ORAL ANATOMY LESSON 3
is a midline protrusion in the
PARAORAL TISSUES – are
structures functionally associated
with the oral cavity
FUNCTIONS OF THE PARAORAL
TISSUES:
• MASTICATION
• ARTICULATION
• INGESTION
• TASTE
• SPEECH
• DIGESTION
• DEGLUTATION
• RESPIRATION
LIPS – are two fleshy borders of the
mouth that are connected at the
commissure and are basically
made up of muscles and salivary
glands
STRUCTURES OF THE LIPS:
• MUCOCUTANEOUS JUNCTION –
the area of the lips between the
skin of the face and the red part
of the lips
• RED ZONE/VERMILLION AREA –
is the red/pink part of the lips
that is covered by a non-
keratinized mucosa
• WET LINE/WET-DRY LINE – is the
area separating the red zone
and the labial mucosa
• LABIAL COMMISSURE – the area
where the upper lip meets the
lower lip
• NASOLABIAL GROOVE – a
shallow depression extending
from the corner ala of the nose
down to the corner of the mouth
• LABIOMARGINAL SULCUS – a
shallow depression extending
downward from the corner of
the mouth
• LABIOMENTAL GROOVE – a
convex depression separating
the lower lip from the chin
• TUBERCLE OF THE UPPER LIP –
red zone of the upper lip
• PHILTRUM – a shallow
depression extending from the
center of the nose down to the
center of the upper lip
CHEEKS – is the lateral boundary of
the oral vestibule by the upper
vestibular fornix superioirly, the
lower vestibular fornix inferiorly
and the pterygomandibular raphe
laterally
STRUCTURES OF THE CHEEKS:
• BUCCINATOR MUSCLE – the
muscle of the cheeks
• BUCCAL FAT PAD OF BICHAT –
the fat of the cheeks that
usually decrease in size with
age and is called the SUCKLING
PAD in infants
• PAROTID PAPILLA – found
opposite the buccal vestibule
• LINEA ALBA – a white line found
at the occlusal plane where it
extends horizontally along the
midline of the cheeks
TONGUE – a flat broad muscular
organ found at the floor of the
mouth and is the principal organ
for taste
STRUCTURES OF THE TONGUE:
• ANTEROIR 2/3 OF THE TONGUE
– or the BODY is the one that is
facing the palate
• POSTERIOR 1/3 OF THE TONGUE
– or the BASE is the one that is
facing the floor of the mouth
• LINGUAL PAPILLA – covers the
dorsal anterior 2/3 of the
tongue
• LINGUAL FOLLICLES – covers the
dorsal posterior 1/3 of the
tongue and is called LINGUAL
TONSILS collectively
• TERMINAL SULCUS – a V-shaped
area separating the anterior
and posterior dorsal part of the
tongue
• FORAMEN CECUM – the slight
depression of the tongue
• MEDIAN SULCUS – a shallow
groove extending along the
midline of the tongue ending in
a slight depression
• DORSAL MUCOSA – lined by
specialized mucosa
• VENTRAL MUCOSA – smooth
and thin
• MANDIBULAR TORI – a non-
pathological excess of bone
* The TRIGEMINAL NERVE
innervates the anterior 2/3 of the
tongue while the
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE
innervates the posterior 1/3 of the
tongue
LINGUAL PAPILLA OF THE DORSAL
ANTERIOR 2/3 OF THE TONGUE:
• CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLA – is
arranged in a V-shaped manner
and is usually 8 in number
shaped as a very big mushroom
papilla found in front of the
foramen cecum that contains
the taste buds which are
sensitive to the bitter taste
• FILIFORM PAPILLA – is the most
numerous papilla which is
scattered throughout the
tongue but is the only papilla
that doesn’t contain taste buds
and it is hair-like, it has a
conical shape, it is highly
keratinized and it is the one
responsible for giving the
tongue its grayish-pink velvety
appearance
• FUNGIFORM PAPILLA – is found
on the apex o the tongue. It is a
mushroom shaped papilla
smaller than the circumvallate
papilla that contains the taste
buds for sweet and salty tastes
and is clinically seen as dark red
scattered spots on the tongue
• FOLIATE PAPILLA – are large
raised papillae on the sides of
the tongue that contains the
taste buds which are sensitive
to the sour taste
EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE
TONGUE:
• GENIOGLOSSUS MUSCLE – the
strongest extrinsic muscle of
the tongue
o Origin: GENIAL TUBERCLE
OF THE MANDIBLE
o Insertion: TONGUE
o Action: depressor
protractor of the tongue
• STYLOGLOSSUS MUSCLE
o Origin: ANTERIOR
SURFACE OF THE
STYLOID PROCESS
o Insertion: TONGUE
o Action: elevate and
retract the tongue
• PALATOGLOSSUS MUSCLE
o Origin: LOWER SURFACE
OF THE PALATINE
APONEUROSIS
o Insertion: TONGUE
o Action: a sphincter
muscle that closes the
oronasal opening
• HYOGLOSSUS MUSCLE
o Origin: HYOID BONE
o Insertion: TONGUE
o Action: depressor of the
tongue
INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE
TONGUE:
• LONGITUDINAL
• VERTICAL
• TRANSVERSE
SALIVARY GLANDS – a fluid • POSTERIOR LINGUAL GLANDS –
material made up mostly of water found on the lingual tonsils on
that moistens the oral cavity the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
• INCISIVE GLANDS – found
STRUCTURES OF THE SALIVARY basically on the floor of the
GLANDS: mouth behind the 2 lower
• SUBLINGUAL CARUNCULA – is a incisors
site on either side of the
frenulum linguae on the TONSILS – lymphoid tissues
sublingual surface that denotes contained within the pharyngeal
the site at which the fauces
submandibular gland empties
into the oral cavity PHARYNGEAL LYMPHATIC RING OF
• PAROTID GLAND – the largest of WALDEYER:
the 3 salivary glands that is • PHARYNGEAL
found at the side of the face in • PALATINE
front of the ear and behind the • LINGUAL
ramus of the mandible that
mostly secretes the serous type PARANASAL SINUSES – are air-filled
• SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND – is cavities that lessens the weight of
about the size of a walnut the skull
secretes 80% serous and 20% • SPHENOID
mucous (WHARTON’S DUCT) • FRONTAL
• SUBLINGUAL GLAND – the • ETHMOID
smallest of the 3 salivary glands • MAXILLARY (ANTRUM OF
located at the floor of the HIGHMORE)
mouth and secretes mucous
primarily (BARTHOLIN’S DUCT)
• MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS –
very small glands with very
short ducts delivering small
amounts of saliva
• LABIAL GLANDS – numerous and
found within the labial area
• BUCCAL GLANDS – found within
the cheek area
• PALATINE GLANDS – found at
the posterior 1/3 of palate and
soft palate
• LINGUAL GLANDS – found at the -Rosette Go 070308 
tongue
• ANTERIOR LINGUAL GLANDS –
also known as glands of
BLANDIN & NUHN is located at
the apex of the tongue
• LINGUAL GLANDS OF VON
EBNER – glands found beneath
the circumvallate papilla