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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CO1: Apply knowledge and evaluate the problems that can be solved using basic concepts and principles in electrical and mechanical. CO2: Explain the application of electrical and mechanical equipment, safety precaution and control of the building.
PO1: Ability to acquire and apply basic knowledge of science, mathematics and engineering.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this session, students should be able to:
Introduction
The use of ventilation is very important to provide the comfortability to the occupant. Ventilation is the changing of air in any space. Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining healthy indoor air quality in a closed space.
Fresh air is needed for humans in order to remove the stale air, chemical fumes, gases, smoke, heat, and other contaminants which is essential. Some buildings are designed for natural ventilation where they have their own limitations.
Natural ventilation
Mechanical
ventilation
Natural Ventilation
Natural ventilation
Natural ventilation is the ventilation of a building with
the outside air without the use of a fan or other mechanical system.
The sources for natural ventilation are:
Wind Effect/Pressure Stack Effect/Pressure A combination of Wind Pressure and Stack Effect
For high building we use a stack effect and a combination of wind pressure and stack effect.
Stack effect
Cross ventilation
- Inlets and outlets located directly opposite each other. - The cool condition occurred only to the those areas in between, in the direct path of the airflow. - If you force the air to take a longer path between the inlet and outlet, thus the area will be more cool.
Upward ventilation
It is created by the differences in temperature between the air inside and the air outside a building. The warmer, less dense air inside is displaced by the cooler denser air from outside.
Mechanical Ventilation
Mechanical Ventilation
Uses fan to create air changes and air movement. Types of mechanical ventilation: Natural inlet and Mechanical extract Mechanical inlet and Natural extract Mechanical inlet and Mechanical extract
Mechanical ventilation may be used to control humidity or odours. Kitchens and bathrooms typically have mechanical ventilation to control both. The main component of ventilation is the fan. Ventilation systems can either supply air or exhaust air. They usually work in conjunction with ducting. The ducting helps to distribute the suction and discharge point to flow air in a room.
Three types of fans used for mechanical ventilation system : Propeller Fan Centrifugal Fan Axial Flow Fan Factors in the design of systems include the air flow rate (which is a function of the fan speed and exhaust vent size) and noise level. If the ducting for the fans traverse unheated space, the ducting should be insulated as well to prevent condensation on the ducting. Direct drive fans are available applications (these save the maintainance/replacing the fan). for many costs of
Do not consider natural forces which are wind pressure, stack pressure or a combination of both.
Develop the consistent process of ventilation.
Propeller Fan
Develop low pressure usually placed at the area that not used the long lengths of ductwork. Consist of two or more blades fixed to the hub.
Centrifugal Fan
Develop high pressure and suitable for long length of ductwork. Consists of an impeller that revolves inside a casing shaped like scroll
Develop high pressure and suitable for long length of ductwork. Consist of an impeller with blades of aerofoil section, rotating inside a cylinder casing
Centrifugal fans can overcome higher pressures, but they need to be installed on solid bases. Axial fans produce lower pressures, and more compact. They can be hung in line with ducting, thus saving installation space.
NATURAL VENTILATION
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Naturally occurring.
The cost is cheaper for installation. Does not require any maintenance.
Do not use any electrical power to operate. Silence during operation. Can be design for air movement only.
maintenances. Usually use electrical power to operate. Making noise during operation. Can be designed to provide a positive air change and air movement. Normally fan is used as a component to create air change movement.
Toilet
Cafeteria Basement
Axial fan
Propeller fan Axial fan
Diffuser
Conclusion
It is important to master the ventilation system since the system is necessary for used in every type of buildings and every enclosed space in perpetuating air freshness in our buildings.