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enamel
From Minhngoduc
OHE M1ENAMEL
•
Hard protective substance that covers the toothsurface
•
Hardest biologic tissue in the human body
•
Covers the anatomical crown
•
Provides shape and contour for the crowns
•
Poor conductor of heat and electricity
•
Becomes thinner within the fissures
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENAMEL:
•
extremely hard
•
brittle white to grayish-white
•
permeable to a limited extent
•
specific gravity is 2.8
•
smooth and glossy
COMPOSITION OF ENAMEL:
•
INORGANIC MATERIAL
o
96 – 68%
o
HYDROXYAPATITE
absorbs the ff substances:
VANADIUM
MANGANESE
SELENIUM
MOLYBDENUM
STRONIUM
•
ORGANIC MATERIAL
o
2 – 4%
o
Includes water
AMELOGENINS
•
Immature fetal enamel
•
Contains high proportions of
GLUTAMIC ACID,PROLINE & HISTIDINEENAMELINS
•
Mature enamel proteins
STRUCTURES OF ENAMEL:
•
ENAMEL RODS
o
Structural unit
o
Perpendicular to DEJ; originates at DEJ
o
ENAMEL PRISM
– hexagonal and prism like
o
CYLINDRICAL ROD –
paddle-shaped withhead and tail
o
Arranged in tent-like manner
o
Pathway of progress of caries followenamel rod
o
TRANSVERSE STRIATIONS
Dark lines crossing the rods
o
GNARLED ENAMEL ROD
Tortuous intertwining pathways of enamel rods
Offers greatest resistance to thecuspal and incisal areas
•
ENAMEL ROD SHEATH
o
Contains more enamel proteins
o
More acid resistant than other regions
o
Fish-scale appearance of enamel matrix
o
Rod’s surface (core)
•
INTERROD ENAMEL
o
Cements rods
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENAMEL
•
INCREMENTAL LINES OF RETZIUS
o
Oblique lines
o
Marks primary calcification of enamel
o
Concentric rings
o
PERIKYMATA
Shallow horizontal grooves
o
NEONATAL LINE
More pronounced incremental line
Seen in most primary teeth andpermanent central incisor
•
TRANSVERSE STRIATIONS
1
o
Bands or cross striations
o
Marks daily appositional growth of enamel
•
BANDS OF HUNTER-SCHREGER
o
Change of rod direction
o
Prevents enamel cracking duringmastication
o
DIAZONES
Dark bands
o
PARAZONES
Light bands
•
ENAMEL TUFTS
o
Abrupt change in direction of rods
o
Lateral spread of caries
•
ENAMEL LAMELLAE
o
Cracks
o
Pathway for bacteria to penetrate theenamel
•
ENAMEL SPINDLE
o
Hypersensitivity of DEJ
o
ectomesenchyme
in origin
o
comes form
odontoblastic spindle
•
DENTINO-ENAMEL JUNCTION
o
Junction between enamel and dentin
o
Scalloped profile in cross section
AGE CHANGES:
•
ATTRITION
o
Physiologic wearing away of toothsubstance due to occlusal contact(masticatory stress)
•
ABRASION
o
Loss of tooth substance because of mechanical means like tooth brushing
o
Cervical abrasion because of horizontalbrushing
•
EROSION
o
Loss of tooth substance due to chemicalmeans
o
Acids, chemical fumes (people working infactories, wind instrument musicians)
o
From vomiting
•
ABFRACTION
o
Loss of tooth substance (non-carious) at thesurface of the teeh due to masticatorystress
o
CUSPAL FLEXURE
Causes changes at enamel on thecervical area
•
LOSS OF PERIKYMATA
o
Depression on the surface of enamel whichare manifested as
incremental lines of retzius
•
DISCOLORATION
o
Drinking colored beverage
s
o
Smoking: nicotine stain
o
Extrinsic discoloration
o
Intrinsic discoloration
•
REDUCED PERMEABILITY
•
NECROTIC PULP TISSUE
o
Discoloration of tooth by non-functioningpulp tissue
•
MODIFICATION OF SURFACE LAYER
o
Due to wear and tear
•
REDUCTION IN INCIDENCE OF CARIES
o
Less caries as a person ages
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS:
•
FLUORIDATION
o
Fluoride incorporated in water
o
Optimum ratio of fluoride in water:
1/1,000,000
•
FLUOROSIS
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OHE M1 ENAMEL • Hard Protective Substance That Covers The
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| Upload Date: | 10/17/2009 |
| Copyright: | Attribution Non-commercial |
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