P\phcn 2008
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al-Ømb kn\n-a-Ifn-eqsS Hcp bm{X
hnP-b-Ip-am¿ ªmØq¿
tdm_¿´v-˛-sP˛-^vf-tl¿´n F∂]cyth-j-I≥ Hcp kn\nam kwhn-[m-b-I-\m-Ip-∂Xv hfsc bmZr-›n-I-am-bm-Wv. k¿ hneyw a°≥kn-tbm-sSm∏w`qan-bpsS hS-t°-b-‰-Øp≈ a™p-aq-Snb B¿´nIv {]tZ-iØv At±lw 1910apX¬ tPmen-sN-øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.Im\Ubnse DØc sdbn¬thbv°pw teml-I-º-\n-Iƒ°pwth≠n Ccpºv Abncv tXSn-bp≈bm{X, IqsS {]mtZ-inI `q]-S-\n¿Ωm-W-hpw. lUvk¨ Dƒ°-S-ens‚Ing°≥ Xoc-ß-fn¬ \o≠ Bdp-h¿jsØ ]cy-th-j-W-bm-{X-I-fn¬Xt±-in-b-cmb FkvIntamIfp-ambnASp-Øn-S]-g-Im≥ km[n-®p. Aøm-bncw NXpc{issa¬ hnkvXo¿Æap≈a™p-aq-Snb Xcn-ip-`q-an-bn¬ Xs‚D¬J\\ D]IcWßtfmsSm∏w aqhnIym-a-dbpw Hcp IuXp-I-Øn-\mbnAt±lw ssIbn¬ sIm≠p-\-S-∂n-cp-∂p. 1913-˛14 se ssiXy-Im-eØv_m^n¬ em‚n-epw, s_¬®¿sFe‚nepw sh®v {]mtZ-in-I-cmbBfp-I-fpsS PohnXw At±lw Iyma-d-bn¬ ]I¿Øn. GI-tZiw ap∏-Xn-\m-bn-cw ASn ^nenw jq´v sNbvXmWvsSmd-t‚m-bn¬ Xncns®Øn-b-Xv.]s£, Zu¿`mKyw sIm≠v B apgph≥Hdn-Pn-\¬ Iymad s\K-‰o-hp-IfpwFUn-‰n-ßn-\n-S-bn¬ ^vftl¿´n hen-s®-dn™ knK-c‰v Ip‰n-bn¬ \n∂pwXo ]S¿∂v IØn \in®p. IrXyXsbm∂pan√msX shdpsX Nn{XoIcn® Ahsbms° IØn \in-®Xv \∂m-sb∂vAt±-l-Øn\p tXm∂n. Hcp {]tXyIBibw am{Xw Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-
°p-dn-®p am{X-ambn At±-l-Øns‚Nn¥. "dh-en-b≥ {^d¿kv' F∂ tcma-°p-∏mb Iº-\n-bpsS kmº-ØnI]p¥p-W-tbmsS ho≠pw At±lwIymadbpambn FkvIntamIfpsS ASpsØ-Øn. ]pdw temI-Øn\v XnI®pwA]-cn-Nn-X-amb "FkvIn-tam-I-fpsSPohnXw' Hcp kn\n-a-bm-°pI F∂e£y-tØmsS Bh-iy-amb k÷o-I-c-W-ß-fp-am-bmWv bm{X. IymadIqSmsX Fgp-]-Ø-øm-bncw ASn^nenw, Uh-e∏v sNøm\pw t]mkn-‰ohv {]n‚v sNøm\pw th≠ D]-I-c-W-߃ sIan-°-ep-Iƒ s{]mP-Iv‰¿F∂n-hbpw IqsS Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p.1920 BKÃv amkw apX¬ Hcph¿jw \o≠ ZpcnX bm{X-I-fn-eqsSAßns\ hniz-{]-kn-≤-amb "\m\q°vHm^v Z t\m¿Øv' F∂ BZy apgp-\oftUm°p-sa‚dn P∑w sIm≠p. 79an\p´v ssZ¿Lyap≈ Cu \ni_vZkn\na 1922 Pq¨ amk-Øn-emWvdneokv sNbvX-Xv.Cu kn\n-abv°p th≠n BZy-ambn Nn{XoIcn®Xv Hcp hm¬dkv th´bm-Wv. Nn{Xo-I-cn® tjm¿´p-Iƒ Uh-e∏v sNbvXv Ahn-SpØpIm-cpsSap∂n¬ {]Z¿in-∏n®p ImWn-®p. Cush≈-°m-c≥ henb D]-I-c-W-߃
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