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C`{}cvgx{nn Hn}fc`_gddi{n$
ac}fn`n kc Jdi}gnMs}jix$ Hidifmgn`nnxcxg`nkn c`Mc}kfi`xcw
Oi{i2 \nsd Knvgcx !S`g{c {ac S`gi`'
\n}n {ikn dn hifs`gknk dn{g`nsc s` achai kc j}n` gf|nh{i cdnxcxg`n{i kc dn xcþi}n Jdi}gn Ms}jix$ihs}}gki cd |nxnki >3 kc xc|{gcfm}c.Jdi}gn }cxgkæn c` Di`k}cx kcxkcanhc >: nþix w nkfg`gx{}nmn =}cx{ns}n`{cx c` cd hc`{}i kc kc dnhgsknk. S`n {}nmnbnki}n g`hn`xnmdcw s` kgj`i cbcf|di |n}n {ikix`ixi{}ix.!
Hi`{g`òn |nj 8'
Hnf|nþn kcd Fcx
Nh{sndgknk
Hidifmgn`n }chgmc{}n`x|dn`{c
!_c} |îjg`n ='
Hifs`gknk
Dix fgj}n`{cx xi`xc}cx asfn`ixkgj`ix kc }cx|c{i
!_c} |îjg`n 8'
[}nmnbnki}cx dn{g`ix|cdcn` |i} xsxkc}chaix
!_c} |îjg`n ;'
Cxhscdn kc|nk}cx
Dnx msc`nx `scvnxkc Cxoi}nd =<<1&=<<7
!_c} |îjg`n ?'
Hsd{s}n
Oi{øj}noihidifmgn`i jn`ø|}cfgi
!_c} |îjg`n >>'
Mgc`cx{n}
Oi}i kcd ]cg`i S`gki|i} dn `i vgidc`hgn
!_c} |îjg`n 7'
Ckshnhgø`
Bsx{ghgn nfmgc`{nd
!_c} |îjg`n >8'
_n}gcknkcx
[nddc} kc n}{c wkchi}nhgø` `nvgkcþn
!_c} |îjg`n >;'
CKGHGI@ @i =
KGHGCFM]C KC =<<1
DI@K]CX
Dn xg{snhgø` kc dixg`fgj}n`{cx c` Cs}i|n w c`|n}{ghsdn} c` cd ]cg`i S`gki$hnkn kæn xc {i}`n fîx kgæhgd$dnx {}nmnx xi` fnwi}cx n |n}{g}kc dn n`{gasfn`n |idæ{ghnkc`ifg`nkn —kg}ch{gvnkcd }c{i}`i‖ ~sc `ixi{}ix|ik}ænfix ddnfn} —kg}ch{gvn kcdn vc}jôc`rn‖ w dn ~sc |c}fg{c~sc 1 fgddi`cx kc g`fgj}n`{cxxcn` kc|i}{nkix. Cx{i xsc`nn `nrgxfi$ qc`iimgn$ }nhgxfiw i{}ix c|æ{c{ix xgfgdn}cx.Cx{n kg}ch{gvn$ |c}fg{c~sc dix g`fgj}n`{cx xcn`c`hn}hcdnkix |i} s` |c}gikikc {gcf|i kc anx{n >1 fcxcxxg` anmc} hifc{gki kcdg{indjs`i$ |c}fg{g}î dn cq|sdxgø`!kc|i}{nhgø`' kc dix fc`i}cxkc cknk n kgc}c`{cx |næxcxns`~sc `i xcn` dix kc i}gjc`5w xc dcx |}iagmg}î vidvc} n dn SCks}n`{c$ nd fc`ix$ hg`hi nþix.Cd kg`c}i hg}hsdndgm}cfc`{c. Dnx |c}xi`nxxi` c`hn}hcdnknx. ¹Xs kcdg{i9@i {c`c} kg`c}i. Xc} |im}cx.Dix |næxcx kc`ifg`nkix kcd|}gfc} fs`ki$ agx{ø}ghnfc`{can` sxs}s{nki dnx }g~scrnx kcdix |næxcx ddnfnkix kcd {c}hc}fs`ki$ cq|di{n}i`$ w xgjsc`cq|di{n`ki anx{n cd kæn kc aiw${ikix dix }chs}xix `n{s}ndcx~sc an` xc}vgki kc mnxc|n}n xs g`ksx{}gndgrnhgø` w xsc`}g~schgfgc`{i gdæhg{i. Kc{}îxkc xs hifc}hgi w kc xs {çh`ghnanw }æix kc xn`j}c$ xski} wdîj}gfnx.
Xc} |im}c$ c` s` |næx cf|im}chgki$ cx s`n {}njckgn.Xc} |im}c c` s` |næx c`}g~schgki$ cx g`onfn`{c.
cx{i di c`hi`{}n}nx c`{}c cd fn{c}gnd kc dn xchhgi` hifs`gknk 
 
Cd kcx|dgjsc kc cx{c n}{ghsdi c` dn |îjg`n 8
—Ogxac}fn`‖ cx cd {g{sdi kcd{}nmnbi c` cd hsnd Bia` O}ckkw anhn|{nki c` s` }c{}n{i c` mdn`hi w`cj}i n s` |cxhnki} n}{cxn`nd c`_ndc`hgn$ Cx|nþn. Xs i{ij}næn anxgki hif|n}nkn |i} cd bs}nki hi`cd {}nmnbi kcd i{øj}ni aò`jn}ikc dn Xcjs`kn Jsc}}n Fs`kgnd]imc}{ Hn|n$ |i} cxc ng}c kc`ix{ndjgn$ dn gf|chnmdc {çh`ghn w dnn{cf|i}ndgknk$ |scx cx s`n gfnjc`~sc |ski anmc} xgki hn|{nkn c`hsnd~sgc} ç|ihn.!
Hi`{g`òn |nj >>'
N}~sg{ch{iHidifmgn`ijn`nki} c`hi`hs}xi
kcoi{ij}noæn
@ix }cs`gfix i{}n vcr$ hifikcxkc anhc wn ; nþix$ kgc}c`{cxi}jn`grnhgi`cx n g`kgvgksix ~sc{}nmnbn` |i} s` fs`ki bsx{i s{gdgrn`kidn fc{ikidijæn kc dn `i vgidc`hgnnh{gvn. Cd o` kc xcfn`n kc Ih{sm}c; w 3 `ix }cs`gfix c` cd \}iwch{ihi`ihgki hifi —O}if Miwaiik{i Fn`aiik‖ kckghnki n }ckshg}dn vgidc`hgn c` dix bøvc`cx. BcxxghnNfx{c}knf anmdø kc cx{c |}iwch{i$Mc` Gx}ncd anmdø kc dn |}iwchhgø` kcFn}{g` Ds{ac} Eg`j c` cd fs`ki nh{snd!|i} cbcf|di$ ~sc xg` cxnx nhhgi`cx aiwMn}ne Imnfn `i |ik}æn {c`c} `g`js`n|ixgmgdgknk kc nx|g}n} n dn \}cxgkc`hgnkc CC SS$ kcxh}gmgfix i{}n |}iwch{ikc bøvc`cx c` Hnfmc}zcdd hi` cdn|iwi kcd Hc`{}i kc dnx Hsd{s}nx$ Kn`_gcx`ge |}cxc`{ø dn fn`gcx{nhgø` kcNdkc}fnx{i` cd =:)><)<1 i}jn`grnkn|i} [}gkc`{ \disjaxan}cx hi` cd n|iwikc H@K$ w Bi` Xzg`kc` |}cxc`{ø dnFn}han Fs`kgnd |i} dn \nr w dn @i_gidc`hgn i}jn`grnkn |i} Fs`ki Xg`Jsc}}nx w xg` _gidc`hgn G`{c}`nhgi`nd!
Hi`{g`òn |nj 7
'
Dix {}nmnbnki}cxdn{g`ix |cdcn`
|i} xsx kc}chaix
Kix j}s|ix kc {}nmnbnki}cxkcd xch{i} kc dn dgf|gcrn$ xc an`i}jn`grnki |n}n c`}c`{n}xc n dnxcf|}cxnx |n}n dnx ~sc {}nmnbn` c`nhhgø` hi`{}n dnx n}mg{}n}gcknkcxw nmsxix ~sc cx{nx an` ~sc}gkihifc{c}.
!
Hi`{g`òn |nj ;'
DN _IR KC DN HIFS@GKNK
 
Cd jimgc}`i hidifmgn`i c` hi`bs`{i hi` dn]cjgx{}nks}æn `nhgi`nd g`ghgn}i` s` |}ihcxi kc}c`ivnhgø` kc dnx hçksdnx kc hgsknkn`æn$ hi`cd hsnd xc }cf|dnrn}î` dnx hcksdnx n`{gjsnx kchidi} mdn`hi w hidi} hnç$ |i} s`n `scvn kchidi} nfn}gddi$ hi` aidij}nfnx kc xcjs}gknk.Cd |dnri |n}n }c`ivn} dn hçksdn |n}n n~scddix~sc ns` |i}{n` dn hçksdn n`{gjsn cx anx{nkghgcfm}c kc =<<7. Cx fsw gf|i}{n`{c ~sc dixhgsknkn`ix hidifmgn`ix }cxgkc`{cx c` cd }cg`is`gki }c`scvc` xs hcksdn$ wn ~sc xidi cd `scvii}fn{i xc}î vîdgki kcxkc > kc c`c}i kc =<><.Dn hcksdn n`{gjsn w dn hnç wn `i {c`k}î `g`js`nvndgkcr w |i} di {n`{i `i |ik}î` xc} nhc|{nknx|n}n `g`jò` {}îfg{cXg sx{ck `i an }c`ivnki xs hcksdn n`{gjsn|i} dn `scvn$ cx }chifc`knmdc ~sc anjn cd{}nfg{c di fnx |}i`{i |ixgmdc wn ~sc cd {gcf|i|n}n ~sc sx{ck }chgmn dn hcksdn `scvn {ifnc`{}c >= n >1 fcxcx.\n}n ~sc `i |gc}kn {gcf|i `g kg`c}i$ _irDn{g`n }chifgc`kn {ifn}xc dn i{ij}nænc` cd xg{gi }chifc`knki |i} cd Hi`xsdnkihidifmgn`i c` Di`k}cx.
\nxx|i}{ \ai{i Xc}vghc;;7 Iqoi}k X{}cc{Di`ki` Z>H =\XNd o}c`{c kcd ndfnhç` Xcdo}gkjcxzzz.|nxx|i}{|ai{i.hi.se ]c~sgxg{ix |n}n dn }c`ivnhgø` kc dn hçksdnkc hgsknkn`æn n`{gjsn i hnoç |i} dn `scvn2
" 8 i{ij}nænx }chgc`{cx n hidi}$ kc ;q3hc`{æfc{}ix$ kc }c`{c hi` i`ki mdn`hi w }i|nixhs}n. Cd {nfnþi kc dn hn}n kcmc xc} kc =.:hc`{æfc{}ix w kcmc anmc} fæ`gfi s` hc`{æfc{}ikc kgx{n`hgn c`{}c dn hnmcrn w cd mi}kc kc dni{ij}næn. Xg hn}chc kc |cdi i di {gc`c fsw hdn}icd i`ki kcmc xc} nrsd hdn}i." Hçksdn n`{c}gi}." Xnmc} c g`i}fn} cd j}s|i xn`jsæ`ciCx{c {}îfg{c `i {gc`c `g`jò` hix{i Dnx|c}xi`nx ~sc hnfmgc` xs Hçksdn kc Hgsknkn`ænn`{gjsn |i} dn `scvn hi`xc}vn` xs kihsfc`{i.\n}n fnwi} g`i}fnhgø` hi`xsd{c dnx |îjg`nx2zzz.}cjgx{}nks}gn.jiv.hi W zzz.hi`xsdnkikchidifmgn.hi.se Hi` g`i}fnhgø` kc dn ]cjgx{}nks}æn Hidifmgn`nw cd hi`xsdnki hidifmgn`i c` Di`k}cx
Cd fòxghi hsmn`i Ifn} \sc`{c xcc`hsc`{}n c` s` hi`{}ivc}xgnd |}ihcxi c`cd [}gms`nd Xs|}cfi kc Di`k}cx fckgn`{ccd hsnd cx|c}n cx{nmdchc} xg xc}î bsrjnkii `i |i} dn Bsx{ghgn m}g{î`ghn c` hnxi kcnwskn} n xs cx|ixn Kcmmgc \s}kw$ ~sgc`xs}c kc cxhdc}ixgx fòd{g|dc$ n xifc{c}xc ndn cs{n`nxgn c` dn hdæ`ghn Kgj`g{nx kc Xsgrn.Kcmmgc \s}kw |nkchc kc cx{n c`c}fcknkkcxkc >773$ xi|i}{n`ki kcxkc c`{i`hcxdix g`{c`xix kidi}cx ~sc cx{n hi`ddcvn w xg`dn cx|c}n`rn kc ndjs`n hs}n$ |scx cx s`nc`c}fcknk kcjc`c}n{gvn. Cddn ns` hi`xc}vnxsx nhsd{nkcx fc`{ndcx g`{nh{nx |c}i xsfi{}ghgknk w fivgdgknk an xgki nch{nkn.Kcx|sçx kc {ifn} dn kchgxgø` kcxifc{c}xc n dn cs{n`nxgn$ cddn xidi ~sgc}ccx{n} xcjs}n kc ~sc xs cx|ixi `i xc}î|c}xcjsgki `g bsrjnki hsn`ki çd }cj}cxcnd ]cg`i S`gki$ ki`kc cd xsghgkgi nxgx{gkicx{î {g|gghnki hifi s`kcdg{i w {gc`c s`n |c`nkc >; nþix5 g`hdsxi |n}ndix fçkghix ~sc nxgx{n`n |nhgc`{cx {c}fg`ndcx.—^sc}cfix xnmc} xg ddcvn}dn nd nc}i|sc}{i$nhif|nþn}dn anx{n nddî$ hif|}n} s`midc{i |sckc xc} hi`xgkc}nki s` kcdg{i.¹^sç |sckc xc}vg} |n}n ~sc ndjsgc` xcn|}ihcxnki9‖ fn`gcx{ø \sc`{cx.\sc`{cx cx s` {ndc`{ixi vgidg`gx{n ~sgc`xc kcxcf|cþn {nfmgç` hifi |}icxi} kcdHidcjgi kc Fòxghn kc Dcckx w kcd Hidcjgi [}g`g{w kc Fòxghn kc Di`k}cx.
Nh{sndgknk
Hidifmgn`n }chgmc cd |}gfc} {}n`x|dn`{c hi`ø}jn`ix kcxn}}iddnkix c` cd dnmi}n{i}gi
\}cxc`{nfix n {ikn `scx{}n nskgc`hgncd Xcjs`ki cbcf|dn} kc `scx{}i |c}gøkghi.Hi`{}n vgc`{i w fn}cn$ c`}c`{n`ki fshaiximx{îhsdix acfix xnhnki nkcdn`{c cx{c|}iwch{i$ ~sc cx n dn vcr cd |}iwch{i kc {ikix.^sc}cfix nj}nkchc} n {ikix n~scddix ~scan` ~sc}gki |n}{ghg|n} w ~sc `ix an` c`vgnkixsx n}{æhsdix5 {nfmgç` n {ikix n~scddix ~sc `ixan` c`vgnki fc`xnbcx kc xgf|n{æn w n|iwi$ cxs` fi{gvi kc i}jsddi xc} |n}{c kc dn hifs`gknkw s` g`hc`{gvi |n}n xcjsg} nkcdn`{c.Cx{nmdchc} s` `scvi fckgi kchifs`ghnhgø` cx {ikn s`n dnmi} ~sgbi{cxhn$anw fshanx nfc`nrnx w imx{îhsdix$ xim}c{iki hi` dn hiws`{s}n nh{snd$ |i} cxicx{nfix g`fc`xnfc`{c nj}nkchgkix hi` dixn`s`hgn`{cx ~sc an` h}cæki c` `ixi{}ix w c``scx{}i |}iwch{i$ ~sc `ix an` m}g`knki xsn|iwi |n}n fn`{c`c}di vgvi.Fîx nddî kc xc} s` fckgi kc hifs`ghnhgø`dgfg{nki xidi n |smdghn} `i{ghgnx$ _ir Dn{g`n|}c{c`kc xc} s`n `scvn nd{c}`n{gvn fnxc`ihnkn n dn hifs`gknk$ n xsx |}imdcfî{ghnx$n xsx vndi}cx. \c`xn`ki c` {ikix n~scddix ~sckchgkgc}i` kcbn} xs |næx w anhc} xsx vgknx c`cd ]cg`i S`gki$ {ikix {c`cfix ndji ~sc `ixs`c$ cd i}jsddi kc xc} dn{g`infc}ghn`ix5 {ikixxifix gjsndcx$ {ikix xifix ac}fn`ix$ {ikixcx{nfix n~sæ$ ~sgrîx |i} kgc}c`{cx }nri`cx$|c}i n}i`{n`ki cd }c{i kc vgvg} c` s`n hsd{s}nkgx{g`{n n dn `scx{}n.
_ir Dn{g`n
cx cd hn`nd kc hifs`ghnhgø` kc{ikix `ixi{}ix$ nmgc}{i n {iknx dnx cq|}cxgi`cx.Dn _ir xgjsc vgvn w hi` fîx sc}rnx.
Ckg{i}gnd
®Dn _ir xgjsc _G_N.
\îjg`n =
Hi` j}n` çqg{i hg}sbn`ix cx|nþidcx an`}cndgrnki cd |}gfc} {}n`x|dn`{c kc {}î~scn hi`s`n g``ivnki}n {çh`ghn fckgn`{c dn hsnd sxn}i`dnx hçdsdnx fnk}c kc dn |nhgc`{c |n}n kcxn}}iddn}s` `scvi ø}jn`i c` s` dnmi}n{i}gi.Dn hidifmgn`n Hdnskgn Hnx{gddi kc 8< nþixkc cknk$ ~sgc` anmæn xgki kgnj`ix{ghnkn hi`{smc}hsdixgx c` s` cx{nki fsw nvn`rnki$ sc dn|}gfc}n |nhgc`{c c` cd fs`ki c` xc} xifc{gkn ncx{c {g|i kc |}ihckgfgc`{i.Cd fckghi \nidi Fnhhagn}g`g$ cx|chgndgx{nc` hg}sjæn {i}îhghn kcd Aix|g{nd Hdæ`ghi kcMn}hcdi`n$ kg}gjgø dn g`vcx{gjnhgø` w cd kcxn}}iddikc cx{c |}ihckgfgc`{i$ hi`{n`ki hi` cd nvnd kcdix hifg{çx kc ç{ghn. Hçdsdnx fnk}c kc dn |nhgc`{csc}i` {ifnknx w dscji gf|dn`{nknx c` s`n{}î~scn {ifnkn kc s`n |nhgc`{c ~sc }chgç` anmænnddchgki s{gdgrn`ki s` mgi}}cnh{i} kcxn}}iddnkicx|chgndfc`{c |n}n cddi. Kc cx{n i}fn$ cdø}jn`i cx hidi`grnki |i} dnx hçdsdnx kc dn s{s}n}chc|{i}n. Cx{i |c}fg{gø cvg{n} cd {}n{nfgc`{ivg{ndghgi hi`{}n cd }chanri kcd ø}jn`i gf|dn`{nki.Kgcr kænx kcx|sçx kcd {}nx|dn`{c$ Hdnskgn scknkn kc nd{n c` cd aix|g{nd w nai}n ddcvn s`nvgkn `i}fnd w jirn kc msc`n xndsk. Cx{c |}gfc}|}ihckgfgc`{i dc nm}c dn |sc}{n n fshanx|ixgmgdgknkcx kc xndvn} dn vgkn kc fshaix i{}ix|nhgc`{cx. \i} nai}n dix fçkghix w hgc`{æohix}cndgrn` s` xcjsgfgc`{i kc dix }cxsd{nkix.
Hdnskgn Hnx{gddi xs|c}ø dn {smc}hsdixgx ~sc dn nch{nmn kcx|sçxkcd {}n`x|dn`{c$ nai}n {gc`c jirn kc s`n |c}ch{n xndsk
 
Hi` fshai }cx|c{i anhgn dn nfgdgn Ms}jix&_gddi{n$}c|}ikshgfix n hi`{g`snhgø` dn c`{}cvgx{n }cndgrnknn Hn}fc` _gddi{n |i} cd c~sg|i kc _ir Dn{g`n.\n}n {ikn dn hifs`gknk dn{g`n sc s` achaikc j}n` gf|nh{i cd nxcxg`n{i kc dn xcþi}n Jdi}gnMs}jix$ ihs}}gki cd |nxnki >3 kc xc|{gcfm}c.Jdi}gn }cxgkæn c` Di`k}cx kcxkc anhc >: nþixw nkfg`gx{}nmn = }cx{ns}n`{cx c` cd hc`{}i kckc dn hgsknk. S`n {}nmnbnki}n g`hn`xnmdc w s`kgj`i cbcf|di |n}n {ikix `ixi{}ix.Hifi fgcfm}ix kc dn hifs`gknk$ cx{c {g|i kcachaix `ix nch{n` w `ix kscdc`$ ns` xg` anmc}hi`ihgki c` |c}xi`n n dn vgh{gfn. N~sæ {ikixcx{nfix kcd fgxfi dnki$ s`gkix hifi ac}fn`ixdn{g`infc}ghn`ix$ c` dn fgxfn dshan w kî`ki`ixdn fn`i c` dix fifc`{ix kgæhgdcx. ]cx|c{nfixw nhif|nþnfix n dn nfgdgn c` xs |c`n.
&¹Hsîdcx an` xgki dnx }cocqgi`cx c` xs nfgdgnkcx|sçx kc dn fsc}{c kc xs ac}fn`n9Hn}fc` _gddi{n2
 Fg ac}fn`n |nxøj}n` |n}{c kc xs vgknn~sæ w |nxø fshai{gcf|i kckghnkn n xsx}cx{ns}n`{cx$ cddn vgvænhc}hn kc dix `cjihgix$nxæ ~sc xc dn |nxnmn kcdn hnxn nd {}nmnbi w kcd{}nmnbi n dn hnxn$ w nxæ scks}n`{c fshaix nþix.Xs fsc}{c `ix anachai }ccqgi`n}xim}c fshanx hixnx ndg`{c}gi} kc dn nfgdgn$cx|chgndfc`{c xim}chifi fn`cbn} `scx{}nxvgknx5 w xim}c i{}nxhixnx fîx fn{c}gndcxw kc cx{n} |}cvc`gkixxim}c xg{snhgi`cx~sc xc |sckc` kn}.\i} cbcf|di$ cddn nþi}nmn }cj}cxn} n Hidifmgnnd {c}fg`n} dn dgx{n kc xs `cjihgi w s`kn} c`xs o`hn s`n mgmdgi{chn |n}n dnx |c}xi`nx kcmnbix }chs}xix. Dnfc`{nmdcfc`{c cddn `i|ski hsf|dg} cx{c xscþi |i} xg fgxfn$ |c}i xsvids`{nk cx{î |}cxc`{c c` dn nfgdgn w di vnfix nanhc} s`n }cndgknk c` xs ai`i}.
&¹^sç |nxø hi` dix `cjihgix kc dix hsndcxxs ac}fn`n c}n |}i|gc{n}gn9H_2
N }nær kc dn fsc}{c kc Jdi}gn xc an|smdghnki dn `i{ghgn kcd hgc}}c kcd `cjihgikc Mc}kfi`xcw c g`i}fnhgi`cx ~sc ns` `ixc kcmc` kgs`kg} i ~sc xi` fsw |}gvnknx|n}n dn nfgdgn w dn |idghæn c` cd |}ihcxikc g`vcx{gjnhgø` ~sc xc cx{î nkcdn`{n`ki.Cd }cx{ns}n`{c kc Mc}kfi`xcw$ c` cch{i xg$ schc}}nki |i} dn |idghæn fgc`{}nx cddix }cndgrn}i`|}scmnx i}c`xcx. Cd i{}i }cx{ns}n`{c schc}}nki = xcfn`nx kcx|sçx kc dn fsc}{c kcJdi}gn$ |c}i cx kcmgki n s` |}ihckgfgc`{i kcdcw$ `i sc s` hgc}}c n}mg{}n}gi.Xcjò` dn dcw$ nd fi}g} cd}c|}cxc`{n`{c ~sc an o}fnkis` hi`{}n{i$ dn ò`ghn |c}xi`n~sc |sckc kn}dc hi`{g`sgknknd fgxfi cx cd hø`wsjc$ fîx`i dix nfgdgn}cx i agbix5 cx{ncx dn }nrø` |i} dn hsnd xc kgi cd hgc}}c kc dix`cjihgix$ |scx fg ac}fn`n cx{nmn xc|n}nkn. [iki cx{î kc`{}i kc s` kcmgki |}ihcxi dcjndhi` dix }c|}cxc`{n`{cx kcd Dn`kdi}k w kc`scx{}n |n}{c {c`cfix n nmijnkix g`jdcxcx}c|}cxc`{î`ki`ix |n}n fckgn} c` cx{c hnxi$|n}n ~sc |i} di fc`ix xc `ix |c}fg{n }c{g}n}kcd dihnd dix cch{ix |c}xi`ndcx ~sc fg ac}fn`nkcbø nddæ w |ixgmdcfc`{c }c`cjihgn} dn dgx{n.
&¹Høfi an xgki cd n|iwi }chgmgki |i} |n}{ckc dn |idghæn w cd jimgc}`i m}g{î`ghi9H_2
Dn |idghæn an xgki fsw xidgkn}gn hi``ixi{}ix$ kcxkc cd |}gfc} fifc`{i n {}nvçx kcdkc|n}{nfc`{i H}iz` \}ixchs{gi` Xc}vghc $ H\X.Cddix an` xcjsgki |nxi |i} |nxi cd |}ihcxi$ cx{î`njgdgrn`ki dn c`{}cjn kcd hsc}|i |n}n |ikc} nxæ }cndgrn} dix xc}vghgix s`c}n}gix. @ixi{}ix xifixhi`xhgc`{cx kc ~sc dn g`vcx{gjnhgø` xgjsc s` hs}xicd hsnd o`ndgrn c` bs`gi hsn`ki xc kgh{c dn xc`{c`hgn.Acfix }chgmgki fshai n|iwi kc dn |idghæn$hidnmi}nhgø` kc dn nfgdgn w {cx{gjix ~sc anxgki kc nwskn |n}n njgdgrn} cd |}ihcxi. Cx{nfixfsw nj}nkchgkix |scx acfix }chgmgki cd fcbi}xi|i}{c$ kc achai {nfmgç` `ix an` i}chgkinhif|nþnfgc`{i c` cd |}ihcxi |xghidøjghi wcfihgi`nd kc `scx{}n |ç}kgkn$ |c}i c` `g`jò`fifc`{i `ix acfix xc`{gki kgxh}gfg`nkix.Cx|c}nfix ~sc dn dcw xcn bsx{n w ~sc xc n|dg~sckc fn`c}n cx{}gh{n hi` dn |c}xi`n ~sc hifc{gøcd h}gfc`. Anx{n nai}n anw s` hgsknkn`i kc dnhifs`gknk cs}i|cn kc{c`gki$ anw |}scmnxfsw sc}{cx c` xs hi`{}n ~sc di xcþndn` hifi cdnxcxg`i$ |c}i `i an xgki bsrjnki nò`.
&¹Høfi an` |c}hgmgki dnx fn`gcx{nhgi`cxkc n|iwi |i} |n}{c kc dn hifs`gknk dn{g`nc` Di`k}cx9H_2
Cx{nfix {i{ndfc`{c nj}nkchgkix hi`dnx fn`gcx{nhgi`cx kc dix nfgjix w nddcjnkixc` xidgkn}gknk anhgn dn nfgdgn |i} cx{c achai.Fshanx j}nhgnx n {iknx dnx |c}xi`nx ~sckcbn}i` }nfix kc i}cx w `i{nx kc n|iwi c`cd }cx{ns}n`{c$ dn nfgdgn ns` dnx hi`xc}vn hi`fshai n|}chgi.Nj}nkchcfix fshai n dn xcþi}n Jnmw w n xscx|ixi |i} dn fgxn ~sc i}chgø |i} fg ac}fn`nw |i} {iki cd j}n` xi|i}{c ~sc `ix an knki.@ix acfix knki hsc`{n kc ~sc {c`cfixfshaix nfgjix ~sc `ix cx{gfn`$ ~sc xi` hifi`scx{}ix ac}fn`ix.C` hsn`{i n dix fckgix kc hifs`ghnhgø`n ndjs`ix dcx |gki fîx |}skc`hgn w }cx|c{ianhgn `scx{}i kidi} w cx{c ks}i fifc`{i. Acdcæki kc hi`vihn{i}gnx achanx n `ifm}c kc di~sc dc xshckgø n fg ac}fn`n ~sc `i an` xgkihi`xsd{nknx hi` `ixi{}ix. Xc an |smdghnkig`i}fnhgø` xsfg`gx{}nkn |i} {c}hc}ix$ hc}hn`ixn `ixi{}ix i |i} |c}xi`nx ~sc {}nmnbnmn` hi`fg ac}fn`n$ |c}i cddix `i an` xgki ns{i}grnkix|n}n anmdn} w cx{î` hifc`{n`ki nhc}hn kc hixnx~sc ns` `i xc |sckc` fc`hgi`n} c` dix fckgixw hi` ndjs`nx gf|}chgxgi`cx.N {ikix dcx nj}nkchcfix dnx i}nhgi`cx wfn`gcx{nhgi`cx kc n|iwi ~sc |sckn` anhc}anhgn dn nfgdgn |n}n ~sc xgjn nkcdn`{c. Xifixs`n nfgdgn xc`hgddn w {}n`~sgdn$ `i cx{nfixmsxhn`ki |}i{nji`gxfi n }nær kc di ~sc `ixxshckgø `g }cxidvc} dnx hixnx hi` cxhî`kndix.^sc}cfix xcjsg} cd kcmgki |}ihcxi hifi kcmckc xc} w n {}nvçx kc dn bsx{ghgn.Dn vc}knk s`i `s`hn cx|c}n |nxn} |i} s`nxg{snhgø` {n` {}îjghn c` s` |næx hifi cx{c$ kcachai c` `g`js`n |n}{c.
&¹Høfi xc xg`{gc}i` c` cd {}gms{i n dnfcfi}gn kc xs ac}fn`n }cndgrnki c` dnCxhscdn Cxi}nd9H_2
Cd aifc`nbc sc {ikn s`n xi}|}cxn. @icx|c}nmn ~sc dn hifs`gknk dn{g`n cx{svgc}ns`gkn c` cd kidi} kc dn nfgdgn |i} dn |ç}kgkn kcs`n ac}fn`n w fnk}c.^sgc}i }cxnd{n} cd |icfn cxh}g{i |i} N`hgrn}Fi}ndcx$ sc fsw cfi{gvi$ nd gjsnd ~sc {ikn dnhc}cfi`gn$ dnx hn`hgi`cx$ dn |}cxc`hgn kc dix `gþixw cd fg`s{i kc xgdc`hgi. \gc`xi ~sc fg ac}fn`nxc kcmgø anmc} xc`{gki fsw hi`{c`{n$ |i}~scfshaix kc dix ~sc cx{nmn` naæ `i dn hi`ihæn`w ns` nxæ cx{svgc}i` |}cxc`{cx c` cd aifc`nbc.Hsn`ki s` hif|n{}gi{n fsc}c {n` {}îjghnfc`{cdi xc`{gfix kc fn`c}n |}i|gn$ fshanx |c}xi`nxcx{svgc}i` xi}|}c`kgknx |i} cd achai$ dcx {ihøxg` xc} kc nfgdgn w xg` xg~sgc}n hi`ihc} n Jdi}gn.Cx{iw fsw i}jsddixn kc {c`c} nfgjix hifisx{ckcx w fsw nj}nkchgkn |i} cd aifc`nbc whi` {ikix dix nxgx{c`{cx nd fgxfi. J}nhgnx n _irDn{g`n w n Cxi}nd.
Hifs`gknk
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 Cd \}cxgkc`{c kc Midgvgn Cvi Fi}ndcx$ c`vgø ndn S`gø` Cs}i|cn s`n hn}{n hn}jnkn kc }nrø`$ bsx{ghgn w kgj`gknk ~sc c` ndjs`ix kc xsxn|n}{cx kghc2—Anx{n o`ndcx kc dn Xcjs`kn Jsc}}n Fs`kgnd$Cs}i|n sc s` hi`{g`c`{c kc cfgj}n`{cx. Kchc`nxkc fgddi`cx kc cs}i|cix |n}{gc}i` n dnx Nfç}ghnx|n}n hidi`grn}$ cxhn|n} kc dnx anfm}s`nx$ dnx h}gxgxo`n`hgc}nx$ dnx jsc}}nx i kc dix {i{ndg{n}gxfixcs}i|cix w kc dn |c}xchshgø` n fg`i}ænx ç{`ghnx‖Dix cs}i|cix ddcjn}i` n dix |næxcxdn{g`infc}ghn`ix$ xg` vgxnx `g hi`kghgi`cxgf|scx{nx |i} dnx ns{i}gknkcx. Osc}i` xgcf|}cmgc`vc`gkix w di xgjsc` xgc`ki c` dix |næxcxdn{g`infc}ghn`ix$ ~sc nmxi}mgc}i` c`{i`hcx dnfgxc}gn chi`øfghn cs}i|cn w xsx h}gxgx |idæ{ghnx.Dix cs}i|cix ddcjn}i` n Dn{g`infç}ghn n cq|di{n}xsx }g~scrnx w n{}n`xc}g}dnx n Cs}i|n.Aiw dix g`fgj}n`{cx~sc ddcjn` c` msxhnkc s` xscþi$ xcc`hsc`{}n` hi` s`n{c}}gmdc |cxnkgddn$ kcxkcdix CC.SS. ~sc {gc`cfç{ikix kc cq|sdxgø`vgidc`{n$ g`hdswc`kifn{n} n dix —gdcjndcx‖w dcvn`{n} s` fs}ic` xs dn}jn }i`{c}nhi`{g`c`{nd$ anx{n dnSC$ ~sc kcxkc anhcvn}gix nþix hifc`røs`n hnf|nþn c`hi`{}n kc dn ddcjnknkc fgj}n`{cx |im}cx$anx{n hif|dc{n} xs|idæ{ghn hi` dn }chgc`{cdcw kc —kg}ch{gvn kc}c{i}`i‖$ `i hnmc kskn ~sc cx{c xscþi xc}îhnkn vcr fnx vgidc`{i.Hnkn s`i kc dix g`fgj}n`{cx ~sc ddcjn cxhi`kc{}njckgnx$ cx{î` n~sæ |i}~sc ~sgc}c` xim}cvgvg}$nwskn} n xsx nfgdgnx$ n xs|c}n}xc |c}xi`nd wchi`øfghnfc`{c$ n |}ij}cxn} c` cx{c fs`kihn|g{ndgx{n w hi`xsfgx{n. An` ddcjnki$ w xc an`gki g`x{ndn`ki hifi cf|dcnkix i cf|dcnknxkifçx{ghix$ c` dn dgf|gcrn$ c` dix }cx{ns}n`{cx$c` dn hi`x{}shhgø`$ c` cd {}n`x|i}{c |òmdghi$c` dn îm}ghn$ c` cd hifc}hgi$ c{h.$ |ihi n |ihian` gki hi`x{}swc`ki s`n vgkn c` cx{ix |næxcxcq{}nþix w kcd ~sc kc |}i`{i aiw dcx n`s`hgn`~sc xc}î` cq|sdxnkix.Aiw c` dnx hnddcx xc xgc`{c cd fgcki$ fgdcx kcaifm}cx w fsbc}cx dn{g`infc}ghn`Lx$ n}ghn`Lx$nxgî{ghLx w kc i{}nx }cjgi`cx kcd fs`ki {gc`c`dn xc`xnhgø` ~sc anw fgdcx kc ibix |scx{ixxim}c cddix. [cfc` ~sc dn fn`i kc s` |idghæn dixkc{c`jn. Dn |ixgmgdgknk kc ~sckn} xg` {}nmnbi. Cd{cfi}$ dn fîx asfgddn`{c kc dnx xc`xnhgi`cx$ anhifc`rnki n cx|n}hg}xc |i} cd —fs`ki gdcjnd‖kc dn g`fgj}nhgø` n di dn}ji w n`hai kc Cs}i|n.
Dnx xndgknx
C` cx{ix fifc`{ix cx kgæhgd anmdn} kcxidshgi`cx. \i} cbcf|di kchg} kc s`n |ixgmdcdcjndgrnhgø` kcd cfgj}n`{c$ cx kcxhi`ihc} dn}nær fgxfn kcd |}imdcfn. [ikn dn cx{}sh{s}nnkfg`gx{}n{gvn kc dix |næxcx cs}i|cix cx{îi}jn`grnkn |n}n gf|ckg}di. Cx xgf|dc2 s`cfgj}n`{c dcjnd {gc`c kc}chaix w$ |i} {n`{i$kcmc xc} cf|dcnki c` dnx fgxfnx hi`kghgi`cx~sc cd `n{s}nd kcd |næx. Cd cf|}cxn}gi$ j}n`kci |c~scþi$ wn `i —dc kn}î {}nmnbi cvc`{snd‖${c`k}î ~sc kn}dc s` {}nmnbi hi` hi`{}n{i w hi`{iknx dn jn}n`{ænx kcd hnxi. Hixn kgæhgd c` dixnh{sndcx fifc`{ix.S`n |ixgmdc xidshgø` xc}æn ~sc dix |næxcx kcd{c}hc} fs`ki c` mdi~sc g`{c}vc`jn` hi` dnS`gø` Cs}i|cn$ |n}n cx{nmdchc} fchn`gxfixkc {idc}n`hgn w ~sc$ xim}c {iki$ }chs|c}c dnkgj`gknk kc dnx |c}xi`nx$ |c}fg{g} cd {}nmnbi~sc }cndgrn` nh{sndfc`{c$ hi` hi`kghgi`cxfæ`gfnx kc xcjs}gknk$ {n`{i c` dn |n}{c dnmi}ndhifi |c}xi`nd !ckshnhgø`$ xndsk$ }ch}cnhgø`$nhifiknhgø`$ c{h'.Cs}i|n {gc`c s`n j}n` }cx|i`xnmgdgknk hi`dix cfgj}n`{cx$ hi` cx{ix aifm}cx w fsbc}cx$~sc hi` xs {}nmnbi fnd |nji$ vgvgc`ki c`xg{snhgi`cx kgæhgdcx$ an` nwsknki n dn j}n`|}ix|c}gknk ~sc }cg`n c` cd fs`ki cs}i|cinh{sndfc`{c. @I ANHC]DI XC]GN DN CS]I\NKC DN G@ONFGN
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