Hulaul language

Hulaul language
Hulaul
Hla'l, Lin Non Pronunciation Nativeto Region Native speakers [hulaul] Israel, Iran, USA Israel, originally form Iranian Kurdistan 10,000 (1999) [1]

Language family Afro-Asiatic Semitic Central Semitic Aramaic Eastern Aramaic Northeastern Language codes ISO 639-3 huy Hulaul

Hulaul (Hebrew: ) is a modern Jewish Aramaic language, often called Neo-Aramaic or Judeo-Aramaic. It was originally spoken in Iranian Kurdistan. Most speakers now live in Israel. The name Hulaul simply means 'Jewish'. Speakers sometimes call their language Lishana Noshan or Lishana Akhni, both of which mean 'our language'. To distinguish it from other dialects of Jewish Neo-Aramaic, Hulaul is sometimes called Galiglu ('mine-yours'), demonstrating different use of prepositions and pronominal suffixes. Scholarly sources tend simply to call it Persian Kurdistani Jewish Neo-Aramaic.

Origin and use today

Hulaul sits at the southeastern extreme of the wide area over which various Neo-Aramaic dialects used to be spoken. From Sanandaj, the capital of Kurdistan Province, Iran, the area extended north, to the banks of Lake Urmia. From there, it extended west to Lake Van (in Turkey), and south onto the Plain of Mosul (in Iraq). Then it headed east again, through Arbil, back to Sanandaj. Hulaul is somewhat intelligible with the Jewish Neo-Aramaic of Lake Urmia and Iranian Azerbaijan: Lishan Didan. It is also somewhat intelligible with its western neighbour, the Jewish Neo-Aramaic of Arbil: Lishanid Noshan. However, it is unintelligible with the Christian Neo-Aramaic of Sanandaj: Senaya. Christians and Jews spoke completely different Neo-Aramaic languages in the same region. Like other Judaeo-Aramaic languages, Hulaul is sometimes called Targumic, due to the long tradition of translating the Hebrew Bible into Aramaic, and the production of targums. The various dialects of Hulaul were clustered around the major settlement areas of Jews in the region: the cities of Sanandaj and Saqqez in Kurdistan Province, Iran, with a southern outpost at Kerend, and a cluster in the Iraqi city of Sulaymaniyah. Hulaul is full of loanwords from Hebrew, Persian and Kurdish. The upheavals in their traditional region after the First World War and the founding of the State of Israel led most of the Persian Jews to settle in the new homeland in the early 1950s. Most older speakers still have Kurdish as a second language, while younger generations have Hebrew. Hulaul is the strongest of all the Jewish Neo-Aramaic languages, with around 10,000 speakers. Almost all of these live in Israel, with a few remaining in Iran, and some in

Hulaul language the USA. Hulaul is written in the Hebrew alphabet. Spelling tends to be highly phonetic, and elided letters are not written.

References
[1] Hulaul reference (http:/ / www. ethnologue. com/ language/ huy) at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)

Heinrichs, Wolfhart (ed.) (1990). Studies in Neo-Aramaic. Scholars Press: Atlanta, Georgia. ISBN 1-55540-430-8. Maclean, Arthur John (1895). Grammar of the dialects of vernacular Syriac: as spoken by the Eastern Syrians of Kurdistan, north-west Persia, and the Plain of Mosul: with notices of the vernacular of the Jews of Azerbaijan and of Zakhu near Mosul. Cambridge University Press, London.

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors

Hulaul language Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=575227117 Contributors: Aelfthrytha, Angr, Bohater, Briangotts, CesarB, Chris the speller, Donald Albury, Dsp13, Edward, EyeSerene, Florian Blaschke, Fusion7, Garzo, Hmains, Keka, Kwamikagami, Maor X, Pegship, Sardanaphalus, Sharcho, TShilo12, Taivo, Tobias Conradi, Wavelength, 4 , anonymous edits

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