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 A GRAMMAR OFMODERNINDO-EUROPEAN
Second Edition
Language and Culture Writing System and Phonology Morphology SyntaxTexts and Dictionary Etymology 
DNGHU
Carlos Quiles
 
 with
Fernando López-Menchero
 
 
 Version 4.15 (10/2009)
Copyright © 2007-2009 Asociación Cultural Dnghu.© 2006-2009 Carlos Quiles Casas. With contributions by Fernando López-Menchero Díez, M.Phil. in IE studies © 2007-2009.
Printed in the European Union.Published by the
Indo-European Language Association
.
 
Edition Managed by 
Imcrea Diseño Editorial
®
at <http://www.imcrea.com/>
.
 All content on this book is licensed under a Dual Licence
Creative Commons Attribution/Share- Alike License 3.0 (Unported), see <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/>, and GNUFree Documentation License (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts), see <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html>.
  All images are licensed under the same Dual Licence, most of them coming from Dnghu’s website<http://dnghu.org/> or from theIndo-European Wiki<http://indo-european.eu/>, a portal on Modern Indo-European, which in turn may have copied content from the English Wikipedia and otheronline and collaborative sources.
 While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authorsassume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of theinformation contained herein.For corrections, translations and newer versions of this free (e)book, please visit<http://dnghu.org/Indo-European grammar/>
.
 
 
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
............................................................................................................... 3
 
PREFACE
......................................................................................................................................... 9
 
P
REFACE
T
O
T
HE
F
IRST
E
DITION
.............................................................................................. 11
 
 W 
HAT
’
S
N
EW IN
T
HIS
E
DITION
................................................................................................. 15
 
 A 
CKNOWLEDGEMENTS
.............................................................................................................. 17
 
C
ONVENTIONS
U
SED IN THIS
B
OOK 
........................................................................................... 18
 
1. INTRODUCTION
.................................................................................................................... 23
 
1.1.
 
T
HE
I
NDO
-E
UROPEAN
L
 ANGUAGE
F
 AMILY 
.........................................................................23
 
1.2.
 
T
RADITIONAL
 V 
IEWS
......................................................................................................... 26
 
1.3.
 
T
HE
T
HEORY OF THE
T
HREE
S
TAGES
................................................................................. 29
 
1.4.
 
T
HE
P
ROTO
-I
NDO
-E
UROPEAN
U 
 RHEIMAT 
OR 
‘H
OMELAND
’ ............................................... 37
 
1.5.
 
O
THER 
L
INGUISTIC AND
 A 
RCHAEOLOGICAL
T
HEORIES
....................................................... 45
 
1.6.
 
R 
ELATIONSHIP TO
O
THER 
L
 ANGUAGES
............................................................................. 48
 
1.7.
 
I
NDO
-E
UROPEAN
D
IALECTS
.............................................................................................. 50
 
 Schleicher’s Fable: From PIE to Modern English .......................................................... 50
 
1.7.1. Northern Indo-European dialects ........................................................................... 53
 
1.7.2. Southern Indo-European Dialects .......................................................................... 78
 
1.7.3. Other Indo-European Dialects of Europe ............................................................. 88
 
1.7.4. Anatolian Languages ............................................................................................. 98
 
1.8.
 
M
ODERN
I
NDO
-E
UROPEAN
.............................................................................................. 102
 
2. LETTERS AND SOUNDS
................................................................................................... 109
 
2.1
 
T
HE
 A 
LPHABETS OF
M
ODERN
I
NDO
-E
UROPEAN
................................................................ 109
 
 A. Vowels and Vocalic Allophones.................................................................................. 109
 
 B. Consonants and Consonantal Sounds ....................................................................... 110
 
2.2.
 
C
LASSIFICATION OF
S
OUNDS
............................................................................................ 112
 
2.3.
 
S
OUNDS OF THE
L
ETTERS
................................................................................................. 117
 
2.4.
 
S
 YLLABLES
....................................................................................................................... 119
 
2.5.
 
Q
UANTITY 
........................................................................................................................ 121
 

A Grammar of Modern Indo-European, Second Edition (part 1)

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