Pelarstvo

SADRAJ
OD RECENZENATA .................................................................................. 17
UMESTO PREDGOVORA ........................................................................ 21
IVOT PELA
POREKLO I RASPROSTIRANJE PELA ................................................
POLOAJ PELA U IVOTINJSKOM SVETU ....................................
RASE PELA .............................................................................................
Kranjska medonosna pela ....................................................................
Italijanska uta medonosna pela ..........................................................
Kavkaska medonosna pela ...................................................................
Tamna medonosna pela .......................................................................
Afrika pela ..........................................................................................
PELARSTVO U PROLOSTI
(DO POJAVE POKRETNOG RAMA) .......................................................
NAJZNAAJNIJA OTKRIA IZ IVOTA PELA ..................................
Prirodne mere u pelinjem stanitu ........................................................
Polna pripadnost matice .........................................................................
Partenogeneza ........................................................................................
Sporazumevanje (govor) pela ...........................................................
PELA U PRIRODNOM LANCU ISHRANE ..........................................
KORISTI OD PELA .................................................................................
Opraivanje biljaka ................................................................................
Pelinji proizvodi i ostale koristi ...........................................................
PELINJE DRUTVO ...............................................................................
lanovi pelinjeg drutva ......................................................................
Matica .................................................................................................
Trut ......................................................................................................
Pela radilica .....................................................................................
Gnezdo pelinjeg drutva ......................................................................
Osnovne bioloke osobine pelinjeg drutva .........................................
Prirodna pelinja hrana ..........................................................................
PELINJI PROIZVODI .............................................................................

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Med ........................................................................................................
Polen (cvetni prah) .................................................................................
Matini mle ..........................................................................................
Propolis ..................................................................................................
Pelinji vosak .........................................................................................
Pelinji otrov ..........................................................................................
PODELA RADA U PELINJEM DRUTVU ..........................................
IZGRADNJA SAA ...................................................................................
MEUSOBNO SPORAZUMEVANJE PELA ........................................
ORIJENTACIJA PELA ..........................................................................
STANITA PELA ...................................................................................
Prirodna stanita ...................................................................................
Konice sa nepokretnim saem ............................................................
Konice sa pokretnim saem ...............................................................
IVOT PELINJEG DRUTVA U PRIRODNOM STANITU
U TOKU GODINE ....................................................................................
OPREMA ZA PELARSTVO
NAJZNAAJNIJI PRONALASCI KOJI OBELEAVAJU
PERIOD SAVREMENOG PELARENJA ...............................................
Pokretna satonoa ................................................................................
Pokretni ram .........................................................................................
Konica nastavljaa sa pokretnim ramovima ........................................
Dimilica ................................................................................................
Centrifuga za ceenje meda .................................................................
Satna osnova .........................................................................................
Matina reetka .....................................................................................
Vetake osnove matinjaka i presaivanje larvica ..............................
Aparat za presaivanje matinih larvica bez dodirivanja ....................
KONICE ..................................................................................................
Konice sa nepokretnim saem .............................................................
Konice sa pokretnim saem ................................................................
Savremene konice koje su najzastupljenije u praksi ..........................
Dadan-Blatova (DB) konica ............................................................
- DB konica sa 10 ramova .............................................................
Langstrot-Rutova (LR) konica .........................................................
- Kombinovana LR konica sa standardnim telima
i polunastavcima ..........................................................................
- Kombinovana LR-DB konica .....................................................
Fararova konica ..............................................................................
Poloka konica .................................................................................
- Poloka konica sa polumeditem ................................................
- Paviljoni sa konicama polokama .............................................
Alberti-niderieva (A) konica ....................................................

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Pelarstvo

- A-Grom konica .........................................................................

- Ostale varijante A konice .........................................................
Konice koje se u praksi ree koriste ...................................................
Konica Kongresovka ........................................................................
Alpska konica ...................................................................................
Konica erzonka .............................................................................
Canderova konica ............................................................................
Konica kljetara ...............................................................................
Konica Tamako ...............................................................................
Budue konice? ...................................................................................
Rodna Voja ........................................................................................
Konica sa rotirajuim ploditem .....................................................
Konica Lukova ...............................................................................
IZRADA KONICA ..................................................................................
Materijal za izradu konica....................................................................
Drvena graa za konice ..................................................................
Nain izrade konica ............................................................................
Alati za sklapanje konica .....................................................................
Alat za zakivanje ramova i razmaka ....................................................
Konice od aluminijuma ...................................................................
Konice od stiropora ........................................................................
RAZNE VARIJANTE DELOVA KONICA.............................................
Podnjae ...............................................................................................
Poklopna daska i krov ..........................................................................
Ramovi za konice ..............................................................................
Razmaci za ramove ..............................................................................
Matine reetke ....................................................................................
Kavezi-izolatori za matice ....................................................................
Oprema za odstranjivanje pela sa ramova .........................................
Pregradne daske ...................................................................................
Hranilice ..............................................................................................
Nukleusi ...............................................................................................
Konice za posmatranje pela .............................................................
Prenosno sandue .................................................................................
Rojnjae ...............................................................................................
OPLODNJACI ZA MATICE ....................................................................
Veliki oplodnjaci ..................................................................................
Rofusovi oplodnjaci ...........................................................................
Mali oplodnjaci ....................................................................................
Minimalni oplodnjaci ...........................................................................
POSTOLJA ZA KONICE ........................................................................
OPREMA ZA UVRIVANJE, PRENOENJE I
UTOVAR-ISTOVAR KONICA ..............................................................


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Veroljub Umelji

PRIBOR ZA PRESAIVANJE LARVICA PRI UZGOJU MATICA ......

Igle za presaivanje larvica .................................................................
Aparati za presaivanje larvica ............................................................
Jenter aparat .....................................................................................
Nicot aparat ......................................................................................
Vetake osnove matinjaka .................................................................
Pribor za obeleavanje matica .............................................................
Kavezi za matice ..................................................................................
Inkubator za izvoenje matica ............................................................
Aparat za vetaku oplodnju matica ....................................................
OTPREMANJE KAVEZA SA MATICAMA POTOM .........................
OPREMA ZA FORMIRANJE PAKETNIH ROJEVA ............................
Kutije za smetanje paketnih rojeva ...................................................
Elektrini stresa pela za formiranje paketnih rojeva ......................
KUTIJE ZA ISPORUKU ROJEVA NA RAMOVIMA ...........................
PELARSKE VAGE .................................................................................
OPREMA ZA TOPLJENJE VOSKA ........................................................
Solarni topionici voska ........................................................................
Parni sokovnik .....................................................................................
Parni topionici .....................................................................................
Prese za topljenje voska ......................................................................
Elektrini topionici za vosak ...............................................................
OPREMA ZA IZRADU SATNIH OSNOVA ...........................................
Runa presa za izradu satnih osnova ...................................................
Indusrijsko livenje satnih osnova .........................................................
Industrijska izrada hladno valjanih satnih osnova ..............................
UGRAIVANJE SATNIH OSNOVA U RAMOVE ...............................
ELEKTRINO GREJANJE KONICA ..................................................
OPREMA ZA PREGLEDANJE PELA .................................................
Pelarski noevi ...................................................................................
Pelarske etke .....................................................................................
Dimilice ...............................................................................................
Pelarska korpa ....................................................................................
Zatitna (ivena) oprema ...................................................................
Pokretne dizalice za pregledanje konica ............................................
POJILA ZA PELE ..................................................................................
OPREMA ZA IZRADU POGAA ZA ISHRANU PELA ...................
Runa izrada pogaa ............................................................................
Pekarska mealica za testo ...................................................................
Specijalna mealica za izradu pogaa .................................................
SKUPLJAI CVETNOG PRAHA ...........................................................
Unutranji sakupljai ...........................................................................

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Pelarstvo

11

Spoljni sakupljai .................................................................................

Komora za suenje polena ...................................................................
Alat za vaenje perge iz saa ..............................................................
PRIBOR ZA SAKUPLJANJE PROPOLISA ...........................................
PRIBOR ZA VAENJE MLEA .............................................................
UREAJ ZA SAKUPLJANJE PELINJEG OTROVA .........................
Sakupljanje pelinjeg otrova ...............................................................
OPREMA ZA OTKLAPANJE SAA I
ODLAGANJE OTKLOPLJENIH RAMOVA ...........................................
Oprema za runo otklapanje saa .......................................................
Oprema za mainsko otklapanje saa ..................................................
Odlaganje otklopljenih ramova ...........................................................
OPREMA ZA CEENJE MEDA .............................................................
Vertikalne centrifuge ............................................................................
Tetivne (hordijalne) centrifuge ............................................................
Radijalne centrifuge .............................................................................
Horizontalna centrifuga. ......................................................................
Oprema za prihvatanje, pretakanje i skladitenje
oceenog meda ....................................................................................
Linije za otklapanje saa i ceenje meda .............................................
OPREMA ZA DEKRISTALIZACIJU MEDA. ........................................
Komore za dekristalizaciju meda ........................................................
Samopotapajui elektrini dekristalizatori ...........................................
Duplikatori ...........................................................................................
OPREMA ZA PAKOVANJE MEDA .......................................................
OSTALA SREDSTVA I OPREMA ..........................................................
PELARSKI OBJEKTI ............................................................................

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TEHNIKA PELARENJA
FORMIRANJE PELINJAKA ................................................................
Izbor mesta za pelinjak .....................................................................
Vrste pelinjaka .................................................................................
Stacionarni pelinjaci .......................................................................
Pokretni pelinjaci ............................................................................
Gradski pelinjaci ............................................................................
Ureenje terena za smetaj pelinjaka ................................................
Izbor tipa konice i vrste pelinjaka ...................................................
Broj konica na jednom pelinjaku ....................................................
Raspored konica na pelinjaku .........................................................
Sa koliko pelinjih drutava kada i kako zapoeti pelarenje ...........
Nega i razvoj rojeva ............................................................................
OSNOVNI PELARSKI RADOVI U TOKU SEZONE ........................
Izimljavanje pelinjih drutava ...........................................................

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Veroljub Umelji

Zimska prihrana pelinjih drutava .................................................

Brzi zimski pregled ...........................................................................
Prvi detaljni proleni pregled pelinjih drutava ................................
Saniranje nedostataka uoenih pri prvom prolenom pregledu ..........
Saniranje bezmatka ..........................................................................
Saniranje bezmataka koji ima leglo i matinjake ............................
Saniranje drutva sa lanim maticama ............................................
Saniranje drutva sa loom maticom ...............................................
Saniranje drutva sa maticom trutuom ...........................................
Znaaj pretapanja i zamene starog saa ...............................................
Proleni razvoj pelinjih drutava i priprema za glavne pae .............
Podsticajno prihranjivanje eernim sirupom .................................
Proleno iezavanje pela ..............................................................
Proirivanje plodinog prostora ......................................................
Ram graevnjak ...............................................................................
Predvajanje pelinjih drutava u DB-konicama
na proizvodna i pomona .................................................................
Rad sa pomonim drutvima ............................................................
Rad sa proizvodnim drutvima ........................................................
Karakteristike ranih izdanijih paa ...............................................
Blokada plodinog prostora polenom ..............................................
Sakupljanje cvetnog praha ..............................................................
Korienje medinih tela ..................................................................
Korienje irokih medinih ramova ...............................................
O PRIRODNOM ROJENJU ....................................................................
Uzroci pojave nagona za rojenje ........................................................
Mere protiv pojave nagona za rojenje ................................................
O kvalitetu matica iz rojevog nagona .................................................
Postupak sa drutvom u kome se pojavio rojevi nagon .....................
Zbrinjavanje prirodnih rojeva ..........................................................
ZATITA PELINJIH DRUTAVA U PRIRODNIM STANITIMA ....
VREME MEDOBERA (KORIENJE DOBRIH
PELINJIH PAA) ..................................................................................
Bagremova paa ..................................................................................
Izbor podruja za seobu konica ......................................................
Karakteristike bagremove pae .......................................................
Analiza mogunosti korienja tri bagremove pae ........................
Seoba konica ...................................................................................
Korienje bagremovih paa.............................................................
Ceenje meda ......................................................................................
Pakovanje saa u medu ...................................................................
Med u sau .......................................................................................
Voe u medu .....................................................................................

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Pelarstvo

alfijina paa .......................................................................................

Paa pitomog kestena ..........................................................................
Korienje livadske pae .....................................................................
Lipova paa .........................................................................................
Suncokretova paa ...............................................................................
Vrijeskova paa ...................................................................................
etinarska paa ...................................................................................
Kako poboljati pelinju pau ............................................................
Karakteristike znaajnijih medonosnih biljaka kojima
moemo poboljati pelinju pau ........................................................
PRIPREME ZA ZAZIMLJAVANJE PELINJIH DRUTAVA ..............
Zamena i dodavanje matica .................................................................
uvanje matica .................................................................................
Uslovi za uspean prijem matica .....................................................
Metode dodavanja matica ................................................................
Grabe ..................................................................................................
Svoenje konica na plodini prostor .................................................
Koliko je hrane potrebno pelinjim drutvima
za prezimljavanje i rani proleni razvoj .............................................
uvanje ramova sa saem ...................................................................
Predostronosti pri tretmanu drutava protiv varoe ...........................
ZAZIMLJAVANJE PELINJIH DRUTAVA .........................................
Utopljavanje konica ............................................................................
SPECIFINOSTI PELARENJA POJEDINIM
TIPOVIMA KONICA .............................................................................
Pelarenje LR konicama ....................................................................
Pelarenje Fararovim konicama ........................................................
Pelarenje polokama konicama ........................................................
Pelarenje A konicama ....................................................................
Pelarenje alpskim konicama ............................................................
Pelarenje konicama erzonkama .....................................................
Pelarenje vrkarama ...........................................................................
PELARENJE SA DVE MATICE U JEDNOJ KONICI ......................
Dvomatino pelarenje ........................................................................
Dvojno pelarenje ................................................................................
UZGOJ MATICA ......................................................................................
Korienje prirodno izgraenih matinjaka ........................................
Planski uzgoj matica ............................................................................
Uzgoj matica bez presaivanja larvica ...............................................
Dobijanje prisilnih matinjaka .........................................................
Dobijanje matinjaka na podrezanom sau ......................................
Milerova metoda ...............................................................................
Alejeva metoda .................................................................................

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Veroljub Umelji

Canderova metoda ...........................................................................

Uzgoj matica presaivanjem larvica (opti uslovi) ............................
Matica rodonaelnica .......................................................................
Trutovske zajednice ..........................................................................
Selekcija pela (matica rodonaelnica) ............................................
Kontrolisano sparivanje matica .......................................................
Kalendar i satnica aktivnosti pri uzgoju matica .............................
Uzgoj matica u vie turnusa .............................................................
Dobijanje matinjaka i uzgoj matica
presaivanjem larvica dodirivanjem ...................................................
Odgajivaka drutva ........................................................................
Presaivanje larvica ........................................................................
Kontrola broja izraenih matinjaka ...............................................
Formiranje oplodnjaka ....................................................................
Presaivanje matinjaka ..................................................................
Kontrola oplodnje i kvaliteta i oduzimanje matica iz oplodnjaka ....
Dobijanje matinjaka i uzgoj matica presaivanjem
larvica bez dodirivanja ........................................................................
Rad sa Jenterovim aparatom ...............................................................
Rad sa malim osmodelnim oplodnjacima ...........................................
Formiranje malih oplodnjaka i dodavanje matinjaka ....................
Kontrola kvaliteta i oduzimanje matica ...........................................
Zavretak rada sa malim oplodnjacima ...........................................
Rad sa Nicot aparatom ........................................................................
Pripremanje hrane koja se stavlja u transportne kaveze ....................
Dobijanje matinog mlea ..................................................................
Plansko formiranje rojeva ...................................................................
Formiranje rojeva za sopstvene potrebe ..........................................
Formiranje rojeva za trite .............................................................
Formiranje paketnih rojeva .............................................................

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O R G A N S K O P E L A R E N J E ................................................ 743
BOLESTI PELA
Amerika (zloudna) trule kuga pelinjeg legla .............................
Evropska dobroudna trule pelinjeg legla .......................................
Kreno leglo ........................................................................................
Nozemoza (Nozema) ...........................................................................
Varoza (Varoatoza) ..............................................................................
Virusi ...................................................................................................
Mala koniina buba ...........................................................................

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Pelarstvo

N E P R I J AT E L J I ( T E T O I N E ) P E L A
Insekti ..................................................................................................
Votani moljac ..................................................................................
Mrtvaka glava ................................................................................
Bogomoljka obina ..........................................................................
Osa obina .......................................................................................
Strljen .............................................................................................
Crni mrav batenski ........................................................................
Pauci ....................................................................................................
Pauk krsta .......................................................................................
Osoliki pauk .....................................................................................
Pauci koji ne pletu mreu ...................................................................
Kimenjaci ............................................................................................
Vodozemci ..........................................................................................
- Zelena krastava aba ....................................................................
- Obina krastava aba ...................................................................
Gmizavci ............................................................................................
- Zelemba ......................................................................................
- Sivi guter ..................................................................................
Ptice ...................................................................................................
- Pelarica ......................................................................................
- Senica obina ...............................................................................
- Vrabac domai .............................................................................
- Lasta seoska .................................................................................
- Detli areni .................................................................................
Sisari ..................................................................................................
- Mi domai ...................................................................................
- Rovica obina .............................................................................
- Mrki medved .................................................................................
o v e k .............................................................................................

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SVETSKO ORGANIZOVANJE PELARA

APIMONDIA ............................................................................................ 768
REGISTAR IMENA I POJMOVA ...................................................... 771
LITERATURA ........................................................................................ 779
O AUTORU .............................................................................................. 781
PRENUMERANTI ................................................................................. 783