rx VU'SNEPONXKI

Hit Quan dich thea ban tieng N ga

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l~ C eng nhan ky thuat» HaNoi

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Nha xuat ban «Mir»

Maxcova

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Uri nguo-i dich Clurong I

MOo diiu v~ giao trinh vi; ky thu~t I. Phep chieu

2. Bo tri cac hinh chien tren hinh vi:

3. Dtrorig net

4. Ty I~

5. Kh6 gil'iy

6. Khung ten

7. Kien thtrc co ban v~ ghi kich thtroc

8. Ky hieu nham be mi,it

9. Trinh tl,r doc ban vi:

Chuo-ng II

U'ng dl}ng vi; hinh hQC

10. Vi: hinh hoc nhu- th~ nao?

II. Chi a va d~ng doan thang va g6c

12. Chia dirong tron thanh nhieu ph5n

bing nhau

13. Vi: noi tisp

14. Duo-ng cong vi: bing thtro-c cong

15. O"ng dung thuc t~ cua vi: hinh hoc

Clnro-ng III

Hinh chitlu true do

16. Khai niern chung

17. Hinh chieu true do du-ng can

18. Bieu di~n hinh tron trong hinh chien true do du-ng din

19. Hinh chieu true do vuong g6c deu

20. Du-ng hinh chieu true do deu cua hinh tron

21. Dimg hinh chien true do deu cua chi ti~t

22. Khai niem ve hinh chieu true do vuong g6e din

23. Ky hoa ky thuat

Clnrong IV

Hinh chitlu vuong goc

230

Trang 5

24. Phep chieu vuong goc

25. Cac mat phang hinh chieu

26. Ban vi: chien cua vij.t the

27. Hinh chieu cua vij.t the hinh hQC

28. Duo-ng phu tro cua ban vi: chieu

29. Hinh chieu cua diem nam tren be mat ella vij.t the

30. Vi: hinh chieu cua ranh xe tren vat the hinh hQC

31. Trinh tl,l' vi: cac hinh chieu vuong g6c cua chi tiet

32. Vi: hinh chieu tlnr ba ttr hai hinh chieu da cho

33. Cac phuo-ng phap xac dinh d9 Io-n that cua doan thAng va hinh phang

34. Vi: hinh khai trien cua be mat vat

th~ hinh hoc . .

35. Giao tuyen cua cac mat cua vij.t th~ hinh hoc

6 8 10 12 14 16 17 18 22 27

30 30 31

34 38

Chtrong V

M~t cAt va hinh cAt

36. Mi,it cAt

37. Hinh cat v

38. Phan loai hinh cat

39. Vi tri va ky hieu cua hinh cAt

40. Ky hieu bing hinh vi: cac vij.t lieu tren mat cAt va quy tAc vi: chung tren ban vi:

41. Hinh cit rieng phan

42. Ket hop phan hinh chieu va phan hinh cAt

43. Cac tnrong hop di,ic biet cua hinh cAt

44. Hinh cAt phirc tap

43 44

46 46 47

50 52

53

54

55 56

Chtro-ng VI

B~n vi; chtl tao co- khi va ban vi; phac chi titlt III

45. Cac dang san pharn va tai li~u

thiet ke III

59

Trang 59 60 61 64 67

68

72

73

74

78

81

82

90 90 96 98 99

101 102

103

104 106

46. Vi tri cac hinh chieu CO' ban 6- tren ban ve

47. Hinh chieu phu va hinh chieu

rieng phan

48. Hinh trich

49. Bo tri ban ve

50. Vie quy iroc va don gian hoa tren ban vie

51. Ghi va d9C cac kich thtro'c tren ban vie chi tiet

52. D9 con va d9 doc

53. Ky hieu dung sai va lAp ghep tren ban vie

54. Ghi ky hieu cac lo-p phil, gia cong nhiet va cac dang gia cong khac

55. Ghi dung sai hinh dang va vi tri cac be mat 6- tren ban vie

56. Ban vie phac

Chtro-ng VII

Bi~u di~n va ky hi~u ren va cac mlli ghep ren

57. Phan loai ren

58. Bieu dien ren

59. Ky hieu ren

Chu-ong VIII

Ban vie chi tillt tieu chulin, banh fling, bQ truy~n Mng fang va 10 xo

60. Tai lieu thiet ke co- ban va theo nhom

61. Khai niern chung ve truyen dong

62. Ban vie banh rang tru

Trang

Trang 160 162 165 167 176

115

63. Ban vie banh rang con

64. Ban vi: banh vit va true vit

65. Ban vie thanh rang

66. B9 truyen bang rang

67. Ban vi: 16 xo

116 117 117

119

ChtrO'nglX Ban vi; lAp

68. N9i dung cua ban vie liip

69. Bang ke

70. Hinh cat tren ban ve liip

71. Kich thuoc tren ban ve liip

72. Trinh nr d9C ban vi: liip

73. Cac quy iro-c va don gian hoa tren ban vie liip

74. Bieu dien cac moi ghep bang ren

75. Bieu dien cac rnoi ghep bang then

va bang rang (then hoa)

76. Mdi ghep dinh tan

77. Bieu dien 16 xo tren ban vie liip

78. Vie tach chi tiet

204 206 206 207

122 126

179 179 182 186 189 190

128

129

198 200

131 134

140 140 141 145

Cluro-ng X SO'di'i

79. SO' do dong

80. D9C so- do dong

81. SO' do thu y lire va khi nen

MQt so tieu chulin Vi~t Nam lien quan dlln ban vi; ky thu~t

Phu luc

224 226

149

211 211 216 216

149 152 153

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MIT DAU VE GlAD TRINH VE KY THUAT

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1. May bay hi~n d'}i

Chung ta hay nhin tam anh chiec may bay hien dai dang bay tren tang may vo i toe dQ sieu am, vo'i bat ky thai tiet nao no cling co the cho hanh khach va hang hoa den mot

no-i xa cua trai dat, thea tho i gian da: tinh tnro'c tung phut (hinh 1). Chung ta khong the tu o'ng nrong nbi, nhirng con tau nhir vay hay nhirng may moe va thiet bi hien dai khac lai dtro'c che tao ra, neu kh6ng xay dirng mot h~ thong ban vc,

Ban ve la ticng n6i cua ky thuat,

Ban ve la tid li~u ky thuat, baa gam cac hinh bieu dien cua vat th~ va nhirng so lieu khac can thiet cho vice che tao va kiem tra

• ••

vat th~.

•

tho'i ky Phuc hirng ; Gira Dedoc (Girard Dezarg), nha hinh h9C va kien true SIT Phap, ngtroi da d~t nhirng luan cir khoa hoc dau tien ve phep chien phoi canh, Ro ne Decac

(Rene Decart), nha toan h9C Philp the ky 17

l

da: de xiro-ng h~ toa dQ thang g6e. Dieu do

dff t9-0 nen phep chieu true do.

Cong lao to lo'n thuoc ve Gaspa Mongio (Gaspard Monje), ky SlY nguo i Philp, voi cong trinh «Hinh hoc hoa hinh» diro c c6ng bo vao nam 1798, cong trinh d6 1£\ co sa cho phiro'ng phap ve chieu dlXQ'C img dung cho den nay,

Trong khi danh gia dung Gaspa Mongio ve S11 tong quat hoa phiro'ng phap hinh chieu thang goc ella v~t th~ tren hai m~t phang hinh chien vuong g6e nhau, chung ta cho quen rang, trtro'c khi xuat hie» Hinh hoc hoa hinh, thi tIT lau tren mot so ban ve ella Nga dff ap dung mot vai quy tac rna Mongio da

khai quat mot each khoa hoc,

Nhirng ban ve ella Nga xtra nhat con IU1l lai den nay thuoc vao the ky 16. Song chung da bat dau dung (y Nga so m han nhicu - Ban dall hinh bieu dien diroc ve being tay

va tro'c hro ng bang mat. Nhirng ban ve do khongco kich thtro'c, ngu'o i ta phan doan

l.

chung mot each gtin dung thea v~t the du oc

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Ban ve ngay nay del trai qua con diro'ng phat trien lau dai. SlJ xuat hien cua ban ve lien quan den cong vi~c xay dung cac cong trinh, den Qui va thanh pho. Buoi dau, ban

ve du o'c ve ngay tren mat dat, tai noi ngiroi ta can xay cong trinh. Sau do, ban ve du o'c ve len cac phien da, cac tam dat set va cac tam da. Nhirng y nghi cua con ngtro i ve

dien ta cac var th~ xung quanh eo trtro'c ohtr

III '"

viet.

1. ""

Gop phan to lo'n vao ly thuyet bieu dien

co: Leona do Vanhxi (Leonardo da Vinci), nha hoa si thien tid Y va nha bac hoc cua

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~ieu dien, Hinh 2 la ban ve cac coi xay tren 5,,~ng Xem (the ky 17).

Ban ve can diroc thuyet minh bang 100 =-~n ngiro-i ta mo i de chir tren do.

Dan dan cac ban ve tra nen hien dai han.

. ...

Hinh 3 lit ban ve cau va thap thuoc the ky 17.

~o dien ta kha chinh xac hinh dang khai quat cong trinh can th~ hi~n, va dUQ"C ve ::ang dung ClJ. ve,

Mon ve cua Nga da: phat trien fVC ro- & thoi dai Piot d~ nhat. Cho den nay vftn con gifr lai diroc rat nhieu ban ve thuoc nganh j·jng tau thai do .

......

Cac ban ve da dtro-c nhieu nha phat minh

~~-i ky Slf N ga nbi tieng sir dung nhu : ban ve

may ho'i mro'c dau tien cua Ponzunop 1.1. .the ky 18), ban ve cau qua song Neva cua

h.1Jlibin I.P. (the ky 18), ban ve dau may hoi :.':&c Serepanop dau tien cua Nga (the ky 19)

dU'Q"C l~p ra veri trinh de> ky thuat cao va voi s-! hieu biet sau s~c ve cac nguyen tac cau true va trinh bay. Cac nha bac hoc Nga dil

l

co nhirng cong hien to Io-n vao 81)' phat trien

mon ve cong trinh. Ngtro i d~t nen mong cho rnon Hinh hoc hoa hinh cua rnroc Nga lit giao SU' Xevaxtianop la. X.

Cac nha bac hoc XQ viet: Dobriakop A.I, Ru nin N.A, Kaghin D.I, Setverukhin N.P da co nhirng cong hien co gia tri cho nganh

,

nay.

Tien be) ky thuat, S\f phat trien manh me cua khoa hoc va ky thuat & Lien Xo, nhiem vu phai cai tien triet de chat hrong san pham dff neu len van de tiep tuc phat trien tieu chuan hoa, nhat hi nhirng tieu chuan ve

ban ve.

Lien Xo off lap rat nhieu ban ve, Chung ta thu nghi rang, neu m6i xi nghiep lap ban ve rieng thee kieu cua minh, khong tuan thea nhfrng quy tac thong nhat, thi

nhirng ban ve nhir the lam sao rna ngiroi khac hieu duo-c. D~ tranh dieu do, nam 1928 & Lien Xo da ap dung nhirng tieu chuan nha ntro'c dau tien, quy dinh nhirng quy tac thong nhat ve l~p va trinh hay ban ve.

Tieu chudn Ii tai li~u quy dinh nhirng quy ta.c thong nhat ve trinh bay ban ve va nhirng tai li~u ky thuat khac, Tieu chuan nha mroc (goi tat lit GOST) bat bUQC moi xi nghiep,

t6 chirc va eel nhan phai tuan thea.

Tieu chuan khong chl quy dinh cho ban ve, rna con quy dinh cho nhieu dang san pham duo-c san xuiit trong cac nha may 6- Lien Xo, Tieu chuan nha mroc co nhirng ky hieu

1

nhat dinh. Vi du, tieu chuan «Du'o ng net»

dtro-c ky hi~u GOST 2.303 68. Chfr so 2 delt tnro'c dau cham chi tieu chuan thuoc He

,.. .. '"

thong thong nhat tai li~u thiet ke (ESKD),

so 303 chi so hieu tieu chuan, con so 68 viet sau gach noi chi nam tieu chuan diro'c dang kyo

Cac tieu chuan thtro'ng diroc xet lai mot each h~ thong, do la do nhfrng yeu cau cua san xuat va khuynh hiro-ng thong nhat tieu

chuan cua Lien Xo vo i tieu chuan cua cac mro'c xii hQi chu nghia.

Cong tile tieu chuan hoa dang tien hanh

trong pham vi khoi SEV (Hoi dong Tirong tro Kinh te) co y nghia vo cung quan trong, Nam 1974 kh6a hop Hin thir 28 cua khoi SEV d[ phe chuan «Dieu l~ ticu chuan cua SEV» va dff thong qua nghi dinh ve ap dung

o

At (..u... ~q M f. yt H 't; I-! a. (l MY

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3 . Ban ve can va cac thap

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tieu chuan SEV trong tat ca cac mroc thanh

vien cua SEV.

Su' ban hanh tieu chuan cua SEV (TC SEV) co y nghia chinh tri va kinh te to 1611

doi vo-i tat ca cac mro-c thanh vien trong 1. PHEP CHIEU

khoi SEV. So tieu chuan SEV da diro'c qua

mot nghin. Nguo i ta che t9-0 cac chi tiet va lip rap

Chung ta can phan biet hai tnro ng hop cac san pham du a thea cac ban ve ky thuat,

co- ban ap dung tieu chuan SEV sau day: Qua ban ve chung ta hieu diroc hinh dang

Tru-ong hop thu: nhiit, neu tieu chuan va kich thuxrc cua chi tiet bieu dien, v~t lieu

SEV ap dung co hieu lu c tnrc tH~p vo'i tinh che tao, de> nham va dQ chinh xac can dat

each lit tieu chuan cua Lien Xo rna khong can duo c cua cac be mat chi tiet va nhirng yeu

sira d6i hay soan lai thi tieu chuan GOST cau ve gia cong nhiet, lo-p phil vv ..

nrong irng se dtroc huy bo. Chang han, bAt Ban ve gam c6 cac loai hinh bieu dien sau

dau nr 1 thang Gieng nam 1978 ap dung co day: hinh chieu, hinh ctit va mat cat (hinh 4).

hieu luc true tH~p tieu chuan SEV ve ren h~ Cac hinh bieu dien cua vat the tren ban

met (TC SEV 180 75; TC SEV 181 75; vc diroc xay dung bang phep chien.

TC SEV 182 75 .~.) voi tinh each lei ticu Phep chieu la qua trinh ve hinh bieu dien

chuan cua Lien X6. Ke nr do cac tieu chuan cua v~t the tren mat phang, (Trong Hinh hoc

tuong frog cua Lien Xo (GOST 8724 58, hoa hinh con nghien ciru phep chieu (y tren

GOST 9150 59 ... ) mat hieu hrc. be mat kh6ng phang).

Trtro ng hirp thir hai, neu tieu chuan Hinh bieu dien nhan dtroc goi la hinh

GOST phil ho-p vo i tieu chuan SEV thi ban chieu ella vdt th~.

hanh thea hai ky hieu. Vi du: GOST Tir «hinh chien» goc tieng Latinh, co

2.101 68 (TC SEV 364 76) «ESKD. Cac nghia hi «nem ra phia tru-oc, phia xa». Hinh

dang san pham»; GOST 2.1 03 68 (TC SEV chieu gan giong nhu bong cua v~t th~ dtro'c

208 - 75) (ESKD. Cac giai doan l~p ban chieu tIT mot nguon sang rna ngtro i quan sat

ve» ... Doi vo-i nhirng tnro-ng hQ'P nay trong _ thay du o'c tren mat tuo ng hay mat dat. Nsu ticu chuan GOST can thong bao rang tieu : d~t cuon va h9C sinh song song vo'i birc

chuan nha mro'c phu ho'p vo i tieu chuan SEV. tuo'ng doi dien veri ell-a 86, thi bong cua cuon

Mot so tieu chuan SEV ap dung tnrc tiep va. 6- tren btrc tirong la hinh chir nhat,

nhir lit tieu chuan Lien Xo, nhung tieu chuan Phep chieu gam co cac yeu to sau day:

cua GOST chira phai huy boo Vi du : TC SEV (hinh 5)

138 74 «ESKD SEV. Bieu dien quy troc tam chieu lit diem tir do thu c hien phep

va ky hieu moi ghep khong thao diroc» ap chieu ;

dung co hieu lire true tiep vo i tinh each 13. vdt chieu Ia v~t the diro'c bieu dien ;

tieu chuan Lien Xo nr ngay 01 01 77; mat phang hinh chieu lit mat phang tren d6

mac du da co tieu chuan uro ng irng GOST thirc hien phep chieu:

2.313 68. «ESKD. Bieu dien quy tro'c va tia chieu lit. diro'ng thang tirong ttrong

ky hieu mdi ghep bang han khong thao dtro'c» thea do thuc hi~n phep chien .

khong bi huy boo Trang nhimg tnro ng hQ'P Ket qua cua phep chieu goi lit hinh biiu

do, thea giai thich cua Vien nghien ciru khoa diln hay lit hinh chieu etta vdt the. _

hoc chi! tao may toan lien bang (t6 chirc Phep chieu diro'c chia ra phep chien xuyen

cao nhat ve cong tac tieu chuan SEV) nen tam va phep chieu song song.

SIT dung GOST. · Trang phep chieu xuyen tam, tat eel moi

Nhimg quy dinh do cling da: diro c tac tia chieu deu xuat phat tir mot diem goi lei

gia ap dung khi viet giao trinh nay. tam chieu, no nam each mat phang hinh chieu

Tat ca nhirng tieu chuan neu trong sach mot khoang nhat dinh. Tren hinh 6,a, tam

nay (GOST va TC SEV) dlfQ"C ap d\lng co chieu giong nhtr bong di~n, nhfrng tia sang

hieu hrc nr 01 01 79. Mot so tieu chuan

... .. .

sn'a lai ap dung cham han va co hieu hrc

til 01 01 80~

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ltin han 0,009- mm. ·

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4. Ban vi! chi tiet may

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giong nhir tia chieu, bong tren mat dat giong nhu hinh chieu xuyen tam cua v~t th~.

Phep chieu xuyen tam diro'c dung khi ve hinh chieu phoi canh, Phep chieu phoi canh cho ta hinh bieu dien v~t th~ nhtr ta thay diro c khi quan sat v~t the do til' mot diem

nhin xac dinh .

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rio chieu

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vq.t th§ chieu

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Trong ban ve che tao co- khi hau nhu khong dung phep chieu xuyen tam; phep chien nay diroc dung trong ban ve xay _ dung va trong ve my thuat.

Trang phep chieu song song, dit ca cac

tia chieu deu song song veri nhau. Hinh 6,b

trinh bay phep chieu song song, veri gia thiet tam chien 6- xa vo tan. Luc do cac tia chien se

t

song song vo'i nhau va b6ng cua v~t the Cr

tren mat phang hinh chieu du oc coi Ii hinh chien song song cua vat the .

Trong ve ky thuat thtro ng dung phep

chien song song, vi phep chien nay cho ta hinh tnrc quan va de ve so vCri phep chieu

~ -"'"

xuyen tam.

Trang phep chieu song song, neu cac tia vuong g6c vo i mat phang hinh chieu thi hinh chien song song do goi la hinh chieu vuong goc

(hinh 6,c).

Hinh chieu vuong g6c con goi Ia hinh chieu trirc giao, Tir «tnrc giao» co nguon goc tieng Hy lap: « Orthos: nghia hi thang va

«gonia» nghia la goc,

Ban ve dung phtrong phap cac hinh chieu vuong goc co nhieu u-u diem hon so voi ban ve dung cac plnro ng phap bieu dien khac. Phtro'ng phap dflu th~ hien mot each day du hinh dang va kich thiro'c cua v~t the, vi vat the diro'c bieu dien tu nhieu phia khac nhau. Do do, ban ve dung trong san xuat thu o-ng gom co mot, hai, ba hoac nhieu hinh bieu dien ve bang phep chieu vuong goc.'

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TREN HINH VE

Trang ve ky thuat co khi, hinh bieu dien be mat nhin thay cua v~t the doi vo i ngiroi

quan sat, goi lit hinh chien. ·

.-

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6.

Phep chieu:

a) xuyen Him; b) song song; c) thing g6c

C)

10

1_- .. ~-

•

De hieu ban ve can biet r5 vi tri cac hlnh

•

chieu,

Ten goi cac hinh chieu phu thuoc VaG ~U"&ng chien cua vat the (hinh 7).

Hinh chieu kho i dau hi hinh chieu tu: tru trc no con diro'c goi lit hinh chieu chinh.

Hinh chiau tir trai lei hinh chieu nhin tir -~n trai vat the, no vuong goc vo i hu ong

h~ kh l'" dl'\",

=-1. In 01 au.

Hinh chieu tu: tren la hinh chien nhin tIT .ren xuong vat the, huang nhin vuong gee

l

-,-(vi rn~t phang hinh chieu bang.

Hirong nhin cua m5i hinh chien diro'c the ::i¢n bang mot mfii ten va ghi chu nhu r.inh 7,a.

M6i hinh chieu co mot vi tri xac dinh tren

•• •

~

Trr!n

aJ

~an ve. Hinh chien tlr trai du oc dat IT ben

.. ..

;:hai hinh chien chinh va d~t ngang voi hinh

~hieu chinh ; hinh chieu tir tren d~t duo; 2lnh chieu chinh (hinh 7,b). Khong dtro'c vi ~,hC;lm quy Hle do, nghia 1(\ khong duo c d~t ~ljnh chieu (y vi tri bat ky.

Hi~u dtro c quy tac bo tri cac hinh chien :11&i co th~ hinh dung diro'c hinh dang cua ~.it the thea cac hinh chieu cua no.

Khi doc ban ve can phan tich hinh dang cua chi tiet, nghia Ia so sanh tung bQ phan cua v~t the tao nen chi tiet veri hinh dang cac ~hoi hinh hoc, Chang han, co the phan tich phoi dai DC thanh khoi lang tru sau canh va 10 hinh tru (hinh 8,a). Con phoi bulong co th~ phan tich thanh phdn than hinh tru va phan dau hinh lang tru sau canh (hinh 8,b).

b)

7. Cac hinh chi~u:

a) hinh khong gian ~ b) vi trl cac hinh chieu

. .... .. .

ti~i:~~!:i)i~ ::G!:::fm;!::::~:!t:"~":":""""

.:::' .. ''': .. :. ::.:: . .... .... :

a)

~ l ~

c~~u HOI KIEM TRA

1. The nao Ia hinh chieu trong phep chien ?

2. The nao la hinh chien trong ban ve k\T thuat?

-" ..

3. Hinh bieu dien nao tren ban ve lei hinh

bi~u dien chu yeu? N6 con co ten goi la gi? 4. Ten goi cac hinh chieu phu thuoc vao

cai gi?

5. Vi tri cac hinh chien & tren ban ve

..

•

b)

8. Phan tieh hinh dang chi tiet thanh cac kh(ji hinh hoc

..

nhu the nao?

6. Co eho phep d~t hinh chieu & vi tri bat ky hay kh6ng?

7. Trang phep chieu vuong goc, phu ong

l

cac tia chieu nhir the nao aoi veri m~t phang

hinh chieu?

BA! TJP 1. Tren hinh 9,a echo ba hinh chien cua m6i chi tiet may, nhirng chung

khong d~t dung vi tri lien he giira cac hinh chieu, M6i hinh chieu dtro-c ky hi~u bang mQt chir. Hay ghi vao va bai t~p ten goi cac hinh

1 1

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'.'.J.

NET cO'" BAN. De bieu dien dirong baa thay cua v~t the, nguo i ta dung net co ban. Be rong cua net do dtro'c ky hieu bang chir Latinh s, va bang 0,5 den 1,4 mm tuy thea

do Io-n va mire dQ phirc t9-P cua hinh bieu

•

dien. Be rong cua net phai thong nhat tren

tat ca cac hinh bieu dien trong cung mot ban

A

8 aJ

c

, I

""""'

vc.

Net co' ban the hien du ong bao thay cua vat the nhu hinh 1 o.

oil

NET nUT. De the=-----hi~iiQ1rqJlg baa khuat

cua V?t the, ngu o'i ta dung net dZ£-i~~ren hinh chizu bang cua hinh 1 0, hai net dirt (y ben phai va ben trai the hien be mat khuat 6- phfln dtro i va hai net dirt & giira the hien be mat khuat cua phan tren,

Net dirt gam nhimg net gach ngan cung

mot dQ dai ur 2 den 8 mm thea quy dinh cua

tieu chuan (nhfrng ban ve t~p nen Hiy 4 mm). Do dai cua net dirt phai thong nhat tren cling mot ban ve. Khoang each giira cac gach

trong net dirt lay tIT 1 den 2 mm va phai thong nhat veri nhau trong cling mot ban ve. Be rong cua net dirt phu thuoc vao be rong cua net CO' ban da: chon va Hly nr s/2 den s/3, nghia hi be rong cua net dirt bang 1 /2 1 /3 be rong cua net co- ban.

Khong goi net dirt la net cham cham, vi rang net cham cham diro'c ve bang cac diem.

NET CHAM GACH MA.NH. De ve

..

cac dtro'ng true cling nhir cac duo ng tam, de

xac dinh tarn cua diro-ng tron hay tam cung tron, ngu o'i ta dung net cham gach manh. Net

nay gam nhirng gach manh va cham giira cac gach do. D(> dai gach tir 5 den 30 mm va

khoang each giira chung lit 3 5 mm (cac

hinh ve t~p nen Hiy khoang 20 nun cho dQ dai gach). Be rong cua net cham gach rnanh tir s/3 den s/2.

Diro ng true va diro ng tam ve qua du'ong baa cua hinh bieu dien tir 2 den 5 mm va

ket thuc bang net gach chir khong phai di~m cham. Vi tri Him cua diro-ng tron diroc xac dinh bang giao diem ella hai gach cat nhau nhu hinh 10. Neu duo-ng kinh cua du ong tron be han 12 mm, thi net cham gach the hien dirong tam diro'c thay bang net manh (khong ve ngat doan),

De ve cac chi tiet, tnro-c het can vach cac

D

E

,

J

b)

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I j
~

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H

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K

c)

-

,

.... :

9 . De tai bai t~p

1

r

,

-

t

,

•

chieu do va xep dat cac chtr ky hi~u cua cac hinh chien dung vo i vi tri uro'ng irng cua cac hinh chieu & tren ban ve,

. ~

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. ~

~

•

" !:.

I

t..

t.

~ .

,:

I

3. DUITNG NET

D~ bieu dien vat the mot each sang sua ro rang tren ban vc, ngiroi ta dung cac loai duo'ng net khac nhau.

Tieu chuan nha .mro'c GOST 2.303 68 quy dinh cac loai dirong net, each ve va cac img dung cua chung trong cac ban ve ky

thuat cua tat ca cac nganh congrighiep va

xay dung. '

Trong cac loai diro-ng net do, co net the hien diro-ng bao thay du oc va co net the hi~n dirong bao khua; cua be m~t thuc; eo net the hien diro-ng kich thuo c va co net

the hien mat phang doi ximg cua v~t the; do hi nhirng net quy tro'c khong co & tren vat the. Tat nhien, nhirng diro'ng net quy tro-c phai ve khac veri nhirng diro ng net

l

the hien dtro'ng bao be mat thuc,

each ve va ling dung cua cac dirong net co ban quy dinh trong GOST 2.303 68 diro-c trinh bay tren hinh 10.

- ~

~ .

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~ .~

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12

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