into transparent thin sections for microscopic examination. Microtome use steel, glass, or diamond blades depending upon the specimen being sliced and the desired thickness of the sections being cut.

Steel blades are used to prepare sections of animal or plant tissues for light microscopy histology. Glass knives are used to slice sections for light microscopy and to slice very thin sections for electron microscopy. Industrial grade diamond knives are used to slice hard materials such as bone, teeth and plant matter for both light microscopy and for electron microscopy. Gem quality diamond knives are used for slicing thin sections for electron microscopy.

There is some precaution when we are using the microtome while doing the slicing. Microtome use extremely sharp blades. So that, all operations with the blade, must be done carefully. There are some operations where the hands must be brought close to the blade. For these procedures hand protection must be worn for example is a cut resistant glove. Then, the knives need to be cleaned. Disposable knives have an anticorrosion coating that must be removed. Diamond paste must be removed from knives when they are sharpened. The smallest silicon particle can ruin the sections. All dust must be removed. Such careful cleaning must bring the hands close to the blade with the attendant risk.

Mould
Forceps
Slides and cover slides
Microtomes
Beakers
Normal saline solution
70%, 80%, 95% and 100% Ethanol
Bouin\u2019s solution
Toluena solution
Paraffin solution
Xilen 1
Xilen 2

Absolute alcohol + xilen (1:1)
Absolute alcohol
Alcohol90%
Alcohol 80%
Alcohol75 %
Distilled water
Hematoxilin solution
0.5% Hydrochloric solution
0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution
Scott\u2019s solution
Eosin
DPX medium/Balsam Canada