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XEHHOHOH
2004
1
Hsame:cmeo Xe:uono: 6:aeoapu na e-n 3paeko (acka-
:oe, cponuk na -p Ianuo Henoe, komo nu npeocmaeu nzpeo-
mo opueuna:no usanue om 1937 eouna.
Hacmonuomo usanue, neneauo ce kamo mpemo usanue
na knueama, nzpeo - 1937 eo., emopo - 1998 eo., e ezs ocnoea
na opueuna:nomo usanue om 1937 eouna. Bk:muea ocnoenama
knuea ,Kpoeamoea Bz:eapun, ,Hokpzcmeanemo na 6z:eapu-
me u ,Bz:eapckama ucmopun e na-noea Bz:eapun u o6ae-
kama kz+ nen cnope -p Ianuo Henoe ,Hpokonoeume xynu u
Teoanoeume 6z:eapu - mypuu u:u c:aennu ocnoeaxa
6z:eapckama zpxaea. (o6aekama e :uuemo ,Hpokonoeume
xynu u Teoanoeu 6z:eapu, e om usanuemo 1938 eouna.
B nacmonuomo usanue ce czzpxam c:enume ocnoenu
npouseeenun na -p Ianuo Henoe.
1. Kpoeamoea Bo:eapun
2. Horpocmeauemo ua o:eapume
J. Bo:eapcrama ucmopun e ua-uoea Bo:eapun
4. Hporonoeume xyuu u 1eoqauoeu o:eapu
Hanea+e ce, ue c:e pyeomo yna+enma:no npouseee-
nue na -p Ianuo Henoe ,Hpousxo u ucmopun na 6z:eapume,
nacmonuomo usanue ue e:ese ceo6ono e usyuaeanemo na uc-
mopun e 6z:eapckomo yuu:uue u ynueepcumemu.
Be:exka om usame:cmeo Xe:uono:
Konaxona B+rann n nok+cxnanexo na +ranxe
Tpe1o nsanne
(Hrpno nsanne, 1937, B1opo nsanne, 1998)
-p Ianno Henon, an1op
Xenono, 2004
3panko ackaon, koncy1an1
ISBN 954-578-160-2
2
HPEIOBOP
-P IAHHO HEHOB OTKPHBATEHB
HA HCTHHCKATA BTHIAPCKA HCTOPHB
Ce xnororonmnn npoynnannx na opnrnnann nc1opn-
neckn nsnopn sa rrapcka1a nc1opnx n cekpe1nnx apxnn na Ba-
1nkana n pyrn enponeckn xpannnma na pennn okyxen1n n
ce npeocxncen nponn1 n opnrnna na crnnnennx1a na pen-
nn1e an1opn, -p Ianno Henon ka1o nnko o1 crnpexennn1e r-
rapckn1e nc1opnnn, naeekn c1apoenpeckn, c1aporprnkn, a-
1nnckn n nxkoko sanann esnka, yc1anonn:
Brrapn1e ca 1pakn c1apn nocennnn na Bakancknx
noyoc1pon
Brrapn1e ca crsan ena o1 na-pennn1e nnnnnsannn
Brrapn1e ca nrpnn1e xpnc1nxnn n Enpona. Hokprc1enn
ca o1 anoc1on1e Hane n Anpe, n npes 864 ro. Bcrmnoc1
nxxa nokprc1nane, a o1kasnane o1 rrapcko1o epe1nnec1no.
Krcnn nocennnn no namn1e sexn ca canxnn1e, omn o1
cenep xnnanakn ynana npn rrapn1e.
Ce n1opnx cn 1py ,Hpao1enec1no1o n npaesnkr1 na
rrapn1e o1 1907 ro., -p Ianno Henon nsae npes 1910 ro.
kann1annx cn 1py ,Hponsxor1 na rrapn1e n nanao na
rrapcka1a rpxana n rrapcka1a nrpkna. C nex 1o
npeopasn rrapcka1a nc1opnx, pasn nenxpna1a 1eopnx na
Hpenek n xo xy Baapak, ne rrapn1e ca 1ypannn n krcnn
nocennnn na Bakancknx noyoc1pon, kox1o npo. 3a1apckn n
ynennnn1e xy npenrpnaxa n orxa.
Tpyr1 na -p Ianno Henon nxec1o c oopenne, e
nocpemna1 c oc1po nenrsrpxano o1pnnanne. Kpn1nnn1e xy
koern nxec1o a cnopx1 c nero naynno, ro ,oopnaxa npes
onn, oxnxnakn 1pya xy sa ,nenaynen!? H kak1o 1o cn
cnoxnx c ropnnnnna: ,Kpn1nkynaxa xe ne no crrpxanne, ne
samo1o noconenn1e o1 xen annn ca nenepnn, a samo1o crx n
na1pno1. opn rrapckn akaexnk, ko1o ne eme n nc1opnk,
a esnkone nannca, ne -p Ianno Henon e ,aren1 na rrapcko1o
noenno xnnnc1epc1no. Ha koro n cyxn 1ona ynoxena1o
5
xnnnc1epc1no, a nepox1no caxnx1 akaexnk e n nonek na
nyxo noenno xnnnc1epc1no?
Macono1o esoreno o1pnnane ne cxy1n roexnx ynen n
nc1opnk. To nporxn ome no-ynopn1o ece1kn ronnn a
nscena nponsxoa na rrapn1e, nokprc1nane1o nx n c1apa1a
nn nc1opnx, n a oy1onnxna nosnnnn1e cn. Hpey1nrpn rn ome
no-oocnonano. Benen na 1asn xy pao1a e nsesnx npes 1937
ro. n1opn kann1aen 1py ,KPOBATOBA BTHIAPHZ H
HOKPTCTBAHETO HA BTHIAPHTE. Bcrmnoc1 1ona e 1ox
n1opn na ,Hponsxo na rrapn1e n opasynane na rrapcka1a
rpxana n rrapcka1a nrpkna.
-p Ianno Henon nrsnpne nxpna1a noc1anonka na roexnx
nam nc1opnk npo. Mapnn pnnon, ne na Bakancknx noyoc1-
pon e nxao enonpexenno ne rrapckn rpxann ena1a no-
krcna, no caxoc1ox1ena Acnapyxona1a, n pyra no c1apa e-
epa1 na Bnsan1nx crc c1onna Coyn. H crmo 1aka, ne nsnrn
ne1e e nxao rrapckn sexn n nemna Tpaknx nkmnn1eno
Opnncka, kon1o ca nn no npxko nnsan1ncko nannec1no. H
ome, ne nnsan1nckn1e nxnepa1opn Kc1nn n nexennnka xy
Kc1ennan Benkn ca rrapn, poox o1 c. Bnpnana, Kmc1en-
ncko nn Hnmko. -p Henon e ka1eropnnen, ne nonn1e, kon1o
nox1 kan Acnapyx n na-xaknx xy pa1 Kyep c Bnsan1nx, ne
ca sa ocnonanane na rrapcka rpxana na Bakancknx noyoc-
1pon, a sa pasmnpenne na crmec1nynama1a rrapcka rpxana n
sexn1e na nemna Vkpana, koe1o nnponex n akaexnk Hnan
ynen ka1eropnnno npnexa pasrexakn Hxennnka na rrap-
ckn1e kanone. He 1esn nonn ca enonpexenno sa ocnooxanane
na rrapckn1e sexn na Bakann1e o1 nnsan1nckn nannec1no,
na nrpno xxc1o, npncrennxnane na nacana1a Coyncka Br-
rapnx krx cnoona1a Acnapyxona.
Ce ,Kpona1ona Brrapnx n nokprc1nane1o na rrapn1e
-p Henon nporxn nscenannx1a cn n npes 1938 ro. nsae
saeexn1enn1e: ,Haponoc11a na c1apn1e xakeonnn n
,Hpokononn1e xynn n Teoanonn rrapn. Hpes 1940 ro.
nocena: ,Xynn1e, kon1o ocnonaxa rrapcka1a rpxana,
1exnnx nponsxo n 1xxno1o xpnc1nxnc1no. Omo 22 ca
nc1opnneckn1e 1pyone na -p Ianno Henon, o1 kon1o mec1
nanncann na nexckn n nsaenn n Bepnn n Hannnr.
Hskmnn1eno roexn1e ycnexn na rrapcka1a 1pakoornx
naneo c npo. -p Aekcanrp o n na apxeoornx1a nn o1 50-
1e ronnn na xnnanx nek o namn nn, nkmnn1eno
6
o1kpn1nx1a na roexnx nam apxeoor onen1 -p Ieoprn Kn1on
n onna1a na nape1e Kasanrmko, na 12-1e rponnnn xpaxone,
nkmnn1eno nocena1a kpa rp. Bnnka, na 1pakncknx nap Te-
pec III, C1apoce n Aekcanpono n 1esn na npo. Aekcanrp
Onnapon n Krpxancko, na-nene n Hepnepnkon ne caxo nop-
nonnx koxnekc, no n cne1nnma1a na nonncn n Ope, ka1e-
ropnnno no1nrpnxa noc1anonka1a na -p Ianno Henon. Tona ro
yc1anonn n apxeoorr1 He1rp e1en, paskona n npoynn na 500
npenc1opnneckn n 1paknckn naxe1nnnn. Hape c nero akae-
xnk Banxnp Ieoprnen c eexn1nx cn 1py ,Tpakn1e n 1xxnnx
esnk yc1anonn, ne 1pakncknx1 n rrapcknx1 esnk ca nsrpaenn
nrpxy oma ocnona ka1o xopoornx, one1nka n conoopa-
synane. Eno n crmo e opxnpane1o na nnnn1e n axnnn1e
nxena na 1pakn1e n rrapn1e. Tona ro okasa crmo nen kopec-
nonen1r1 Becenn Bemenen c 1pya cn ,Hpoynnannx nrpxy
nnnn1e nxena na 1pakn1e. Hpo. Enrenn Toopon c nsce-
nane1o cn ,penno1pakncko1o nacec1no n rrapcknx o-
kop, penensnpano o1 akaexnnn1e He1rp nnekon n Banxnp
Ieoprnen, yc1anonn, ne ymennoc11a, 1pannnn1e n onnan1e na
1pakn n rrapn n ocera ca enn n crmn. Crmo1o ce okasa n c
knnra1a: ,Tpakncka1a A1an1na n nocenan1e ome 1pn
knnrn na He1rp e1en n cnna xy Hopan e1en, kak1o n na Hop-
an Konc1an1nnon c knnra1a xy ,Mennnna1a na 1pakn1e, o1
kox1o ce nnxa, ne 1pakncka1a n rrapcka1a napona
xennnna, ca nopasn1eno enaknn.
C ,Konaxona B+rann n nok+cxnanexo na +ranxe, -
Ianno Henon okonnaxeno ycxanonn ncxnnaxa sa nonsxoa na
+ranxe, oasynanexo na +rackaxa +mana n nan-nene
kora ca nok+cxenn.
Ce exokpa1nnnn1e npoxenn npes 10 noexnpn, nona1a
paskpenoc1ena nrna nc1opnnn o1xnrpn onnnana1a orxa sa
rrapcka1a nc1opnx n nonac1oxmex ce onn1na a o1ae sa-
cyxeno1o na kpynno1o nc1opnnecko eo na -p Ianno Henon.
Ena o1 oc1onn1e npoxnn na aroapnoc1 n npnsnanne sa 1o-
na eo, e o1o1nnno1o nsanne na ,Hponsxor1 na rrapn1e,
opasynane na rrapcka1a rpxana n rrapcka1a nrpkna na
nsa1ec1no ,Hapoen yn1e o1 rp. Bapna npes 2002 ro. Tona
nsanne e nocpemna1o c nskmnn1een nn1epec o1 rrapcka1a
omec1nenoc1, na-nene o1 xao1o nokoenne, koe1o n naoxn
ne nsannx na eexn1a1a knnra.
7
Ocoena noxnana e poomnna1a nnnnna1nna na nsa1e-
c1no Xenono n neronnx npek1op rocnonn C1ean Kaa-
xnen, a npensae nac1oxmnx n1opn snann1een 1py na -p
Ianno Henon, c koe1o ce sanrna orpoxna npasnnna ncpe na-
ma1a omec1nenoc1 n onosnanane1o nc1nncka1a npapenna r-
rapcka nc1opnx. Ka1o cenama neoxonxa kpanka as nnxax
nsanane1o na nrnn1e crpann crnnnennx na -p Ianno Henon.
OKATO B HMA BTHIAPHB, me nua uncxo n sa xyo-
nexe na - Ianno Henon, n xesn xyone me n+xnonnnax n ynax
+racknxe ncxonnn n ramann n xynaxa nxka sa ycxano-
nnnane n naarane na nennanaxa +racka ncxonn.
Knnrnxe na - Ianno Henon xnna a +ax n+n ncekn
+rackn ou, sa a n+xnax cnn n ynonanne n yxemnnn en.
Veen c+u, ne nnua a +e aenen ennx, koraxo namnxe e-
na me ynax ox ncxonnxa ocxanena nn ox - Ianno Henon n ne-
ronnxe noceonaxen.
3paeko (acka:oe
8
OT ABTOPA
Hpen 1pnece1 ronnn as onaponax xox1a nrpna rrap-
cka pao1a: ,Hpao1enec1no1o n npaesnkr1 na rrapn1e, n kox1o
npnneox annn, ne rrapn1e ca xnnen npen Acnapyx na mr o1
ynan. Ce 1ona onaponax nxkoko pao1n n na nexckn.
Honexe crrpxanne1o na nexckn1e xn pao1n oc1ana nens-
nec1no na rrapcko1o omec1no, pemnx cera a npeax 1yk nak-
pa1ko noynenn1e o1 xen pesy1a1n no ocnonnnx nrnpoc, ne r-
rapn1e ca xnnen npen Acnapyx n Tpaknx n Hnpnx. Hpenn na
1ona me nocona kre e na Kpona1ona1a rpxana n kora ca ce
nokprc1nn rrapn1e.
Honexe xox1a 1esa, ne rrapn1e ca nacexnan Tpaknx n
Hnpnx ne caxo npen Acnapyx, no n npen canxnn1e, npann
npenpa1 kak1o n cxnamane1o na rrapcka1a nc1opnx, 1r n n
cxnamane1o na nc1opnx1a na pyrn1e enponeckn napon, xox1a
nnnoc1 e na n e nsoxena na pasnn sonn nanakn. Onnx, ko-
n1o ne ncka1 a oc1anx1 ceramno1o pasnpane na 1asn xa1epnx,
npnxrna1 o cnekyannn, sa a xe nckpen1npa1. Ha ncnnko
1ona as ne xora a oprmax nnnxanne. Cnop 1yk ce non sa nrn-
poca: on1anan n ca rrapn1e Tpaknx n Hnpnx npen Acna-
pyx, nn ne? Onx, ko1o ncka a xe nckpen1npa, 1pxna a on-
poneprae 1asn 1esa. He xoxe n a nanpann 1ona, 1o crc cnon1e
cnekyannn nckpen1npa cee cn, a ne xen. Trkxo ne1a nrn n.
,3opa o1 20.X.1937 r., ne r-n C1. Aprnpon mx a onapona
nonpankn, nanecenn o1 K. Hpenek n enn eksexnxp o1 Bpayno-
no1o pycko nsanne na nerona1a Hc1opnx na rrapn1e, kre1o
Hpenek cax o1exsna, ne n nerona1a nc1opnx nxao nenepnn
1nrpennx. 3a a ce onep1ae no-xcno pasnnne1o n xe1oa na ns-
cenane1o, as nooxnx xon1e rrapckn npo1nnnnnn na kpn-
1nka. Hpnoxnx ena xaka nc1opnnecka kap1a, nrpxy kox1o e
o1exsano na-crmec1neno1o sa oma opnen1nponka. 3a a ce
nnn, ne B. 3a1apckn ne e cnn1a Tpaknx sa rrapcka sexx,
npnoxnx 1yk o1nena1rnn o1 ne neronn nc1opnneckn kap1n, o1
9
kon1o ce nnxa, ne cnope nero Kpyx n Oxyp1ar ca nac1nan
mxno o Honnn n ne ena ,xan Bopnc (ka1o nnx, ne cn. Kn-
xen1 n pyrapn1e xy ce nac1annn n Oxpn nn Makeonnx)
,npense Hen1pana Makeonnx, kre1o ec1naxa 1esn cne1nn.
Honexe Bopnc snae, ne noopona Kxna Tpaknx nxkora xoxe
a no1pxna na pyrn napon, 1o ne 1prrna o1 Honnn sa O-
pnn n Erecko xope n o11yk sa Makeonnx, a no1ern o1 Hpec-
an no no1o na C1apa nannna, xnna nrpxone1e na Pna, Po-
onn1e, Hnpnn nannna n cnpx na Henc1ep nannna, nso o
Hpecnancko1o n Oxpncko1o esepo, xakap ne 1esn nannnckn ne-
pnrn n nec ca nenpoxonxn sa nockn. Makeonnn1e, mox ro
nnen, ce napekn rrapn.
Ko1o xeae a ce sanosnae no-nopono c nonnrna1n1e o1
xene nrnpocn, xoxe a nnn xon1e crnnnennx:
1. Dr. Cantscho Tzenoff, Die Abstammung der Bulgaren und
die Urheimat der Slaven, Verl. Walter de Cruyier, & Co. Berlin (W
10) und Leipzig 1930 r.
2. Dr. Cantscho Tzenoff, Ceschichte der Bulgaren und der
anderen Sudslaven von der romischen Eroberung der
Balkanhalbinsel an bis zum Ende des neunten Jahrhunderts Verl.
Walter de Cruyter & Co. Berlin Leipzig 1935 r.
Cnn1ax sa cnoe sarxenne a nskaxa crpenna aroap-
noc1 na xox npnx1e rocnonn C1ean Hn. Been, ko1o e 1aka
orp a xn noxorne npn kopnrnpane1o na 1asn pao1a.
Conx, 1.XI.1937 r.
-p Ianno Henon
Dr. Cantscho Tzenoff
Berlin Charlottenburq 9
Mecklemburgallee 22 a
10
CHHCTK HA KHHIHTE,
HHCAHH OT -P IAHHO HEHOB:
1. Wer hat Moskau im Jahre 1812 in Brand gesteckt? Ebering,
Berlin, 1900. Reprint:Kraus, Waduz, 1965
2. Hpao1enec1no1o n npaesnkr1 na rrapn1e. 1907 r.
3. Brrapn1e ca no-c1apn sacennnn na Tpaknx n Makeonnx o1
canxnn1e. 1908 r.
4. Kpn1nneckn pasop na rrapn1e. 1910 r.
5. Hponsxo na rrapn1e n nanao na rrapcka1a rpxana n
rrapcka1a nrpkna. 1910 r.
6. Hrpnn1e penrnosnn opn n Brrapnx. 1912 r.
7. Hokprc1nane1o na rrapn1e oxcnenne. 1914 r.
8. Xnxa ronnn n o1 cxrp11a na Cn. Knxen1a ? 1915 r.
9. Ko e Knxen1 Oxpnckn? 1915 r.
10. Hponsxo na xynn1e. 1915 r.
11. Pycnx n sanoena1enn1e c1pexexn na crpn1e. 1915 r.
12. Coten oder Bulgaren. Leipzig, Dyk, 1915
13. Ceschichte der Bulgaren. Steiwetz, Berlin, 1917
14. Die Abstammung der Bulgaren und die Urheimat der Slaven.
1930 g.
15. Ceschichte der Bulgaren und der anderen Subslaven. 1935 g.
16. Hpennpnn1e no naponoc11a na rrapn1e n mo ce crc1o-
x1 n samo ce nox1. 1936 r.
17. Kpona1ona Brrapnx n nokprc1nane1o na rrapn1e. 1937
r.
18. Hpokononn1e xynn n Teoanonn1e rrapn. 1938 r.
19. Haponoc11a na c1apn1e xakeonnn. 1938 r.
20. Xynn1e, kon1o ocnonaxa rrapcka1a rpxana. Texnnx1 npo-
nsxo n 1xxno1o xpnc1nxnc1no. 1940 r.
21. (c1a1nx) Cexnnnn1e nn ka1o eer na c1apo xpnc1nxnc1no
y canxnn1e. cn.Hpere, 1907 r.
22. (c1a1nx) Das wissenschaftliche Leben in Bulgarien. ,Minerva
(WdeC), Berlin, 6 Sept., 1924.
11
CTTPAHHE
Herono............................................................................................... 5
Knnra I. KPOBATOBA BTHIAPHZ............................................ 16
Iana I. Hs uonxe cnouenn........................................................... 16
1. Baapnk. 2. Kprc1ionnn. 3. pnnon. 4. Bnmxanon
n 3a1apckn. 5. Henon. 6. Hnknop Iperopac. 7. Hxe-
na1a Kpona1, Baxn n np. 8. Kpn1nkn1e na C1. Mae-
non. 9. Kak npo. C1. Maenon onponepra -p C1.
Maenon. 10. B. 3a1apckn. 11. Ieoprackn npere
na ,Boennn1e onepannn
Iana II. Cxaa B+rann............................................................... 31
1. C1apo1o o1enec1no na xynn1e. 2. Meo1nc, Knxepnn
n ckn1n. 3. C1apa Brrapnx
Iana III. B+ranxe cnoe no-cxanxe cenonekonnn
nncaxen............................................................................ 37
1. Me1or1 na B. 3a1apckn. 2. Iprnkn n a1nnckn an-
1opn sa c1apnnnoc11a na rrapn1e. 3. Cannnanon-
nn. 4. Bn1anan. Iprnkn an1op sa c1apnnnoc11a na
rrapn1e. 5. Kc1nn n Kc1nnnan. 6. Tpaknckn1e
xynn
Iana IV. Kynaxonaxa +mana .................................................... 52
1. B. 3a1apckn sa C1apa Brrapnx. Aapn, y1nrypn,
canxnn, rrapn. 2. Bopn1e na aapn1e n pyrn1e
ckn1ckn nexena c Hs1onna1a Pnxcka nxnepnx. 3.
amnnn1e nn nenc1nnckn1e aapn. 4. Kynpa1 nn
Kpona1, ocnona1ex1 na xoepna1a rrapcka rp-
xana. 5. Acnapyx. 6. Brrapnx no npexe1o na Acna-
pyx. 7. Byaxan n nonx1nx1a. An1ponoornneckn o-
kasa1ec1na sa 1ypnnsxa na rrapn1e.
Knnra II. HOKPTCTBAHE HA BTHIAPHTE............................ 78
Iana I. Xncxnnncxnoxo na xakonnnnnnxe ....................... 78
1. Apn n A1anacn. 2. Vna. 3. Cropr1 n Aknnex
n nepym1o na Vna. 4. Codex argenteus. 5. 3a ko
napo Vna npenee Cn. Hncanne?
12
Iana II. H+na Kcxnnnana.......................................................... 91
1. Hrpkonnn1e pasnpn no npexe1o na Hoan 3a1oyc1.
2. Acnap, Hrn, 3enon n Teoopnx Kpnnoren. 3.
Anac1acn n Bn1anan. 4. Apxnennckonnx1a Hrpna
Kc1nnnana. 5. Xpnc1nxnckn1e opn ce crsana-
ne1o na rrapcka1a apxnennckonnx Hrpna Kc1nnn-
ana
Iana III. Mnnuoxo nok+cxnane na Bonc .............................. 109
1. Hkonononn1a1ec1no n nkonoronnnec1no. 2. Hpe-
1ennnx1a na nana Hnkoa. 3. Ha1pnapx o1n n
rrapcka1a nrpkna. 4. Hncxo1o na o1n o nap
Mnxan
Iana IV. Hanracknnx nceenckn c+o nes 869j870 r. . 124
1. Brrapcko1o npa1ennnec1no o nana Hnkoa. 2.
Hapnrpacknx1 crop npes 869f870 r. 3. Hpennpnn1e
n cropa o1nocno nonnnenne1o na rrapcka1a nrp-
kna n Hnpnx. 4. 3aceanne1o na cropa. 5. Hokprc1-
nane1o na Bopnc cnope B. 3a1apckn. 6. Brrapcka1a
nrpkna ce Hapnrpacknx crop. 7. Bepym1o na Me-
1onenn1e ynennnn
Hpnoxenne I. BTHIAPCKATA HCTOPHZ
B HAH-HOBA BTHIAPHZ......................................... 146
Iana I. Hcxonnecknnx uexo.................................................. 146
1. Mnenne n ak1. 2. Hc1opnx o1 xnennx. 3. Mnenne-
1o na Vnnnepcn1e1a. 4. Vnnnepcn1e1r1
Iana II. Hayka n nonxnka ........................................................ 158
1. ne1e omec1nenn 1enennx n Brrapnx. 2. Oek-
1nnnoc11a na rrapckn1e ynenn. 3. Kakno e snanenn-
e1o na okasa1ec1no1o, ne xynn ca ocnonan rrap-
cka1a rpxana. 4. Hpne1a n e 1esa1a, ne rrapn1e
ca c1apn nocennnn na Tpaknx n Makeonnx?
13
15
KHHIA I
KPOBATOBA BTHIAPHB
IHABA I
Hs uonxe cnouenn
1. maqank
Enn en xn oe na yx a npocex nrnpoca: rrpnn nn
rrapn ca nn Cn. Cn. Knpn n Me1on.
Kora1o sanonnax a 1rpcx onon1e sa ena1a n pyra1a
1esa, as ce yenx, ne na 1osn nrnpoc ne xoxe a ce o1ronopn,
ako ne ce snae kaknn ca +ranxe. 3a1ona pemnx a npocex
xnennx1a no naponoc11a na rrapn1e. Ka1o nanpannx 1ona,
yc1anonnx, ne ncnnkn nonn an1opn, saanamn 1osn nrnpoc,
1nrpx1: rrapn1e ca krcnn npnmrnn. Pasnka nxa xexy
1esn an1opn caxo mo ce o1nacx o naponoc11a na napoa, o1
ko1o rrapn1e ca ce nn o1enn, sa a oa1 n nemno-
1o cn o1enec1no. Hxxa nno nexe no cne1a, koe1o a ne e no-
connano o1 1orona nn onorona ka1o npaxo na rrapn1e. As
1yk me cnoxena caxo Baapnk, samo1o nrs ocnona na nero
Hpenek nannca cnox1a ,Hc1opnx na rrapn1e, kox1o n nec e
enanrene1o na rrapcko1o ynn1ec1no.
Cnope Baapnk rrapn1e ca ypackn nyn nn nnn, ko-
n1o ca xnnen nokpa Vpackn1e nannnn n pekn1e Bora n Ka-
xa, n nn cponn c xynn1e n ky1pnrypn1e. Tesn ypackn nyn
omn npes 679 ronna no non1ec1no1o na Acnapyx n ona
Mnsnx, nokopnn 1ax sanapenn canxnn n ocnonan rrapcka1a
rpxana xexy ynan n C1apa nannna.
ope, no kora1o ce sann1a kre ca cera 1esn 1ypanckn nn
xonrockn rrapn, nonexe o1 1aknna ne ce naxnpa1 nnkaknn
cen, Baapnk o1ronopn, ne 1e ce nn nsrynn n nokopenn-
1e canxnn. Tona npenooxenne ne xoxe oane a ce oxcnn c
ak1n. To ne naxepn n nc1opnneckn napae. Heka nsexex sa
npnxep nnrann1e. Hme es ky1ypa n nprcna1n o1 xnxn ro-
nnn nacax xexy enponeckn1e napon, 1e n o nec ca sana-
snn cnox esnk. Crmo1o e n c enpen1e n kynonacn1e. nemnn-
16
x1 anrnckn napo ce crsae o1 cxecnna na anrocakconnn
nn repxannn c nopxann nn poxann. Tona n nec ce nnxa o1
1exnnx esnk, ko1o e nanoonnna repxanckn n poxanckn. Hyx-
n napon n Enpona ca xaxapn1e n ocxanckn1e 1ypnn. H na-
1a napoa ooxa ka1o xakn opn n Enpona xexy no-nnnn-
nsonann napon, oane ne caxo ne sanasnxa esnnn1e cn, no rn
n naoxnxa onxkre na nokopenn1e o1 1xx napon. Hapo sa-
noena1e nnkora ne ryn cnox esnk n cnox1a xopana ky1ypa.
Caxo n Brrapnx no c1anao nyo1o: xonrockn1e rrapn
a ne oc1anx1 none ena ennc1nena yxa n rrapcknx esnk. a
kaxex, ne 1ona nyo e c1anao, 1orana nsnnkna nrnpoc: kakna
pox ca nrpan n rrapcknx non1nneckn xnno1 1esn 1okona
caoky1ypnn xonronn, kon1o axe esnka cn ne xorn a sa-
nasx1? Box xonronn1e ca npnen canxncknx esnk n canxnc-
kn1e npann, 1orana ce nn1a nrs ocnona na nnn npann ce crsae
rrapcka1a rpxana: nrs ocnona na 1ypanckn n, nn na ca-
nxnckn? Onennno nrs ocnona na canxnckn. E1o samo 1eopnx-
1a na Baapnk, ne xonrockn ckn1nnnn xopa es ncxkakna
ky1ypa, nn crsan rrapcka1a rpxana, xn ce nnx nen-
pnexnna.
2. K+cxtonnn
B 1869 r. nsxsoxa na rrapckn na 1pya no rrapcka1a
nc1opnx: ennnx1 o1 Ianpn Kprc1ionnn, a pyrnx1 o1 Mapnn
pnnon. Te n naxa1a ce onnpaxa na Baapnk, no no crrpxa-
nne ce pasnnanaxa. Hsnsakn o1 Kanpo1, ko1o nnmeme, ne
rrapn1e ca o1 xynckn nponsxo. Kprc1ionnn cnn1ame rrapn-
1e sa xynn. Hopan 1ona 1o nannca nc1opnx1a na xynn1e, kox1o
napene rrapcka nc1opnx, (,Ic1opix irapcka no nxx Vnnon,
Hapnrpa, 1869 r.), es oane a okaxe samo xynn1e ce napeko-
xa rrapn. Hnnpek1no ce pasnpa, samo1o ca xnnen nokpa
Bora, xakap ne xynn1e nnkora ne ca xnnen nokpa Bora.
C 1ona Kprc1ionnn ce o1en o1 Baapnk. oka1o Baapnk
kasa, ne rrapn1e ca nyn, kon1o nn cponn c xynn1e, koe1o
1o nsnexa o1 npoc1nx ak1, ne nn crcen c xynn1e, Kprc1io-
nnn nen1nnnnpame rrapn1e c xynn1e. Ipemka1a, kox1o
Kprc1ionnn nanpann, eme, ne 1o ne snaeme, ne xynn1e ca xnne-
n npen canxnn1e nokpa ynan. Ta n 1o, noono na Baa-
pnk, xnceme, ne 1esn xynn-rrapn ena n 679 r. nn omn o
ynan, n c 1ona npensnnka kpn1nka1a na pnnon.
17
3. nnon
pnnon e nc1opnk no npnsnanne n sa1ona ne xy npanexa
ocoeno nnena1enne cyek1nnnn1e xnennx na 1osn nn onsn, a
1rpceme oocnonka1a na 1esn xnennx. To npne 1esa1a na Baa-
pnk, no orpannneno, ka1o kasa:
,Hne npnexaxe Baapnkono1o xnenne, ne 1e ca nn o1
nycko nn nncko no1eko. Hpn 1ona rpsaxe a saeexnx, ne
nac 1nrpe xako nn sannxana no1eko1o na 1esn rrapn, sa-
mo1o 1osn nrnpoc nxxa xxc1o n nc1opnx1a na namnx napo, ko-
1o ne e 1exen no1oxrk n nxxa nnmo omo c 1xx, ocnen nxe1o, ko-
e1o 1o npne o1 1xx. (Crnnnenne 1.32)
pnnon kasa 1ona, samo1o 1o cpannxname opasynane1o na
rrapcka1a rpxana c opasynane1o na pencka1a rpxana n c
1ona na pycka1a. Bena repxanckn pankn opasynan rpxa-
na1a na ran1e, kox1o no nxe1o nx ce napeka pannnx. Kak1o
nemnn1e pannysn ne ce cnn1a1 sa repxannn, 1r n ronopemn-
1e canxnckn rrapn ne xoxe a ce cnn1a1 sa xonronn, n 1o
1okona nonene, samo1o pnnon n naxepn nrn pencknx esnk
repxanckn yxn, kora1o n rrapcknx esnk 1o ne e naxepn nn-
1o ena xonrocka yxa. Hopan 1ona 1o eme na xnenne, ne
rrapn1e 1pxna a ce pasrexa1 ka1o canxnn. pnnon ocno-
pn 1esa1a na Kprc1ionnn sa xync1no1o na rrapn1e ne sa1ona,
samo1o cn xnceme, ne onesn, kon1o ca ocnonan rrapcka1a
rpxana, ne ce nn kasnan xynn, a 1ypnn nn nrk caxoen, ny-
namn, nnn n np., a sa1ona, samo1o 1o eme npo1nn krcno1o n-
nane na rrapn1e, kakno1o ce pasnpame o1 Kprc1ionnn. Hone-
xe rrapn1e ce cnoxenana1 o1 ne1n nek nacax nokpa ynan, a
Kprc1ionnn 1nrpeme, ne 1e ca omn o ynan ena n 679 r. To-
na e pnnon.
4. mnmuanon n 3axackn
Hona Brrapnx ne ce npncrennn krx pnnon, a nocena
onesn, kon1o kasna1, ne rrapn1e ca krcnn npnmrnn. oka1o
pnnon kasa, ne ako rrapn1e ome n V nek ca xnnen nokpa
ynan, nne ne xoxex a nxpnaxe na npnkaskn1e, ne 1e ena n 679
ronna nn omn o1nxkre cn, nona Brrapnx kasna, ne nne
1pxna a nxpnaxe nxenno na 1esn npnkaskn. oka1o pnnon ka-
sa, ne nne nxxa samo a ce sannxanaxe c krcno omn1e nyc-
kn rrapn, samo1o 1e ne ca nn nn1o nnnonnn, nn1o nynonnn n
18
nxxa1 nnmo omo c namnx napo, ko1o ne e 1exen no1oxrk n
np., nona Brrapnx kasna, ne nne 1pxna a ce sannxanaxe nxen-
no c 1esn xonrockn rrapn. Tx ne nsnxa no nnnxanne, ne nc-
1opnx1a ne e eyk1nnna nayka, kox1o 1pxna a ce sannxana
nxenno c 1esn xonrockn rrapn. Tx ne nsnxa no nnnxanne,
ne nc1opnx1a ne e eyk1nnna nayka, kox1o nonnna na xnno1esn
nn 1eopnn, a e nnyk1nnna nayka, nonnnama na nooxn1enn
ak1n, kon1o ca sarxn1enn sa ncnnkn. Hc1opnx1a cen cr-
n1nx1a xponoornneckn. Ako nanpnxep Enon, ko1o e xnnx
npes V n. H ko1o e nosnana rrapn1e, kasna, ne 1e ca c1apn
1pakonnpnnn, 1o nxxa nena xnenne1o na Baapnk n pyrn, ne
rrapn1e nn omn ena n cexn nek o1nxkre cn n nemno-
1o cn o1enec1no. Hona Brrapnx ne nsnxa oane npenn, ne
onx, ko1o nsnsa crc cnox 1eopnx, 1pxna cnc1exno a x oxc-
nn, koe1o nnko o1 onesn, kon1o pasrexa1 rrapn1e ka1o krc-
nn npnmrnn, ne nanpann. O1enn ak1n axe n 1orana, ko-
ra1o 1e nxa nn nepnn, a ne nsxncenn, kakrn1o e cynax1 1yk,
kon1o ne crc1anx1 nenpekrcna1a nprska nn cnc1exa, ne okas-
na1 nnmo.
Ha-cnno1o okasa1ec1no, ne rrapn1e nn krcno om-
n 1ypnn, e npenooxenne1o, ne nxe1o rrapnn osnananao
,Bora xrx. Bnmxanon nse 1ona npenooxenne sa ak1 n ce
noxrnn n cnox ,Kpn1nnen npere na nrnpoca sa nponsxoa na
nparrapn1e
2)
e1nxoornneckn a okaxe, ne rrapnn snane-
o ,xrx o1 Bora, ,nooxannn, n ne 1ona nxe no 1ypcka y-
xa. 3a1ona rrapn1e nn xnneemn nokpa Bora 1ypnn.
Hxxa a ce cnnpax nrpxy 1asn e1nxoornx, kox1o e onenn-
no nenxpna. Be kaxex caxo, ne nxe1o rrapn (Vulgares) ce cno-
xenana ome n IV n V nek na mr o1 ynan, kora1o nnko o1 1ora-
namnn1e a1nnckn n rprnkn nnca1en ne snaeme sa crmec1nyna-
ne1o na peka Bora.
B1opo: Hxe1o Bora e canxncka yxa. omn n ca rra-
pn1e o1 Bora, nooxann n ca 1e; 1e ca canxnn, a ne 1ypnn.
B. 3a1apckn npnnee nrk pyrn okasa1ec1na sa 1ypnnsxa
na rrapn1e. B nncann1e na rprnkn kaxennn nanncn n naxe1 na
nxkon rrapckn knxse, c1aporrapcka1a (c1apocanxncka1a)
1n1a ,krnesr nn ,krniasr, no nnca na yknn1e r, i, s, n rprn-
ka1a asyka, e 1pancknnpana c 1asn asyka no 1osn nannn: 3a-
1apckn oxnxna 1esn 1n1n sa 1ypckn, ka1o rn npennann n xan n c
1ona ,okasa, ne rrapn1e, coc1neno canxnn1e, nn 1ypnn.
19
5. Henon
Honeme xesn qakxn, ame ako ce okamexa nenn, ne ono-
neranax xesaxa, ne +ranxe ome n IV n V nek ca mnneen
nokan ynan, ekox no-noono a ce sannuan c xosn n+n-
oc.
Kora1o ro npoynnx, yc1anonnx, ne nnsan1nckn1e nnca1en
Teoan n Hnknop, na kon1o ce nosonana Baapnk, sa a 1nrp-
n, ne rrapn1e nn omn o1 Vpa n Bora, pasrexaxa
rrapn1e n xynn1e ka1o ne o1enn nexena n ka1o c1apn
1pakonnpnnn, samn1nnnn1e na xonrocknx nponsxo na
rrapn1e rn cnn1axa sa enn napo n sa krcnn npnmrnn. H
nonexe cn xncexa, ne xynn1e ca asna1ckn, xonrockn napo,
1e kasaxa, ne Acnapyx npes 679 ronna n one xonronn n
Mnsnx.
As oane yc1anonnx, ne rrapcka1a rpxana e ocnonana
o1 xynn, no xynnxe ne ca nn asnaxnn, a cknxn, kon1o ome no
npexe1o na Xepoo1 ca xnneen kpa ynan. Hxe1o xynn ce
cnoxenana n aknx ome npes II n. ce Xpnc1a. B ne1nrp1n n
ne1n nek xynn1e nxan roxxa rpxana n Hanonnx n aknx nak
o p. nenrp. Honexe sa canxnn1e ce kasname, ne 1e ena n na-
nao1o na VI nek nn omn o1nxkre cn o ynana, 1o o1 1o-
na nsnsa, ne xynn1e ca xnneen npen canxnn1e nokpa y-
nan. Tr ne ne xoxe a ce kasna, ne xynn nn omn npn ca-
nxnn, a, opa1no, 1pxna a ce kasna, ne canxnn ca omn npn
xynn. O1 1esn xynn ca nponsesn Kynpa1 n cnnr1 xy Acnapyx.
Taka ne, kaxex n, ne rrapn1e ca xynn, 1pxna a kaxex, ne
1e ca c1apn kpaynanckn nocennnn n ne ca nn ronu na-
o, a ne uaka onna. C 1ona as onponeprax n 1esa1a na
Kprc1ionnn, ne rrapn1e, no nxe1o xynn, nn omn ena
npes 679 ronna o ynan.
B1opo1o nemo, koe1o as yc1anonnx e, ne peox c napoa xy-
nn ce cnoxenana n sa napo rrapn na mr o1 ynan.
Ako sa xynn1e ce npenoarame, ne nn 1ypannn, samo1o n
eno npanpexe nn omn o1 Asnx, 1ona ne xoxeme a ce kaxe
sa rrapn1e, kon1o xnneexa o1 c1apo npexe n nemno1o cn o1e-
nec1no, n sa kon1o nxxa cneennx, ne ca krcnn npnmrnn n oc-
nen 1ona ce cnn1a1 sa xnsnnn. O1 1ona as nsnanx sakmnenne,
ne rrapn1e ca c1apn 1pakonnpnnn.
20
6. Hnknqo Ieroac
Brnpekn 1ona xen xe nn1epecyname a yc1anonx, na kaknn
nc1opnneckn annn nonnna 1nrpenne1o, ne rrapn1e nrpnona-
nano ca xnneen nokpa peka Bora, n yc1anonnx, ne nc1opnnec-
knx1 ns1onnnk sa 1ona e nnsan1ncknx1 nc1opnk o1 XIV c1oe1ne
Hnknop Iperopac (1295-1360 r.).
To nnme, ne ckn1n1e nxkora xnnen o ena roxxa peka,
kox1o xec1no1o naceenne napnnao Byra n no nex ce napekn
rrapn
3)
.
Ckn1n1e ca xnnen nrpnonanano nokpa Bocopa. Hxe1o
Bocop nn Boc-nopr e nponsxso o1 1ona, ne eno roneo nn
enn no npexnna npes nero (Boc-nopr snann nockn rp, nn
npoxo). Iperopac n cynax e yno1pen canxncko1o ,no-ny
n e napeka Bocopa peka Byra nn nrk Byra.
Ce 1ona Iperopac nnme, ne 1esn ckn1n-rrapn ,npexnna-
n ne1e Mnsnn (sexx1a o1 Hanonnx o Hepno xope), 1a ncnnko
c1anao nxnka na xnsn1e, kak1o ce kasna. Hac1annn ce n Make-
onnx n oc1anaa Hnpnx, kre1o nx ce xapecao. H napcko
(knxxecko) ceanme nxame 1ax, koe1o noce c1ana rpa, ko1o
e nrsnarpaen c apxnennckonnx o1 nxnepa1op Kc1nnnan, kox-
1o, kak1o kasaxxe, ce napnna Hrpna Kc1nnnana.
Brrapn1e snann ca nn ckn1n, kon1o nxkora cn, npen crs-
anane1o na Kc1nnnana Hpnxa, koe1o e c1anao npes 535 ron-
na, nn sansen ne caxo ne1e Mnsnn, no n Makeonnx, n oc1a-
naa Hnpnx. C 1ona ce pemana nrnpocr1 sa naponoc11a, o1 ko-
x1o ca nponsesn rrapn1e.
Kakno npanx1 oane onesn, kon1o ncka1 a ynepx1 xopa1a, ne
Makeonnx n oc1anaa Hnpnx nnkora ne ca nn rrapckn? Te
nsnxa1 o1 paskasa na Hnknop Iperopac caxo yxa1a Byra n kas-
na1, ne Byra e Bora, n c1nra1 o nsnoa, ne rrapn1e ca xnne-
n nrpnonanano nokpa Bora n samo1o ca xnnen nokpa Bo-
ra, 1e nn 1ypnn. Tona e cyek1nnen eyk1nnen nsno, ko1o sa
nc1opnx1a nxxa c1onoc1, samo1o nc1opnx1a e nooxn1ena nay-
ka, konxo ce ocnonana na ncxonneckn qakxn. Tosn nsno e one-
nnno nenepen, samo1o onnx, kon1o ca xnnen nokpa Bora, ca ce
napnnan cknxn, a ne rrapn. To e nsxncnna n sa 1ona, samo-
1o nnko c1ap nnca1e ne e napekr rrapn1e 1ypnn nn nrk n-
nn, caxoen n np., a ncnnkn, mox e c1anao yxa sa no1eko1o na
rrapn1e-xynn, ca kasnan, ne 1e ca cknxn. Ckn1n1e oane ca xn-
neen o1 npanpexe nokpa ynan. Onsn, ko1o xncn, ne ckn1n1e
21
eno npexe ca nacexnan nopenne1o na Bora, 1o 1pxna n a ka-
xe, ne ckn1n1e ca omn npes 679 r. n Mnsnx. Honexe 1ona e ne-
nrsxoxno a ce kaxe, samo1o e nenxpno, nsnycka ce nxe1o ckn1n
n ce kasna, ne rrapn1e nn omn npes 679 r. o1 Bora n Mn-
snx. Ho neka ce crracnx npexenno c 1ona n a kaxex, ne rra-
pn1e ca 1ypnn, kon1o nxkora ca xnneen nokpa Bora. Tesn 1ypnn
nocexnaxa npen VI nek ne caxo ne1e Mnsnn, no n Makeonnx n
oc1anaa Hnpnx. Tona e na-naxno1o sa nc1opnx1a na rrapn1e.
To ce npexrnana n xrnemkox ce npokapna nsxncnna1a, ne xe
kaxo uaka onna, ena nes 679 r., nn omn n ona Mn-
snn, sa1ona rrapn nn caxo xn1en1e xexy ynan n C1apa
nannna! Moxe n nxko a kaxe, ne 1ona e nayka, a ne non1nka?
7. Huenaxa Konax, Bann n n.
Hpenn na 1ona as pemnx a onaponax crpann1e cn 1o-
rana eexkn n nanena1ax xox1a pao1a ,Hpao1enec1no1o n npa-
esnkr1 na rrapn1e (1907 r.).
B 1asn knnra noconnx annn: a) ne rrapn1e ce cnoxenana1
ne caxo npen Acnapyx, no n npen canxnn1e na mr o1 ynan;
) ne xynn1e, kon1o opasynaxa xoepna1a rrapcka rpxana,
ca ckn1n nn canxnn.
3a okasa1ec1no na noceno1o as orpnax nnnxanne n na
1ona: Onesn, kon1o cnn1a1 rrapn1e sa 1ypnn, ne ca naxepnn
ocera 1ypckn nspasn n c1aporrapcknx esnk. Te rn napnna1 1yp-
nn npoc1o nrs ocnona na npenooxenne1o, ne ca nn omn o1
1ypckn c1pann. Hxena1a oane na ocnona1en1e na rrapcka1a
rpxana ca canxnckn. Taka nanpnxep nxe1o na Kpona1-poona-
nannka na rrapcka1a nnac1nx, e canxncko, samo1o 1o e nxe-
1o na kpona1n1e, kon1o ca canxnn. Ome no npexe1o na nxnepa-
1op Xepakn (610 641 r.) ce cnoxenana kpona1ckn nn xrpna1-
ckn knxs na nxe Xpona1. Ha-c1apnx1 Kpona1on cnn cnope Hn-
knop ce e kasna Baxn, koe1o e canxncka yxa. Honexe 1o e
n na-c1apnx pa1, no-xan1e xy pa1x xy nnkan a1o, kak-
1o n nec no-xanx1 rrapnn-canxnnn ce oprma krx no-ro-
xx pa1. Hopan 1ona Teoan ro napnna Ba1-axn, 1.e. a1io
Baxn. Caxo 1osn ak1 nsnepnna nrnpoca sa naponoc11a na xy-
nn1e, kon1o ocnonaxa rrapcka1a rpxana: Te ca nn canxnn.
B cnncrka na rrapckn1e knxse npen Acnapyx ce cnoxena-
na1 cenn1e rrapckn knxse crc canxnckn nxena Ioc1yn n
Besxep. Besxep e knxsyna npen Acnapyx o1 ne1e c1pann na
22
ynan. Ho na-naxno1o e, ne canxnnnr1 Besxep e nponsnsa o1
poa yo, o1 ko1o e nponsnsa n Acnapyx, n o1 1ona ce pas-
npa, ne n Acnapyx e o1 canxnckn po. Hne 1yk cxe cn noc1ann-
n sa ne caxo a okaxex, ne rrapn1e ne ca krcnn npnmr-
nn, sa1ona ne xeaex a ce cnnpaxe nrpxy o1nomennx1a nx krx
pyrn1e 1pakonnpnckn n ckn1ckn nexena, oane sa oma opn-
en1nponka neka kaxex, ne ckn1n1e, o1 kon1o nponsnsa1 rra-
pn1e, ca canxnn. Tona, koe1o cera ce napnna canxnn, n c1apo
npexe ce kasname ckn1n. Caxa1a yxa cknxn e canxncka yxa,
kox1o snann ckn1nnk nn noxa. Io1n1e, xynn1e, canxnn1e, r-
rapn1e, aapn1e, 1paknnn1e ca cknxckn, 1.e. cannnckn nexena.
8. Knxnknxe na Cxeqan Maenon
Mnosnnc1no1o o1 rrapcko1o omec1no paoc1no npne
xox1a knnra. Hexy xy npanexa ocoeno nnena1enne annn1e,
ne npen Acnapyx, rrapn1e ca xnneen na mr o1 ynan. Enn
en cpemnax na ynna1a xnnnc1rp Hxnnen, ko1o xn kasa, ne
nopan xox1a pao1a n Mnnnc1epcknx crne1 nec1o c1anao y-
xa sa xen. He xnoro npexe ce 1ona as saxnnax sa 3anana En-
pona a 1rpcx non xa1epna o1nocno nn1epecynamnx xe npo-
ex. Ha Mmnxencka1a rapa, ka1o xnnanax npes caona, sa a cn
kynx ne1, cpemnax rocnonn oponnn nanannka na kan-
ne1a na Herono nennec1no Hapx. To xnoro ce sapana, ka1o
xe nnx. Hospannxxe ce n pasxennxxe nxkoko yxn. To xn
kasa, ne Herono nennec1no nxa opo xnenne sa xen n xon1e
pao1n. O1 1ona as paspax, ne pao1a1a xn e c1nrnaa ne caxo
o ymn1e na xnnnc1pn1e, no n o 1esn na rpxannnx rana.
Mnnaa1a ronna nxax cyna a ce nnx c enn npoecop,
ko1o no-npen eme nrn Bnena. Kora1o cn kasax nxe1o, 1o xn
o1ronopn: ,Hosnanaxe ce, r-n Henon, nosnanaxe ce xnoro o-
pe. As ce nocennax n ce nosaxncnx an nxkora ne crx ce nnx-
a c xox crecennk, no crx sapann, oane 1o saexsa 1o-
na n nporxn: ,Hosnanaxe ce, sanosna nn e Hpenek. Hne c
Hpenek xnoro, xnoro nr1n cxe ronopnn sa nac n sa nama1a 1e-
opnx. Moe1o nxe eme nnponex c1nrnao nak o Bnena.
To oc1nrna n o ymn1e na namn1e ynenn o1 ynnnepcn1e1a,
kon1o oane nonync1naxa xox1a pao1a ka1o nnna ona.
Mox1a 1esa, ne rrapn1e ne caxo npen Acnapyx, no n npe-
n canxnn1e ca xnneen na mr o1 ynan, crpeme conckn1e
ynnnepcn1e1ckn npenoana1en, kon1o ce npnrpxaxa sa Hpenek
23
n p., ne rrapn1e nn oneenn o1 Acnapyx. 3a cprnx 1e nx-
xaxa npano. Ha 1xx nx ce naarame nn a nocona1 necrc1ox1e-
noc11a na noconenn1e o1 xen ak1n, nn a rn npnexa1. Honexe
nrpno1o ne xoxexa, a n1opo1o ne nckaxa a nanpanx1, 1e xe o-
cnnaxa c nnnn xyn.
Tona na-xpapo nsnrpmn C1. Maenon. To cyma o1
Aryp, Mne1nn, Bnmxanon, 3a1apckn n np., ne rrapn1e nn
krcnoomn 1ypnn, sa1ona xox1a 1esa, ne ne ca krcnn npnmr-
nn, o1okona ro e nrsyna, ne 1o ce caxosapann n xe o-
cnna c ynnnn ockrpennx. Hapene xe monnnnc1, Kprc1ionnn,
Honkon, Banknn. Mox1a e1nxoornx na nocka e1nxoornx.
As crx n xpanennk na Boenno1o xnnnc1epc1no, 1.e., ne Boen-
no1o xnnnc1epc1no xn anao napn a nnma na1pno1nnnn knn-
rn, nopan koe1o Zrnn n ena xya npo1nn xene xe nn1ame ko
xn nsana pao1n1e n nponne xepsoc1n, kon1o cn oc1ana1 xep-
soc1n n ne onponeprana1 noconenn1e o1 xen annn.
He c1nra 1ona, axn Maenon norpsa a xe ,nonanana n n
Zrnnonnx ,Archiv fur slavische Philologie (1907 Bd. 29 S. 613).
Tax 1o nannca o1snn sa xox1a pao1a, n ko1o xexy pyro1o c
enn xn1nnraxnckn 1on ce kasna:
Ako nonek n ncka a cne1e 1nx ,Hscenannx sa naynno
crnnnenne, 1o n 1pxnao a kaxe, ne n rrapcka1a nc1opn-
necka n noornnecka nayka sanonna perpec. 3amo1o noxnxnane-
1o na 1ax knnra ce pao1n1e na enn pnnon nn Ma1on, na
enn Mne1nn nn Bnmxanon, e perpec. Ako 1o (Henon) nec
npoc1o o1 monnnnsrx n neoc1a1rnno npoynnane o1nono ncka
neoysano a ce saexe c onax norpemna, sa enn Pakonckn nsnn-
nn1ena e1nxoornx, 1o 1o nxxa npano na naynnoc1. Ko1o nan-
cxkre o1kpnna nennne1o na rrapcko1o nexe; ko1o cnn1a
ne caxo xynn1e, no n ckn1n1e, re1n1e, xacare1n1e, kak1o n ncnn-
kn pyrn napon, sa kon1o c1apn1e nc1opnnn nnma1, ne ca xnne-
n na Bakancknx noyoc1pon, sa canxnn n cnennano sa rra-
pn; ko1o 1nrpn, ne rrapn1e ca xnneen no npexe1o na Anoc-
1o Hane okoo Coyn; 1o n 1pxnao a nokpenn cxen1e
cn 1esn crc cnnn apryxen1n. ,Tepxnnr1 1ypcko-1a1apckn esnk,
c ko1o ce oosnanana esnkr1 na nonoomn1e o1krx Bora r-
rapn (k+e e xon esnk? .a.), ne ce xapecna na r-n Henon n np.
A n ,Vnn1eckn nec1nnk
4)
Maenon xexy pyro1o nnca:
,C yexenne1o, ne rrapn1e ca xynn, 1o (Henon) nn na-
noxnx sapanena1a ,Hc1opnx rrapcka no nxx ynnon na no-
konnx I. Kprc1ionnn. Hoxaxen o1 1pyone1e na Benenn n Ca-
24
naen-Poc1ncanennn, Kprc1ionnn ce noxrnn a yen ncnnkn,
ne xynn1e ca rrapn. (Kprc1ionnn coc1neno e noxaxen o1
Kanpo1). Ome nanpexe1o cn pnnon
5)
,Xynn n cxe nne? no-
kasa, ne xyncka1a 1eopnx, xakap ocnonana na ,nrpnons1onnn1e
nc1opnneckn ns1onnnnn ne nsrpxa nnkakna kpn1nka.
O1 npnneeno1o ce nnxa, ne Maenon e norpxa ren-
me1o, ne rrapn1e ne ca xynn, a ca 1ypnn, omn npes 679 r. o1
Bora.
B xe1onnno o1nomenne 1o norpxame renme1o na ynn-
1ex cn 3a1apckn, ko1o kasa, ne e norpemno nonek a ce onnpa
na nrpnons1onnnnn. C 1ona 1o nckame a samn1n nenonnnama-
1a na annn xnno1esa na Hpenek n Baapnk, ne rrapn1e ca krc-
nn npnmrnn. Hsnrn 1esn an1opn nxxao snann nayka. Hsnsa-
kn o1 crmnx npnnnnn, Maenon kasa, ne nsnrn Mne1nn, Bnm-
xanon n np., nxxa nayka. Onx, ko1o noconna nonn ak1n sa nsxc-
nxnane na 1osn nrnpoc, e perpecnc1. Hporpecnc1 cnope Mae-
non e onx, ko1o npenon1apx onona, koe1o ca kasan xo n aa.
Tona e, mo ce o1nacx o ,naynnnx xe1o na Maenon.
3a naynna1a xy pao1a me kaxex caxo, ne n no-nrpnn1e rep-
xanckn ynnnepcn1e1n ok1opcka 1n1a ce ana npenxno sa ne
nema: a) samo1o kanna1r1 e homo doctus, 1.e., samo1o nxa ns-
nec1nn nosnannx, n ) samo1o e homo bonus, 1.e., samo1o e xopa-
en nonek, ko1o opocrnec1no me samn1ana nc1nna1a. Bes no-
conenn1e kanec1na ne ce ana ok1opcko snanne.
Maenon ne e crmana 1esn nopxn, samo1o n ropenpn-
neenn1e o1snnn 1o e nsonann ak1n1e c ne a xe ynnxn n a
ocye1n nc1nna1a.
Honexe onesn, kon1o kasna1, ne canxnn1e ena n nanao1o
na VI nek nn omn o1nr Kapna1n1e o ynan, ce cnnpa1 ns-
kmnn1eno na e1nxoornn; nonexe onesn, kon1o 1nrpx1, ne
rrapn1e ca 1ypnn, omn o1 Bora, ce onnpa1 nskmnn1eno
na e1nxoornn, samo1o nnko c1ap nnca1e ne e kasa, ne rra-
pn1e ca 1ypnn, as, ko1o cnn1ax 1esn e1nxoornn sa necepnosna
pao1a, emnx a saneuan exnuoornnxa n a ce onpa nenu-
no na ncxonnecknxe cnnexecxna. (c1p. 910)
Ome n nanao1o na kpn1nkynana1a o1 Maenon xox pao1a
as noconnx nc1opnnecko1o cnne1ec1no na Hopan, ko1o nnme,
ne Ckn1nx ce e npoc1npaa o1 Iepxannx o nenrp. B 1asn Ckn-
1nx xnneen napon1e: rennn, nene1n, ckanenn, an1n, rrapn,
arannpn n np. A na c1p. 3031 ka1o nsarax nocemenne1o, koe1o
e nanpann nnsan1ncknx1 npa1ennk Hpnck npes 448 r. na xync-
25
knx nap A1na n aknx, na cenep o1 ynan, ns1rknax, ne Hpnck
napnna xynn1e ckn1n.
O1 1esn n ome xnoro pyrn nc1opnneckn cnne1ec1na, as
nsnanx sakmnenne, ne xynn1e, rrapn1e, canxnn1e, an1n1e n ne-
ne1n1e ca ckn1ckn nexena, n, opa1no, ne cknxnxe ca cannnn.
Maenon oane nsonann 1osn ak1 n kasa, ne as crx cn cyxn c
nsnnnn1enn sa enn Pakonckn e1nxoornn, sa a okasnax, ne ckn-
1n1e, xynn1e, re1n1e ca nn canxnn n rrapn, ce ka1o as kasax
ropno1o ne nrs ocnona na e1nxoornn, a nrs ocnona na nc1opnnec-
kn cnne1ec1na. Honexe e1nxoornn1e na noosn1e Bnmxa-
non, Mne1nn n np., ca necepnosna pao1a, Maenon, sa a xe
koxnpoxe1npa, naxepn sa neoxonxo a rn npnnnme na xen. Ho
na-naxno1o, koe1o 1pxna a ce ns1rkne, e, ne Mne1nn n Ma1on
ne ca okasnan, ne rrapn1e ca 1ypnn. Te caxo ca ce npnrpxa-
n sa 1ona xnenne. Maenon oane, ko1o 1orana e kanna1 sa
onen1, sa a ce noxaxe npe Mne1nn, ro noxnan, ne yx n o-
kasa, ne rrapn1e ca 1ypnn. Kora n kre nanpann Mne1nn 1ona,
n ocera ne xn e nsnec1no, a n Maenon ne ro e noconn.
C noona rxa Maenon cn nocyxn n no o1nomenne na
pnnon, ka1o ro noc1ann n penna1a na Mne1nn, Bnmxanon n
np., ne n samn1ana renme1o, ne rrapn1e ca omn o1
Bora 1ypnn, xakap ne pnnon e nrpnnx1, ko1o o1xnrpn 1asn
1esa. Kpn1nkynakn Kprc1ionnn, ne rrapn1e-xynn ena n VII
nek ca nn omn o ynan, pnnon xexy pyro1o kasa:
,Cnope Hnknop 1onno n VII nek rrapn1e yx npexnnan
npes on n ce nokasan n Hanonnx, H1anx n Bakancknx noy-
oc1pon, ne 1e ca nprxe1en no 1esn xec1a ome o1 V nek. Mapk
Anpen Kacnoop, ko1o ce e pon npes 468 r. n e yxpx oko-
o 557 r. non1n na c1oronmna nrspac1, ka1o onncna n cnox e-
1onnc no-rannn1e ea na Teoopnx Benkn, ronopn xexy py-
ro1o, ne c nerona1a xpapoc1 rrapn1e oc1anan noeenn. A
Kacnoopono1o cnne1ec1no xoxe a nxa nena, samo1o Kacno-
op e n crnpexennnk na Teoopnx Benkn n e xnnx npn no-
pa xy. pyr enn nnca1e, crnpexennnk na Teoopnx, Enon
Tnnnnckn, ko1o e xnnx xexy 473 n 521 r., ronopn n noxnano-
1o cn cono sa Teoopnx, ne 1o ome na xan ronnn ce e npoc-
ann c 1ona, ne pasn nenoenxn1e o1orana rrapn.
,A 1ona, ka1o e 1r, cnpen, ako ome npes V nek rrapn1e rn
e nxao no ynana, kre1o 1e ca nn n xnoronncenn, n c1pam-
nn cnope cnne1ec1na1a na Kacnoop n Enon, kak a ce no-
nxpna na Hnknopona1a npnkaska, ne 1e okoo cpea1a na VII nek
26
xnnan npes on n ce cnycnan krx ynan n no-na1a1rk? a ce
kaxe, ne 1e n no-npen ca ce cnyckan krx ynana, no ce nprma-
n nak sa peka on, a 1onno n VII nek o1nmn, 1a nene ne ce nrp-
nan, 1ona e nemo nenepox1no n np.
6)
(Crnnnennx, 3, 202203)
E1o samo pnnon e n npo1nn Kprc1ionnn, nrk n npo1nn
Baapnk, samo1o 1e 1nrpxxa, ne rrapn1e ena n VII nek ca
omn o1 on o ynan n ne 1orana ca nacenn caxo sexx1a
xexy ynan n Bakana, a pnnon e n na xnenne, ne rrapn-
1e ome n V nek ca xnnen nokpa ynan, n 1o ne caxo nokpa y-
nan, a n nokpa ropnnx, n Hanonnx.
Honexe pnnono1o c1anonnme eme npo1nn 1eopnx1a, kox-
1o ce npenoaname n ynnnepcn1e1a n nonexe pnnon ce nosna-
me c roxxo nxe n roxxa nonn1 xexy rrapcknx napo, Ma-
enon, sa a sayn rrapcko1o omec1no, noc1anx pnnon n
penna1a na onesn, kon1o kasna1, ne rrapn1e ca nn krcno-
omn 1ypnn, koe1o, kak1o nnxaxe, ne e nxpno.
Makap ne pnnon n Henon nsnsa1 o1 enn npnnnnn, ne r-
rapn1e npen Acnapyx ca xnnen nokpa ynan, Maenon kasna,
ne Henon, ko1o 1nrpn 1ona, nxxa npano na naynnoc1, nonexe
pnnon ne n na 1ona xnenne, a e norpxa necrmec1nynamn-
1e xnennx na Ma1on n Mne1nn. Maenon nnponex n 1yk yxnm-
eno e nsonann nc1nna1a, sa a ce xapeca na cnnn1e na enx.
9. Kak noq. Cx. Maenon ononera - Cx. Maenon
Hne ne xeaex a xapak1epnsnpaxe Mne1nn, no nonexe nc-
kaxe a ns1rknex kak npoecop Maenon okasa, ne -p Ma-
enon ne ce e non o1 nc1nna1a, kora1o e xyn Henon, cxe npn-
nyenn a ce cnpex nrpxy o1snnn1e xy sa npo. Mne1nn.
B ,Pona pen
7)
Maenon, ka1o pasrexa naynnn1e pao1n
na Mne1nn, xy nanoxnx, ,ne ncekn ynen 1pxna a nsnacx caxo
nc1nna1a n 1o ce nnnxa1ena nponepka. Mnoro nepen npnn-
nnn. Ce 1ona nporxana: ,A r-n M. na cnox rana nsnsa a
pasnpanx nenepnoc1n n neoc1poyxnn nsxncnnn, es a xncn,
ne me re nsonnen n nesnanne nn na-xako n ekoxnceno
n neopocrnec1no o1nacxne krx naynna1a nc1nna. ,(Mne-
1nn) nsnsa c nenepnn 1nrpennx n c 1xx nenono sayxana nn-
1a1en1e. Enn ynen ne 1pxna snann axe nenono a sayx-
ana nn1a1en1e cn. O1nnno. Ce 1ona ce kasna:
,Hxxa a ce ronopn nn1o sa nerono1o (Mne1nneno1o) ne-
oc1ono xrnanne npes 1929 r. na konrpeca na canxnckn1e n-
27
oosn n Hpara, re1o r-n Hmoxnp Mne1nn ne nsese a no-
kpenn xncr1a, ne esnkr1 na cn. cn. Knpna n Me1onx e c1apo-
rrapckn. ,Mne1nn n 1pxnao ce 1okona nsonnennx n
ekoxncne, nesnanne n neoc1a1rnna opocrnec1noc1 a no-
nync1na none xako paskaxnne.
Honexe Mne1nn ne e nxa snannx, a ekoxnceno n neo-
pocrnec1no ce e o1nacx krx naynna1a nc1nna, nn1a ce, Mae-
non, ka1o ce e ocnonana na enn nonek, ko1o ,ekoxnceno n
neopocrnec1no ce e o1nacx krx naynna1a nc1nna, sa a nc-
kpen1npa Henon, opocrnec1no n e noc1rnn?
Bn 1pxnao a ce nscena kora Mne1nn e nokasa nesna-
nne n neopocrnec1noc1: kora1o e nnca cnon1e pao1n n, sa
kon1o ronopn Maenon, nn kora1o e ana xnenne, ne enn no-
nek ka1o Maenon, sa koro1o caxo nnnnx1 kanpns e xepoanen,
sa saonoxnane1o, na ko1o nono nsonanana nc1nna1a, xoxe a
re npoecop?
H c nayka1a na Bnmxanon. Maenon ne e crracen.
Bnmxanon eme npo1nn 1esa1a, ne rrapn1e ca xynn. Br-
rapn1e cnope nero ca noxkn 1ypnn, samo1o 1o n okasa, ne
nxe1o rrapnn snaneo ,xrx o1 Bora, nooxannn. Maenon
oane nnme:
8)
n cnox1 ,Ceschichte der bulgarischen Sprache, 1929,
S. 17.
,3a xene rrapcko1o yrap ne e ,xrx o1 Bora, kak1o o-
cera xnceme Bnmxanon, a xees (Mischling) Toxamek nn
cxecnan (Aufmischer). n npnnaexn krx 1ypcko-1a1apcko1o y-
axak (yaxan).
,Enn Bnmxanon ne e n nnponex paspemn 1osn nrnpoc.
A nonexe Maenon kasa sa pao1a1a na Henon, kox1o ce npo1n-
nonoc1anxme na Bnmxanona1a e1nxoornx, ne 1x ce enn
Bnmxanon e perpec, 1o 1o n 1yk nono e nsonann nc1nna1a, sa
a yxsnn Henon.
Maenon kasa ne caxo, ne rrapn1e nxxan nnmo omo c
xynn1e, samo1o pnnon n okasa 1ona, no n ne onx, ko1o cnn-
1a rrapn1e sa xynn, nxxa npano na naynnoc1. To oane nnme:
9)
,Bnsko1o cpoc1no na npo1orrapn1e n xynn1e, sa a ne
kaxex nen1n1e1a nx, nec ne xoxe a ce ocnopna. C 1ona
Maenon npne npnnnnna na Henon, npo1nn koro1o 1o xnrpn
1okona xepsoc1n. Henon nnponex n n 1ona o1nomenne e n
npan. A nonexe onx, ko1o cnn1a xynn1e sa rrapn, nxxa npa-
no na naynnoc1, 1o npo. Maenon, ka1o nen1nnnnpa rra-
pn1e c xynn1e, okasna, ne 1o cax nxxa npano na naynnoc1.
28
Kora1o Maenon kexeme c pasnn enn1e1n Henon, samo1o
n 1nrpx, ne xynn1e ca rrapn, ne rrapn1e ne ca omn o1
Bora n np., nne o1anaxxe 1ona na nenrsnn1anoc1 n nesnanne.
Ho mox 1o rpxn cnox1a nenpnxsnenoc1 n ce ka1o npnsna
npnnnnna na Henon, nne cxe npnnyenn a kaxex, ne 1o ne ce
prkonon o1 nc1nna1a, a o1 kanpns n nono, yxnmeno, sayx-
ana xopa1a. Hayka n e xona?
Maenon kasa sa Mne1nn, ne c nenepnn1e cn 1nrpennx ne-
nono sayxana nn1a1en1e cn, 1a ro nocrne1na a ce nonpa-
nn. A kakno a kaxex sa Maenon, ko1o nono sayxana nn-
1a1en1e cn, ka1o npnnncna na Henon pasnn nennannn n no 1o-
sn nannn ocye1xna paspao1nane1o na enn npoex, ko1o e o1
xnsneno snanenne sa rrapcknx napo? Maenon e rpxanen
nnnonnnk. Moxe n nerono1o nanac1no a ce onnpa na nerona1a
opocrnec1noc1? Moxe n 1o a nxpna na yxn1e xy? C 1osn
nrnpoc nanac1no1o xy nce me 1pxna a ce sannxae enn en.
yxa1a npoecop snann ,nsnonennk na nc1nna1a. Ko1o nxxa
1ona xopano kanec1no, ne xoxe a re npoecop.
10. Bacn 3axackn
3a1apckn ce xnn na nc1opnnecka1a cnena c 1esa1a, ne rra-
pn1e ca 1ypnn, kon1o nn omn no non1ec1no1o na Acna-
pyx ena n 679 ronna o1krx pekn1e Bora n on, n ocnonan
rrapcka rpxannna xexy ynan n Bakana.
Ocnonanakn ce na Hpenek n pyrn, 3a1apckn o1xnrpn xo-
x1a kanna1ypa sa onen1, samo1o crx 1nrpx, ne xynn1e nn
ckn1n1e ca rrapn. A kora1o Hpenek, ko1o n cnox1a ,Hc1opnx
na rrapn1e yneme, ne rrapn1e ca nyn nn nnn, n
,Ceschichte der Serben nanycna 1ona renme n npne xoe1o, ne
rrapn1e ca xynn. H opa1no: 3a1apckn nsxenn ,naynnn1e cn
cxnamannx n n ,Hc1opnx na nrpno1o rrapcko napc1no (1918
r.) nsoc1ann onosnnnx1a cn npo1nn rrapnsxa na xynn1e n kasa,
ne xnnxnx1 ocnona1e na rrapcka1a rpxana Acnapyx n o-
mr naneo na xynorynypn n Mnsnx.
Ho ne caxo 1ona. To ce o1en o1 c1apo1o cxnamane na Ba-
apnk, Hpenek n p. no o1nomenne na c1apn1e cenma na rra-
pn1e. oka1o onesn ynexa, ne rrapn1e nrpnonanano ca xnnee-
n nokpa Vpackn1e nannnn n pekn1e Bora n Kaxa, 3a1apc-
kn noc1ann C1apa Brrapnx na cenep o1 Kankaskn1e nannnn, 1.e.
1ax, kre1o cnope Hpokon eno npexe ca xnnen xynn1e. One-
29
sn, kon1o ocnonaxa rrapcka1a rpxana, ne xxa nnponex r-
rapn, samo1o rrapn1e nonn nxe1o cn o1 peka Bora, a ocno-
na1en1e na rrapcka1a rpxana ne ooxa o1 Bora, a o1 Kan-
kaskn1e nannnn n ne ce kasnaxa rrapn, a xynn. C 1ona 1o na-
nrno ce o1konn o1 Baapnk n Hpenek n 1prrna no nr1x, ko-
1o nokasa Henon.
11. Ieoraqckn nere na ,noennnxe oneannn
Xopa1a cnrypno ca nxan xnoro omo xnenne sa rrapn1e,
ako 1e, ce ka1o ce paspa, ne na Bakancknx noyoc1pon xnnee
nxkakrn cn rrapckn napo, 1prrnaxa no sexno1o kro a 1rp-
cx1 o1 ko nn napo ca nponsesn 1nx cnope 1xx nnn rrapn.
Aeko Konc1an1nnon o1nmr n Axepnka. 3a a c1nrne n
Axepnka, 1o e xnna npes xnoro rpxann n e nnx xnoro na-
pon, oane 1o ne naxepn nnkakno cpoc1no na rrapn1e c
nxkon o1 ky1ypnn1e napon. Takona 1o naxepn caxo c axepn-
kanckn1e nnann. Hexy e nanpanno nnena1enne, ne nocnx1a n
onnan1e na axepnkanckn1e nnann nxan cxoc1no c 1esn na ce-
xnn1e o1 Concko. Hxa snann nemo necanxncko n neenpo-
necko y rrapckn1e cexnn n Concka1a okonoc1. To, nsr-
exa, ne snaeme, ne n Concko ne e c1anao nnkakno cxecnane
xexy xonronn n canxnn, samo1o 1ona cxecnane e c1anao n
Cenepons1onna Brrapnx o1nr C1apa nannna.
Hanyckaxe Axepnka n npexnnanaxe n Enpona.
Brrapn1e ca o1 nnckn nponsxo, kasna Baapnk. Brs oc-
nona na 1ona n 1pxnao a kaxex, ne npao1enec1no1o na r-
rapn1e ce e naxnpao n nemna nnannx. Ho nonexe o1 1ona
n nsxso, ne rrapn1e ca xopa, kak1o n pyrn1e enponenn, 1o
Baapnk kasa, ne rrapn1e nn nnn, no 1esn nnn ca xnnen
no Vpackn1e nannnn.
Piocep ne ce saonon n c 1ona. Bnxakn no ncxka nepox1-
noc1, ne nemnn1e rrapn ce ,cauonsnmax, 1o ,naynno o-
kasa, ne rrapn1e ca caxoen, kon1o ca xnneen n Cnnp, nok-
pa Heonn1nx okean, ns1onno o1 Vpackn1e nannnn.
Hokonnx1 npoecop Hmnpkon xn kasname nenrx, ne 1o
pasronapx c enn xnonen, ko1o xy kasa, ne n Cnnp n Znonnx
nxao cyxa rrapn.
peen naxepn n 1a1apcknx rpa Borap na p. Bora 1a1ap-
ckn, 1ypckn, apackn n apxenckn nanncn, o1 koe1o 1o npann
sakmnenne, ne rrapn1e ca 1ypnn. 3amo 1o o1 1esn nanncn
30
ne nsnan sakmnenne, ne rrapn1e ca 1a1apn nn apan, nn
apxennn, a ca 1ypnn, ne kasna? Moxe n nckame c 1osn cno nnc-
1o cyek1nnen nsno a npnxnpn rrapcknx napo c 1ypcko1o
nannec1no. Honexe 1ypnn1e nn 1ypkxenn1e xnneexa n Hen1-
pana Asnx, 1o 1yk no cera npao1enec1no1o na rrapn1e.
Enn rrapckn okopnc1 e yc1anonn, ne nrn okopno
o1nomenne nxao enaknoc1 xexy rrapn n cnaxnn, kon1o
xnnex1 no pera na Tnxnx okean.
Ha-ce1ne n an1ponoosn1e cn kasaxa yxa1a nrpxy napo-
noc11a na rrapn1e. Konepnnnkn kpakonckn npoecop, naxe-
pn n Bykypem enn nepen na nxko cn Hnkoa Hacny, ko1o 1o
oxnn sa rrapckn. Ce pasnnnn npoynnannx na 1osn nepen
an1ponoosn1e c1nrnan o nsnoa, ne rrapn1e no nepenna1a
cn opxa ca cponn c anc1panckn1e nnann, kon1o n yxc1neno
o1nomenne c1ox1 no-oy o1 xaxynn1e.
Kaxo sanonneu ox Auenka n cn+mnu c Ancxann, nnua
nno neue, koexo a ne e noconeno kaxo naoxen na +ranxe.
Hne ycnxxxe a crkpa1nx 1osn nocxnam ce no nnoxo seuno
k+o qonx. ,Henpnx1ex1 ce o11ern o1 Vpa, o1 Cnnp, o1 An-
c1panx n Cnax, o1 1a1apcka nen1pana Asnx n ce cnpx na Kankas-
kn1e nannnn. onxn ce nnponex o Enpona. Be nnnx an me
xoxe a sanasn n 1asn cn nosnnnx, nonexe noennn1e kasna1, ne
mox ena apxnx noc1oxnno ce naxnpa n o1c1rnenne, 1x ryn y-
xa cn n na-ce1ne ce npeana. Hamnx1 npenapn1een ycnex ce crc-
1on n n 1ona, ne kankaska1a paca e na-kpacnna1a nonemka paca.
IHABA II
CTAPA BTHIAPHB
1. Cxaoxo oxenecxno na xynnxe
3a1apckn cn xnceme, ne ka1o noc1anx Kypa1ona Brrapnx
o Kankaskn1e nannnn, me xoxe a cnacn none nemo o1 asna1-
mnna1a na rrapn1e. Tona oane ne xoxa a c1ane no xnoro
npnnnnn. Xynn1e ca xnneen ec1nn1eno n eno npanpexe
nokpa Kankaskn1e nannnn, oane n nc1opnnecko npexe, npen
a ce nye nxe1o canxnn, 1e xnneexa nokpa ynan, kre1o n ne1-
nrp1n nek nxaxa cnoe roxxo napc1no. O1 1esn ynanckn1e xy-
31
nn, nponsxsoxa Kynpa1 n cnnone1e xy, a ne o1 nxkaknn cn cera
omn asna1nn.
Tona caxo sa oma opnen1nponka, a cera na-ranno1o.
Ha-c1apnx1 an1op, ko1o nnme, ne xynn1e nxkora ca xnnen
nokpa Kankaskn1e nannnn, e Hpokon. A Hpokononnx1 Kankas,
nokpa ko1o ca xnnen xynn1e, ce e naxnpa n Tpaknx n Hn-
pnx, a ne n Asnx. Hxakn npenn 1ona, Hpokon nnme:
,O1 nonoxnx1a na Kankaska1a nannna enn ca orpna1n
krx cenep n sana n ce npoc1npa1 npes sexx1a na nnpnnn1e n
1paknnn1e, pyrn ca orpna1n krx ns1ok n mr n c1nra1 o npo-
xon1e, n kon1o xnnex1 xynn1e n nox1 krx sexx1a na nepcn1e n
poxen1e (rrpnn1e), o1 kon1o ennnx1 ce kasna Tnyp (Hopy).
10)
Hpokon nnponex napnname Kankaska nannna ena 1pakon-
npncka nannncka nepnra, kox1o cnrpmname ns1onno npn Hop-
y. Tyk, n Tpaknx n Hnpnx, e na ponna1a na xynn1e cnope ne-
ro. Onnpaxe n ce na Hpokon, 1pxna n a cymaxe kakno kasna
1o. To, nponee, kasna, ne xynnxe ca cxan xakonnnnnn. Hpo-
kon ne e ennc1nen, ko1o 1nrpn 1ona, samo1o npen nero ca ka-
san crmo1o pyrn xnoro no-c1apn an1opn ka1o Ecxn, Xepoo1
n p. C1paon nanpnxep, cnn1akn Kankas sa 1pakonnpncka
nannncka nepnra, nnme, ne neronn1e ckonone o1nnan nak o
Apna1nnecko xope. Hokpa nero ca xnnen ckn1n1e (xynn1e), a-
annn1e n axann1e. o Kankaskn1e nannnn, o kon1o ca xnnen
n axann1e, kon1o ne ca nn asna1ckn, a 1ecanckn napo, ca
xnnen n xynn1e. 3a1apckn e nse o1 Hpokon caxo yxa1a Kan-
kas, a ne n cxncra, n ko1o Hpokon e yno1pen 1asn yxa. A
Kannnk ynennk na cn. Xnna1n, ko1o e nnca cnox 1py oko-
o 447 r., 1.e. c1o ronnn npen Hpokon, nnme sa xynn1e:
,Bapnapcknx1 xynckn napo, ko1o xnneeme n Tpaknx, o-
1okona napacna, ne sae nonene o1 c1o rpaa n xako oc1ana a
sac1pamn (sansexe) n Hapnrpa.
11)
Xynn1e nnponex npes V nek ca on1anan nxa Tpaknx. Tesn
xynn pasrexa Hpokon, a ne asna1nn. Tesn xynn ca napenenn
noce rrapn. 3a1apckn ne e npoynna 1esn nscenannx.
2. Meoxnc, Knuenn n Cknxn
Xynn1e ca c1apn 1pakonnpnnn ne caxo sa 1ona, samo1o ca
xnnen nokpa 1pakonnpnckn1e nannnn, a n samo1o 1e cno-
pe Hpokon n pyrn neronn crnpexennnnn ca xnnen n nokpa
Meo1ncko1o a1o, nn Meo1ncknx kana, n ce nen1nnnn-
32
pa1 crc c1apn1e knxepnn. Xepoo1 eeme ckn1cka1a paca na
ckn1n n knxepnn, kon1o eno npexe ca xnnen nokpa Meo1nc n
Knxepncknx kana. Hpokon oane nnme: onesn, kon1o nxkora ce
kasnaxa knxepnn, nec ce kasna1 xynn, a kon1o n c1apo npexe ce
kasnaxa ckn1n, nec ce kasna1 ro1n. Tr ne, oka1o Xepoo1 1nrp-
eme, ne nokpa Meo1nc ca xnnen knxepnn n ckn1n, Hpokon n
crnpexennnnn1e xy kasaxa: 1ax ca xnneen xynn n ro1n. A sa a
pasepex kre ca xnnen xynn1e n ro1n1e, 1pxna a snaex kak-
no ca pasnpan n onesn npexena no Meo1ncko a1o nn Me-
o1nckn kana.
Xepoo1 nnme, ne Hon1r1 (Hepno xope) opasyna enn ka-
na, ko1o ce kasna Meo1nc, n ce nsnna n Hon1a non1n 1ax, kr-
e1o n 1o cax ce nsnna.
12)
Tosn kana nn sann e 3a1nnx1 por, samo1o 1o ce opasy-
na o1 Hepno xope n ce nsnna 1ax, kre1o ce nsnna n Hepno xo-
pe. Ho-xcno e nspasena 1asn xncr o1 Ecxn, Anooop, Hpokon
n pyrn.
Ho-c1apnx1 o1 Xepoo1 Ecxn, npeanakn yxn1e na Hpo-
xe1e sa xrc1no1o na Ho, rmepx1a na Hnax, knxs na Aproc,
kasna, ne Ho xnnaa npes Meo1ncknx kana, sa a nsxra o1 En-
pona n Asnx.
Hc1opnx1a na Ho cnope paskasa na Anooop
13)
, nspasena c
nxkoko yxn, e cena1a:
3enc ce n nmn n Ho, no Xepa o1 sannc1 x npenrpnaa n
kpana. Torana 3enc npne opasa na nk, no Xepa, sa a rn pase-
n o1nono, nycnaa c1rpme nrpxy kpana1a Ho. Hoyena o1
nsxrnnamnx x c1rpme, kpana1a Ho nanycnaa kpapexne1o na
Honnnecknx sann, cnycnaa ce npes Hnpnx krx Xexyc (C1apa
nannna), ce1ne sanna krx mrons1ok, xnnaa npes sexx1a na
ckn1n1e n knxepnn1e n npexnnaa npes Tpakncka1a 1ecno1nx o1
Enpona n Asnx, nopan koe1o 1asn 1ecnnna ce napeka Boc-nop
(nockn po nn npoxo). Ho, cnope Anooop, na npexnna-
a n Asnx npes nemnnx Bocop. Ha-c1apnx1, Ecxn, oane kas-
na, ne Hpoxe1e n kasa na Ho, na-nanpe a 1prrne no nr1x
krx ns1ok, kre1o me c1nrne o sexx1a na ckn1amn1e ce ckn1n,
no a ne ce onxana o 1xx, a a ce o1npann krx xope1o. ,Tn
me c1nrnem, kasa 1o, o peka1a Xnpnc1a. Ho nonexe no
1pyno a ce xnne npes nex, 1o Ho a xnne npes Kankaska1a na-
nnna, o1 kox1o nsnnpaa peka1a Xnpnc1a (Hrp, Mapnna) n a
cese o1 nex na mr. ,Tn no 1osn nannn, kasa Hpoxe1e, me c1nr-
nem o Knxxepncknx noc, ko1o ce xne o1 1xcno1o yc1ne na
33
(Meo1ncknx) kana. Hero (noca) 1pxna cxeo a nanycnem n a
npexnnem Meo1ncknx kana. Xopa1a me nxa xnoro a npnkas-
na1 sa 1ox nr1 n me ro napnna1 Bocnop (nockn nr1).
14)
Ka1o Knxepnckn noc Ecxn e oosnann nemnnx noc Ia-
a1a. Hpn nero ce naxnpa yc1ne1o na 3a1nnx por, ko1o Ecxn
e napekr Meo1nckn kana. Ho e ckonna o1 Iaa1a n 3a1nnx
por n 1orana e npenynaa Tpakncka1a 1ecnnna. O1 Ecxn nay-
nanaxe ome, ne ckn1n1e n knxepnn1e ca xnnen no onona npexe
n Tpaknx n ne Kankas e n xaknncka nannna, nepox1no nem-
na Pna, samo1o o1 Pna nsnnpa peka Xnncxa, Hrp (Mapnna).
Kankaskn1e nannnn ca ce naxnpan cnope Ecxn n Anooop
xexy Honncko xope n C1apa nannna, a Meo1ncknx1 kana
mrons1onno o1 1xx npn nemnnx Bocop, samo1o nero npexnna-
a Ho, sa a o1ne n Asnx.
C1paon nnme, ne Enkcnncknx1 non1 (Hepno xope .a.) ce
en na ne xope1a.
B cpea1a xy nsnrknan na noca. Ennnx1 o1krx Enpona n
cenepnn1e nac1n, a pyrnx nacpema o1 Asnx. Te c1ecnxna1 nr1x n
cpea1a (opasyna1 Tpakncka1a 1ecnnna, nn Bocopa) n no 1o-
sn nannn crsana1 ne xope1a. Enponecknx1 noc ce kasna Kpn-
yxe1onon, a asna1cknx1 Kapaxnc. B Knnep1ona1a kap1a
Illyricum et Thracia XVII c nxe1o Metopon e o1exsan nocr1, o-
pasynam ce xexy 3a1nnx por n Bocopa, ko1o n nec ce kas-
na Iaa1a n Hepa. Tosn noc nxa nn na onnemka rana, nn on-
nemko neo, sa1ona C1paon ro napnna Kpny (onnemko) xe1onon
(neo, nne). Ecxn ro napene Knxepnckn noc, samo1o no nero
ca xnnen knxepnnn1e. Honexe yc1ne1o na 3a1nnx por xne 1o-
sn Knxepnckn noc, C1paon ro napene Knxepnckn Bocop. Ho
nanycna sexx1a na knxepnnn1e, 1.e. nemna Iaa1a, kora1o nan-
ese n yc1ne1o na 3a1nnx por.
Ocnen 1ona C1paon nnme, ne Meo1ncknx1 kana ce nsnna
n Hon1a npes Knxepncknx Bocop, a 1o npes Tpakncknx n
Hponon1a, 1.e. n Mpaxopno xope.
15)
Cnope 1ona C1paon e napekr 3a1nnx por, Meo1nckn ka-
na, a yc1ne1o xy Knxepnckn Bocop, samo1o 1o ce nnna n
Tpakncknx Bocop.
Kecknx1 nnca1e annyc Hoce (37100 r. ce Xp.) nn-
me, ne rrpnn1e napnnan raa1n1e roxap (knxepnn), a xarorn1e
ckn1n.
16)
H o1 1ona cnne1eck1no ce nnxa, ne nemen Iaa1a e n nace-
xnan eno npexe o1 knxepnn, samo1o raa1n1e ca napenenn knxepnn.
34
Hpokon nrk, noono na Xepoo1, nnme, ne Enkcnncknx1
non1 opasyna Meo1ncknx kana n 1ene naxno n naxcno o1 ne-
ro, sa1ona kanar1 ce kasna xaka na 1osn non1. Tona kasnan
cnne1ec1namn1e, samo1o 1o (kanar1) 1ene o1 1r napeneno-
1o Xnepo (na yc1ne1o na 3a1nnx por), kre1o cnrpmna 1osn
non1, krx Bnsan1nx nrn nn na peka.
17)
Hpokononnx1 Meo1nc e nnponex 3a1nnx1 por, samo1o 1o
1ene o1 Xnepo krx Bnsan1nx nrn nn na peka.
Tyk, a ne n Asnx nn nrk nokpa Asoncko xope, ca xnnen cnope
Xepoo1 knxepnn1e n ckn1n1e, a cnope Hpokon xynn1e n ro1n1e.
3. Cxaa B+rann
Kak1o kasaxxe, Hpokon napnna Xepoo1onn1e knxepnn xynn,
a Xepoo1onn1e ckn1n ro1n. Teoan n Hnknop nrk napekoxa
Hpokononn1e ro1n rrapn. oka1o Xepoo1 nnme, ne nokpa
Meo1ncknx kana ca xnnen knxepnn n ckn1n, a Hpokon ne
1ax ca xnnen xynn n ro1n, Teoan n Hnknop nnma1, ne 1ax ca
xnnen xynn nn xynorynypn n rrapn. Ka1o rrapn 1e ca
oosnannn Xepoo1onn1e ckn1n nn Hpokononn1e ro1n. E1o sa-
mo nne napnnaxe ro1n1e rrapn. Teoan n Hnknop onpeex1
ponna1a na 1esn xynn n rrapn no cennx nannn:
Teoan nnme:
,Hyxno e cera a paskaxex n sa c1apnna1a na xynorynypn-
1e, rrapn1e n ko1parn1e (a Hnknop kasna: xynn1e n rrapn-
1e). B cenepnn1e npexnnaexn nac1n na Enkcnncknx non1, n 1r
napenennx Meo1nckn kana, sanonna 1r napenena1a peka Ky-
nc (Hnknop x napnna Konc), kox1o ce nprma (nsnna) na kpax
na Hon1ncko1o xope, nso o Hekponnn1e, npn 1r napene-
nnx noc Kpnynpoconon.
Hpn Kpnynpoconon, nn Me1onon, ce e nsnna C1paono-
nnx1 Bocop, 1r ne Teoan n Hnknop ca napnnan C1paono-
nnx Bocop peka Konna, nn Ionenna, kox1o e 1eka na kpax na
Hon1a nokpa Iaa1a.
Ce 1ona Teoan nporxana:
,O1 kasannx kana (kre1o sanonnaa p. Konna) xope1o e
ka1o peka n 1ene npes sexx1a na Bocopa n Knxepnx n Enkcnnc-
knx non1. O1 1osn kana nokpa p. Konna ce npoc1npa C1apa
Ioxxa Brrapnx.
18)
C1apa Brrapnx e onnpaa o 3a1nnx por n e oexaa
nemna Iaa1a n Hepa.
35
Ka1o cpannnx Teoan crc c1apn1e nnca1en, nne nnxa-
xe, ne nerona1a pao1a npec1anxna ena koxnnannx o1 1ex-
nn1e xnennx. To non1opn Xepoo1, ka1o kasa, ne nerona1a p.
Kync e 1eka na kpax na Hepno xope (1.e. 1ax, kre1o Hepno
xope ce nnna n Mpaxopno). To e non1opn C1paon, ka1o
kasna, ne nerona1a p. Konna cnrpmnaa npn Kpnynpoconon
(onnemko nne), a C1paonono1o Kpnyxe1onon nec e Iaa1a.
Honexe 1yk cnrpmna 3a1nnx1 por, 1o n Teoan e napekr yc-
1ne1o na 3a1nnx por p. Konna. C1paononnx1 Meo1nckn
kana ce nsnna n xope1o npes Knxepncknx Bocop, 1osn
npes Tpakncknx. Teoan nrk nnme, ne nerona1a p. Konna 1e-
ne npes sexx1a na Bocopa n Knxepnx, nxec1o a kaxe, ne e
1eka npes Knxepncknx Bocop. Tyk Teoan e non1opn
C1paon. To e non1opn n Hpokon, ko1o nnme, ne o1 Xnepo
(na yc1ne1o na 3a1nnx por) krx Bnsan1nx xope1o 1eko nrn
nn na peka. Honexe nerona1a C1apa Brrapnx ce e naxnpaa
1ax, kre1o xope1o 1ene nrn nn na peka n nonexe cnope
Hpokon xope1o npaneo 1ona o1 Xnepo na 3a1nnx por o Bn-
san1nx, xo xyk ce e naunaa Cxaa Ionua B+rann. Teoa-
nonn1e xynn n rrapn ca nnponex Ecxnonn1e ckn1n n knxe-
pnn, 1.e. npaxn1en1e na Tpaknx n Hnpnx. C1apa Brrapnx ce
e naxnpaa n Tpaknx o Bocopa. Mncxoxo na nemnnn Ha-
nra ce e nacennao nnkora ox +ran. Tyk 1pxna ocoe-
no a ns1rknex, ne Teoan n Hnknop no rrapn ca pasn-
pan npenxno napoa, ko1o no-c1apn1e cpenonekonnn nn-
ca1en napnnaxa ro1n. Bxec1o xynn n ro1n, 1e kasnaxa xynn n
rrapn. Brrapcka1a rpxana cnope 1xx e opasynana o1 xy-
nn1e n ro1n1e na no-c1apn1e nnca1en: sa1ona as kasax, ne ro-
1n1e ca rrapn.
Cromenn1e 1yk annn ne ca o1enn ak1n, a cnc1exa,
kox1o ce norpxa o1 ncnnkn c1apn nnca1en. Taka nanpn-
xep, sa xynyrypn1e nn xynorynypn1e, kon1o opasynaxa r-
rapcka1a rpxana, Hopan, ko1o e nnca cnox1a knnra oko-
o 552 r., kasna: Te xnneexa na-nanpe nokpa Meo1ncko1o
a1o (npen Tpoxncka1a nona), ce 1ona n Mnsnx, Tpaknx
n aknx; no-krcno nak ce cnoxenana1 n Ckn1nx nokpa Hon-
1ncko1o xope n np.
19)
Tesn xynorypn opasynaxa rrapcka1a
rpxana
36
IHABA III
BTHIAPHTE CHOPE HO-CTAPHTE
CPEHOBEKOBHH HHCATEHH
1. Mexo+x na B. 3axackn
Hoconenn1e o1yk ak1n 3a1apckn ne e nse no nnnxanne,
a kasna nsxncnnn, ne c1apa Brrapnx ce naxnpaa n Asnx. Ho-
nexe nerona1a ne ne eme a yc1anonn nc1nna1a, a a samn1n
1esa1a, ne rrapn1e ca krcnn npnmrnn n nemno1o cn o1enec-
1no, na koe1o 1e nxxa1 nc1opnnecko npano, 1o sa samn1a na 1a-
sn 1esa 1o nn ne cromaname annn1e, kon1o x onponepranaxa,
nn nrk, ako rn cromaname, npeaname rn n nsonanena opxa.
a kaxex, ne 3a1apckn ne e n paspa nsoxeno1o o1 nac sa
C1apa Brrapnx, samo1o sa 1ona ce ncka xako nonenko nanpx-
rane na yxa, no nxa onennnn ak1n, kon1o 1o e snae, n none-
xe ne e xorr a rn onponeprae, 1o npoc1o rn e npexrna. Tyk
neka noconnx caxo nxkoko 1aknna:
1. 3a1apckn e snae, ne cnope Hnknop Iperopac, kak1o no-
connxxe, rrapn1e npen mec1n nek ca naeen ne caxo ne1e
Mnsnn, no n Makeonnx n oc1anaa1a Hnpnx, no 1o e npexr-
na 1osn ak1.
2. 3a1apckn e snae, ne n xponnka1a na Manacn ce kasna, ne
no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Anac1acn (491 518) rrapn1e sanse-
n ona1a Oxpncka sexx n nxa Makeonnx, no ro e npexrna.
3. 3a1apckn e snae sa kap1a1a na cn. Heponnx (IV n.), n ko-
x1o Mnsnx e napenena Brrapnx: mesia hec et vulgaria, no ne ro e
cnoxena.
4. 3a1apckn e snae, ne n xponnka1a na nanka1a Hoan o1
Hnkny, Mnsnx e napenena ,nponnnnnx Brrapnx. Tax ce kasna,
ne poennx1 n 3aaa, nec Byxen, Bn1anan ce e n nanrna
(516 r.) npo1nn nxnepa1op Anac1acn. Cpemy nero nxnepa1op
Anac1acn e nsnpa1n no xope krx Bapna noenanannka Knpn.
Cpaxenne1o c1anao xexy Byxen n Bapna, ce koe1o Knpn
ce o11ern nrn Bapna n cnpx 1ax, a Bn1anan oc1ana n npo-
nnnnnx1a Brrapnx.
20)
Ako c1aname yxa caxo sa rrapn, n xoro a ce noxnc-
n, ne rrapn1e no 1ona npexe ca omn o1nxkre cn n Mnsnx.
Ho nonexe caxa1a Mnsnx n ne1nrp1n n ne1n nek ce e kasnaa
37
Brrapnx n nponnnnnx Brrapnx, xnno e, ne c1apn1e xnsnnn ca
napnnann rrapn n ne Brrapnx npen Acnapyx e na nponnn-
nnx na Hs1onnopnxcka1a nxnepnx, koe1o no1nrpxana kasano1o
o1 Teoan, ne C1apa Brrapnx e onnpaa o Bocopa. Tesn
,penn ak1n 3a1apckn aronon a npexrnn.
5. 3a1apckn e snae, ne Hopan (VI n.) nnme, ne rrapn1e
ca xnnen nokpa Hepno xope, n 1o na mr o1 ynan, samo1o o1-
1yk 1e nenrx ce crmsnn crc ckanenn1e n an1n1e, kon1o ca xn-
nen na cenep o1 ynan, a pyr nr1 c rennn1e n xepyn1e, ko-
n1o xnnen n Iopna Hanonnx. To e snae, ne kak1o nnme Panen-
cknx1 kosxorpa (IV, 6), cnope Hopan, ,n ona Mnsnx, Tpa-
knx nn Makeonnx caxo rrapn xnnex1.
H 1asn ,peonx, kox1o onponeprana 1esa1a xy, ne rra-
pn1e ca nn oneenn n ona Mnsnx o1 Acnapyx, a Tpaknx n
Makeonnx nnkora ne ca nn rrapckn, 1o npexrnana.
6. 3a1apckn e snae sa cnncrka na rrapckn1e knxse, n ko-
1o Hpnnk na-xanx1 A1non cnn, ce cnoxenana ka1o r-
rapckn knxs, ko1o ce 460 r. e knxsyna na mr o1 ynan, n
nemna opyxa; ne knxxec1no1o na knxsynanx npen Acna-
pyx, Besxep ce e npoc1npao o1 ne1e c1pann na ynan; ne r-
rapcka1a nnac1nx nponsnsaa o1 nexe1o ,oyo, c1ap kpa-
ynanckn ckn1ckn napo, a ne o1 caxoen, 1ypko1a1apn n np. n-
nann. Ha ncnnko 1ona 3a1apckn ne e orpna nnnxanne n nnme
nsxncnnn, ne Acnapyx sa nprn nr1 n one 1ypckn rrapn n
Mnsnx n np.
7. 3a1apckn e nosnana xnoro ope 1pyone1e na Konc1an-
1nn Hopnporene1, ko1o nnme, ne nxnepa1op Konc1an1nn Ben-
kn (306 o 337) nopan nap1nsanckn1e nanakn na ckn1n1e (xynn-
1e) n na caxn1e rrapn nanpann o1 Tpaknx ocoena 1exa (sa sa-
mn1a na Hapnrpa), o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne rrapn1e no npexe-
1o na Konc1an1nn Benkn ca xnnen n Mnsnx, nrk n n Tpaknx.
22)
Ha pyro xxc1o, onncnakn noxnxnane1o na crpn1e n nc1o-
pnx1a, c1anao no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Xepakn (610 641),
kora1o 1e o1nxkre cn omn npn nxnepa1opa, Hopnporene1
nnme:
,Kora1o Brrapnx ce naxnpame no pnxcka nac1, yxpx
knxsr1 na crpn1e, ko1o e nsxra npn nxnepa1opa.
Honexe 1esn cnne1ec1na no1nrpxana1 Teoan sa 1ona, ne
C1apa Brrapnx e oeuaa n Taknn o Bocqoa, n aanen-
xe, n noneme ox xnx n cennxe nnmax, ne nen Acnayx B+-
rann e c+mecxnynaa na mr ox ynan n ne 1x e crc1anxnaa
38
nac1 o1 Pnxcka1a nxnepnx, 3a1apckn, sa a samn1n xncr1a, ne
rrapn1e ca nnn ,caxoen, ne rn cnoxenana. Pasnpa ce, ne
mox ncnnko 1ona ce npexrnn, 1orana rrapn1e ca ncnnko py-
ro, no ne n onona, koe1o ca.
Ho nayka n e 1ona n c npano n ce ncka1 napn o1 rrapc-
knx napo sa 1asn nayka?
2. I+nkn n axnnckn anxon sa cxannnocxxa na +ranxe
Ha-naxnn1e cnne1ec1na 3a1apckn ne cromn, a onesn,
kon1o 1o cnoxena, rn cnoxena n nsonanena opxa. Tr nanpn-
xep, Teoan, ko1o napnna rrapn xnneemn1e n Tpaknx n Hn-
pnx Hpokononn xynn, o1exsnakn crn1nx1a n Hs1onna1a Pnx-
cka nxnepnx no ronna 494, nnme: ,B 1asn ronna (494) n 1r
napnnann1e rrapn, kon1o xnneexa n Hnpnx n Tpaknx, nanaa-
xa n ce o1prnnaxa, npen a rn saeexn nonek.
23)
Teoan, ka1o napnna rrapn1e ,1r napnnann1e cera rra-
pn, ncka a kaxe, ne 1paknnn1e n nnpnnn1e cera nn napn-
nann rrapn. Ako c1ana nrnpoc sa napo, ko1o o1nanao e no-
cn nxe1o rrapn, 1o n n napenen ,rrapn, a ne ,1r na-
pnnann1e rrapn. Teoan ronopn n sa apan, apxennn n np.,
oane ne rn napnna ,1r napnnann1e apan, apxennn n np. Ka-
1o kasna ,1r napnnann1e rrapn, 1o ncka a kaxe, ne nxe1o
na 1osn napo ocera e no pyro, a cera e rrapn.
B. 3a1apckn cnoxenana npnneeno1o 1yk n cnox1a Hc1opnx
(I.46) 1r: ,Teoan nrk, ka1o ronopn sa 1ona namec1nne (na ky1-
pnrypn1e, sa kon1o Teoan 1yk nnmo ne ronopn .a.), cnoxena-
na, ne rrapn1e naxr1an n n Hnpnx, npen a ce ysnae sa
1xx! Brrapn1e snann ce nn nnrnan o1 Asnx n es a rn sa-
eexn nxko, npexnnan pekn1e Bora, on, nenrp, nec1rp
n ynan, npekocnn C1apa nannna n Poonn1e n ,naxr1an n
Hnpnx, 1.e. Makeonnx n Aannx, es a rn saeexn nxko.
xnon rrapn! Kora1o o1 Teoan ce pasnpa, ne neononn1e
o1 pnxcko1o nannec1no rrapn ca nonn n Hnpnx n Tpaknx
nap1nsancka nona npo1nn pnxxnn1e.
Teoan e xnnx n kpax na VIII n nanao1o na IX nek, a Ko-
xec Mapnenn, ko1o e nnpnen n crnpexennnk na 1esn crn1nx,
o1exsna n cnox1a xponnka no ronna 499 ceno1o: ,Apnc1,
noenanannkr1 na nnpnckn1e nockn, c ne1naece1xnxna nr-
oprxena nocka n 250 kon, na1onapenn c nyxno1o sa o cnapx-
xenne, 1prrna npo1nn rrapn1e, kon1o nxnkocnan Tpaknx.
39
Box1 ce sanrpsa npn p. Hyp1a (Hopy), kre1o xxa ynnmoxenn
nonene o1 ne1npn xnxn namn, no ka1o xraxa, no ka1o na-
axa o1 pera n peka1a.
Tyk ka1o rrapn ca oosnanenn Hpokononn1e xynn, samo1o
1e on1anan npoxoa Hyp1a. Honexe npa1ena1a npo1nn rra-
pn1e pnxcka nocka na okonna1eno pasn1a, ko oc1ana 1ora-
na rocnoap na Tpaknx? Brrapn1e. Brrapn1e, ce ka1o pasn-
n pnxcka1a apxnx n Tpaknx, naxyn 1orana n Hnpnx nn Ma-
keonnx. Tesn crn1nx ca c1anan no npexe1o na nxnepa1op
Anac1acn, a n Manacnena1a xponnka ce kasna, ne 1orana rra-
pn1e nn saen ona1a Oxpncka sexx n nxa Hnpnx. Bcnnko
1ona 3a1apckn ne e n nnx nn nrk ne e n paspa. Cera
neka oxcnnx enn ak1, c ko1o xnoro nr1n ce soyno1pexna.
naxa1a Teoopnxonnn: Teoopnx, Tpnaponnx1 cnn, n Teoo-
pnx, Teooxnponnx1 cnn, sanamnan crmec1nynane1o na Bnsan-
1ncka1a nxnepnx. Teoopnx, Tpnaponnx1 cnn, sanamna o1 O-
pnncko Hapnrpa, a pyrnx1 Teoopnx Hnpnx, n e sanse a-
xe Ennaxnyc (ypano). Torana nxnepa1op 3enon ce nnx npn-
nyen a ce cnrpxe n crms c 1r napenenn1e rrapn, oane Te-
oopnx, Tpnaponnx1 cnn, o1rcna xynn1e n ce o1npann sa Ha-
pnrpa.
24)
Ka1o rrapn Hoan An1noxnckn 1yk e osnann xynn1e, sa-
mo1o Tpnaponnx1 cnn o1rcna xynn, sa a nporxn nr1x cn,
a 1pxname a o1rcne rrapn.
B. 3a1apckn npeana 1ona crn1ne no cennx nannn:
,Krx 80-1e ronnn na V nek y crnpexennn1e nnca1en ns-
nrkna nxe1o ne na xynn1e(?), a na rrapn1e. Taka Hoan An1no-
xnckn nn cromana, ne npes 482 r., kora1o oc1ro1n1e nananan
npnynanckn1e nponnnnnn, nxnepa1op 3enon (474 491) ce nn-
x npnnyen a nonnka na noxom ,sa nprn nr1 1r napnnann1e
rrapn.
25)
3enon ne ,nonnka, a ce cnrpsa n crms c xnneemn1e xexy
Hapnrpa n Apna1nnecko1o kpapexne rrapn ranno npo-
1nn oc1poro1cknx Teoopnx, ko1o ne ce naxnpame na ynan, a n
ypano, na Apna1nnecknx pxr, n ce ro1neme a nanese n Teca-
nx. 3a a samn1n 1esa1a, ne rrapn1e ca krcnn xonrockn npn-
mrnn, 3a1apckn cn cyxn c nenc1nnn, ka1o kasna, ne 1ona cr-
n1ne e c1anao na ynan, oka1o 1o e c1anao na apna1nnec-
knx pxr. Cnope 3a1apckn ,3enon n nonnka o1 Hen1pana
Asnx rrapn1e npo1nn oc1ro1n1e, kon1o sanamnan ynanckn-
1e nponnnnnn, es a snae, pasnpa ce, ne oc1poro1n1e cxsoxa
40
o1 Hanonnx na mr n sansexa na-nanpe Makeonnx; ne ama1a
na Teoopnx Teooxnpon yxpx n Hpnencko; ne Teoopnx Teoo-
xnpon 1yk nacen ama cn n o11yk sanamname Hapnrpa n np.
Ho a kaxex, ne 3enon e one rrapn1e o1 Asnx na Ba-
kancknx noyoc1pon. ope. Tesn rrapn o1cera ne nsnesnaxa
o11yk. Te, kak1o no-rope noconnxxe, pasnxa n 499 r. pnxcka1a
apxnx npn Hopy n oc1anaxa rocnoapn na Tpaknx, ka1o sansexa
n Makeonnx. Ho 3a1apckn, ko1o cn e noc1ann sa ne a o-
kaxe, ne Tpaknx n Makeonnx, kon1o ca nyxnn na pyrn napon,
nnkora ne ca nn rrapckn, nnme, ne crn1nx1a, kon1o ca c1a-
nan n Hnpnx, nn c1anan na ynan! Maenon n kasa, ne
1o nono, yxnmeno, sayxana nn1a1en1e cn.
3. Cannnanonnn
3a a ce opn c ro1n1e, kon1o o1 ena c1pana, sac1pamanaxa
Hapnrpa, a o1 pyra Ennp n Tecanx, 3enon ce orpna sa no-
xom krx xnneemn1e xexy Tpaknx n Apna1nnecko xope rra-
pn n nasnann Eecknx (Boencknx) nonoa Cannnan sa noena-
nannk cpemy Teoopnx Teooxnpon. Cannnan cryxx c pasnn
xanenpnpannx a nakapa Teoopnx a nanycne Apna1nnecko1o
kpapexne n Makeonnx, no es a ro ynnmoxn. Honexe 3enon
ne e onoen o1 1osn nannn na ec1nne, 1o nsnpa1n ynnn a
ynnmoxa1 Cannnan, koro1o nc1opnnn1e napnna1 Benkn Teoo-
pnx Kpnnorenx1, nn Tpnapon, nana o1 kon n yxpx, a Teoo-
pnx, Teooxnponnx1 cnn, ce npnxnpn crc 3enon n ce o11ern n
Mnsnx, kox1o 1o nanycna npes 488 r., sa a saxnne sa H1anx n
a x sanaee sa 3enon. O1nnakn sa H1anx, 1o xnna npes Cnp-
xnyx, kre1o c nsxaxa nokopn n yn Tpanc1n, knxs na renn-
n1e. B crmo1o npexe 1o 1yk (n ona Hanonnx) nonan na no-
ecpaxenne1o n ena roxxa n1ka n Byca, knxs na rrapn1e.
26)
O1 npnneeno1o ce nnxa, ne rrapn1e no onona npexe (488
r.) ca nacexnan ne caxo Makeonnx, no n ona Hanonnx. He
rrapn sanapnxa n Hanonnx ro1n, a nanpo1nn ro1n sanapnxa
rrapn 1ax.
Ce cxrp11a na Caannan Benkn nnpnckn nn xakeon-
ckn nonoa c1ana cnnr1 xy nak na nxe Cannnan, koro1o Teo-
opnxonnx1 nrsxnan1e, Tnnnncknx1 ennckon Enon, napnna
rrapckn nonoa.
Ce ka1o Teoopnx c1ana n1ananckn kpa, 1o noncka
a npncrennn n Cnpxencka1a oac1 krx H1anx, samo1o 1asn
41
oac1 e cnaaa no-pano krx 3anana1a Pnxcka nxnepnx. B
Cnpxnyx knxsyna 1orana renncknx1 knxs Tpasepnk, cnnr1 na
Tpanc1n, koro1o Teoopnx e yn npn saxnnanane1o cn sa H1a-
nx. Hpn Tpasepnk xnnee n pa1onne xy Myno. Tpasepnk noc-
1oxnno ynepxna Teoopnx n cnox1a npeanoc1, no 1o ne xy nxp-
na, n nsnpa1n cnon1e aroponnnn Hnnn (Hena) n Xapynk
c nenocnemanana o1orana n o xaex, sa a sansexa1 Cnpxn-
yx. Hnnn ycnx a sansexe rpaa es o n ynpanxna oac1-
1a xyxanno ka1o coc1nena, a ne x orpana ka1o sanaxna. Irp-
nnx oane nsnosnaa 1ona nooxenne na crn1nx1a, sa a npe-
nsnnka nona c rrapn1e. Onpxna na ro1cka1a noxom, 1x ncka-
a a cnee rrapn1e no cnoe onekync1no. 3a 1asn ne 1x cne-
nena renna Myno na cnox c1pana, ko1o 1epopnsnpa rra-
pn1e c nxnkocnane. Hopan nn ronopn sa 1esn crn1nx, kak1o
cena:
,Teoopnx nsnponon cnox rpa Hena, ko1o saexame nrp-
no xxc1o xexy nrpnennn1e xy, a nsexe Cnpxnyx. Hena npo-
nrn 1axomnnx knxs Tpasepnk n sanse rpaa. Ce 1ona no1ern
npo1nn Cannnnan, noenanannka na Hnpnkyx, ko1o ce neme
1orana c Myno npn Mapronan (nec Kmnpnx na p. Mopana) n
pasn nnpncka1a nocka.
,Tosn Myno, nponee, ko1o e o1 poa na A1na, e nsxra
o1 rennn1e* n ce ckn1ame o1nr ynan n neopao1enn n neo-
n1anann xec1a. C noxom1a na o1ncxkre crpann kpann, pas-
onnnn n ynnn 1o sanse ena kya (enn kac1e) na pera na
ynan, kox1o ce kasname Xep1a, n oc1ana 1yk, kre1o 1o xnnee-
me o1 orpanane na okonoc11a, kpa na cnon1e kpann. Hexy
nnponex, ko1o ce naxnpame n o1naxno nooxenne n xnceme
a ce npeae, oe na noxom Hena n ro cnacn o1 prne1e na Ca-
nnnan, ce koe1o 1o o1 aroapnoc1 ce nonnnn na kpa Te-
oopnx.
27)
Honexe rrapn1e n ona Hanonnx n Iopna Mnsnx
nn oxaoxomanann o1 Myno, Teoopnx nsnosna 1osn cy-
na, sa a sansexe Cnpxnyx, c1onna1a na ona Hanonnx.
B xponnka1a na Koxec Mapnenn no ronna 505 xexy py-
ro1o, ne1ex sa 1ona cpaxenne:
,Cannnan, cnnr1 na Benknx Cannnan (ko1o nsnrn Teo-
opnx o1 Ennp) n nonoa1a na nockn1e, e nsnpa1en npo1nn re-
1a Myno. Cpaxenne1o c1ana npn Xopea-Mapra (Kmnpnx na pe-
ka Mopana .a.). Mnoro o1 neronn1e nonnnn ce nsrynxa n 1o-
42
___________
* Myno nepox1no n pa1onne na Tpasepnk no xannna nnnx. B.a.
na cpaxenne n nornnaxa n peka1a. To nsryn npn 1ona n oosa cn,
1r ne c xannna cnon ena xoxe a ce cnacn n kac1ea Ha1o.
Hnnn nn ro1n1e n Myno ca ce cpaxanan nnponex na Mo-
pana c nnpnnn. Tesn nnpnnn ce napnna1 o1 Enon, ko1o e
cnne1e na cpaxennx1a, rrapn.
Hnnn e ycnx a sansexe es o rpa Cnpxnyx, samo1o
rrapn1e ca nn sae1n n o c Myno. H nonexe cnn1a sanse-
1a1a sexx sa nrpna1a, a ne sa sapoena, sa1ona ne x onxnkoca,
a n cyxn c pannoxepno pasnpeeenne na 1exec1n1e. Ce 1o-
na Enon nnme:
,Ho npexe1o na 1esn ycxnpn1en Irpnnx npes nocera1ec1-
no1o na crmsnnka (ro1ckn) Myno npoxnn necrracne c 1axom-
no1o (rrapcko1o) prkonoarane, ka1o cnexaa cnon1e rra-
pn (o1 kon1o 1x na sac1pamena) no oneka, nonexe no npexe na
oene1e cn cyxna c kac1ea (ko1o Myno sae). Torana (sana-
mennx1) Myno, xncekn, ne sa a ce samn1n, e oc1a1rnno, ako
1non1e (Teoopnxonn1e) koxop1n nxa ysnan kak n nsna1n 1o,
c rpsn npa1ennnn cromn sa onacnoc11a cn.
28)
omnx1 na noxom Hnnn, ka1o nnx o1aen neoysana-
1a rrapcka xaex, nac1pon c ena naxenna pen cnon1e xo-
pa sa o npo1nn rrapn1e.
Hopanonn1e n Mapnennonn1e nnpnnn Enon napnna
rrapn. Ha-naxno1o oane, koe1o naynanaxe o1 nsenx ynac1ne
n 1esn crn1nx Enon, e, ne Irpnnx, nn Bnsan1nx, e na nnc-
nennpaa 1asn nona, sa a nonnnn rrapn1e, kon1o 1x napnna-
a cnon rrapn; cnn1an rn sa xopa na Bnsan1ncka1a nxnepnx.
ocera Bnsan1nx yno1pexname 1y 1ox, 1y onx Teoopnx npo1nn
rrapn1e. Cera, kora1o Teoopnx Teooxnpon c nac1anxnane1o
cn n H1anx c1ana cnen, 1x pemn a cn nocyxn c 1asn cna npo-
1nn nenokopnn1e cn rrapn. Hpnnxka na cnox c1pana ann1a
Myno n npes nero 1npannsnpaa naceenne1o n Mnsnx nokpa
ynan. Hapnnakn xnsnnn1e rrapn, Enon no1nrpxana no-
c1apnx Heponnx, ko1o napnna Mnsnx Brrapnx.
Brrapn1e nsesn npo1nn cnoxena1o1o o1 Hopan orpanane
naneo c nnpncknx n xakeoncknx noenanannk Cannnan, koro-
1o Enon oosnanana ka1o rrapckn nonoa. Tona cpaxenne
xexy nonoxorna1nx o1 ro1n1e Myno n Cannnan ce conn ka1o
na-kprnonpon1no1o cpaxenne, koe1o no onona npexe e c1anao.
Enon kasna: ,Crckan ce na napoa, kon1o nnkora ne ca
ce namnn o1 cxrp11a. Hynn ce enn na pyr, ne ce naxnpa1
pannn na cee cn, n ne n nonemknx po ro1 ce ocxexna a npo-
43
1nnoc1on na rrapnn, n rrapnn na ro1. Ha-ce1ne ro1n1e
noenn.
Ce 1ona ne1e pnxckn nxnepnn ce nonrpnan na c1apa1a
cn rpannna.
29)
Brrapn1e snann ocera ca npennn na napnrpacka1a n
pnxcka1a rpxana a rpannna1 ena c pyra, o1 koe1o crmo 1a-
ka ce pasnpa, ne rrapn1e ca nn c1apn 1pakonnpnnn. Hs-
arakn nopaxenne1o na Cannnan, Enon kasna na Teoopnx:
,Bnxax npe cee cn npocna1 rrapcknx nonoa, na koro1o
1nox1a ecnnna orpannnn cnooa1a. A ce 1ona, panakn ce
na xrc1no1o na 1osn rrapckn nonoa, Enon kasna: ,Hxa n
samo ome nenrx a pasnpanxx sa nopaxenne1o na nocka1a n sa
cpaxno1o xrc1no na nonoa1a Cannnan?
Enon oosnanana nnpncknx nonoa Cannnan ka1o
rrapckn nonoa. Hrpkna1a na nnpnckn1e rrapn Irpnnx e
nckaa a noc1ann no cnox oneka.
3a 1esn rrapn Enon kasna ome, ne npen Teoopnx 1e ca
nn napo, na ko1o ncnnko, kakno1o e noncka, e npnnaexa-
o. ,Te npen 1ona nopaxenne cn xncexa, ne cne1r1 nx e o1no-
pen nancxkre: cera oane cnn1a1, ne caxo onasn nac1 na nxne-
pnx1a nx e sa1nopena (neoc1rnna), kox1o 1n samn1anam. Ha-
rpso me npexnna xnoro nema, a ne n 1n, nopan ryene na
npexe c nncane, krcno a npnc1nrnem n cnem1a na kypnx1a (ce-
na1a), kox1o rro npexe e npnnyena a cne1n n cxnka, no-krc-
no a cne1ne.
H o11yk npnneeno1o ce nnxa kakrn napo ca nn rra-
pn1e n kakna pox ca nrpan n Pnxcka1a nxnepnx.
Ce o1canane1o na nxnepa1opcka1a nac1, ocoeno n
Pnx, 1e nn ak1nneckn rocnoapn na Tpaknx, Hnpnx n Make-
onnx n noc1annn n cxnka pnxcka1a kypnx, 1.e. 1asn kypnx sary-
na ncxkakno nnxnne. Hak ce noea1a na Teoopnx na r-
rapn1e 1x sanonnaa o1nono a npocne1na no nerona1a samn1a
n ne1e pnxckn rpxann (nn Bnsan1nx n H1anx) sanonnan o1-
nono a rpannna1 ena c pyra.
Hopan n Mapnenn oosnanana1 Cannnan ka1o nnpnckn
nonoa. Onesn, kon1o ne ca npoynnan ocnonno 1esn nrnpocn,
xncx1, ne Cannnan ka1o nnpnckn nonoa e n ncrmnoc1
nnsan1nckn nonoa. Tona ne e 1aka. B c1apo npexe ne e nxao
oma naopna cnc1exa n nemnnx cxncr, a o1enn1e nexena
ca nomnan naneo crc cnon1e nexennn non1en nn nonoa.
Cannnan e n nnpnckn nonoa, c1ox e snann naneo na
44
nnpnnn, kon1o ne ca nn esyconno nonnnenn na Hapnrpa.
Hs1onnn1e rrapn ca nxan crmo cno nexenen nanannk nn
nonoa. Kora1o A1na e npexnna Hckrp n e naxy n Hs1onna
Brrapnx, nacpema xy ca nsesn ns1onnorrapckn1e nonon,
ka1o Acnap, Apnernckr, Aeponn n p. Tesn nonon ca oc-
yxnan n Bnsan1ncka1a nxnepnx. Kora1o nnpnnn1e ca c1a-
nan nenokopnn na nnsan1ncka1a nac1, npo1nn 1xx ca ce nsnpa-
man 1paknnn, n opa1no. Hpo1nn 1eoopnx Teooxnpon n nac-
ennka na Acnap, Teoopnx Tpnapon, 3enon e nonnka nnpnc-
kn1e rrapn, nonoa na kon1o 1orana e n Cannnan Benkn.
Cera nrk npo1nn nnpnckn1e rrapn e nonnkan Teoopnx Teo-
oxnpon n 1.n. Tr rrapckn1e nexena ce nexa noxexy cn sa
aro1o na 1pe1n.
Hxxa no-neoopnxo cnne1ec1no, ne rrapn1e ca c1apn
1pakonnpnnn, o1 1ona na Enon.
Crmo1o ce pasnpa n o1 Kacnoop, xnnnc1rpa na Teoopnx
Benkn.
To npeana eno nncxo o1 527 r. Ha kpa A1anapnk o na1-
pnnnx Knnpnxn, n koe1o, ka1o ns1rkna neronn1e nonc1nenn o-
poe1en, kasna:
,Bnxa 1e e o cera npao1enec1nennx1* ynan a nomnam: ne
1e nameme . Mopana, sa a xoxe H1anx a sansexe Cnpxnyx.
Cnpxnyx (nn ona Hanonnx), kak1o n Mnsnx n Hnpnx
npen 1asn noea ca nn rrapckn. Kora1o Teoopnx, o1nna-
kn sa H1anx xnna o11yk, 1o yapn nrpxy rrapn1e. He rra-
pn1e ka1o xaka opnna ca ce nn kannn na aeponann, sa a
oa1 n Hanonnx n a nanaa1 ro1n n nnsan1nnn, a 1e xxa na-
nana1n o1 nocenn1e: ne 1e saexa nyxa sexx, a nyxennn sae-
xa 1xxna1a.
Kacnoop n Enon no1nrpnxa no enn ec1xm nannn 1e-
sa1a, ne rrapn1e ca c1apn 1pakonnpnnn. O1 1xx nne paspax-
xe samo Mnsnx n IV nek ce e napnnaa nponnnnnx Brrapnx: sa-
mo1o c1apn1e an1opn ca cnn1an rrapn1e sa c1apn xnsnnn n
c1apn nnpnnn.
Kakno npann oane B. 3a1apckn?
To npoc1o npexrnana 1esn ak1n. A kon1o o1 cpax ne e
xorr a npexrnn, 1o rn nsonanana. 3a a npec1ann rrapn-
1e ka1o krcnn npnmrnn, 1o nnme sa Myno ceno1o: ,H Map-
nenn n Enon, n Hopan nn pasnpanx1, ne enn napnapckn no-
45
___________
* Eno o1 xnoro1o cnne1ec1na, ne ro1n1e ca nn re1n nn c1apn ynanckn
nocennnn, a ne ca nn krcno omn repxannn. B.a.
noa Myno, ko1o non no1eko1o cn o1 poa na A1na, no-
xorna crc cnon1e rrapn npes 505 r. na oc1ro1n1e n eno cpa-
xenne npo1nn nxnepa1opckn1e nockn.
33)
Onennna nenc1nna, samo1o kasann1e an1opn nnma1 1rkxo
opa1no1o. A nxenno, ne Myno, ro1n1e n Bnsan1nx ca nomnan
npo1nn rrapn1e, a ne, ne Myno npenoxa rrapn npo1nn
Bnsan1nx. Henosnanam nc1opnx1a, 3a1apckn oosnanana npe-
noxann1e o1 Cannnan nnpnckn rrapn ka1o ,nxnepa1opcka
nocka! Kak xoxe a ce kaxe, ne rrapn1e ca nomnan na c1pa-
na1a na ro1n1e, kora1o Teoopnxonnx1 xnnnc1rp Kacnoop nnme,
ne Teoopnx sanse Cnpxnyx, ce ka1o pasn rrapn1e?
A nrpxy Enon 3a1apckn nnme caxo ceno1o:
,Enon, ennckon na rp. Hannx, ko1o e xnnx xexy 473 n
524 r., n nanarnpnka cn krx Teoopnx Oc1ro1ckn kasna, ne 1o
ome o1 xan ronnn ce npocann c noen1e cn na nenoen-
xn1e o1orana rrapn. Crmnx1 Enon cnoxenana n sa pyro
eno cpaxenne na ro1n1e c rrapn1e, koe1o e c1anao nak n Te-
oopnxono npexe, no n koe1o cax Teoopnx ne nse ynac1ne no-
pan nanpenan1e cn ronnn.
34)
Kasano1o 1yk e o1 nanao1o o kpax nsxnceno, samo1o n
noconennx o1 3a1apckn ns1onnnk nxxa kasano noono nemo.
Hrpno1o npenooxenne o1 1yk npnneeno1o ne e kasano o1 Eno-
n n noxnana1a xy pen krx Teoopnx, a e kasano o1 A1anapnk
o1nocno nonoa1a Toynn. H n1opo1o npenooxenne ne ce na-
xnpa n noconeno1o o1 3a1apckn xxc1o. O1 1ona 1pxna a ce ns-
nan sakmnenne, ne 3a1apckn ne e ne Enon n Kacnoop
na-naxnn1e an1opn sa c1apa1a rrapcka nc1opnx, n cnoxenana
nxena1a nx caxo sa ykpamenne, a nokaxe, ne e ,ynen nonek.
Honexe cnne1ec1na1a na Enon n Kacnoop onponeprana1
nerona1a 1esa sa krcno1o nnane na rrapn1e, 1o 1o rn e cxo-
1oenn no ropnnx nannn. Hayka n e 1ona?
Ce ropekasano1o sa Enon, Hopan n Mapnenn, 3a1ap-
ckn nan ceno1o sakmnenne:
,Hpnneenn1e 1yk nsnec1nx xcno cnne1ec1na1, ne krx cpe-
a1a na n1opa1a noonnna na V n. rrapn1e sanonna1 o1 nepno-
xopckn1e cn xnnenma a nrpax1 nrpnenc1nama pox n oac1-
1a na cpennx n onnx ynan, n o1okona ce sacnnn, ne crn-
pexennnnn1e rn cxx1an sa nenoenxn, a nnsan1ncknx1 nxne-
pa1op, kak1o n nskn1e xy crcen rn nnkan na noxom npo1nn
repxanckn1e cn nparone, ka1o ca pasnn1an kak1o na 1xxna1a cn-
a, 1r n na c1apa1a nx npaxa c oc1ro1n1e.
35)
46
Tona e nsxncnna o1 nanao1o o kpax, samo1o noconenn-
1e an1opn ne ronopx1 sa rrapn nokpa Hepno xope n ynan,
a sa 1aknna n Tpaknx, Hnpnx n Hanonnx. Cpaxenne1o ne c1a-
na sapan nepnoxopckn1e perone, a sa Cnpxnyx. Kak1o n a
e, o1 Enon, Hopan n Hapnenn, 3a1apckn n nsnan sak-
mnenne, ne rrapn1e ca nn xnoropoen napo n ne n V n.
Hrpaen noema pox nokpa Hepno xope n onnx n cpennx
ynan. Tona ope, no kakno c1ana c 1esa1a na 3a1apckn, ne
rrapn1e o VII nek ca nn xnnen n Asnx n ne ena krx
kpax na VII nek Acnapyx n one n yc1ne1o na ynan ena
xaka opnna o1 c1o1nna ymn, kak1o n ne ena ,xanone1e
Kpyx n Oxyp1ar nn pasmnpnn rrapcka1a rpxana n krx
cpennx ynan? Kox 1esa e npana? Kak c1nrna 3a1apckn o
yexenne1o, ne rrapn1e ome n V nek ca xnnen ka1o roxx
napo nokpa ynan n Hepno xope? Hpen pao1n1e na Henon
nn ce 1xx?
4. Bnxanan. I+nkn anxon sa cxannnocxxa na +ranxe
Enon kasa, ne nona1a npo1nn rrapn1e na sanonnaa,
samo1o Irpnnx ne na crracna c rrapcko1o prkonoarane.
Hopaxenne1o na rrapn1e ce nsnosna o1 nxnepa1op Anac1a-
cn. To nenara ce 1ona sa1onn nnpnckn1e nannn, nn
nannn1e na onesn rrapn, kon1o no non1ec1no1o na Can-
nnan o1c1oxnaxa cnox1a cnooa na p. Mopana n Mnsnx. A nxen-
no nanka1a na Hnm, Cepnka (Conx), Hay1anx (Kmc1enn),
Oxpn n Hnkono (na sanna Ap1a). Oane cenepons1onnn1e pa-
1x na nnpnnn1e ne oc1anaxa xanokprnnn krx 1asn nenpana
cnpxxo 1exnn1e nnpnckn pa1x. Hpanocannn1e na Ckn1nx n
Mnsnx n pyrn1e oac1n nokannn poennx n 3aaa (Byxen)
Bn1anan (cnna na Ha1pnkno, non1ex na eepa1n1e) a ce
nnrne sa 1ona npo1nn esoxnnx Anac1acn.
36)
3apan nnpnckn1e nannn npo1nn Anac1acn ce nn
nnrnan ckn1n1e n xnsn1e, 1.e. cenepons1onnn1e rrapn.
Hoan Maaa, ko1o e non1n crnpexennnk na 1esn crn1nx,
nrk nnme:
,Brn npexe1o na nerono1o (Anac1acneno1o) napynane ce
nnrna 1paknenr1 Bn1anan nopan sa1onenn1e nannn, kak1o
ce kasna, n sanse Tpaknx, Ckn1nx n Mnsnx o Oeca (Bapna) n An-
xnao, npenoxam roxxo xnoxec1no xynn n rrapn.
Tyk ckn1n1e ca napenenn xynn, a xnsn1e rrapn.
47
Baxno e 1ona cnne1ec1no n sa 1ona, samo1o 1yk xynn1e n
rrapn1e ca o1exsann ka1o ne o1enn nexena. Xynn1e ca
ckn1n, kon1o ca xnnen npenxno na cenep o1 ynan n aknx,
a rrapn1e xnsn, kon1o ca xnnen na mr o1 ynan.
Bon1e na noe1a1a cera opa e n xnsnenr1 Bn1anan. Tyk
neka kaxex sa nero, 1o me nn nn1epecyna n no-na1a1rk, ne e n
no onona npexe n rannokoxannam nnsan1ncka1a apxnx. A 1ona
snann, ne Bnsan1nx 1orana ce e onnpaa na noenna1a xom na ns-
1onnn1e rrapn. Teoan kasna, ne Bn1anan e n cnn na koxn1a
(ynpann1e) na eepa1n1e (crmsnnnn1e), o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne
Mnsnx no onona npexe e na nrn eepa1nnnn o1nomennx krx
Hapnrpa. Tasn eepannx ae na xnsnnn1e nxnepa1op Konc-
1an1nn Benkn, samo1o xy noxornaxa a ocnone caxorpxanne1o
cn n a crrpan Hapnrpa. Tona 1pxna a ce snae, sa a xoxe a
ce pasepe no-na1a1rmnnx1 xo na rrapcka1a nc1opnx. Honexe
xnsnckn1e rrapn ca ce nosnan c nsnec1na an1onoxnx, 1o nne
ne naxnpaxe nnkakrn c1pexex na Hapnrpa sa nac1nane na 1e-
sn rrapn; 1ona, pasnpa ce, ce o1nacx o no-c1apo npexe. Cera
Hapnrpa nn Bnsan1nx ce e c1pexna npenxno a sanasn nac1-
1a cn na nnpnckn1e rrapn, kon1o 1x e cnn1aa sa npxko no-
nnnenn. 3a1ona nne ne1ex, ne nxnepa1op Anac1acn sa1onn nn-
pnckn1e, a ne n xnsnckn1e n 1paknckn1e nannn.
Honexe xnsnckn1e rrapn nsnonxnaxa crma1a xpnc1nxn-
cka nxpa, kak1o nnpnckn1e, 1e ne xoxexa a 1rpnx1 cnoenon-
x1a na Anac1acn, nanrnaxa ce n sansexa Tpaknx non1n o Ha-
pnrpa. 3a a ne nane n Hapnrpa n 1exnn prne, nxnepa1op
Anac1acn crrpan rra1a c1ena o1 Hepno xope o Cnnxnpnx
na Mpaxopno xope ,npo1nn naxynannx1a na xnsn1e nn rra-
pn1e n ckn1n1e.
37)
rra1a c1ena e na crrpaena npo1nn xnsnnn1e (nn
rrapn1e) n ckn1n1e (nn xynn1e), kon1o ce xxa nnrnan npo-
1nn napnrpacko1o nannec1no.
Bcnnkn 1esn o1anna nsnec1nn ak1n ne ce nsnosna1 o1 B.
3a1apckn.
5. Kcxnn n Kcxnnnan
Brrapn1e ce ycxnpnxa ena ce cxrp11a na Anac1acn, ko-
ra1o napnrpacknx1 npec1o ce sae o1 cena1opa Kc1nn, ko1o e
nonoxaran o1 cnox xa, no aponn1 pa1onne Kc1nnnan. H
naxa1a xxa xakeonnn, nn nnpnnn. eo1o na rrapn1e ce
48
noopn. Cnaennx1 o1 Anac1acn Bn1anan e o1nono nasnanen
sa koncy n rannokoxannam. Oane pao1n1e ne ce pasnnxa 1r,
kak1o ce npenoarame. Bn1anan eme na-nonyxpna1a nn-
noc1 nrn Bnsan1ncka1a nxnepnx. Hapor1 ro nckame sa nxnepa-
1op. 3apan 1ona Kc1nnnan, ko1o cax ce ro1neme a saexe xxc-
1o1o na c1apnx cn nnno, nsnpa1n ynnn a ro ynnmoxa1. To
c1ana, ce 1ona koncy, a ce cxrp11a na Kc1nnnan n 527 r.
nxnepa1op.
Ce ync1no1o na Bn1anan, rrapcka1a penomnnx o1-
nono sanonna.
Hpes 526 r. yxpx n1anancknx1 kpa Teoopnx Benkn. Tora-
na crmsnnkr1 xy Myno nanycna ro1n1e n ce noc1ann n ycyra na
nxnepa1op Kc1nnnan (527 565 r.) npo1nn rrapn1e. Kc1n-
nnan ro nasnann sa nnpnckn noenanannk. Ho kora1o Myno
o1nmr n Hnpnx, 1.e. Makeonnx, samo1o mexr1 xy e naxepen
n Oxpncko1o esepo, nrpxy nero ce naxnrpnn xynn saeno c ro-
xxo konnec1no pasnn pyrn napnapn, nnme Maaa.
38)
A Teoan, ko1o onknoneno napnna Hpokononn1e n Maa-
onn1e xynn rrapn, npeana ropno1o 1r:
,Ka1o npnc1nrna n Hnpnx (Oxpncko), nsesn rrapn1e,
eno roxxo xnoxec1no, no 1o ce naxnrpn nrpxy 1xx n rn no-
ryn ncnnkn.
39)
O1nacx ce o crmn1e rrapn, kon1o npes 505 r. ce cpaxana-
xa c Myno no non1ec1no1o na xakeoncknx nonoa Cannn-
an npn Kmnpnx na Mopana. Honexe Myno n 1exen nenpnx1e,
1e ca ro nocpemnan c oprxne n prka n ro npnnynn a cn xnrp-
n mexa n Oxpncko1o esepo.
Kak npeana 1osn ak1 B. 3a1apckn? Hpeana ro 1aka:
,Krx 1ona roxxo namec1nne na xynoky1pnrypn1e ce o1nacx
n nsnec1ne1o na Maaa sa pesy1a1a xy n Hnpnx, nxenno, ko-
ra1o nononasnanennx1 koxenan1 na Hnpnx, Myno, poox re-
nn, ce naynn, ne xynn1e (Teoan rn napnna rrapn) c roxxo
konnec1no pasnn napnapn nananan Hnpncka1a c1pana, 1o
rn yapn n crncex rn pasn.
40)
(Hc1opnx 1, 54)
Onennno nsonanenne na ak1a, samo1o ne xynn1e nn r-
rapn1e ce nn kannn n Hen1pana Asnx na aeponann, sa a
oa1 n Makeonnx n a nanana1 Myno, a nanpo1nn 1o
omr npn 1xx n 1e xy nsesn nacpema, samo1o e n 1exen
cxrp1en nenpnx1e. A kre oc1ana 1orana 1nrpenne1o na 3a-
1apckn, ne Myno e rrapnn n npenoxa rrapn npo1nn nx-
nepa1opckn1e nockn?
49
Koxec Mapnenn, ko1o e pao1n n kanneapnx1a na Kc-
1nnnan I, o1exsna n cnox1a xponnka, ne npes 499 r. Apnc1 ce
crcka c rrapn1e na p. Tnyp1a n Tpaknx, kre1o npe1rpnx
roxxo nopaxenne, a no ronna 530 1o o1exsna, ne Myno ce
orpna n krx rrapn1e n Tpaknx n rn pasn.
O1 494-1a n 499-a o 530 r. nne noc1oxnno naxnpaxe rra-
pn n Tpaknx n Hnpnx, kora1o 3a1apckn npec1anx pao1a1a
1r, ka1o ne n 1yk ne e nxao rrapn, n ne rrapn1e cera ca
naxyn o1nxkre no 1esn xec1a a rn orpax1 n nak a nsxra1
n Hen1pana Asnx.
6. Taknncknxe xynn
Cera neka ce cnpex npn nskn1e o Hapnrpa nponnnnnn.
Hpokon n Kannnk napnnaxa 1paknnn1e npenxno xynn. Cnope
Hpokon nokpa Bocopa n na Iannon o1 nax1nneka ca xnnen
xynn. Kc1nnnan, ko1o c o1c1panxnane1o na Bn1anan e nsryn
cnxna1nn1e na 1esn xynn, ce xrneme cera a rn npnnene nxkak cn
na cnox c1pana n ycnx a nanpann 1ona c knxsynamnx okoo Boc-
opa xynckn knxs Iopa, nn Ipoa (528 r.). Cro1enec1nennnn1e
xy oane ne oc1anaxa ononn o1 nonnnenne1o xy na Kc1nnnan
n ro ynxa, a sa knxs nspaxa pa1 xy Myrea. Honexe 1esn xynn ce
onacxnan, ne Kc1nnnan me rn nakaxe sa 1ona, 1e, sa a ocye1x1
nakasanne1o, nsnn nxnepa1opcka1a c1paxa, kox1o nasea Ha-
pnrpa, saeno c nanannka n 1pnyna axa1n. Torana Kc1nnn-
an nasnann sa koxenan1 na ocopcka1a c1paxa nnmnx koncy
Hoan, cnn na Hoan, ko1o e yn Cannnan Benkn, n xy sanonx-
a a noc1ann knap1npa1a cn n Xnepo (na yc1ne1o na 3a1nnx
por).
41)
Ce 1ona Kc1nnnan nsnpa1n no xope ena ekcnennnx
krx Bapna cpemy xynn1e nn rrapn1e n Mnsnx. Cnope Maaa
na nex ce npo1nnonoc1annn na xynckn, a cnope Teoan, ko1o
1onno npenncna Maaa, naxa rrapckn knxse. Teoan nnme: ,B
1asn ronna (531 r.) ce pasnnxnxa n Ckn1nx n Mnsnx naxa r-
rapckn knxsa c xnoro rrapn n pyrn (crmsnnnn).
Ha-nanpe rrapn1e pasnn nnsan1nnn1e, no 1e noynn-
n nokpenenne n pasnn rrapn1e: naxa1a rrapckn knx-
se nanan n cpaxenne1o. 3apanann o1 ycnexa cn, nnsan1nnn1e
no1ernn npes Tpaknx sa Hapnrpa, oane n Tpaknx rn nocpem-
nan pyrn rrapn, kon1o nx nanecn crcnnnamo nopaxenne,
1a caxo xannna xorn a nsxra1 xnnn. ,O1cera-na1a1rk nac-
1ana xnp n Tpaknx, nnme Maaa.
50
Tpaknx no onona npexe (531 r.) e na nocexnana o1 rrapn
n nnamn1e o1krx Mnsnx nnsan1nnn 1yk ca nonanan n rrap-
cka sexx. Tona ne e nxkakno cynano xnenne, samo1o no-c1apnx1
Koxec Mapnenn e nnca, ne n 499 r. rrapn1e crcnnnamo pasn-
n pnxcka1a nocka npn Hopy, a ome no-c1apnx1 Kannnk e nn-
ca, ne xynn1e o1okona ce sacnnn, ne sansen nonene o1 100
rpaa n Tpaknx. Tpxnao e nnponex 1paknckn1e rrapn a pas-
nx1 nnsan1nnn1e n a rn nponrx1 o1 Tpaknx, sa a nac1ane xnp
1ax. Ko e 1orana, n 531 r., rocnoap na Tpaknx? Znno rrapn1e.
Brrapn1e ne ce saononxa caxo c pasnnane1o na nnsan-
1nnn1e n Tpaknx. Te nporxnxa ocnooxanane1o na cnon1e
crnaponnnn nak o Honncko xope. B xoe1o nscenane: Die
Abstammung der Bulgaren und die Urheimat der Slaven (S. 252,
278), as crx noconn, ne neononecnn1e ne ca nn rrpnn, a ca
cnaan krx 1pakncka1a nn rrapcka1a paca. Ka1o ce nxa 1o-
na npenn, pasnpa ce kasano1o o1 Hpokon, ne xynn1e nanesn
n Tecanx n ce ka1o ynnmoxnn ncnnkn ennn, c nskmnenne
na neononecnn1e, ce nrpnan.
42)
Vnnmoxanann ca nnponex caxo ennn1e, a ne n neononec-
nn1e. Hpanea ce e pasnka xexy ennn n neononecnn. Xynn1e
ca cnn1an neononecnn1e sa cnon crnaponnnn, 1a ca nckan a
rn o1rpna1 o1 ennn1e.
A n cnon1e aneko1n Hpokon nnme:
,B Hnpnx n nxa Tpaknx, 1.e. o1 Honnneckn sann (Ap1a)
o nperpanx1a na Bnsan1nx, 1ax, kre1o cenme1o ce nacex-
name o1 ennn n xepconn1n, xynn1e, ckanenn1e n an1n1e nsnrp-
mnaxa non1n ncxka ronna, o1kak Kc1nnnan c1ana nxnepa1op
(527 r.), nenonpannxn snnn na xopa1a (ennn1e n xepconn1n1e).
As xncx, ne npn ncxko nanaenne nonene o1 nec1a xnxn o1
xnneemn1e 1yk poxen (rrpnn) nnaxa o1nexann nn saponann,
1r ne nxa1a 1ax sexx na-ce1ne ec1nn1eno ce crennn crc
ckn1cka1a nyc1nnx.
43)
Hopan nnme 1yk rrapn nxec1o xynn. To kasna n cnox1a
Romana, Momsen: (P. 52) ,Taknna ca pao1n1e n Pnxcka1a peny-
nka, ocnen 1ona nceknnennn1e nac1oxnannx (sa npannnn) na
rrapn1e, an1n1e n ckanenn1e. Brrapn1e, snann nn npncr-
ennnn sexx1a o1 Honncknx sann o Hapnrpa krx oc1anaa
Ckn1nx. Kacaeo ce e sa sexx1a na sa1onenn1e o1 Anac1acn nn-
pnckn nannn.
Ha-naxno1o, oane, koe1o naynanaxe o1 Hpokon, e, ne r-
rapn1e ca nonn n cynax nannonana opa: 1e ca nckan a
51
onnc1x1 rrapcka1a sexx o1 rprnknx eexen1; npecenann ca
cnope Hpokon caxo rrpnn1e. Kaknn ca nn pyrn1e nocennnn
na kasann1e sexn, ce pasnpa o1 xnnenx no 1ona npexe Maaa,
ko1o napnna xnpxnonn1e, 1ecanckn napo, rrapn. To nn-
me, ne Axn, npony1nx1 nonoa na ennn1e npo1nn 1poxnnn1e, e
nxa cnox (ne enncka) apxnx, crc1oxma ce o1 1r napnnann1e
1orana xnpxnonn, kon1o cera (n VI n.) ce napnna1 rrapn.
Mnpxnonn1e ne ca nn ennn, a rrapn. Tesn 1ecenckn
rrapn ca ocnooxanan cenepnn1e rrapn o1 rrpnn1e. H kak-
1o Anac1acn nno1ekap nnme, xnsnckn1e rrapn n cynax ca
ce nn crennnn c 1esn n nxa Tecanx, na1a Ennpa (o1 sanna
Ap1a na cenep), apannx n np., nrs ocnona na poono1o npano.
45)
Tr rrapn1e npnnynxa Kc1nnnan a crsae n Hnpnx
sa ocnooenn1e o1 rprnko1o yxonno n non1nnecko poc1no
rrapn, o1ena apxnennckonnx, koe1o 1o npes 535 r. nanpann,
ka1o noc1ann ceanme1o n n ponnx cn rpa Oxpn. Ho sa 1ona
me kaxex nxkoko yxn no-na1a1rk.
B. 3a1apckn npeana ropenpnneenn1e ak1n crc cenn1e
yxn: ,. a sa nrpnn1e ronnn o1 Kc1nnnanono1o napynane cr-
mnx1 an1op (Hpokon) kasna, ne ne ce xnnaa ronna, o1kak Kc-
1nnnan nse nac11a na poxen1e, a ne nanaa1 xynn, ckannnn
n an1n n Hnpnx, Tpaknx, Eaa n Xepconec: 1e onyc1omanan
nxa1a c1pana o1 Honncko xope nak o nperpanx1a na Ha-
pnrpa n x oprman n ,ckn1cka nyc1nnx.
Honexe nosnannx1a na 3a1apckn no rprnkn xxa can, 1o
crncex ne e paspa ropnnx 1ekc1. Cnope nero xynn1e naxyn
o1 Asnx n Eaa sa rpaex, a Hpokon nnme, ne xynn1e onnc1nn
Hnpnx, nn sexx1a xexy Honncknx sann n Hapnrpa, o1
rrpnn, n x crennnn okonna1eno c oc1anaa Ckn1nx, nn ne
okonna1eno x ocnoonn o1 rrpnn1e, koe1o ce okyxen1npa n
c 1ona, ne sa 1asn nxenno sexx nxnepa1op Kc1nnnan crsae ca-
xoc1ox1ena apxnennckonnx.
Ho npen a npexnnex krx ocnonanane1o na xoepna1a
rrapcka rpxana, koe1o ncrmnoc1 e nama1a ne, neka cknnn-
paxe nakpa1ko kasano1o o1yk.
Ha-c1apn1e an1opn, kon1o ca cnoxenan nxe1o rrapn,
kasna1, ne rrapn1e ca ckn1n: C1apa Brrapnx ne e nnmo pyro,
ocnen na-c1apo1o cenme na ckn1n1e, koe1o onnpao o Boco-
pa; caxnx1 Bocop e exa n ckn1cka sexx; rrapn1e ca xnne-
n nokpa Tpakncknx nponak, npen 1o a noynn nxe1o Boc-
op, 1.e. npen Tpoxncka1a nona.
52
C1apn1e an1opn kasna1, ne Mnsnx e Brrapnx nn ne rra-
pn1e ca xnsn, a xnsn1e ca ne caxo c1ap 1paknckn, no n 1poxnc-
kn napo.
C1apn1e an1opn kasna1 crmo, ne rrapn1e ca xnpxnonn, a
xnpxnonn1e ca xnnen n Tecanx npen n no npexe na Tpoxn-
cka1a nona.
O1 1esn xnpxnonn-rrapn Axn e crpa naexnnnn, sa
a ce ne npo1nn cenepnn1e nx pa1x. C ena yxa, c1apn1e an-
1opn ca ennoymnn n 1ona, ne rrapn1e ca c1apn 1pakonn-
pnnn; ne ca no-c1apn nocennnn na cnoe1o o1enec1no, o1koko-
1o rrpnn1e na cnoe1o, samo1o rrpnn1e ce pasnpoc1pannxa nn
ynennnxa sa cxe1ka na rrapn1e, a ne rrapn1e sa cxe1ka na
rrpnn1e. Tpakonnpnnn1e nrk npnnaexaxa krx paca1a, kox1o
nec ce kasna canxncka paca.
Hpo1nnna1a c1pana ne e xora ocera a noconn nn1o enn
c1ap an1op, ko1o a kasna, ne rrapn1e ca nn nnn, nynamn,
caxoen, anc1panckn nnann, 1ypnn n np. Hena1a 1esa ne no-
nnna na naynnn ocnonn.
IHABA IV
KVBPATOBATA TPABA
1. B. 3axackn sa Cxaa B+rann
3a1apckn oe na-ce1ne o yexenne1o, ne xynn1e ca
rrapn. 3a enoc11a na 1esn xynn no ynan n n Tpaknx no npe-
xe1o na nxnepa1op Kc1nnnan, 1o ronopn narro n namnpoko
n cnox1a nc1opnx. Ha-noce nrnpocnn1e xynn nn nanesn n
n Hnpnx, Eaa n np. Hne onaknaxxe, ne o1cera-na1a1rk me ce-
n nc1opnx1a nx 1yk n nxxa nene a pasnpanx, ne 1e nn omn
ka1o xaka opnna n yc1ne1o na ynan ena n kpax na VII nek. To-
na ce sapann n ce sanonna nak a ce 1nrpn, ne 1e nn omn n
Mnsnx npes 679 r. n nokopnn canxnn, kon1o rn nocanxnnnn.
Axn canxnn1e? O1kre n kora ooxa 1e? Te nn cesn o1-
krx Kapna1n1e o ynan npes V nek. B nanao1o na VI nek npe-
xnnan ynan n no npexe1o na Kc1nnnan sansen ne caxo Mn-
snx, Tpaknx n Hnpnx, no n Heononec, samo1o 1esn c1pann noc-
e ca nacexnann o1 canxnckn napo. Ko kasna 1ona? Tona kas-
na1 Hpokon n Hopan. Kak1o no-rope kasaxxe, Hopan nnme, ne
53
rrapn, ckanenn n an1n, a Hpokon, nnme, ne xynn, ckanenn n
an1n nn sansen Hnpnx o1 Honncko xope o Hapnrpa. Te-
sn cnne1ec1na ce cona1, kora1o ce kasna, ne canxnn1e ca sanse-
n Hnpnx saeno c Heononec no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Kc-
1nnnan. Oane, ne 1esn canxnn ca nn npenon1ec1nann o1
rrapn n ne canxnn1e n cynax ca nn caxo crmsnnnn na r-
rapn1e nn xynn1e, kon1o coc1neno saexa noconenn1e sexn, ne ce
kasna. Canxnn1e n an1n1e ca xnnen na cenep, a rrapn1e na mr
o1 ynan. Brrapn1e nonnkan o1nrnn1e cn pa1x na noxom n
sansen Hnpnx.
Tona ne ce kasna, a ce nsnycka nxe1o rrapn n ce kasna, ne
caxo canxnn nn saen cnoxena1n1e nnpnckn oac1n! Br-
rapn1e ce nn xnnn o ynan ena n kpax na cexn nek n nnko-
ra ne nn naeen 1esn nnpnckn oac1n!
Brrapcko1o sansexane na Hnpnx amnno ce napnna ca-
nxncko sansexane na Hnpnx n na Bakancknx noyoc1pon. O11yk
1esa1a, ne xakeonnn1e ne ca rrapn, a nn canxnn, kon1o ce
napekn rrapn, samo1o ,xan Bopnc n naxy n Makeonnx, n
1e, mox 1o naxy, nsen 1a ce napekn rrapn. Axn samo ne ce
napekoxa 1ypnn, kora1o Mypaonnn n np. sanaxxa 1xxno1o o1e-
nec1no? 3amo ne ce napekoxa rrpnn, kora1o rn nokopn Bacnn II?
Hayka n e 1ona?
C 1asn nayka cn cyxn B. 3a1apckn, sa a sa1nrpn xnenn-
e1o, ne rrapn1e nn omn ena n kpax na VII nek n yc1ne1o
na ynan n ne ena ,xan Bopnc e n c1nrna o Makeonnx?
Ka1o oc1annx nac1pana ak1a, ne 3a1apckn nsomo ne ce e sa-
nnxana c nrpnons1onnnnn1e na rrapcka1a nc1opnx, 1o ne
rpxn axe n na onona, koe1o cax ocera eme npnsna. B cno-
x1a nc1opnx,
46)
1o nnme sa Kynpa1*:
,Kak1o n a no, no c npncrennxnane1o na ky1pnrypckn1e
n pyrn1e xyno-rrapckn opn Kypa1 sanrpmn oennenne1o
na rrapckn1e nexena, kon1o ca xnnen no perone1e na Hep-
no n Asoncko xope n na cenep o1 3anaen Kankas; 1o c1ana no
1ox nannn ocnona1e na nsnec1na1a npn Teoan n Hnknop C1a-
pa Benka Brrapnx.
Onennna nenc1nna, samo1o cnope Teoan n Hnknop C1a-
pa Brrapnx ce e naxnpaa n Tpaknx nokpa Bocopa, kak1o ns-
oxnxxe no-rope. Ho npen a nporxnx, neka o1eexnx, ne
3a1apckn c 1ona nokasna, ne ne e ynen, samo1o cnope C1. Ma-
54
___________
* Kypa1 .p.
enon n B. 3a1apckn, onx, ko1o 1nrpn, ne xynn1e ca rrapn,
nxxa npano na naynnoc1.
Ha pyro xxc1o n knnra1a cn 3a1apckn nnme:
,Hxe1o ,rrapn nxa crnpa1eno snanenne n e no omo,
kak1o sa ky1pnrypn, 1r n sa y1nrypn nxe, koe1o ca nocnn, ko-
ra1o ca nn oennenn no ena nac1 n n ena rpxana. Pasn-
pakn 1aka nxe1o ,rrapn, nne cxe ckonnn a npnexex e1nxo-
ornnecko1o xy oxcnenne, npeoxeno o1 npo. B. Toxamek,
ko1o nnme ceno1o: ,Hrpnonanano npes 481 r. nc1opnneckn
okasano1o nxe ,yrapon nepox1no osnanana ,xees o1 ,1mp-
ko-xonrocko1o nepano crrpxanne ,yrxa ,cxecnax.
Crmo1o npenon1opn n C1. Maenon.
Hxe1o rrapn osnananao yaxan. Tosn yaxan nac1a-
na, samo1o Kynpa1 n crennn xnneemn1e n kpax na VII nek
na cenep o1 Kankaskn1e nannnn ky1pnrypn n y1nrypn n nekn
1ypnnn, 1o napekr 1asn cxecnna yaxan. Cnope 1ona nxe1o
rrapn no pasnpoc1paneno ena n VII nek. A ne crmnx1 3a-
1apckn 1nrpeme ocera, ne rrapn1e ome n V nek ca xnnen
nokpa ynan, 1.e. npen Kynpa1 a nanpann nrnpocnnx yaxan,
1ona ce sapann.
Tyk me cnoxenex, ne nxena1a ky1pnrypn n y1nrypn ca cno-
xena1n no ynan na-nanpe o1 Hpokon (VI n.), a nxe1o rra-
pn vulgares (ennc1neno nnco vulgar), ce cnoxenana n Tpaknx n
Hnpnx ome o1 nnca1en, kon1o ca xnnen n IV n V nek, kora1o
sa y1nrypn n ky1pnrypn nnmo ne ce e snaeo, 1r ne nxe1o r-
rapn ne e sanonnao o1 nanpanennx npes VII nek o1 Kynpa1 n Kan-
kaskn1e nannnn yaxan o1 y1nrypn n ky1pnrypn. Hxe1o rra-
pn nxxa nnmo omo c nxena1a ky1pnrypn n y1nrypn, samo1o 1o
ce cnoxenana npen Kynpa1, n 1o peox c nxena1a ky1pnrypn n
y1nrypn. Tona ce pasnpa na-ope n o1 Teoan n Hnknop, ko-
n1o 3a1apckn npnnexa sa cnne1en. Te nnma1, ne Kpona1, nn
Kynpa1, c1ana rocnoap na xynn, nn xynorynypn (y1nrypn),
rrapn n ko1parn.
47)
Hxe1o rrapn ne ce e noynno o1 xnnxnx yaxan na
y1nrypn n ky1pnrypn, samo1o o1 npnneeno1o ce nnxa, ne
rrapn1e, ynorynypn1e n ko1parn1e ca nn pasnnnn ne-
xena, n ne nuexo +ran e c+mecxnynao nen noconennn
yauan.
Honexe 3a1apckn n Maenon npeana1 1yk xnenne1o na
Toxamek, neka cnoxenex, ne 1osn ,ynen noor nokasa cnox1a
opasonanoc1 n c 1ona, ne nanpann o1 a1nncka1a yxa
55
Libertatem*, 1ypcka1a yxa Aep1ex, n no 1osn nannn ,okasa,
ne rrapcknx1 nonoa, nnpnenr1 Cannnan, ce kasna Aep-
1ex n ceona1eno n 1ypnnn. yxn1e na Enon, nrpxy kon-
1o ce nosonana Toxamek, npeneoxxe no-rope, no me rn non1o-
pnx n 1yk. Enon kasna: ,Stat ante oculos Vulgarum ductor liber-
tatem dextra tua adserente prostratus. Tona cnope Toxamek os-
nananao: Bnxax npe cee cn rrapcknx nonoa Aep1ex n
np.! Tasn ranpa c nayka1a ce npeana o1 3a1apckn n Maenon
ka1o oxa nc1nna. H nonexe Toxamek n ynen, 1o n 1e, kon1o
xexannneckn npeana1 1asn naynnoc1, ce cnn1a1 sa ynenn. Pasn-
ka1a xexy 1xx e caxo n 1ona, ne oka1o an1opr1 na nsxncnna-
1a ce cnn1a sa onknonen ynen, 3a1apckn n Maenon ce nponrs-
racnxa sa nenkn ynenn.
Tyk cxe npnnyenn ome nenrx a ce cnpex na Maenon,
samo1o 1o e xepoannnx1 noor.
Kak1o noconnx n nanao1o, Maenon xn npnnncna nsxnc-
nna1a, ne crx cn cyxn c e1nxoornn1e na Pakonckn. O1 1ona
as paspax, ne necepnosnn e1nxoornn ne 1pxna a ce npanx1.
Kakno a kaxex 1orana sa e1nxoornx1a na C1. Maenon, ne o1
cxecnane1o na y1nrypn n ky1pnrypn, enn nnc1o nsnneckn nn
nrk xnxnneckn npenapa1, ce e noynno yaxan, nn rrapn,
xakap ne nscenane1o na noonn npoexn e pao1a na noo-
sn1e, a ne na noosn1e?
H na-oma1a e1nxoornx na Pakonckn 1rxnee npe 1asn na
Maenon, samo1o Pakonckn ce xrneme a o1ra1ne snanenne1o
na aenn yxn, oka1o Maenon crsana nonn yxn, sa a sa-
yn omec1no1o, ne rrapn1e ca 1ypnn. Crc crma1a ne ce
oxnn n canxncko1o krnes n krnias sa xan.
Hne n 1yk me kaxex, ne ako Maenon ne oxcnn kak e c1a-
nao o1 ,vulgares yaxan nn opa1no1o; kak e c1anao o1 ,ka-
nec n ,kannac xan, 1o me koxnpoxe1npa xxc1o1o, koe1o sae-
xa, samo1o cnope npo. Maenon, ko1o ce sannxana c ,pa-
konmnnn, nn c necepnosnn e1nxoornn, ne xoxe a re npo-
ecop, a nerona1a e1nxoornx e 1nnnnen npnxep sa 1ona. Ho-
npen noconnxxe, ne Maenon ne e homo bonus, cera neka ka-
xex, ne o1 neronnx yaxan ce nnxa, ne 1o ne e homo doctus.
Ha kakno ocnonanne 1o 1orana e npoecop?
He no-xako ynynane npensnnkna n paskasr1 na 3a1apckn,
ne ky1pnrypn1e n y1nrypn1e, sa nnn1o ec1nnx no ynan, n Tpa-
knx n Hnpnx 1o pasnpanxme ocera narro n namnpoko, npes
56
___________
* Cnooa1a (nnnn1een naex) .p.
VII nek nsnenrx ce naxepnxa na cenep o1 Kankaskn1e nannnn!
Tosn nonek npoc1o ne snaeme kakno npnkasna.
3a ynynane ca crmo n cenn1e xy pascrxennx:
,O1 1ypckn1e xexyoconnn oane na-nrpno ce nrsnosna-
a Bnsan1nx, kox1o ycnxa ne caxo a cnacn Xepcon o1 1ypnn1e,
no n Bocnop a nrpne o1nono no nac11a na nxnepa1opa. 3a a
sanasn n n reme cnon1e naennx no cenepnn1e perone na
Hepno xope, nnsan1ncko1o npann1ec1no nexako e cnoxorna-
o sa ocnooxanane1o na rrapn1e o1 1ypcka1a nac1 n sa nrs-
c1anonxnane1o na rrapcka1a rpxana n oac11a na Asoncko
xope n p. Kyan, koe1o ce o1nacx 1rkxo krx aeno1o npexe, 1.e.
krx nanao1o na 80-1e ronnn na VI nek.
48)
O1 npnneeno1o xcno ce pasnpa, ne rrapn1e ne ca 1ypnn,
oka1o 3a1apckn pasnpanxme ocera, ne rrapn1e nn 1ypnn.
Bnsan1nnn1e nn xnnan Kankaskn1e nannnn a ocnoox1
rrapn1e o1 1ypnn1e! Kaknn ca nn rrapn1e, mox ne ca 1yp-
nn? Hex1a na Henon n 1yk e nonnxa na B. 3a1apckn.
Aan, yxnryn, cannnn, +ran
Ka1o 1ypnn 3a1apckn cera oosnanana aapn1e, kon1o cno-
pe nero ca xnnen n Byxapa n Typkec1an n o11ax omn a no-
kopx1 rrapn1e nn xynn1e na cenep o1 Kankaskn1e nannnn. Te-
sn 1ypnn n o1rcna Kynpa1 n crennn xnneemn1e na cenep
o1 Kankaskn1e nannnn xynckn nexena n enn napo.
49)
Hxa nemnnko nxpno n kasano1o, caxo ne 1esn crn1nx ne ca
c1anan n Asnx, a n Hanonnx, aknx n Hnpnx, n ne aapn1e ne
ca nn 1ypnn n nemnnx cxncr na yxa1a, a canxnckn 1yp-
nn (roneapn), o1 canxncko1o 1ypnna (kpana). 3a1apckn npe-
xec1na 1esn crn1nx n Asnx caxo n caxo a samn1n 1esa1a, ne
rrapn1e ca asna1nn. Ho neka cnoxenex no-nanpe napon1e,
kon1o no onona npexe ca xnnen nokpa ynan.
Hopan, ko1o e xnnx n Maka Ckn1nx n e pao1n nrpxy
cnoe1o crnnnenne okoo 552 r., nnme, ne o1 Mypsa (na ono1o
1enenne na p. pana) o nec1rp xnnen ckanenn1e, a o1 nec-
1rp o nenrp xnnen an1n1e.
Hpokon nrk, ko1o e ec1na o1 527 o 548 r. nnme, ne o
Meo1ncko1o a1o xnnen xopa, kon1o n c1apo npexe nnaxa
napnnann knxepnn, a cera ce kasna1 y1nrypn, a na cenep o1 1xx
xnnex1 esponn1e nexena na an1n1e.
50)
57
Honexe cxe cn noc1annn sa ne a aex enn kpa1rk nper-
e na 1esn crn1nx, 1yk ne xoxex a nnsaxe n noponoc1n,
no nce nak neka orpnex nnnxanne1o na nn1a1en1e, ne cnope
Hpokon y1nrypn1e ca ce kasnan n c1apo npexe knxepnn, a knxe-
pnn1e ca c1ap ckn1ckn n 1paknckn napo, ko1o eno npexe e
xnnx n o Bocopa n Tpaknx.* Tona ce pasnpa n o1 npnneeno-
1o 1yk, kre1o ce kasna, ne knxepnn1e-y1nrypn ca xnnen mxno
o1 an1n1e, 1.e. mxno o1 ynan.
Tr ka1o an1ckn1e nn canxnckn1e nexena ca xnnen na
cenep o1 ynan ns1onno o p. nenrp, 1o xnneemn1e mxno o1
1xx knxepnn y1nrypn nn xynnrypn ca xnnen nokpa Hepno
xope, mxno o1 ynan. Hopan nrk, cnope koro1o ynyrypn1e nn
xynn1e ca xnnen n eno npanpexe n Tpaknx o Meo1nc, a cera o
Hepno xope n (xaka) Ckn1nx n cnope koro1o 1esn xynn ca r-
rapn, nnme, ne an1n1e ca xnnen n sanox na Hon1a xexy ne-
nrp n nec1rp, a mxno o1 1xx nokpa Hepno xope n ona Mn-
snx, Tpaknx n Makeonnx ca xnnen rrapn1e.
51)
O11yk ce nnxa, ne ka1o rrapn ca oosnanenn c1apn1e 1pa-
knckn knxepn.
Kak1o n a e, n VI nek canxnn1e ca xnnen na cenep o1 y-
nan, a na mr o1 ynan rrapn1e. Bcnnkn 1esn c1apn 1paknc-
kn nexena 3a1apckn oxnxna sa xonrockn asna1nn, kon1o npes
VII n. naxyn n Tpaknx a nskopenx1 1paknnn1e!
A sa aapn1e me cnoxenex, ne c1apn1e canxnckn nnca1en
rn napnna1 opn. H1ooxe (II nek) rn cnoxenana n 3anana a-
knx nn Hanonnx no nxe1o oxponec, a Xepoo1 no nxe1o
oxpnkn. Hpenn na ncnnko 1ona nne rn nnmex aapn, a ne ana-
pn, kak1o nxkon pyrn rn nnma1. Tesn aapn nokopnxa nn ce cr-
ennnxa c xnneemn1e ns1onno o1 1xx n aknx canxnn nn xynn
n rrapn. B Hanonnx 1e ce crennnxa c aann1e n ce orpnaxa
sa noxom krx nxnepa1op Kc1nnnan (564 r.). Kc1nnnan rn e sa-
onon c pasnn noaprnn, 1a 1e ce o11ernxa o1 Pnxcka1a nx-
nepnx n ce o1npannxa sa Ianx. Ho n pankcknx1 knxs Cnrnep1
e cryxx a ce ocnoon o1 1xx, 1a 1e ce nrpnaxa nak krx Hano-
nnx. Mexy 1ona nxnepa1op Kc1nnnan e nonnka na noxom xn-
neemn1e no nsnopn1e na Ea anroapn a ce nx1 npo1nn re-
nnn1e, kon1o cnoenonnnexa n ona Hanonnx. Kora1o anro-
apn1e omn na ynan n aknx, 1e yapnn 1yk nrpxy rra-
pn, kon1o rn nananan ena nom.
52)
58
___________
* Cantscho Tzenoff, Die Abstammung der Bulgaren und die Uhrheimat der
Slaven.S. 74 ff. B.a.
Aapn1e n rrapn1e nn xynn1e ca xnnen n Hanonnx n no
npexe1o na nxnepa1op Kc1nnnan, a peonnnx1 npoecop na Co-
ncknx ynnnepcn1e1 B. 3a1apckn nnme, ne 1e no onona npexe
ca ce naxnpan n Typkec1an, Byxapa, n na cenep o1 Kankaskn1e
nannnn.*
2. Bonxe na aanxe n yrnxe cknxckn neuena
c Hsxonnaxa Pnucka nunenn
3a1apckn nnme:
Krx nanao1o na 558 r. anapn1e (kon1o cnope nero, kak1o
noconnxxe, ca xnnen n Byxapa n Typkec1an) oc1nrnan sexn1e
na kankaskn1e aann n npn nocpennnec1no1o na aancknx nae-
1e Caopcnx (ce ka1o nokopnn 1ax rrapn1e) yc1anonnn
o1nomennx c Kc1nn (nacennka na Kc1nnnan).
Ome ennckon Axpocn, yxpx n 374 r., nnca, ne nenrx nx-
nepa1op Baen1ennan (364 375 r.) o1konn xynn1e (aapn1e) n
aann1e, kon1o npes Aexannx ce onxnn o Ianx.
Aann1e, c kon1o ce crennnn xynn1e nn aapn1e, kak1o
nnxaxe, ca xnnen ome npes ne1nrp1n nek n Iopna Hanonnx, a
3a1apckn pasnpanx nsxncnnn, ne 1e ne caxo n ne1nrp1n, no n n
mec1n nek nn xnnen n Asnx. H ka1o nonek na nayka1a, 1o conn
n cnne1en sa 1ona cn 1nrpenne. Tesn cnne1en ca Teonak1
Cnxoka1a n Teoan. ope. a nnnx kakno cnne1ec1na1 1e.
Teonak1 Cnxoka1a nnme, ne aapn1e ca xynn, kon1o xnne-
x1 nokpa ynan.
Tesn xynn-aapn ce nn crennnn c aann1e, n 1o n Ha-
nonnx.
Tesn aapn-xynn, ce ka1o ce nrpnaxa o1 Ianx, ycnxxa c
rrn nperonopn n noennn ec1nnx a sansexa1 Cnpxnyx. Ce
1ona no1ernxa krx ns1ok n ce crennnxa c oc1anan1e ckn1ckn
nexena n opa1a cn npo1nn Hs1onna1a Pnxcka nxnepnx. Ho
nonexe 3a1apckn nnme, ne cnope Cnxoka1a crmn1e aapn no
1ona npexe ce naxnpan n Asnx, neka noconnx, ne Cnxoka1a nn-
me crncex pyro. To nnme, ne aapcknx1 knxs, ce ka1o npen-
se Cnpxnyx, ce cpyxn crc ckn1n n xnsn. Tesn ckn1ckn n xn-
snckn crpyxnnnn, nn nrk nonnnenn na aapcknx knxs, sanse-
59
___________
* Tasn noconx 3a1apckn e npnon n canxncka Pycnx, samo1o ce oc-
1anka1a na knxs Ba1enepr nec1nnnn1e nncaxa, ne pycko1o npann1ec1no no
npeoxno enn yxapen sa knxs na Brrapnx. Pycko1o npann1ec1no n 1osn
cyna ce e no ncymnao n raca na ,ynenn1e, sa1ona n o1nomenne1o na Py-
cnx krx Brrapnx e 1akona, kakno1o eme. B.a.
n ce 1ona xnsnckn1e rpaone Pn1napnx (Apnap), Bononnx,
Aknc, opoc1o (Cnnc1pa), 3aaa (Byxen), Hanaca, Mapnna-
nono n Tpona.
53)
aknckn1e nocennnn na cenep o1 ynan ca napenenn 1yk
ckn1n. C aknnn1e n xnsnnn1e ca ce nn crennnn nemn1e
o1 sana aapn, a ne c nxkaknn cn asna1ckn yxapnn n 1ypkec1an-
nn. Mnsnnn1e sansen xnsnckn1e rpaone. Bnn ca ce snann
nanrnan npo1nn pnxcka1a nac1. A nonexe Mnsnx o1 ne1nrp-
1n nek nacax ce napnname Brrapnx n nonexe xnsn1e ce napnna-
xa rrapn, 1o o1 1ona ce pasnpa, ne aapn1e ca ce nn cpy-
xnn c rrapn1e n Mnsnx. Xnneemn1e nokpa ynan n Hanonnx
aapn ca ce nn crmsnn c 1paknckn1e nexena npo1nn Bnsan-
1ncka1a nxnepnx. A nnsan1ncknx1 noe1 Hncnec, ko1o e crn-
pexennnk na 1esn crn1nx, onncnakn aapcka1a nona, npn c1e-
nn1e na Hapnrpa, kox1o ome ce napnna ckn1cka nona, kasna, ne
canxnn1e crc1anxnan ena nap1nx c xynn1e, ckn1n1e nrk c
rrapn1e, a xen1e crc ckn1n1e. (Hepcn1e ce xxa npncrennn-
n krx 1esn nexena sa npensexane1o na Hapnrpa).
54)
Xnneemn1e na cenep o1 ynan canxnn n xynn opasynan
ena nap1nx, a xnneemn1e na mr o1 ynan n xaka Ckn1nx n Mn-
snx ckn1n n rrapn pyra. Tr ce napnna1 1esn napon n o1
Cnxoka1a n no-na1a1rmno1o xy onncanne na 1esn nonn. Cnxo-
ka1a napene no-na1a1rk xnsnnn1e rrapn. To nnme, ne kora-
1o nnsan1ncknx1 noenanannk He1rp, 1prrna cpemy aapn1e n
c1nrna o Hona (Cnnmon), sa a ysnae pasnooxenne1o na nen-
pnx1ex, nsnpa1n nanpe enn pasysnana1een o1px. Tosn o1-
px ce na1rkna na xnxa ymn rrapn, kon1o, onepxnakn ce
na cnrpsano1o npnxnpne, cn nrpnen esrpnxno, no n 1asn
cxna1ka rrapn1e pasnn nnsan1nnn1e.
55)
He1rp n cxenen. Heronnx1 nacennk Hpnck nporxn
noxoa n nse xnsncknx rpa Cnnrnynyx (Berpa), ka1o nsro-
nn o1 nero rrapn1e.
56)
Mnsnnn1e nnponex o1 Cnnmon o Berpa ca ce kasnan no
onona npexe (588 r.) rrapn. C 1esn rrapn ce cpyxnxa aa-
pn1e ce npensexane1o na Cnpxnyx cnope Cnxoka1a, a ne c
nxkaknn cn yxapnn n pyrn asna1nn, kak1o nnme 3a1apckn.
Cnxoka1a napnname xnsnnn1e rrapn, a re1n1e n aknx
canxnn.
57)
Aapn1e nrk ce xxa cpyxnn c re1n1e n xnsn1e, kon1o ce
napnnaxa n canxnn, n rrapn.
Tona ca nncan Cnxoka1a n Teoan.
60
Taka ce cxnama1 1esn napon n n erena1a sa cn. nxn1rp
Coynckn. Cnope nex aapn1e nn no1ernn sa Coyn c es-
ne1no xnoxec1no ckanenn n rrapn.
58)
Ka1o rrapn 1yk ca o1exsann npenxno nnpnnn1e, sa-
mo1o no-na1a1rk ce kasna, ne aapn1e, ce ka1o nn saen nx-
a1a nnpncka npeek1ypa, a nxenno: ne1e Hanonnn, ne1e a-
knn, apannx, Mnsnx, Hpenaa (Hepna ropa), Poona, Tpaknx o
roxxa1a c1ena npe Bnsan1nx, nn nonnnnn xn1en1e na 1e-
sn c1pann. O1 1ona npexe nac1anao cxecnane na rrapn, aa-
pn n pyrn nexena.
59)
B Hanonnx, Hnpnx n Tpaknx nnponex ca ce cxecnn aapn-
1e c rrapn, a ne n Asnx.*
3. damnnnxe nn nencxnncknxe aan
Cnxoka1a eeme aapn1e na nc1nnckn n nenc1nnckn.
Hc1nnckn1e aapn cnope nero nn 1ypkn1e, kon1o xnnee-
xa sanano o1 Hanonnx n Hopnkyx, a nenc1nnckn1e nn oropn-
1e (saropnn1e), kon1o xnneen nokpa ynan. Hc1nnckn1e aa-
pn nn nokopnn xnoroponnx oropckn napo. Ena nac1 o1
oropn1e, kox1o ce napeka nap n xynn, na nsxraa npn xok-
pn1e (xakeonnn1e, o1 kon1o nponsnsame xakeoncknx1 nap
Caxon) n npn apce1 (rpsann1e) xynorypn1e, cannpn1e n
61
___________
* B cnncanne ,Hpocne1a ro. II, kn. 10, npo. C1. Poxanckn e nannca c1a1n-
x1a ,3aceenne na Bakancknx noyoc1pon o1 canxnn1e, n kox1o ce kasna:
,Hc1opnneckn1e nsnec1nx ronopx1 n nosa na xnenne1o, ne crmnncko1o sace-
nane na canxnn1e na Bakancknx noyoc1pon e c1anao n nporxenne na e-
no c1oe1ne n1opa1a noonnna na VI n nrpna1a noonnna na VII c1oe1ne
(c1p. 1255). Canxnn1e ce nn xnnn na mr o1 ynan sa rpaex. Ce 1ona ce
n xnn n ,1ypancknx1 napo anapn1e, a ce nero n ,noxacknx1 napo
nparrapn1e, kon1o crc cnox1a cnna non1nnecka oprannsannx ycnen a
oennx1 enoponn1e, no pasennenn nexena o1 onoynancka1a rpyna ca-
nxnn n ena rpxana (c1p. 1263). Hoxan nn ckn1amn ce neprapckn ckn1nn-
nn nxan cnna non1nnecka oprannsannx!
Hpo. Poxanckn ne e npan, ka1o kasna, ne nc1opnneckn1e nsnec1nx ronopnn
onona, koe1o 1o nnme. Kon ca 1esn nc1opnneckn nsnec1nx? a rn noconn. Ako
Cnxoka1a nnme, ne canxnn1e ca re1n, a Hopan, ne ca nene1n, ne nna a ce
sayxana rrapcka1a xaex, sa kox1o r-n Poxanckn e nannca cnox1a c1a-
1nx, ne canxnn1e ena n kpax na VI n. ce nn xnnn na ynan. Ako Cnxoka1a,
Hopan n np. Hnma1, ne aapn1e ce cxecnn n Tpaknx n Hnpnx c rrapn, ne
rrapn1e ca xnnen na mr o1 ynan, kora1o canxnn1e xnneexa na cenep o1 y-
nan, ne xoxe enn npoecop a nnme, ne ,noxackn1e rrapn ce nn xnnn
na ynan ena ce canxnn1e n aapn1e. I-n Poxanckn ne me a e ne an1opn-
1e, sa a samn1n ena amnna kaysa. Tona ne e nayka, a nap1nsanc1no. B.a.
pyrn xynckn nexena. Te cn noxncnn, ne 1ona ca aapn, n o1
c1pax, ne xoxe a nx nanpanx1 nemo so, rn ocnnan c noa-
prnn. Oropn1e nn nap n xynn, ka1o saexsan 1ona, ce napek-
n aapn. Tr ca ce ooconn amnnn1e aapn.
60)
Brpxy 1asn
nc1opnx nne 1yk ne xoxex a ce npoc1npaxe, me kaxex caxo,
ne n nec nnnnnann n nnmnann napnna1 cexnn1e na okonoc1-
1a cn saropnn (yropnn) n 1opann (1ypkn nn 1ypnn), 1.e. rone-
apn. Topann1e, nn saropnn1e, o1krx ynan nsxran na mr
n Makeonnx. Tona ca ,1ypnn1e, kon1o nn nokopnn xynory-
pn1e, nn xynorynypn1e, cannpn1e n np., oane ne n Asnx, a na
mr o1 ynan.
Pycknx1 xponorpa Hec1op napnna kasann1e xynckn nexena
rrapn; cnope nero yropn1e nn crcen na rrapn1e. Vropn-
1e ca nn crcen na ynyrypn1e, cannpn1e n np., kon1o noce ce
napekoxa rrapn, sa1ona Hec1op nnme, ne canxnn1e xnnen
nokpa ynan, ,re ec1i nine Vropicka sexnx n Borapicka. Ta-
ka nxec1o ynorypn yropn1e xnneen o rrapn1e.
61)
Ho-na1a1rk ce kasna:
,Hocexi xe npnoma Vrpn Ben, n nacenma sexm co-
nencky; cn o Vrpn nonama i1n npn Hpaknn napn, nxe naxon-
ma na Xospox napx Hepickaro. H cn xe Bpexena ima n Opn
(aapn) nxe xonma na Hpaknx napx n xao ero ne xma. Cn xe
Opn noenaxy na Conenex n npnxynnma yei, cymax Co-
neni.
H o1 Hec1op ce nnxa, ne aapn n yropnn, nn saropnn, kon-
1o nn crcen na rrapn1e, nokopxnan kpa ynan canxnn n
np., sa1ona 1ax, kre1o eno npexe xnneen canxnn1e, cera ce
naxnpaa yropcka1a n rrapcka1a sexx.
Aapn1e n pyrn1e kpaynanckn nexena ce cpyxnn c
nepcn1e, sa a npensexa1 Hapnrpa. Teoan npeana 1ona 1aka:
Hepcncknx1 max nsnpa1n Capnapa c oc1a1rka na apxnx1a
cn npo1nn Hapnrpa n me ce pasepe crc sanann1e xynn, kon1o
ce napnna1 aapn, c rrapn1e, ckanenn1e n rennn1e a 1prr-
na1 cpemy rpaa n ro ocax1.
62)
Ako n 625 ronna ca ocaxan Hapnrpa, rrapn1e ca xn-
neen npen Kynpa1 n npen Acnapyx kpa ynan n n Tpaknx.
Ocaa1a oane ne ycnx. Tx ne ycnx ne caxo samo1o na-
naa1en1e ca nn can a npensexa1 enn ykpenen rpa
ka1o Hapnrpa, no n samo1o 1oranamnnx1 nxnepa1op Xepak-
n ycnx a ce pasepe c xynn1e nn rrapn1e npo1nn aa-
pn1e.
62
4. Kynax nn Konax, ocnonaxenx
na uoenaxa +racka +mana
Cpaxenne1o npn Hapnrpa c1ana npes 625 r., a kak1o nnme
na1pnapx Hnknop, rocnoapx1 na xynn1e n omr n 619 r.,
1.e. mec1 ronnn npen cpaxenne1o npe Hapnrpa, nrn Bnsan-
1nx crc cnon1e nonon n 1eoxpann1en, kre1o xynn1e nn
nrneenn n cne1n1e 1anc1na n nn ora1o naapenn. Ha rocno-
apx na xynn1e no aeno na1pnnncko oc1onc1no. Onpxn
na 1ona npnx1ec1no c xynn1e, Xepakn sanonna xnpnn npero-
nopn c aapn1e, kon1o, kak1o ce nnxa, ca nn espesy1a1nn,
samo1o nrnpekn 1ona cpaxenne1o npn Hapnrpa nak c1ana. O1
ak1a, ne ce nopaxenne1o aapcknx1 knxs e n ocoeno cn-
no paspasnen npo1nn canxnn1e nn xynn1e, xoxe a ce kaxe, ne
1e ne ca nn nsnrnnn akypa1no cnon1e saann n ox. Ce 1o-
na nopaxenne c1ana pasnenenne xexy aapn n xyno-canxnn.
Ha1pnapx Hnknop nnme sa nero:
,Ho 1ona npexe ce nonrna Kynpa1, nnykr1 na Oprana, roc-
noapx1 na xynorynypn1e, npo1nn xarana na aapn1e n nsronn
xopa1a xy ns coc1nena1a cn sexx. Hponon ce 1ona npa1enn-
nec1no o Xepaknx n cnrpsa xnp c nero.
63)
Aapn1e nokopnxa 1yk ynorypn1e nn xynorynypn1e. Tesn
xynorynypn ce nnra1 cera npo1nn aapn1e n rn nsnrxa1 o1
o1enec1no1o cn. A kak1o nnme Hopan, xynorypn1e ca xnneen o1
npanpexe n Tpaknx n aknx, kon1o xxa sae1n o1 aapn1e. Hopa-
n 1ona xynorynypr1 Kynpa1 ne eme nxko nyxenen sa Bnsan-
1ncka1a nxnepnx. Heronnx1 crnpexennnk, nanka1a Hoan o1
Hnkny, nn pasnpanx, ne Kynpa1 n o1 e1nnc1no o1pacna n nx-
nepa1opcknx nop n Hapnrpa n nopan 1ona e n nsrk npn-
x1e na nxnepa1op Xepakn. Tesn naxa npnx1en ca ce nn
paspan npo1nn aapn1e, kon1o no1nckan xynn1e n sanamna-
n Hapnrpa.
B erena1a nrk sa cn. nxn1pn Coynckn, kox1o e nncana
no 1ona npexe, ce kasna, ne rrapcknx1 knxs, ko1o ce nnrna
cpemy aapn1e n rn nsronn, ce napnna Kynep.
Tax ce kasna, ne cera nrk ce sanonnaa nona o1 rrapn1e
Manrp (Mapko) n Kynep sa npensexane1o na Coyn.
Ce ka1o ce xnnan mec1ece1 n nonene ronnn, o1kak1o
npenon1ex1 na aapn1e nonnnn napoa (n cnoxena1n1e ne-
ne nnpnckn n 1paknckn nponnnnnn), nspacnao nono nokoe-
nne, koe1o c npexe1o c1anao cnoono. Bnekn oane oceen
63
napo, aapcknx1 npenon1e xy nasnann sa nonoa rrapn-
na Kynep.
64)
Kynep, ka1o ysna o1 nxkon cnon npnnxenn sa xeanne1o
na napoa a ce nrpne n amnnn1e cn (xakeonckn n 1paknckn)
rpaone, ce nanrna npo1nn non1ex na aapn1e n ce o1en
o1 nero. Aapcknx1 npenon1e ro nocena, no 1o ro o1rc-
na n ne1-mec1 cpaxennx n ro npnnyn a nsxra c oc1ananx
cn napo n no-o1aenenn krx cenep xec1a.
Ce 1asn noea Kynep xnna c napoa cn peka ynan, o1n-
mr n Makeonnx n sanse noe1o Kepaxecnx (Hpnencko). O1-
1yk rrapn1e nonckan a sansexa1 Coyn n pyrn1e 1paknckn
rpaone, kon1o 1e cnn1an sa rpaone na cnon1e amn.
Honexe aapn1e sanonnaxa a naxyna1 n Hs1onna1a pnxcka
nxnepnx krx kpax na Kc1nnnanono1o napynane, 1.e. okoo 565
r., n nonexe nanrane1o na Kynep npo1nn aapn1e e c1anao mec-
1ece1 n nonene ronnn ce 1ona, 1o Kynep ce e n nnrna
npo1nn aapn1e xexy 625 n 630 ronna, 1.e. 1rkxo 1orana, kora-
1o Kynpa1 ce nnrna npo1nn 1xx, 1r ne Kynep n Kynpa1 ca ena
n crma nnnoc1. Pasnka1a e caxo 1ax, ne xynorynypn1e 1yk ca
napenenn rrapn.
Honexe Kynep ce nnrna na cenep o1 ynan, 1o xynorynypn-
1e, na kon1o e c1ox 1o, ca xnneen na cenep o1 ynan.
Ce ka1o nsnrnn aapn1e o1 aknx krx ceneposana, xy-
norynypn1e, nn rrapn1e, xnnan na mr o1 ynan a nporo-
nx1 n rrpnn1e o1 amnnn1e cn rpaone. Kasna ce caxo o1 ,amn-
nn1e cn rpaone, a ne o1 ,amnna1a cn sexx, samo1o sexx1a cn
e na nacexnana o1 rrapn. Irpnn1e ca ce nn nac1annn ns
rpaone1e no ka1o nnnonnnnn, no ka1o 1rpronnn n np., 1a
rrapn1e cera nckan a onnc1x1 n rpaone1e cn o1 1xx.
Hrpnonanano ncxko nexe e nomnao caxoc1ox1eno, no
cera paspan, ne nxa nyxa o1 omo koxannane n omo ynpan-
enne, sa1ona pemnn a cn nsepa1 enn sa om rannokoxan-
nam. Ce ka1o pascrnn, nnen, ne nnko pyr o1 1xx ne e
cnocoen sa nckano1o, n nonexe ncnnkn (xynn nn canxnn, r-
rapn nn ckn1n n np.) nomnan saeno, ncnnkn nsen ,konapno-
1o pemenne a nsepa1 Kynep sa om non1e; 1o a rn naee
n a nx re apxon1 (nae1e) n xaran (non1e).
65)
Kynep nnponex n c1ana enn nn 1pakonnpnckn nxne-
pa1op. Tr ce crennnxa ckn1ckn1e nexena n ena rpxana.
Tesn cneennx ca nsnrnpeno noynn1enn, sa o1nomennx1a
na mxnn1e canxnn noxexy nx. Aapn1e, nn nocennnn1e na
64
Iopna Hanonnx, paspan, ne mrons1onnn1e nx crcen ca oce-
en napo, sa1ona ce crracnn 1osn napo a cn nxa cnox o1-
ena ynpana. O1 pyra c1pana, nexena1a, kon1o nacexnaxa
ona Hanonnx, aknx n np., ca ce cnn1an sa enn napo, sa1o-
na cn nspan om rocnoap, n no 1osn nannn opasynan oma
rpxana.
Brrapn1e nckan a nsexa1 Coyn n pyrn1e 1paknckn
rpaone ne samo1o ce cnn1an sa xpapn xopa, kon1o, onnpa-
kn ce na cna1a cn, nckan a sanaex1 rprnkn rpaone, a sa-
mo1o cnn1an 1esn rpaone sa rrapckn, sa rpaone na cnon-
1e amn n en. Ocnen 1ona nona1a nx crc coynnann e na
pa1cka nona, nona xexy na crnexennn napoa. Tona sna-
nn, ne coynnann ca nn rrapn, no npenonn1an nnsan-
1ncka1a npe rrapcka1a nac1. B xn1ne1o ce kasna, ne Ma-
nrp n Kynep nn 1ano naxncnn ena pa1cka nona npo-
1nn rpaa.
O1 1ona ce pasnpa kakrn xonroen e n Kynpa1 n kaknn
rrpnn ca nn poenn1e n Coyn cn. cn. Knn n Me1on.
Hpenn na 1ona, ne n Coyn ca xnneen rrapn, Manrp n
Kynep pemnn a nsnpa1x1 n rpaa nxkoro, ko1o a ro npensexe
o1nr1pe c nr1pemno nrc1anne. 3a 1asn ne n nsnpa1en Manrp,
ko1o, kasna ce n xn1ne1o, snae namnx esnk, 1.e. poxeckn, ca-
nxnckn n rrapckn.
B Coyn npen Kynep, nn npen 625 r., ce e ronope n r-
rapckn. E1norpackn Coyn e n rrapckn rpa. Tona ce pas-
npa o1 caxo cee cn, mox nona1a na rrapn1e Manrp n Ky-
nep cpemy Coyn e napenena pa1cka (crnexenna) nona. Br-
rapn1e o1krx ynan ca nckan a npncrennx1 n Coyn krx oc-
1anaa Brrapnx.
Apxnennckon Teonak1 nrk nnme sa 1ona:
,Kora1o ce 1okona ronnn oxpn1e (aapn1e), enn nap-
napckn napo, nanycnaxa mxnn1e nac1n na Tnepnono (Makeo-
nnx), oe ns ckn1ckn1e nac1n o1nr ynan pyr napo, 1r na-
penenn1e rrapn. Ce 1ona pasmnpnn nac11a cn na nxa1a
nnpncka sexx, C1apa Makeonnx o rpa Coyn, saceenn1e
xec1a na C1apa Tpaknx, as xncx 1esn okoo Bepox (C1apa 3aro-
pa), nnnono n no-narope: sansexa 1esn sexn ka1o noc1oxnnn
xn1en (samo1o ce cnn1axa sa 1exnn noc1oxnnn xn1en) n pas-
xec1nxa xn1en1e na rpaone1e (na Cenepna n na Kxna Brra-
pnx), enn1e narope, 1.e. krx cenep, a pyrn1e opa1no na 1xxno-
1o xxc1o.
66)
65
Kynpa1 e npecena mxnn1e rrapn na cenep, samo1o ca n-
n nearonaexnn nasn1en na rrapnsxa npo1nn rrpnnsxa.
Tr sanonna xoepna1a rrapcka rpxana.
Tx ce crsae n 3anana Brrapnx n ce pasmnpn n nrpxy Ma-
keonnx n Tpaknx.
Hama1a ne oane e caxo a noconnx, ne aapn1e ne ca n-
n nokopnn rrapn1e n Asnx, a n ona Hanonnx, aknx, Mn-
snx, Hnpnx n Tpaknx n ne 1yk ce nanrna Kynpa1 npo1nn anapn-
1e, 1r ne 1esn c1pann 1pxna a ce cnn1a1 sa rrapcko o1enec-
1no. Bcnnko 1ona 3a1apckn ne e nse npenn, a nnme nsxncn-
nn, ne Teonak1 Cnxoka1a n Teoan nn 1nrpen, ne aapn-
1e nn nokopnn rrapn1e n Asnx, nopan koe1o nne nxaxe
npano a kaxex, ne 1o ne e 1rpcn nc1nna1a, a naponno ce e
c1pexn a x sayn, caxo n caxo a samn1n non1nnecka1a
ynknnx, ne rrapn1e nxxa1 nc1opnnecko npano na Tpaknx n
Hnpnx.
5. Acnayx
Ho-na1a1rk 3a1apckn nnme, ne ce cxrp11a na Kynpa1, ko-
x1o cnope nero na nocenaa n 642 r., ne1nxa1a Kynpa1onn
cnnone ka1o ne n nakan cxrp11a na ama cn, sa a nanycna1 a-
mnna1a cn sexx n a na1 a ce nonnnx1 no nyxn napon.
Hpn 1ona naxrnane krx poc1no1o caxo 1pe1nx1 Kynpa1on cnn
Acnapyx n cnoynn a nsxra o1 Asnx npes 678 r., a oe n
yc1ne1o na ynan, a nokopn canxnn1e n ona Mnsnx n a oc-
none rrapcka1a rpxana. ,Tpe1nx1 no nrspac1 cnn Hcnepnx,
Acnapyx, nanycna npnasoncko1o cn o1enec1no(?!). n c nanaa-
1a xy ce opa ynorynypn, no1ern na sana n np. nnme
3a1apckn na c1p. 123 n cnox1a Hc1opnx. Acnapyx n one cno-
pe nero xynorynypn, a nne ronopnx sa rrapn. a kaxex, ne
1ona e nxpno: ne cena n o1 nero, ne xynorynypn1e ca omn
kpa ynan npn rrapn, kon1o n cnope 3a1apckn ome n ne1n
nek rocnoc1nan nokpa ynan. 3amo 1orana ce kasna, ne rra-
pn1e ena n 678 r. nn omn o1nxkre cn? Axn kre oc1ana
,yaxanr1 na 3a1apckn n Maenon? Han Kynpa1 n nan-
pann n Asnx yaxan o1 y1nrypn n ky1pnrypn, o1 kon1o nsxsr
xnxnnecknx1 npoyk1 rrapn? 3amo Acnapyx ne onee rra-
pn, a onee ynorynypn?
Honexe 1yk c1ana yxa sa xynorynypn, neka kaxex, ne nnkr-
e ne e kasano, ne xynorynypn1e nxkora ca xnnen n Asnx. Ha-
66
c1apn1e nnca1en, ka1o Hpnck n Hopan, rn cnn1a1 sa c1apn a-
knckn n 1paknckn xn1en.
Ho a oc1annx n 1ona. Bene noconnxxe, ne canxnn1e n an1n-
1e ca xnneen cenepno nokpa ynan nak o p. nenrp, a mxno o1
1xx o Hepno xope, kasna Hpokon, xnneexa y1nrypn1e, a Hopan
rrapn1e. Ho npexe1o na nxnepa1op Kc1nnnan, cnope Hpo-
kon, xynn1e, canxnn1e n an1n1e, a cnope Hopan rrapn1e,
canxnn1e n an1n1e, sansen n Hnpnx nak o Honncko xope.
Moxe n n 1akrn cyna a ce kasna, ne xynn nn nrk rrapn e-
na n 679 r. ca omn o1 Asnx npn canxnn1e na mr o1 ynan, ko-
ra1o 1rkxo opa1no1o e ak1? Tona xoxe a ronopn caxo onx,
ko1o nn ne e npoynn 1esn ak1n, nn nrk ne 1rpcn nc1nna1a.
Honexe 1yk c1ana yxa sa aknckn1e nocennnn, neka xnrp-
nx enn kpa1rk nore nrpxy 1xx.
Ome Xepoo1 nnca, ne peka1a Mapnc nsnnpa o1 sexx1a na
ara1npsn1e n ce cnna c ynan. Peka1a Mapnc, nec Mapom, ns-
nnpa o1 Kapna1n1e n ce nnna n Tnca, a 1x n ynan. Ara1npsn-
1e nnponex ca xnnen n ns1onnn1e Kapna1n, mox peka1a Mapnc
e nsnnpaa o1 1xxna1a sexx. Tax ca xnnen 1e n cnope Hopan,
ko1o onncna ckn1ckn1e nn aknckn1e nexena no cennx
nannn:
Haxno o1 Kapna1n1e, sanonnakn o1 nsnopn1e na Bnca, xn-
nee xnoroponnx1 napo nene1n. Makap ne 1exnn1e nasnannx ce
xenx1 cnope pasnn1e nx nexena n cenma, nce nak ka1o ran-
nn nasnannx cn oc1ana1 ckanenn n an1n. Ckanenn1e nocexna1
sexx1a o1 rpa Honne1ynyx n 1r napeneno1o Mypsnancko esepo
(na ono1o 1enenne na p. pana) nak o nec1rp n na cenep o
Bnca. An1n1e nrk, na-xpapn1e xexy 1xx, xnnex1 nokpa sa-
nox na Hepno xope o1 nec1rp o nenrp. Kpa okeana xnnex1
ec1n1e (kre1o n nec xnnex1 ec1onnn1e). Kxno o1 1xx xnnex1
akannpn1e. Kxno o1 1esn, no pera na Hepno xope, ce npoc1n-
pa1 cenma1a na rrapn1e.
67)
Xepoo1onn1e ara1npsn Hopan napene akannpn, samo1o 1e
xnneexa 1ax, kre1o xnneexa Xepoo1onn1e ara1npsn.
Panencknx1 kosxorpa napene Hopanonn1e akannpn xasapn
(kosapn). Ka1o nsara, ne Xasapnx e napnnana ,Ioxxa Ckn1nx
(sa pasnka o1 rrapcka1a Maka Ckn1nx), 1o nnme, ne Hopan
napnna xasapn1e arannpn.
68)
Xasapn1e ca xnneen nnponex n Kapna1ckn1e nannnn n
nemna Vkpana, a mxno o1 1xx n aknx ca xnneen rrapn1e,
nn xynn1e. Ako cera ce kasna, ne rrapn1e nn nanana1n o1
67
xasapn, 1pxna a ce pasnpa, ne ca nn nanana1n n aknx n na
ynan, a ne n Asnx.
Ho npexe1o na A1na xasapn1e nn no xyncka nac1. Hop-
an n cynax e napekr xynn1e rrapn.
aknx nn Ckn1nx o1 repxannn1e o nenrp e na nacex-
nana o1 canxnn, espasnnno, an 1e ca ce kasnan nene1n,
ckanenn, an1n, rrapn, xynn n np.
Tesn canxnn nokopn 1yk n cpea1a na ne1nrp1n nek oc1po-
ro1cknx1 knxs Xepxanpnk. To n nokopn ncnnkn napon na
Ckn1nx n Iepxannx, nkmnn1eno n ec1onnn1e, nnme Hopan.
Ce ka1o nokopn xepyn1e, kon1o xnneexa n Iopna Hanonnx, 1o
nonnnn n nene1n1e, ckanenn1e n an1n1e, kon1o ne xorn rro
a noneca1 nonnnenne1o cn. Pao1a1a e caxo, ne oka1o nne
onaknaxxe, ne canxnn me ce nanrna1 npo1nn 1ona nonnnenne,
ne1ex, ne onesn, kon1o ce nanra1 cpemy Xepxanpnk, ce kasna1 xy-
nn. Xyncknx1 knxs Baaxep (Benxnp) nsnosna oec11a n c1a-
poc11a na Xepxanpnk, ko1o n 110-ronmen, n nanxsr c ena
ope noro1nena sa o nocka n oac11a na oc1poro1n1e.
3anonnao pasnnxnane na nexena1a o1 xapkoxann1e n kna-
n1e, kon1o xnneexa n nemna 3anana Hexnx, o Hepno xope.
Ckopo ce 1ona nac1rnna1a cxrp1 na Xepxanpnk aa
naxomne na xynn1e npo1nn oc1poro1n1e. Oc1poro1n1e nona-
nan no nac11a na xynn1e, oane oc1poro1cknx1 knxs Bnnxnp
(Ammianus Marcellinus) sanasn o1nnnx1a na knxxecknx cn nnn.
Honexe xnoro 1rryna, ne e nonana no nac11a na xynn1e, sa
a ce ocnoon o1 1xx n none o1nac1n a nokaxe cnox1a xpa-
poc1, nanxsr n sexx1a na an1n1e.
69)
3a a rn cnamn, 1o pasnrna na kprc1 1exnnx knxs Bona,
cnnone1e xy n ceexece1 aroponnnn. Xyncknx1 knxs Baax-
ep ne ns1rpnx 1ona, a crpa nocka n nanana Bnnxnp,
ko1o nana n cpaxenne1o.
C 1ona xynn1e c1anan rocnoapn na nxa aknx, nn Ckn-
1nx, ka1o npn 1ona nonnnnn n ara1npsn1e, nn xasapn1e.
Oc1poro1cknx1 knxs Xepxanpnk nokopn nene1n, ckanenn n
an1n. 3a ocnooxenne1o nx oane ce nanra1 xynn n nonnnx-
na1 oc1poro1n1e. Oc1poro1cknx1 nrk knxs Bnnxnp, sa a ce oc-
noon o1 xynn1e, nannsa n sexx1a na an1n1e, nopan koe1o xy-
nn1e o1nono nonnnxna1 oc1poro1n1e.
Mexy xynn n canxnn, kak1o nnxaxe, nxxa pasnka. Te ca
nn c1apn aknnn n ca ce cnn1an sa enn napo, kak1o nnme
n Hncnec.
68
Tesn xynn-canxnn no non1ec1no1o na Kynpa1 ocnoon-
xa no npexe1o na Xepakn crnexennnnn1e cn na mr o1 ynan
n opasynaxa no 1osn nannn Benka Brrapnx.
Kynpa1, nn Kpona1, nxa ne1nxa cnnone, kon1o 1o npen
cxrp11a cn crne1na a ce rpxa1 saeno, samo1o nnane me no-
nana1 no nyxn napon. Cnnone1e xy oane ne cnasnn 1osn
crne1, a mox yxpx ama nx, ce pasenn, ka1o ncekn sac1ana
na ynpanxnano1o o1 nero nexe.
Honexe xynn1e naeen aknx o1 nemna Hexnx o nenrp,
1yk c1ana noxa1a na Kynpa1onn1e cnnone.
Ha-c1apnx1 pa1 Baxn, nn Ba1axn, oc1ana a ynpanxna
sexx1a na npaen1e cn, 1.e. aknx. B1opnx1 pa1 Ko1par xnna
peka Tananc. He1nrp1nx1 n ne1nx1 pa1 xnnan na mr o1 ynan
n o1nmn ennnx1 n Anapcka Hanonnx, a pyrnx1 n Panencknx
nen1ano (Onne noe). Tpe1nx1 pa1 Acnapyx npexnna pekn1e
nenrp n nec1rp, 1.e. nanycna sexx1a na an1n1e n ce nac1ann
n rrra (onroc), nn oroc, kak1o 1ona xxc1o ce napnnao no
rrapckn) na cenep o1 ynan. H o1 yxa1a onrr (rrr), kox1o
e canxncka yxa, ce nnxa, ne Acnapyx e npenoxa canxnn.
3amo nanpannxa 1ona Acnapyx n pyrn1e xy 1pnxa pa1x?
3amo xasapn1e, kon1o xnneen no Kapna1n1e n kon1o, kak1o
cnoxenaxxe, xxa eno npexe no xyncka nac1, ce nrsnosnan
o1 pasnokrcnane1o na xyncka1a rpxana, sa a nanana1 mxnn-
1e cn crcen, xynn1e, nn rrapn1e. 3ansen rrapcka1a sexx
o1nr ynan n npnnynn Ba1axn, knxsa na nrpna Brrapnx, a
nx nama anrk.
70)
A nonexe apxencknx1 reorpa Moce o1 Xopene nnme, ne
Acnapyx n nsxra o1 xasapn1e o1 rrapckn1e ropn n nporo-
nn aapn1e na sana,
71)
1o o11yk cena, ne xasapn1e (kosapn1e,
ykpannnn1e) ca nn npnnynn Acnapyx a nanycne oac11a
xexy nenrp n nec1rp, a ne samo1o n oaan o1 xncr1a
a c1ane po na nyxn napon. Xynr1 Acnapyx nanycna ena se-
xx, kox1o o1 ne1nrp1n nek nacax e na xyncka. Honexe xexy
xynn n an1n ne ce npaneme pasnka, sa1ona ce kasna, ne 1o o-
mr naneo na xynn.
Bcnnkn 1esn crn1nx ca c1anan n aknx, xexy Kapna1n1e,
kre1o xnneen xasapn1e, n ynan. He xynn1e ca nxan 1yk cnox
rpxana npen Acnapyx, 1ona ce pasnpa n o1 cnncrka na r-
rapckn knxse, n ko1o ce cona1 rrapckn1e knxse nokpa ynan
npen Acnapyx. Tax, xexy pyrn1e, ce cnoxenana n na-xan-
x1 A1non cnn Hpnnk, ka1o rrapckn knxs, ko1o ce nocen n
69
460 r. n Maka Ckn1nx, nn opyxa. Ce nero ce cnoxenana1
Ioc1yn, Koyp1, Besxep (ko1o nxa knxxec1no o1 ne1e c1pann
na ynan), nnn1o nxena ca an1ckn (canxnckn). Hak ce 1xx o
ynan n omr Hcnepnx, nn Ecnepnx.
Honexe ce kasna, ne ,1ypnnnr1 Acnapyx e one 1ypckn r-
rapn n Mnsnx, kon1o 1yk ca nokopnn canxnn, kon1o noce nrk
ca nocanxnnnn 1ypnn1e, neka ome enn nr1 a orpnex nnnxa-
nne na noconeno1o n r. IV, 1. na nac1oxmnx 1py, ne cnope Hpo-
kon y1nrypn1e, nn xynorypn1e, ca xnneen na mr o1 an1n1e, 1.e.
nokpa Hepno xope n opyxa, kre1o knxsyname A1nonnx1
cnn Hpnnk. Acnapyx e n omr o1 ena canxncka c1pana na
mr o1 ynan npn xynn, nn rrapn, koe1o ce pasnpa n o1 ak-
1a, ne Mnsnx npen Acnapyx ce e kasnaa Brrapnx. Acnapyx
nnponex n nsxra npn cnon1e crnaponnnn. Honexe, kak1o
cnoxenaxxe, caxn1e xynn ca cnn1ann sa canxnn, 1pxna a ka-
xex, ne omnx1 Acnapyx e n canxnnn, koe1o ce pasnpa n o1
canxncko1o nxe onroc n oroc.
Canxnn ooxa npn rrapn, a ne opa1no.
6. B+rann no neuexo na Acnayx
Bnsan1ncknx1 nxnepa1op Konc1an1nn Horona1, ka1o nn-
x, ne rrapn1e n aknx, kon1o crennnxa 1pakonnpnckn1e
nexena n ena rpxana, nn nanana1n o1 xasapn n aapn, pe-
mn n 1o a rn nanane n sanonxa na nocka1a cn a naxye
n Tpaknx. Bnsan1nnn1e xnnan ynan n nananan rrapn1e
o1nr ynan. Tesn cneennx nsnxaxe o1 Teoan, ko1o onkno-
neno napnna xynn1e rrapn, 1r ne ncrmnoc1 Horona1 e n na-
nana xynn o1nr ynan. Xynn1e oane pasnxa nnsan1nnn1e n
npnnynxa Horona1 a nx nama anrk. Ce pasnnane1o na
nnsan1nnn1e xynn1e xnnan ynan n c1nrnan ns1onno o Bap-
na. Ka1o nnen, ne xec1noc11a 1yk e 1pyno npensexaexa, sa-
mo1o o1sa e ynan, o1npe n o1c1pann ca kncypn n Hepno xo-
pe, sanaen kncypn1e n npexec1nn o1 crcenn1e ceex ca-
nxnckn nexena cenepn1e o1 naxnpama1a ce npe 1xx Beperanc-
ka (Bepkoncka) kncypa krx ns1ok (o Hapnrpa), a oc1anan1e
ceex nexena, c kon1o nn n crms (ome o1 VI n.), krx mr n sa-
na, nak o Aapnx.
72)
O1 1ona nsnec1ne ce pasnpa, ne rrapn1e n cera, kak1o n no
npexe1o na nxnepa1op Anac1acn, ca xnnan ynan npn Bnnn
n Hox, ako npe 1xx na-nanpe ce e nnxaa Bepkoncka1a kn-
70
cypa. Hpexec1nane1o na epkonnann na ns1ok o Hapnrpa e c1a-
nao, kak1o n npexec1nannx1a no npexe1o na Kynpa1, samo1o cr-
cenn1e na rrpnn1e rrapn ne nn naexnn nasn1en na r-
rapcka1a rpannna.
Aapnx, sa kox1o 1yk c1ana yxa, ce e naxnpaa n Hanonnx,
samo1o Teoan na pyro xxc1o kasna, ne ennnx1 o1 Kynpa1onn-
1e cnnone, ne1nrp1nx1, npexnna ynan n o1nmr n Aapcka Ha-
nonnx, kre1o 1o cnope Hnknop ckmnn oronop c 1axom-
nnx napo.
O1 1ona cena, ne rpannna1a na Hona Brrapnx na sana e
onnpaa o Iopna Hanonnx.
Tona ce pasnpa o1 caxo cee cn, samo1o o1 V nek nacax nne
noc1oxnno cymaxe sa rrapn n Hanonnx. Kora1o n 488 r. Teoo-
pnx oe n Hanonnx, 1o yapn 1yk nrpxy rrapn. Brrapn1e
1pxname a ce pasnx1, sa a nsexe H1anx Cnpxnyx. Kora1o an-
roapn1e no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Kc1nnnan ooxa n Hano-
nnx, 1e yapnxa 1yk nrpxy rrapn. Kora1o saxnnaxa sa H1anx, 1e
o1neoxa n rrapn crc cee cn. Hpes 598 r. 1pxname nnsan1nnn-
1e a nsronx1 rrapn1e o1 Berpa, sa a ro npensexa1. Brn pe-
erapona1a xponnka ce kasna, ne npes 631 632 r. (kora1o Kynpa1 ns-
ronn aapn1e o1 Brrapnx) n rpxana1a na aapn1e n Hanonnx enn
rrapnn n enn aapnn ce ckapan sa npec1oonacene1o n np.
He1nrp1nx1 Kynpa1on cnn n noe ynpanenne1o na 1esn
rrapn.
Ha mr 1asn rpxana e oexaa n Coyn, koe1o ce nnxa o1
Teoan, ko1o nnme, ne mox Kc1nnnan II npes 685 r. nacen
ama cn Horona1, 1o nenara no1ern na nona npo1nn Cka-
nnnnx n Brrapnx, o1rcna nsesn1e xy nacpema rrapn n
c1nrna o Coyn.
Brrapn1e oane pasnn nnsan1nnn1e, 1a cnacnn1e ce n
ox nsxran npes apanen1e n Asnx.
O1 1ona cnne1ec1no ce nnxa, ne rrapn1e no npexe1o na
Acnapyx ca nacexnan n sexx1a xexy Hapnrpa n Coyn.
H 1ona 1pxname a ce pasnpa o1 caxo cee cn, samo1o cno-
pe Teoan C1apa Brrapnx e onnpaa o Bocopa n samo1o ne
caxo Teoan, no n ncnnkn pyrn c1apn nnca1en cnne1ec1na1,
ne Tpaknx, Makeonnx, n oc1anaa Hnpnx ca nn nacexnann
caxo o1 rrapn.
Brrapn1e nnponex no npexe1o na Acnapyx nacexnan se-
xx1a o1 Iopna Hanonnx o Kapna1n1e, Hepno, Erecko n Honn-
necko xope.
71
Hnnnna1opn1e sa crsanane1o na xoepna1a rrapcka rp-
xana xxa xynckn1e nexena xynyrypn1e, nn xynorynypn1e n ca-
nnpn1e, kon1o Hpnck n Hopan o1exsna1, ka1o c1apn ako1pa-
knnn. Te xxa nokopenn o1 aapn1e. Te ce nnrnaxa npo1nn aa-
pn1e n rn nsnrnxa o1 rrapckn1e sexn. Teoan n Hnknop nn-
ma1, ne 1e ocnonan rrapcka1a rpxana, ka1o crennnn xynn,
nn xynorynypn, c rrapn. A Teoan kasna ome, ne Kpona1 c1a-
na rocnoap na xynorynypn, rrapn n ko1parn.
Ho npexe1o na Kpona1onn1e cnnone Teoan n Hnknop nape-
koxa 1esn xynn canxnn. ocera ce kasname, ne rrapn n xynn ce
nn crennnn nn crmsnn, cera ce kasna, ne rrapn1e nn n
crms crc ceex1e canxnckn nexena. Kon ca 1esn canxnn? To-
na nnxaxe o1 paskasn1e na Teoan n Hnknop, kon1o kasna1, ne
o1 1esn canxnckn nexena cenepn1e nn noc1anenn krx ns1ok.
Xynckn1e cannpn, pyrapn1e na ynyrypn1e nn xynorynypn1e, na-
neo na kon1o ce nnrna Kynpa1, ca oosnanenn 1yk ka1o canxnn,
n ce kasna, ne rrapn1e nn n crms crc canxnn nxec1o c xynn,
kak1o ce kasname ocera. Canxnn1e o1 aknx ce crmsnn c r-
rapn1e na mr o1 ynan n crsan ena roxxa rpxana.
Ako ce crn no c1apn nxena na pekn n xec1a n aknx, ka1o
Hema, Hepna, Hpeea (Hpex) n np., 1pxna a sakmnnx, ne
aknckn1e canxnn ca ronopnn ns1onnorrapckn nn 1pa-
knckn, samo1o snykone1e n, m, x, ca ns1onnorrapckn nn 1pa-
knckn snykone. Ome C1paon (I n.) kasa nenrx, ne aknnn1e n
1paknnn1e ronopx1 enn n crmn esnk.
B. 3a1apckn n 1yk e oc1ana noceona1een na cee cn. To
nnme, ne n Teoan, n Hnknop xy pasnpanxn, kak Acnapyx (ns-
nsakn o1 eno o1 oc1ponne1a1a n yc1ne1o na ynan) no nr1x cn
npes opyxa ,1pxnao a cn nponna nr1 npes sanse1n1e o1
canxnn1e sexn, c pyrn yxn, cera xy npc1oxa opa nene ne
c nnsan1nnn, a crc canxnn.
Onennna nenxpnoc1, samo1o Acnapyx nsese o1 sexx1a na
an1n1e, a mxno o1 an1n1e n opyxa n Mnsnx cnope Hpokon
xnneexa xynn, a cnope Hopan rrapn, 1r ne Acnapyx n cy-
nax ne cn e nponna nr1, a e nsxra npn crnaponnnn1e cn xy-
nn nn rrapn. A ne Mnsnx npen Acnapyx ce e napnnaa Br-
rapnx, 1ona 3a1apckn ce npann, ne ne snae, 1a nnme nennannn.
Ce 1ona 1osn ,ynen nporxana:
,H naxa1a namn an1opn kasna1, ne rrapn1e, ce ka1o ce
nac1annn n c1pana1a xexy ynan, C1apa nannna n Hepno xo-
pe, nonnan a rocnoapc1na1 na sanapenn1e 1yk canxnckn
72
nexena, o1 kon1o eno cenepn1e npecenn. na ns1ok n np.
H 1ona e nsxncnna, kox1o ce npnnncna na Teoan n Hnkn-
op, samo1o 1esn an1opn ne kasna1, ne rrapn1e sanonnan a
,rocnoapc1na1 1yk na canxnn, a kasna1, ne rrapn1e (n Mn-
snx) ca nn n crms crc crcenn1e canxnn. 3a1apckn nsonana-
na Teoan c nenepnnx cn npeno, ne rrapn1e rocnoapc1nan n
Mnsnx na canxnn!
7. Byauan n nonnxnnxa
a) Anmpono:oeuueckume okasame:cmea sa mypuus+a na
6z:eapume.
Ce ka1o noosn1e ,okasaxa, ne omn1e o1 canxncka
Bora rrapn nn 1ypnn, ne canxncka1a 1n1a ,krnesi, nn
,krniasi, e 1ypcka 1n1a, ne nxe1o rrapn e 1ypcka yxa, kox-
1o snann yaxan, e1o, ne ce xnxna1 n an1ponoosn1e, kon1o ,o-
kasaxa, ne rrapn1e cnaa1 an1ponoornneckn krx xonrocka-
1a paca. Tona nanpann rrapcknx1 an1ponoor ponnnon.
rxen crx 1yk a o1eexa, ne ce ka1o ,xan Acnapyx, kak1o
ca ,okasan ynenn xopa ka1o B. 3a1apckn, nsxra o1 asna1c-
kn1e nyc1nnn, ce n sacen na eno o1 oc1ponne1a1a n yc1ne1o
na ynan. Honexe neprapckn1e xynn, kon1o 1o e npenoxa, ca
nn cko1onrnn, opa1a xy ce e crc1oxa na-xnoro o1 c1o y-
mn c xenn n ena, 1r ka1o nonene xopa ne ca xorn a xnnex1
na eno ynancko oc1ponne. 3a1ona ce kasna, ne 1esn xynn ce n-
n nsrynn n xnoroponn1e canxnn. Ena 1akana xaka opa,
axe ako n ce crc1oxa o1 xnxa ymn, ne e xora a okaxe nn-
kakno an1ponoornnecko nnxnne nrpxy 50 xnxn nr1n no-xno-
roponn1e sanapenn canxnn. Ako nxko an1ponoor, nrnpekn
1ona, ncka a yc1anonn an nxa xonrocko an1ponoornnecko
nnxnne y nemnn1e rrapn, 1o 1pxna a nscena caxo ona-
sn oac1, kre1o ca xnneen 1esn ,xonrockn xynn, npenxno
Hpecan. A 1rkxo npecannann nn ana1 na-yen1ena1a apry-
xen1annx npo1nn 1asn xnnxa xonrocka cxecnna. B nnko kr1
na rrapcko1o o1enec1no ne ce e sanasn 1nnr1 na c1apn1e re1n
canxnn, kak1o nxenno n Hpecan. As xnnax nenrx npes
Hpecan n oc1anax nopasen o1 reka1a. Xopa npenxno pycn, c
npannnn nep1n na nne1o n 1xo1o, can n nncokn, ne mnpo-
konemec1n, kpacnnn xopa. Bnxx n okonoc11a n pycn 1ypnn, ko-
n1o crncex ne npec1anxnaxa nxkakrn cn xonrockn 1nn, koe1o
ce rxn na 1ona, ne 1ypnn1e ca nsnxan rrapkn sa xenn.
73
okoko1o npn saxnnanane1o cn xoxax a nnx myxennn, 1e
xn ce nnxxa no-nepnnnkn o1 npecannn, no c npannnn nep1n,
kak1o npecannn1e, kpacnnn xopa, kon1o crmo nanoxnx1 1nna na
c1apn1e re1n. Ko1o 1rpcn Acnapyxonn1e rrapn, 1o 1pxna a
nscena caxo 1esn oac1n, samo1o caxo 1yk e c1anaa xnnxa-
1a cxecnna.
Kakno npanx1 oane an1ponoosn1e? Bxec1o a ce orpann-
na1 n kasann1e oac1n, 1e 1prrnan no nxa Brrapnx, kre1o
ne e c1anaa nnkakna cxecnna, a 1rpcx1 nenopxann 1nnone n
no 1ox nannn a crepa1 okasa1ec1na sa 1esa1a, ne ,npo1or-
rapn1e nn asna1nn. Ako nxa nxkakna asna1mnna n nemnn1e
rrapn, 1x me nponsnsa o1 nemnn1e 1ypnn.
Enn xa, no nsnrnpeno ak1nnen an1ponoor n Bepnn,
nexen, nn1epecynakn ce n sa an1ponoornnecknx 1nn na rra-
pn1e, xn nokasa nenrx o1orpann o1 rrapn, cnnxann na
npnc1annme1o n Hox; o1npa1n1enn 1nnone, kon1o onpanana1
1esa1a, ne rrapn1e ca cponn an1ponoornneckn c anc1panc-
kn1e nnann. ,Kak1o nnxa1e, r-n Henon, xn kasa xox1 npnx1e,
rrapn1e ne xora1 a npnnaexa1 krx cenepna1a paca.
Hosaxncnx ce. Hosnanax xnoro oxnann. Xnnx crx mec1
xecena n Hox, no 1aknna 1nnone ne crx nnxa. Hoxnann ca ka-
1o ncnnkn rrapn. Hxa pycn n nepnn xopa, no n nepnn1e nxa1
npnnnna enponecka nsnonoxnx, a ne onennno nnrancka n
asna1cka, kak1o ce nnxame o1 o1orpann1e. Ce 1ona cn
cnoxnnx nscenannx1a na namn1e ynenn. Hopan Hnanon, nan-
pnxep kasna, ne cxecnna1a xexy ,nparrapn n canxnn na
c1anaa xexy ynan n Bakana n ne oc1anaa Brrapnx na
cao sacerna1a o1 nparrapcka kprn. Cnope B. 3a1apckn xy-
no-rrapn1e nn c1nrnan o Bpanancknx akan, 1r ne Hox-
cko n Bnnncko ne ca nn okynnpann o1 xonrockn xynn, ne ca
nn sacerna1n o1 xonrocka kprn, sa a nxaxe npano a 1rpcnx
y 1xx xonronn. O1kre 1orana 1osn nnranckn 1nn? 3araka1a
ckopo ce paspemn. B Brrapnx nxa nxkoko nna nnrann.
1. ymnnn nnrann, kon1o ronopx1 nnranckn. Te ca ckn1nn-
nn, kon1o xnnex1 o1 rpaex na okonoc11a, n kox1o ca ce cnpen.
2. Brrapckn nnrann. Te ronopx1 rrapckn, ne snax1 nn y-
xa nnranckn. Xpnc1nxnn ca n ce onna1 ka1o rrapn1e o1 ce-
o1o, n koe1o xnnex1. Hxxa1 sexx. He npn1exana1 nennxnx
nxo1 n xnnex1 o1 apra1rk npn rrapckn1e cexnn. C 1py cn
nskapna1 npexpana1a. 3nxno npexe ce sannxana1 c xysnkan1c1-
no. O1 1osn po nnrann nxa xnoro n Pyxrnnx n Maxapcko.
74
3. Typckn nnrann. Te ronopx1 nnranckn n ca xoxaxeann, sa-
1ona rn napnna1 1ypckn nnrann. Te xra1 o1 sexeecka1a pao-
1a. Hnkora nooen nnrannn ne e nnxn a pao1n na nxkox nn-
na, ose n np. B cea1a 1e xnnex1 o1 npocnx n pena 1rpronnx.
Hnrankn1e onacx1 o1 rpaa nrn, nprc1enne1a, rpnnnn, oenn n
np. Ho1pen sa cexnka1a, kon1o ce cxenx1 cpemy pamno n py-
rn xpann1enn npoyk1n, kak1o n npexe1n sa oeko. C npexe-
1o 1esn nnrann ce crcpeo1onnxa ranno n 1rpronckn1e rpaone.
Ocnen penn sannxannx, ka1o komnnnapc1no, npanene na npe1e-
na, rpnenn rxnnn n p. Hoonn, ranno1o nx sannxanne n
rpaa e xaxac1no1o. B npnc1annmnn1e rpaone, ka1o Bnnn,
Hox n np., pao1nnnn1e, kon1o 1onapx1 n pas1onapna1 c1okn1e
na n o1 napaxon1e, ca caxo nnrann. Kora1o c1nrne nonek n nx-
ko o1 1esn rpaone, nrpnn1e xopa, kon1o ro nocpema1, ca nnra-
nn1e, kon1o cn npeara1 ycyrn1e a xy o1neca1 araxa. Hnra-
nn1e npec1anxna1 rrapnsxa npe nyxennn1e, axe n n Co-
nx. oe n nonek n Brrapnx, 1o nnxa na-nanpe nnrann.
Ho-npen 1e pxsko ce o1nnanaxa o1 rrapn1e, samo1o nocexa
1ypcka nocnx c ec na rana1a. Cera 1e nocx1 crmo1o oeko ka-
1o rrapckn1e rpaxann n ocnen 1ona ronopx1 ope rrap-
ckn, 1a ko1o ne nosnana nnrancknx 1nn, rn cnn1a sa rrapn. Te-
sn nnranckn ,rrapn, onaknakn nxkakrn akmnm (noaprk) o1
npnc1nrnanx nr1nnk, oknpa1 nceknro crc cnon1e npocnn. Te-
sn ,rrapn e o1orpanpa repxanenr1 n Hox. H a nxa nx-
kakna asna1mnna n nemnn1e rrapn, 1x nponsnsa o1 nemnn-
1e 1ypnn.
Iepxannn1e, kak1o n pyrn1e sananoenponenn, ca naoc1pe-
nn o1 rrapckn1e nac1n a 1rpcx1 ,nc1nnckn1e rrapn. B
ynr1nane1o sa nyxn1e noce1n1en na Brrapnx, koe1o npeknn-
x1a na rpxannn1e xeesnnnn e nsaa na nexckn, na-nanpe ce
oxcnxna na nyxennn1e, ne rrapn1e ca o1 1ypanckn nponsxo.
O1kre xeesnnnapn1e snax1 1ona, ne xn e xcno, no ak1 e, ne 1e
ca cnen sa nyxno a pasnpanx1 1ona na-nanpe na nyxennn1e.
Hxxa rrapnn, kakna1o n a e nerona1a cnennanoc1, ko1o e
nsnacx oka n Bepnn, a ne ro e sanonna c 1ona, ne rra-
pn1e ca o1 1ypanckn nponsxo. He na xopa1a e oxprsnao nene a
cyma1 1ona, rrapn1e ne ro nync1na1. omr pencknx1 rp-
xannnk Epno n Brrapnx. Hrpno1o nemo, koe1o rrapcka1a
nnoxannx cnea sa nyxno a xy oxcnn, e, ne rrapn1e ca o1
1ypanckn nponsxo, nne1o crmnncko o1enec1no e sexx1a xexy
ynan n Bakana.
75
Hac1poenn no 1osn nannn o1 rrapckn1e nac1n n ynenn, sa-
nanoenponeckn1e an1ponoosn cn noc1annxa sa ne a nsnpx1
,nc1nnckn1e rrapn n c noxom1a na rrapckn1e an1ponoo-
sn rn o1kpnxa n nne1o na nnrann1e. O1 nnrancka paca ca nn
onesn, kon1o ca ocnonan rrapcka1a rpxana.
As xox xon1e nn1a1en a ne oprma1 nnnxanne na 1esn
an1ponoosn. Onsn, ko1o 1rpcn Acnapyxonn1e ,npo1orrapn,
1o 1pxna a o1ne n Byxencko n Bapnencko, a ne n Hox, kre-
1o nnkora ne e nxao ,npo1orrapn.
Onx, ko1o ncka a yc1anonn an1ponoornnecknx 1nn na r-
rapnna, 1o 1pxna a o1ne n rrapcko1o ceo, n 1o n nnc1o
rrapcko1o, koe1o ne e nxao crnpnkocnonenne c nyxn eexen-
1n, a ne n npenrnenn1e c pyrn naponoc1n (nnrann, enpen, 1yp-
nn, apxennn n np.) rpaone. Bcnnko pyro e necepnosna pao1a.
6) Cynep ky:mypama na ,npomo6z:eapume.
Cnope nnnn1e npec1ann1en na rrapcka1a nayka 1esn
npo1orrapn o1 nnrancka paca nn naxyn na mr o1 ynan sa
rpaex n pasopxnane. Cnope Boran non xynn1e nn naxy-
n n Conx n pasopnn Concka1a nrpkna. Cnope B. 3a1ap-
ckn, ko1o nnka na noxom n Hopan Hnanon, rrapn, anapn n
canxnn nn naxyn n Hnpnx (Makeonnx) n nn ynnmoxn-
n apxnennckonnx1a Hrpna Kc1nnnana. Hpo1orrapn1e snann
ca nn oaann o1 xannx1a na pasopenne1o. Kora1o naxyna-
n nrn Bnsan1ncka1a nxnepnx, 1e o1pxsnan rann1e na xopa1a,
sa a cn npanx1 namn o1 nepenn1e nx. Te c1nran axe o Mpa-
xopno xope, no caxo a cn nsxnx1 kpaka1a, no xoxaxeanckn
onna. Tona snaexxe nne o1 onesn, kon1o kasna1, ne ncnnko sna-
x1. Ho e1o, ne ce xnxna eno nona 1eopnx: npo1orrapn1e ne ca
nn nnann, a enn cynepky1ypen napo. Tona ce nnxa o1
nanpanenn1e o1 1xx noc1pokn n Aoa n Hncka. H 1ona e ns-
xncnna, samo1o noconenn1e naxe1nnnn ca c1poenn o1 rra-
pn1e ome n IV nek no nnnnna1nna na Konc1an1nn Benkn. O1kr-
e nonnkaxa 1esn neprapn apxn1ek1n sa koocann1e cn noc1po-
kn? Asna1cko n, nn enponecko nskyc1no nspasxna1 1esn noc-
1pokn. O1kre nsexaxa noyron1e nnann, kaknn1o 1e ca nn
cnope 3a1apckn, cpec1na1a sa 1esn roexn noc1pokn c ns-
1rnnen nkyc?
Hakpa1ko me kaxa, ne nn1o an1ponoosn1e, nn1o connoosn-
1e xoxaxa a onpanax1 xnnxnx yaxan. Byaxan nxa, no ne
an1ponoornneckn, a n nonx1nx1a na nxkon xopa.
76
Makap ne 1yk cnrpmnaxe nrpna1a knnra na nama1a pao1a,
ome ne nckaxe a kaxex nocena1a yxa sa ,nayka1a na B.
3a1apckn, samo1o 1x nxa ome xnoro a nn sannxana. Tyk oane
neka caxo ns1rknex, ne 3a1apckn cnc1exno e amnnnnpa
rrapcka1a nc1opnx. Ipemkn xoxe a npann ncekn, no nne 1yk
nxaxe pao1a crc cnc1exa na amnnkannx. Kak e xorr 3a-
1apckn a kaxe, ne Acnapyx nokopn canxnn n Mnsnx, kora1o
Mnsnx o1 IV nek nacax ce e napnnaa Brrapnx?
77
KHHIA II
HOKPTCTBAHETO HA BTHIAPHTE
IHABA I
XPHCTHBHCTBOTO HA TPAKOHHHPHHHHTE
1. Ann n Axanacnn
B nrpna1a knnra nsoxnxxe, ne rrapn1e ca c1apn 1pakon-
npnnn, n ka1o 1aknna, 1e ca, pasnpa ce, n c1apn xpnc1nxnn, no
nonexe ce kasna, ne oneenn1e o1 ,xan Acnapyx rrapn nn
nokprc1enn o1 ,xan Bopnc, sa a pasepex nc1nna1a, neka xnrp-
nx npenapn1eno enn crncex kpa1rk nore nrpxy xpnc1nxn-
c1no1o na 1pakonnpnnn1e.
Hrpnnx1 xpnc1nxnckn ynn1e na 1pakonnpnnn1e e anoc1o
Hane. Hpecenan n ponna1a cn o1 enpen1e, 1o omr c yne-
nnka cn Tnxo1e n Tpox, na asna1cknx pxr na apanen1e. Tyk
1o nxa npes nom1a nnenne. Enn xakeonen c1ox npe nero
n ro nokann a oe n Makeonnx. Cnn1akn 1ona sa Boxne
ykasanne, Hane n Tnxo1e ce o1npannn sa Caxo1pakn n o11ax
sa nnnn (npn Kanaa), nrpnnx1 xakeonckn rpa (exnnx
16:10 n 11). Ce 1ona saxnnan sa Coyn n o11ax sa A1nna.
Hrpnn1e enponeckn xpnc1nxnn ca nnponex xakeonnn1e.
Bxec1o xakeonnn o1cera-na1a1rk onknoneno ce kasna ckn1n.
Xpnc1nxnc1no1o nsnsame o1 npnnnnna, ne xopa1a nxa1 e-
no nanao, nopan koe1o n 1pxnao a ce cnn1a1 sa pa1x.
Hpe Bora ncnnkn ca pannn noxexy cn. Tosn npnnnnn rrpnn1e,
kak1o ce nnxa, ne ca nckan a npnexa1, 1a Hane ce npnnyn
a nannme na koocxnn1e:* ,Tyk nxxa rprk, meen. ckn1, cyra,
cnooen, a caxo ennc1nen Xpnc1oc, 1.e., ne ka1o xpnc1nxnn
ncnnkn ca pannn noxexy cn.
Tosn ak1 nokasna, ne nrpkonnn1e npennpnn xexy ckn1n1e
nn rrapn1e n rrpnn1e sanonna1 ome o1 nrpnn1e nn na xpnc-
1nxnc1no1o.
Hac1anan1e kapannnn xexy o1enn1e nrpkonnn non1en
1okona xnoro o1canxa Xpnc1ona1a nrpkna, ne ako ne e ce na-
78
___________
* Hocanne na anoc1o Hane o koocxnn1e 3:11 B.a.
xecn nxnepa1op Konc1an1nn, 1x ena n n ce sarpxaa n ako
ce e sarpxaa, 1x ena n n nrpaa onasn pox, kox1o nrpa n
nrpae n xnno1a na napon1e. Konc1an1nn, xakap ne cax ome ne e
npne xpnc1nxnc1no1o, cnnka npes 325 r. nceenckn crop n Hn-
kex, sa a yc1anonn ena oma orxa na xpnc1nxncka1a nxpa.
Cnop 1orana ce noeme ranno xexy aekcanpncknx cne-
mennk Apn n aekcanpncknx nanka Aekcanrp, ko1o ce
nonoxarame o1 xkona cn A1anacn.
Apn ynn, ne Xpnc1oc e cr1nopen sa cynax n ne e no npe-
xe, kora1o To ne e n. Aekcanrp oane n ocoeno neronnx1
aponn1 xkon n o1nnen opa1op A1anacn ynnn, ne Xpnc1oc e
panen nrn ncxko o1nomenne na Bora-O1en n sa1ona e omr o1
nennoc11a, 1.e. ne e npexenno crsanne. Mnosnnc1no1o na crpa-
nne1o npneo 1ox nrsre; Apn n ocren.
Ocnen 1esn ne nap1nn nxao n ena 1pe1a nap1nx, naneo
na kox1o c1oen Encenn Hesapeckn, Encenn Hnkoxnnckn,
Teornnc Hnkeckn, Mapnc Xakeonckn n p. Te, onnpakn ce na
Cnemeno1o Hncanne, crmo 1aka o1xnrpxn ynenne1o na Apn,
no ne nckan a ncky1npa1 nrpxy crmnoc11a na Xpnc1a, samo-
1o 1ona no nsnrn nonemkn1e cnoconoc1n. Txxno1o nepym n-
o ceno1o:
,Hne nxpnaxe n ennnx Bor, ncexorrmnx ama, crsa1ex na
nnnxn1e n nennnxn1e nema, n n ennnx Hcyc Xpnc1oc, Boxa-
1a yxa, Bor o1 Bor, cne1nna o1 cne1nna, xnno1 o1 xnno1,
ennc1nennx1 poen cnn, poen npen ncnnkn crsannx, ko1o e
poen o1 O1na npen ncnnkn npexena.*
Tona e no nrpnonanano n ynenne1o na A1anacn.**
Ako 1esn nannn, a ocoeno Encenn Hnkoxnnckn ca
oosnananann ka1o apnannn, 1o e no o1 nap1nsancka nenannc1
n o1 non1nneckn cropaxennx. Encenn Hnkoxnnckn e npo-
nsxoxa o1 Konc1an1nnona1a axnnx. To c1ana nanka na
Hnkoxenx, 1oranamnnx1 ranen rpa na Hs1onna1a pnxcka nx-
nepnx, no npenoprka na Konc1an1nnona1a cec1pa, xena1a na Hn-
nnnn. Konc1an1nn n Hnnnnn c1anaxa oane kprnnn nenpnx1e-
n o1nocno caxorpxanne1o. Konc1an1nn ynnmoxn se1 cn Hn-
nnnn n c1ana ennc1nen nonen1e na omnpna1a Pnxcka nx-
nepnx. Honexe noosnpame, ne Encenn e c Hnnnnnena1a nap1nx,
1o ro nsnpa1n na sa1onenne. 3a1ona, a ne sapan orxa1nneckn
pasnnnx e sa1onen Encenn. Ce kpa1ko npexe oane Konc1an-
79
___________
* Teoope1 1, 12 B.a.
** Teoope1 1, 8 B.a.
1nn ce npnxnpn c Encenn n axe npne xpnc1nxnc1no1o o1 nero.
Honexe rrpnn1e ne xoxexa a nsneca1 ak1nneckn okasa-
1ec1na sa nerono1o apnanc1no, 1e kasnaxa, ne 1o ncrmnoc1 n
apnanen, no ce npec1pyna, ne ne e. 3amo e no neoxonxo a
ce npec1pyna?
2. Vqna
Ce ka1o Xpnc1ona1a nrpkna ce sakpenn no 1osn nannn,
Konc1an1nn, ko1o e poen n Hnm xnsnen, ce norpnxn a ce
nrsc1anonx1 nrpknn1e, paspymenn no npexe1o na nona1a c Hn-
nnnn n Hnpnx (3anana Brrapnx), kak1o n a ce noc1pox1 no-
nn. C rpnxa1a sa 1ona 1o na1onapn cnox ponnna Encenn Hn-
koxnnckn, ko1o noce noynn xn1ponon1cknx c1o n nono-
noc1poennx Pnx nn Hapnrpa
74)
.
3a ckn1n1e nn re1n1e (ro1n1e) n ona Mnsnx n Maka Ckn-
1nx, nnx1o noenna noxom xy ae nrsxoxnoc1 a crsae caxo-
rpxanne1o cn n a noc1pon Hapnrpa, Konc1an1nn o1 aro-
apnoc1 noc1pon n sexx1a nx rpaone1e Hpecan, Hncka, Kon-
c1anna n Cnnc1pa
75)
, n nx ae ocoena an1onoxnx, 1r ne 1e
o1cera ce cnn1axa sa eepa1n, crmsnnnn.
3a a ce sakpenn n pasnpoc1pann xpnc1nxnc1no1o, nyxnn x-
xa knnrn, o1 kon1o a ce nepnn snanne sa nero, n no kon1o a ce
nsnrpmna xpnc1nxncka1a cyxa, sa1ona Konc1an1nn nnca na En-
cenn Hesapnckn nn Haxnckn a noc1ann ope ynpaxne-
nn kpacnonncnn a npennma1 na xyano noro1nen nepraxen1
ne1ece1 ecnone1nxn n npenasnanenn sa yno1pea nonrpsann
eksexnxpn o1 onesn xon1nennnn sa orocyxenne1o n sa ne1e-
ne1o, kon1o 1o naxepn sa ope
76)
.
B 1ona npexe poennx1 n ona Mnsnx Vna nsnaxepn
ocoenn nncxena n npenee Cn. Hncanne sa ckn1n1e, kon1o c1a-
pn1e napnnaxa re1n, a ceramnn1e (IV nek) napnna1 ro1n
77)
.
Honexe ckn1n1e, kon1o n c1apo npexe ce exxa na akn n re-
1n, a n cpenn1e nekone na ro1n n xynn, nec ce kasna1 rra-
pn, o1 1ona nsnsa, ne Vna e nsnaxepn nncxena, n e npene
Cn. Hncanne sa rrapn. Tona nne napnnaxe ocoeno n sa1ona,
samo1o na-nanpe ro1cknx1 x o1 ckn1n1e ce napene rrapn.
Ocnen 1ona Mnsnx, kre1o Vna eme nanka, ce kasname no
Vnono npexe Brrapnx. B Brrapnx ceona1eno e ec1na
Vna. Cnnc1pencknx1 nanka Ankcen1n e n Vnon yne-
nnk: Vna ro e o1rea n nrsnn1a o1 e1e. Crmo n Apnapc-
80
knx1 nanka Haan e n neron ynennk, a pyrn1e 1paknckn
n nnpnckn nannn ca nn neronn noceona1en.
Brpxy 1osn nrnpoc nne 1yk ne xoxex a ce npoc1npaxe, no
nonexe nama1a 1esa npann censannx, neka sa oma opnen1npon-
ka a kaxex caxo nxkoko yxn.
Cnope noc1oprn (368 430 r.) Vna e n no npons-
xo kanaoknen. Ho npexe1o na Ianen (260 268 r.) ckn1n1e
naxyn n Tpaknx, Makeonnx, Axax n np. n ce 1ona npexnna-
n n Asnx n naxyn n Kanaoknx. Ce nsnec1no npexe nanyc-
nan Kanaoknx, ka1o onen crc cee cn sapoenn kanaokn-
nn, xexy kon1o ce naxnpan n npapon1en1e na Vna, n ce
nrpnan n Mnsnx, kre1o saen Anxnao n Hnkono na p. Zn1pa
,no nemno Trpnono. Tyk e n poen okoo 310 r. Vna. Io-
1n1e nn ckn1n1e no 1ona npexe ca nn xpnc1nxnn, samo1o V-
na e n ynennk na ro1cknx nanka Teon, ko1o e nse ynac-
1ne n Hnkecknx crop n e n nonnca nse1o1o 1ax pemenne
78)
.
o 1pnece1ronmna1a cn nrspac1 e n ynn1e n e nnca ne ca-
xo na ro1ckn, no n na a1nnckn n rprnkn. Hacrpnen o1 nxnepa-
1op Konc1an1nn, ko1o, kak1o noconnxxe, ce rpnxeme sa cnon1e
crnexennnnn, 1o nsnaxepn npnrona sa ckn1cknx esnk asyka
n npenee Cn. Hncanne sa xn1en1e na Ie1nx, 1.e. Mnsnx. Enpec-
kn1e yknn n raronna1a nokasna1, ne Vna n 1asn enoc1 e
n nonoxaran o1 Encenn Hesapnckn. noc1oprn nnme, ne
nxnepa1op Konc1an1nn nsnrnpeno xnoro nonn1a Vna,
onna nerono1o epe1nnecko ynenne n neronn1e nncannx.
3amo ce napnna ynenne1o xy epe1nnecko, kora1o ynn1ex1 xy
Teon e nonnca pemenne1o na Hnkecknx crop? 3amo1o
1o ec1name ka1o 1paknen n samo1o e nocne1en n 341 r. o1 En-
cenn Hnkoxnnckn, no 1ona npexe napnrpackn na1pnapx, sa-
eno c pyrn1e nannn, kon1o rpxaxa c nero sa 1ona, a nxa
ennckon na xpnc1nxnn1e n Ie1nx
79)
, a 1e ce cnn1axa o1 rrpnn1e sa
epe1nnn. 3amo a ca epe1nnn?
Ha Hnkecknx crop nap1nx1a na A1anacn oxnn sa epe1n-
nn onesn, kon1o kasna1: ,Hxao e npexe, kora1o 1o (Xpnc1oc) ne
e n n npen a re poen, 1o ne e n
80)
, koe1o n Encennen-
nn1e o1xnrpxxa, kak1o noconnxxe no-npen. Tyk nxaxe no-cko-
po opa xexy naponoc1n, o1koko1o opa xexy orxn. Ce-
ra sanonnaxa eskonennn pasnpannn xexy 1pakonnpnckn1e
nannn, o1 ena c1pana, n rprnkn1e n pnxckn1e, o1 pyra.
Ha cropa n Pnxnnn xxa oxnenn sa apnannn n sa1ona ocr-
enn: Baenc Mypsenckn, Vpsakn Cnnrnynckn (Berpackn) n
81
p. Hxnepa1op Konc1annn ne no1nrpn 1ona pemenne. Torana
nenone1e o1 cropa ome nenrx ce crpan n Hnne (Vc1onno)
n Tpaknx n npokapan renme1o na Encennennn1e, koe1o crn-
nanao o1nocno Xpnc1a c 1ona na Hnkecka1a orxa, caxo ne
ce npec1ana a ce ronopn sa crmnoc11a (n1ne1o) na Xpnc1a, no-
nexe 1ona ne no nrsxoxno a ce pasepe o1 npoc1ocxrp1nn-
1e, a caxo crsanao rpko1nx. Ha cropa n Hnne e c1anao y-
xa n sa Cne1nx yx.
Encenn Hesapnckn nnca nenrx npo1nn Mapne Anknpckn
xexy pyro1o, ne cna1a na Cn. yx ce npeana npes Cnna na
oc1onn1e
81)
. Tosn nrsre ce non1opn n o1 cropa n Hnne, ka1o
ce kasa:
,Hne nxpnaxe n Cn. yx, koro1o ennopoennx1 Boxn Cnn
Hcyc Xpnc1oc, Bor n Iocno (Iocnoap), e oema a nsnpa1n na
nonemknx po.
82)
Hana axas (366 384 r.) oane ne e crracen c noc1nr-
na1o1o n Hnne crracne n nannca nncxo o nnpnckn1e na-
nnn a rn ynemana a ra1 c nero. Kpn1nkynakn apnannsxa,
1o nx nanoxnx, ne o1nn1e n Hnkex nn noc1anonnn, ne
O1en n Cnn nxa1 ena crmnoc1, ena oxec1nenoc1, eno cr-
nrpmenc1no, ena cna, enn xapak1ep. Crma1a xnnoc1asnx
(crmnoc1) nxa n Cn. yx,
83)
, a ko npeana Cn. yx na nxpnamn-
1e, ne kasa.
3amo e nyxno nanoxnxne1o na 1esn nema, kon1o nnko ne
ocnopname?
3. C+o+x n Aknnen n neymxo na Vqna
Mnnxo1o apnanc1no na 1paknckn1e nannn o1nono e noc-
1aneno sa pasrexane na cropa n Aknnex npes 381 r.
Bon1e na 1pakonnpnnn1e na 1osn crop eme Haan
Apnapckn, ko1o o1xnrpn ncnnkn onnnennx. Benrx 1o kasa:
,Ako nne nsnonxaxe 1ona, koe1o Cnnr1 kasa: ncnnko, koe1o npa-
nn ama1a, 1ona no crmnx nannn npann n cnnr1, kak xoxe a ce
1nrpn, ne nne cxe kasnan, ne 1o ce pasnnana o1 O1na? A ko-
ra1o xy ce nrspasno, ne Apn kasna 1ona, 1o o1ronopn: ,Hn-
1o crx nnxa Apn, nn1o snax ko e.
84)
Tpaknckn1e nannn ne xxa apnann, oane xexy 1xx n
rprnkn1e ce crsae cera eno nskyc1neno pasnnne o1nocno Cn.
Tponna. Te rpxaxa na renme1o, ne yx Cne1n nsnsa o1 O1na,
no ce npeana npes Cnna.
82
Vnonnx1 ynennk, opoc1ocknx1 nanka Ankcen1n,
opxynpa na cropa n Aknnex o1nomenne1o na Cn. yx krx
O1na n Cnna no cennx nannn:
,Ho n Cn. yx ne e nn1o O1en, nn1o Cnn, a e crsaen o1 O1-
na npes Cnna npen nceena1a.
Honexe n Aknnex ne xoxaxa a ce pasepa1, rrpnn1e cnnka-
xa pyr crop n Hapnrpa (381 382 r.), kre1o ce o1npannxa n
1paknckn1e nannn no non1ec1no1o na Vna, no ne xxa
onycna1n na cropa. Irpnn1e no ncxka nepox1noc1, ca ce c1pa-
xynan, ne me ce opasyna xnosnnc1no npo1nn 1xx. Tyk nonnna
Vna. Hpenync1nakn cxrp11a cn, 1o sanema cnoe1o nepym,
n koe1o o1nocno Cn. yx ce kasna:
,(Bxpnax). ne e enn Cn. yx, ocne1xnama1a cnemena cna,
kak1o Xpnc1oc kasa ce Brskpecenne1o cn na cnon1e anoc1on:
,E1o, As nn npamax oemano1o o1 O1na. Bne oane c1o1e n rpa-
a Hepycanx, oka1o noynn1e cna1a o1rope. Crmo: ,Hpne-
xe1e oma1a o1rope cna na Cn. yx, ko1o nn1o e Bor (O1en),
nn1o Iocno (Xpnc1oc), a e noxomnnk na Xpnc1a, nonnnen n
nocymen nrn ncxko o1nomenne na Cnna, a Cnnr1 nrk e nrn ncnn-
ko nonnnen n nocymen na Bora-O1na*.
Tr cxnamaxa o1nomenne1o na Cn. yx krx O1na n Cnna
nannn1e na Hnkono na p. Zn1pa, na Cnnc1pa, na Apnap, na
Berpa, na Mypsa, 1.e. 1esn na Mnsnx n ona Hanonnx, nnn1o
xn1en o1 ne1nrp1n nek nacax ce napnnaxa rrapn. Crmo1o
cxnamane cnoexxa n nannn1e na Hnpnx n Tpaknx 1esn na
Conx, Honnn, Hnne, Bepex n np., nnn1o xn1en, kak1o nso-
xnxxe n nrpna1a knnra, ce napnna1 1y xynn, 1y rrapn. C ena
yxa, 1ona e nepym1o na rrapcka1a nrpkna.
Irpnn1e oane na Hapnrpacknx cn crop npes 381 382 r.
opxynpaxa pyro nepym. Te sanasnxa opxya1a na Hnkecknx
crop o1nocno Xpnc1a, ka1o npnannxa ceno1o sa Cn. yx:
,Bxpnax n n Cn. yx, xnno1nopnnx rocnoap, ko1o nsnsa
o1 O1na, koxy1o, kak1o n na O1na n Cnna, 1pxna a ce xonx,
ko1o ronopeme npes npoponn1e
85)
.
C 1ona rrpnn1e nanycnaxa enanrene1o, koe1o kasna, ne Cn.
yx nsnsa o1 O1na, no ce npeana o1 Cnna na nxpnamn1e.
3a1ona rrpnn1e napekoxa cnox1a nrpkna cropna, 1.e. nxpno e
onona, koe1o noenn1e o1 nap1nsanckn c1pac1n cropn ca pemnn.
Pnxxnn1e nrk noce o1noxa n pyra kpanoc1, ka1o kasa-
xa, ne Cn. yx nponsnsa o1 O1na n Cnna, koe1o crmo ne ce na-
83
___________
* Bnx: Enanrene o1 Hyka, 24:49; exnnx na cn. Anoc1on 1:8 B.a.
xnpa n enanrene1o, samo1o 1ax ce kasna caxo, ne Cn. yx npo-
nsnsa caxo o1 O1na, a ce npeana (a ne nsnsa) o1 Cnna.
C 1asn conc1nnecka pasnka nrn nrsren1e sa o1nomennx-
1a na Cn. Tponna o1nomennx1a xexy rrpnn n 1pakonnpnnn
c1anaxa ome no-nsoc1penn.
3amo c1ana 1aka?
O1 non1nneckn cropaxennx.
Hpen pnxcko1o sanomnane na Bakancknx noyoc1pon rrpnn-
1e xnoro 1ernxa o1 xakeonnn1e, nrk n o1 1paknnn1e. Ho n nrn
npexe1o na pnxcko1o nannec1no 1pakonnpnnn1e npec1anx-
naxa cna n Pnxcka1a nxnepnx. Ce crsanane1o na Pnxcka1a nx-
nepnx o1 Hesap penna1a na nxnepa1opn1e o1 pnxcka nn n1an-
ancka naponoc1 ne 1pax rro. Honexe nxnepa1opcka1a apxnx ce
crc1oeme npenxno o1 1pakonnpnnn, na nxnepa1opcknx c1o
sanonnaxa a cxa1 o1nnnn ce n apxnx1a 1pakonnpnckn nono-
n. 3anonnakn o1 nepnoropena noke1nan, c nskmnenne na Teo-
ocn, nxnepa1opn1e xxa npenxno 1pakonnpnnn. Tpxname
a ra1 noeenn nnpnnn1e nn rrapn1e, sa a nonne pnxc-
ka1a kypnx o1nono a cne1n. Xpnc1nxnc1no1o nckame a o1c1pann
o1enn1e naponoc1n n a crsae xpnc1nxnckn napo.
Irpnn1e oane nckaxa a nsnosna1 xpnc1nxnc1no1o sa cnon
naponn nen. 3a a ce o1aena1 o1 1pakonnpnnn1e, 1e oxnn-
xa nona orxa na xpnc1nxncka1a nxpa n kasaxa, ne 1pakonnpnnn-
1e, kon1o ne cnoexxa 1asn orxa, ca epe1nnn nn nexpnc1nxnn.
Txxna1a non1nnecka ne ce nnxa na-ope o1 cennx ak1.
Honexe nanncr1 na Xpnc1onnx kprc1 e nanncan na enpec-
kn, rprnkn n a1nnckn (samo1o 1ona xxa pasnpoc1panenn1e esn-
nn n Pnxcka1a nxnepnx), 1e nanpannxa o1 1osn ak1 sakmnenne,
ne xpnc1nxnn xora1 a ra1 caxo ronopemn1e 1esn esnnn. Tona
cxnamane npoxnnxa rrpnn1e ome nrn npexe1o na anoc1o Hane,
ko1o ce npnnyn n nncxo1o cn o koocxnn1e a nx kaxe, ne nx-
xa pasnka xexy ennn, men n ckn1n, samo1o ncnnkn ka1o
xpnc1nxnn ca pannn noxexy cn.
Brnpekn nanoxnxne1o na anoc1o Hane rrpnn1e ycnxxa a
npokapa1 cnox nrsre, ka1o npnnynxa 1pakonnpncko1o yxo-
nenc1no a npnexa crc cana cn n rprnko nxe. C nskmnenne na
nanka1a na Toxn (Konc1anna), rannnx1 rpa na Maka Ckn1nx
no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Baenc (376 r.), ko1o noceme rrap-
cko1o nxe Be1pan, ncnnkn pyrn 1pakonnpnckn nannn noce-
xa rprnkn, a caxo 1yk-1ax pnxckn nxena, ka1o Encenn, Teon,
Teornnc, exon, Teo1nx, Enokcn, Haan, Ankcen1n, Vp-
84
sakn n np., xakap ne 1e ncnnkn xxa 1pakonnpnnn. Hoceme n
nxko 1pakncko nn rrapcko nxe, 1o nsomo ne ce cnn1ame
sa xpnc1nxnnn.
Tona nporxn n o nec. H nec namexo neno yxonencxno
nocn nskmnnxeno r+nkn nuena, ka1o Cnnecn, Hap1enn, Me-
1on, Teon, Teoan, Makapn, Coponn, Knxen1, Knpn,
Ipnropn, Heon1, Enrenn, Enokcn, Bacnn, C1ean, Cnxeon
n np. Kora1o cyma nonek 1esn nxena, xncn cn, ne nxa pao1a c
nnc1n ennn, xakap ne xopa1a, kon1o nocx1 1esn nxena a ca r-
rapckn ceckn cnnone, kon1o ne snax1 nn1o yxa rprnkn.
Tr ce npanexa 1pakonnpnnn1e na rrpnn.
O1 nc1opnx1a ce snae, ne pnxxnn1e nokopnxa n Tpaknx n Hn-
pnx roxx 1pakonnpnckn napo. Kre e 1ox napo cera, ynenn1e
ne snax1; kasna1, oane, ne 1pakonnpnnn1e ca norrpnenn nn nrk,
ne caxn nn rrpnn. As xonx n Apxeoornnecknx nnc1n1y1, n xy-
sex n np. n Conx, sa a ce ocneoxx nrpxy 1osn nrnpoc, no ne xo-
xax a noyna saonon1een o1ronop. B xysex as nnxx xnoro
konnn c1a1yn, no kon1o c1on nanncano: ,Tpaknckn konnnk. O1n-
ox n Maapa n nnxx na ena ckaa nsran crmnx konnnk, ko-
1o 1yk e napenen: ,Hap Kpyx na kon. As nsnanx o1 1osn ak1 sak-
mnenne1o, ne Kpyx e n 1paknen, oane sanexamnx1 aockn1e
naxe1nnnn xn o1ronopn, ne 1ona ne xoxe a re nxpno, nonexe
1e n Aoa nn naxepnn kaxrnn, kaknn1o ce cpeman caxo n Cn-
npckn1e nannnn, koe1o nokasnao, ne ponna1a na nexe1o, o1
koe1o e nponsxsr Kpyx, ce e naxnpao n Cnnp, kre1o xnneexa
caxoen1e! O1 1ona nsnsa, ne kora1o caxoen1e nanycnan Cnnp,
1e nn nsen n ckan1e crc cee cn! Kre ca cera c1apn1e 1pakon-
npnnn, ne xoxa a xn o1ronopn. Te nn cera rrpnn, samo1o
enn Heon1oc, C1eanoc, Cnxeon, Hap1ennoc, Teonak1oc, Me-
1onoc, Knpnoc n np., ne xoxe a ca nn rrapn, a ca nn rrp-
nn. Tr rrpnn1e yxeexa a naoxa1 npes xpnc1nxnc1no1o rprnkn
mexne (kexo) na rrapn1e n c 1ona ycnxxa a sacnx1 cnox1a
naponoc1 n a pasrpoxx1 rrapcka1a.
4. Codex argenteus
Ho-npen noconnxxe, ne ro1n1e ca ckn1n nn re1n, kon1o o1
ne1n nek nacax xxa napenenn rrapn. Box ce kasna, ne Vn-
a e npene Cn. Hncanne sa ckn1n1e n Ie1nx, cena, ne 1o ro e
npene sa rrapn, samo1o 1esn ckn1n cera ce kasna1 rrapn.
Oane, kora1o ne ce snaeme sa cra1a na 1pakonnpnnn1e n
85
ckn1n1e, nxpname ce, ne ro1n1e ca repxannn, a xynn1e kn1ann,
n ce xnceme, ne Vna e npene Cn. Hncanne sa repxannn.
Tesa1a, ne ro1n1e ca repxannn, ce ocnonaname na ena npe-
aena o1 Hopan npnkaska, ne re1n1e, kon1o noce ce napekn
ro1n, xnneen nrpnonanano na oc1pon Ckansa. Ho oc1pon
Ckansa ce pasnpame nemna Ckannnannx. Honexe na Ckan-
nnancknx noyoc1pon cera xnnex1 repxanckn napon, ce npne,
ne ro1n1e ca nn repxannn. ope, no 1esn repxannn ca nanyc-
nan cnope Hopan Ckansa n eno npanpexe, samo1o cnope
nero 1e ca xnneen n Tpaknx npen Tpoxncka1a nona, n kox1o 1e
ca nsen ynac1ne.
Ako 1asn npnkaska npeana nc1nnckn crn1nx, 1pxna a ka-
xex, ne 1paknnn1e n eno npanpexe ca nn omn o1 Ckann-
nannx n Tpaknx, a ne, ne ro1n1e ca repxannn. Ako ro1n1e xxa
repxannn, 1ona c1apn1e an1opn mxxa a cnoxena1. Hpnck, na-
koxne1en1nnx1 an1op no naponoc11a na ro1n1e n xynn1e, nnme,
ne ckn1n1e, kon1o nn cxecen (o1 ro1n n xynn) napo, ronopnn
nn xynckn, nn ro1ckn. Ha1nnckn ca ronopnn caxo onesn, kon-
1o 1rprynan c H1anx, a rprnkn caxo sapoenn1e o1 1pakncko-
1o n nnpncko1o kpapexne. B Tpaknx n Hnpnx ce e ronopn-
o nnponex ro1ckn n xynckn. Hpene n e Vna Cn. nncanne na
ro1ckn, 1o ro e npene sa 1pakonnpnnn.
ocera ce cxx1ame, ne ro1n1e nsesn o1 Ckannnannx, xn-
nan npes nemna Homa n Vkpana n ce cnpen o Asoncko xo-
pe. Tyk npes 376 r. nrpxy 1xx yapnn nemn1e o1 Kn1a xynn.
Hpecenann o1 xynn1e, ro1n1e nn nsxran na sana, n a-
kncka1a onna na ynan. Honexe n 1yk ne ce naxnpan nsnrn
onacnoc1, npes 377 r. nsnpa1nn xncnx o nxnepa1op Baenc, a
ro xox1 a nx nosnon a ce nocex1 na mr o1 ynan n Mnsnx
nn Tpaknx, ka1o xy oeman, ne me ce nonnnx1 na nac11a xy
n me xy ra1 nokopnn, sa a noyna1 no-roxxo onepne, 1e
oeman na nxnepa1op Baenc, ne me npnexa1 xpnc1nxnc1no1o,
ako nxa nx ce an ynn1en, kon1o a pasnpa1 1exnnx esnk. To-
na c1anao. Ho Baenc, ko1o e poox o1 Hnae n Hanonnx
(Conennx) n nsnonxname, kak1o ncnnkn 1pakonnpnnn, 1pako-
nnpncko1o nepym, nn nepym1o na Encenn, Vna n np., n
nx a sa ynn1en 1pakonnpnnn, kon1o nsnonxnan 1ona ne-
pym, samo1o caxo 1paknnn1e, kak1o kasaxxe, ca ronopnn ro1c-
kn. Te npenrpnan ro1n1e, kasna Hopan, ne n xpnc1nxnc1no, a n
apnanc1no, kak1o kene1nnneckn ce napnname nxpa1a na 1pakon-
npnnn1e.
86
O1 noconeno1o ce nnxa, ne 1r napnnann1e ckannnanckn
ro1n, kon1o ncrmnoc1 xxa aknckn re1n, ca ce nn xnnn na
ynan npes 376 r., a npes 377 r. nn npnen xpnc1nxnc1no1o. A
Vna e poen n Mnsnx okoo 311 r., kre1o o 1pnece1ronm-
na1a cn nrspac1 e n ynn1e. Honexe ocnen na re1ckn nn ro1c-
kn, 1o e nnca n ronopn ome n na rprnkn, n a1nnckn, xorr e
a naynn 1esn esnnn caxo n Pnxcka1a nxnepnx, kre1o e n
npnnyen a rn ronopn o1 e1nnc1no. Oane n mxnopyckn1e c1e-
nn, kre1o ne e nxa nnkakno crnpnkocnonenne c rrpnn n pnx-
xnn, 1o ne n xorr a naynn 1esn esnnn. Vna e n nnpo-
nex, xnsnen, a ne repxanen.
Hpenooxenne1o, ne xnneemn1e n pyckn1e c1enn xnnxn
repxanckn ckn1nnnn nn xpnc1nxnn n axe nn npenen Cn.
nncanne na repxanckn, a xnneemn1e na mr o1 ynan n Pnxcka-
1a nxnepnx re1n nn esnnnnnn, e onennno nexncnxo. Ako
xxa 1esn xnnxn repxannn xpnc1nxnn n ako nxaxa axe cno
npeno na Cn. nncanne, ne nxa nxan nyxa a xox1 Baenc
a rn nokprc1na n a nx ana ynn1en, kon1o a snax1 1exnnx
esnk, samo1o, mox ca nxan axe cno npeno na Cn. nncanne,
1e ca nn n xpnc1nxnn, n ca nxan n cnon ynn1en na cno
esnk. Trpcen n ca cera (377 r.) ynn1en, 1e nn1o ca nn o-
1orana xpnc1nxnn, nn1o ca nxan cnon xpnc1nxnckn ynn1en, a
Vna npenee Cn. nncanne no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Konc-
1an1nn Benkn, xexy 330 n 340 r.; npes 341 r. 1o e nene ennc-
kon n Hnkono na p. Zn1pa. He rro npexe ce 341 r. neronn-
x1 ynennk Ankcen1n c1ana nanka n Cnnc1pa. Vna nnpo-
nex e xnnx n ec1na n Mnsnx, npen xnnxn1e repxannn a
ce xnx1 na cenep o1 ynan. 3a xnsnnn1e snann Vna e n
npene Cn. Hncanne, kora1o xnnxn1e repxannn ome ca xnnee-
n n pyckn1e c1enn. To nnponex nxxame nnmo omo c 1r na-
penenn1e repxannn.
Kora1o 1esn xnnxn repxannn npes 376 r. ce xnnxa na ynan
n oemaxa na Baenc, ne me c1ana1 xpnc1nxnn, ako nx ce aa1
ynn1en, kon1o a snax1 1exnnx esnk, 1e c 1ona nckaxa xnsnc-
kn ynn1en, samo1o xnsnckn1e re1n pasnpaxa esnka na a-
knckn1e, a ne rrpnn1e n pnxxnn1e. Tesn ynn1en nx ae V-
na. Ho nonexe Vna, kak1o n ncnnkn pyrn 1pakonnpnc-
kn nannn, ce oosnananaxa kene1nnneckn ka1o apnannn, ce
kasa, ne ro1n1e nn npenrpna1n n apnanc1no, a ne n xpnc1nxn-
c1no. Tona apnancko xpnc1nxnc1no aoxa oane 1paknckn1e
re1n na aknckn1e re1n.
87
Iepxannn1e npeneoxa Cn. Hncanne na cno esnk n IX nek,
no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Hynnr Haoxnn, koe1o nxxame a
c1ane, ako Vna e npene Cn. Hncanne na repxanckn. B c1a-
po npexe ne ce e snaeo sa xnnxnx repxanckn npeno na Vn-
a. Hak n nono npexe e naxepen n H1anx enn repxanckn pr-
konnc na Cn. Hncanne, napenen ,Cperpen koekc. Vnenn1e sa-
nonnan a 1rpcx1 ko e nannca 1osn prkonnc n nonexe ne
xorn a naxepx1 an1opa, 1e cn kasan, ne an1opr1 me a e V-
na. Han Vna e npene Cn. Hncanne na ro1ckn, nan ro-
1n1e ca repxannn? Tona me a e Vnonnx1 npeno. Hakpa1ko
kasano, enn repxanckn xanyckpnn1 nponsnono, es ncxkakno
okasa1ec1no e napenen ro1ckn, nn Vnon xanyckpnn1, xa-
kap ne ro1n1e, kon1o saxnnaxa sa H1anx, nxxaxa nnmo omo c
Vnonn1e ro1n.
3amo nooen xanyckpnn1 ne ce naxepn n Mnsnx n Tpaknx,
kre1o Vna n neronn1e ynennnn ca ec1nan n yxpen? 3a-
mo repxannc1n1e ne 1rpcx1 1yk Vnonnx npeno? C1. Mae-
non n c1a1nx1a cn ,C1aporrapckn nrn nec1nnk ,La Parole
Bulgare o1 22 xa 1937 r. nnme, ne Vna n npene Cn. Hn-
canne na repxanckn. ope. a ro okaxe. Hne noconnxxe, ne
ro1cknx1 esnk ne e n repxanckn, a ckn1ckn nn 1pakonnpnc-
kn. Heka 1o a noconn ko e kasa, ne ro1cknx1 esnk e repxanc-
kn esnk, samo1o nnane xopa1a me cn noxncx1, ne 1o n n 1osn
cyna xexannnno npeana nyxn xncn.
oka1o 1o okaxe 1ona, nne me noconnx kakno kasna npo.
C1. Maenon no-na1a1rk n cnox1a c1a1nx. A 1o e, ne c1apor-
rapcknx1 esnk nokasna nonene c1apnnnoc1n, o1koko1o 1r nape-
nennx1 Vnon ro1ckn esnk, ko1o e o1 IV nek.
Tyk Maenon e npan, oane 1o ne e npan, ka1o ne npann
nyxnnx nsno o1 1osn ak1, o1 ko1o ce nnxa, ne npnnncnannx1
na Vna repxanckn prkonnc e nanncan ce npenoa na Cn.
Hncanne na rrapckn. Ako rrapcknx1 npeno e nanpanen npes
IX nek, kak1o conn ,ynena1a cannc1nka, 1orana noconennx1 rep-
xanckn prkonnc e nncan ce 1ona npexe, koe1o xexy pyro1o
ce nnxa n o1 paskomno1o xy nsanne, koe1o ne e xoxeo a ce
nanpann n ne1nrp1n nek, n ceona1eno, 1o nxxa nnmo omo c
Vna. Honexe c1apnnnoc11a na rrapcknx npeno ne na
onn, nne nxaxe npano a kaxex, ne 1o e nanpanen no-pano o1 IX
nek, nanpnxep n IV nek, n 1o o1 Vna, oane neka no-nanpe a
nnnx:
88
5. 3a kon nao Vqna nenee Cn. nncanne?
Honexe Mnsnx no npexe1o na Vna, Ankcen1n, Haan
n np. ce e kasnaa Brrapnx, xnno e, ne nac1no1o na 1esn nan-
nn ce e crc1oxo o1 rrapn n ne Vna e npene Cn. Hncanne
sa rrapn.
Ho-ecno oane me ce pasepe 1osn nrnpoc, ako oc1annx
nxe1o rrapn n ce cnpex npenxno na nxe1o xynn.
Heponnx, ko1o e xnnx n ne1nrp1n nek n napnna Mnsnx
Brrapnx, nnme:
,Xynn1e yna1 nca1npa n 1onx1 ckn1cknx c1y c 1onnna1a
na nxpa1a: 3a1opyca1a n pyca1a re1cka (ckn1cka) nocka e ok-
prxena c nrpkonnn naa1kn. Te (ckn1n1e nn xynn1e) xoxe n sa
1ona ce nx1 npo1nn nac (pnxxnn1e) c panna na nama1a xpa-
poc1, samo1o nsnonxna1 crma1a nxpa
86)
.
Heponnx napnna 1yk ckn1n1e xynn, a nonexe n re1n1e ca ckn-
1n, Heponnx rn nsnxa 1yk sa enn napo. Baxno e 1ona cnne1e-
c1no n sa1ona, samo1o 1yk ce kasna, ne ckn1ckn1e nexena xynn n
re1n nanaan Pnxcka1a nxnepnx, oka1o no-krcnn1e nnca1en
napnna1 re1n1e ro1n n kasna1, ne xynn n ro1n nanaan Pnxcka1a
nxnepnx, o1 koe1o ce nnxa, ne re1n1e ca napenenn noce ro1n.
Ha kakrn esnk ca nen 1esn ckn1ckn nexena nca1npa? Pas-
npa ce, na esnka, na ko1o Vna npenee Cn. Hncanne, samo-
1o Vna npenee Cn. Hncanne sa ckn1n1e n Ie1nx. Box, kak1o
nene noconnxxe, ckn1n1e ca ronopnn nn ro1ckn, nn xynckn,
Vna e npene Cn. Hncanne sa ro1n1e n xynn1e. Xynn1e nnpo-
nex ca nen nca1npa no npenoa na Vna ome n IV nek.
A Cosoxen (400 430 r.), ka1o onncna nrpkonnn1e pao1n
okoo 390 r., nnme sa nanka1a na Toxn (Konc1anna) ceno1o:
,Hrpkna1a n Toxn n n oc1anaa Ckn1nx ynpanxname ckn1r1
Teo1nx, enn oynen n xrpoc11a xrx, koro1o nopan opoe-
1en1e xy xnneemn1e nokpa ynan napnapckn xynn nsnrnpeno
xnoro nonn1axa n ro napnnaxa Bor na poxen1e
87)
.
Tyk ckn1n1e ca napenenn caxo xynn. Xnneemn1e n Maka Ckn-
1nx xynn nn re1n ca nn nnponex n ne1nrp1n nek xpnc1nxnn.
Ha kakrn esnk cymaxa Boxnx1a cyxa 1esn 1oxn1anckn xynn?
Tona nn oxcnxna Baapn C1pao, yxpx npes 848 r. To
nnme sa nrpkonnn1e pao1n na ckn1n1e, sa kon1o 1yk c1ana yxa,
ceno1o:
,Io1n1e, nn re1n1e, npeneoxa cnemenn1e knnrn na cno
esnk, o1 kon1o n ocera ca ce sanasnn naxe1nnnn npn xnosnna.
89
H, kak1o ce naynanaxe o1 cromennx1a na oc1onepnn pa1x, na
crmnx esnk ce cyxn n nec (840 r.) Boxnx1a cyxa y nxkon
ckn1ckn napon, npenxno y xn1en1e na Toxn.
88)
Vna npene Cn. Hncanne sa re1n1e n Toxn n pyrn1e xyn-
ckn nn ckn1ckn nexena nokpa ynan, kon1o, kak1o nnxaxe,
ca nporxanan n ce cxrp11a xy, nn n no npexe na rrap-
cko1o napc1no, a cn cyxa1 c 1osn npeno, c 1asn pasnka caxo,
ne 1e, a ocoeno 1oxn1annn, n IX nek ca ce kasnan rrapn. Xy-
nn1e, kon1o opasynaxa rrapcka1a rpxana, ca nen nnponex
enanrene1o na cno esnk ome n IV nek. 3a1ona nne kasnaxe, ne
c1aporrapcknx1 npeno na Cn. Hncanne e nanpanen o1 Vna.
Tyk 1pxname a ce 1rpcx1 Vnonn1e npenon, a ne n H1anx.
3a a xapak1epnsnpaxe 1esn o1nomennx ome no-xcno, me no-
connx n cenn1e ak1n.
Hopan, ko1o e nnca cnox1a knnra n 552 r., nnme sa Vn-
onn1e ro1n ceno1o:
,Hxame n pyrn ro1n, 1r napenenn1e xakn ro1n, enn
xnoropoen napo. Texen cnemennk n apxnennckon e Vna,
ko1o nx n nsnaxepn n nncxena. nec (552 r.) 1e on1ana1 n
Mnsnx, oac11a na Hnkono, n nonoxne1o na Xexyc (C1apa
nannna).
89)
Tona e no npes 552 r., a no ronna 535, nn 17 ronnn no-
pano, Koxec Mapnenn nnme n cnox1a xponnka: ,Ha1pnnn Hn-
1a ce crcka n Mnsnx c nenpnx1eckn1e rrapn n c1nrna na
ropno1o 1enenne na Zn1pa.
90)
Tyk nxaxe nareen npnxep, ne Vnonn1e ro1n no-c1apn-
x1 Mapnenn e napekr rrapn. Tona ce pasnpame n o1 oc1o-
x1ec1no1o, ne Mnsnx no npexe1o na Vna ce napnname Br-
rapnx. To ce no1nrpn o1 Baapn C1pao, ko1o kasa, ne n na
mr o1 ynan n IX nek ce e cyxno no Vnonn1e knnrn. 3a1o-
na nne kasnaxe, ne Vna e npene Cn. Hncanne sa rrapn1e.
90
IHABA II
HTPBA KCTHHHAHA
1. H+konnnxe asnn no neuexo na Hoan 3axoycx
Bcec1nne na cnopasyxenne1o xexy sanamnann1e o1 xy-
nn1e necero1n n nxnepa1op Baenc necero1n1e ce nocenxa n
Bperona aknx (c1onna Apnap) n Tpaknx, no nopan noc1oxnnn-
1e nonn, kon1o noexa, y 1xx e nac1ana c1pamen ra. ono-
xnsnckn1e nonon oane nx npoanan xpann na nenxonepno
nncokn nenn. O1naxnn o1 1ona nooxenne, 1e ce nanrnan npo-
1nn nxnepa1op Baenc, ko1o nana n cpaxenne1o npn Opnn.
,Torana, nnme Hopan, ce 1okona cannn noen, necero1n1e
sanonnaxa a on1ana1 ne1e Tpaknn n Bperona aknx, kon1o 1e
xxa saen, samo1o rn cnn1axa sa ponn sexn.
Tasn noea ne okapa oane xeano1o mac1ne na 1pakonn-
pnnn1e. Ce nanonena Baenc e nasnanen sa ns1onno-pnxckn
nxnepa1op ncnanenr1 Teoocn (379 395 r.), ko1o eme ns-
nrnpeno se nac1poen npo1nn 1pakonnpnnn1e. To ycnx a
noen xynn1e n ro1n1e n a nrsc1anonn nxnepa1opcka1a nac1
n ns1onna1a nac1 na nxnepnx1a. Ce 1asn noea ce cnnka rprn-
knx1 cnno n Hapnrpa (381f382 r.), na ko1o noenn1e o1 Vn-
a 1paknckn nannn ne ce onycnaxa n n ko1o, kak1o noconnx-
xe, ce nspao1n nona1a rprnka orxa na nxpa1a, c kox1o rprnka-
1a nrpkna ce o1en o1 1pakncka1a. Ocnen 1ona napnrpacknx1
nanka, xakeonenr1 n nsnonxnamnx1 nepym1o na Vna e-
xon e ynonen n na nerono xxc1o eme nasnanen rrpkr1 Ipn-
rop o1 Hasnans. To e nrpnnx1 rprk, ko1o n 379 r. crsae n kr-
ma1a na enn cno npnx1e ena rprnka nrpknnna. Tr sanonna
norrpnnane1o na Hapnrpa, ko1o o1orana eme npenxno r-
rapcko cenme.
Ckn1n1e nn ro1n1e xxa oxnenn sa nenpnx1en na nxne-
pnx1a. Txxna1a nrpkna n Hapnrpa e sanaena n xnosnna sarn-
naxa.
91)
Irpnn1e ce cxymanaxa no-xako o1 xnnxnx apnannsrx na
1paknnn1e, o1koko1o o1 rrapcknx esnk n orocyxenne1o.
Ha-roxx neron npo1nnnnk e o1nanao Hoan 3a1oyc1, ko1o
oane ckopo ce yen, ne e nenrsxoxno a ce pasnpoc1pann xpnc-
1nxncko1o ynenne, ako xopa1a ne pasnpa1 npononennka. Penn-
91
1e xy n Hapnrpacka1a nrpkna 1pxname a ra1 npenexann,
sa a xora1 cyma1en1e xy a rn pasnpa1. Teoope1 nnme sa
nero:
,Honexe 1o (Hoan), ocnen 1ona nnx, ne ckn1cknx1 napo
(n Hapnrpa) e nonana n xpexa1a na apnannsxa, xrneme ce
a npexaxne 1ona so n nsxncn cpec1no a rn cnenen sa
nrpkna1a. 3a 1asn ne 1o noc1ann cnemennnn, xkonn n ne1nn
na nncannx1a, kon1o ronopexa 1exnnx esnk, onpeen nx ocoe-
na nrpkna n no 1osn nannn 1o cnenen xnosnna o1 sayenn-
1e. Mnoro nr1n o1nname cax 1ax n npononxname c noxom1a
na npenoan, ko1o naeeme na1a esnka, n kapame onesn, ko-
n1o nxaxa ap na cono1o, a npanx1 crmo1o. Tasn pao1a nrp-
meme 1o nr1pe n rpaa (Hapnrpa) n cnenen xnoro o1 say-
enn1e.
92)
Tyk nxaxe nareen npnxep, ne xpnc1nxncka1a nex ne xo-
xeme a ce npeana caxo na rprnkn esnk, a ne 1x 1pxname a ce
npeana n na esnka, ko1o pasnpaxa xopa1a.
Tona ce o1nacx o ckn1n1e n Hapnrpa, a mo ce o1nacx o
ckn1n1e nokpa ynan, Teoope1 nnme:
,Kora1o 1o (Hoan) ce naynn, ne nxkon ckn1ckn ckn1nnnn,
kon1o ca noc1annn naa1kn1e cn nokpa ynana, xaynan sa
cnacenne1o, no ne nxxa ko a nx noae nann1ka1a, no1rpcn xo-
pa, kon1o ce nrsxnmanaxa o1 anoc1ocka1a xrpoc1, n rn nsnpo-
non ka1o xncnonepn.
Ha ynan no 1ona npexe ec1naxa nannn1e Teo1nx, Ank-
cen1n, Haan n p., 1r ne n 1yk ne ce e kacaeo a ce npenrp-
na1 esnnnnnn n xpnc1nxnn, a a ce npenrpna1 o1 ena xpnc1nxn-
cka cek1a n pyra.
A n cnoe1o Expositio in Psalmum IV
93)
, Hoan 3a1oyc1 kasna,
ne ckn1n1e, 1paknnn1e n ennn1e ca noynnn Cn. yx o1 anoc-
1on1e.
Tyk ce sara1na sa anoc1on1e Hane n Anpe, kon1o o1 Ha-
ec1nna na-nanpe ooxa n Tpaknx n Makeonnx n o11yk Ha-
ne saxnna sa Eaa.
Ckn1n1e nnponex nn cneneenn sa xpnc1nxnc1no1o npen
ennn1e n cnope Hoan 3a1oyc1. 3amo1o 1orana ce kasna, ne 1e
ne nn npanocannn xpnc1nxnn? 3amo1o rrpnn1e o1 nannona-
na noya ne nckaxa a onycna1 rrapcka1a nrpkna, kox1o
ce npenoa na Cn. nncanne sanonna a ce oocoxna ka1o na-
nnonana nrpkna.
92
2. Acna, H+n, 3enon n Teoonx Knnoren
Teoocn ycnx a ns1acka rrapcka1a nrpkna na n1opn
nan, no ne n a x ynnmoxn. Bopn1e nporxanaxa. Ce ns-
xnpane1o na Teoocnena1a axnnx
94)
na napnrpacknx npec1o
cena cena1opr1 Mapknan, no nponsxo 1paknen n ponnna na
rannokoxannamnx nrn Bnsan1ncka1a nxnepnx Acnap. Bcnn-
kn ce naxnan, ne Acnap me re nspan sa nxnepa1op, oane
1ona ne c1anao, samo1o 1o n apnanen, kak1o rrpnn1e ke-
ne1nnneckn napnnan npnnrpxennnn1e na ckn1cka1a, nn r-
rapcka1a nrpkna. Tpaknenr1 Mapknan c1ana nxnepa1op, no c yc-
onne1o a npnexe kopona1a o1 prne1e na na1pnapxa, c koe1o
rprnka1a nrpkna nckame a ocnrypn rocnoc1no1o cn n Hs1on-
na1a pnxcka nxnepnx.
Kora1o n 457 r. Mapknan yxpx, 1orana ce xnceme, ne Acnap
nenpexenno me re nspan sa nxnepa1op, no 1ona n cera ne c1a-
na no crmn1e npnnnnn. Irpnn1e ce oxxa, ne c nsnpane1o na Ac-
nap sa nxnepa1op men a ce nrpna1 npexena1a na Konc1an1nn
Benkn, Konc1ann, Baenc n np., kora1o 1pakonnpnnn1e xxa
rocnoapn na Hs1onna1a pnxcka nxnepnx; kora1o napnrpackn-
1e nannn xxa 1pakonnpnnn n np. 3a1ona sa nxnepa1op ce
nspa Acnaponnx1 cyra Hrn (457 474 r.), no nponsxo ec, o1
koe1o ce pasnpa, ne e n poen n Concko nn Bnnncko, sa-
mo1o 1yk xnneexa ecn1e, nn necn1e (necro1n1e). To npne crmo
1aka kopona1a o1 rprnknx napnrpackn nanka. Tosn penera1
nsnrnpeno xnoro ycyxn na rrpnnsxa, nopan koe1o noynn
nposnnme1o Benkn.
Honexe Hrn nxxame cnnone, 1o oema na Acnap npn nsn-
pane1o xy sa nxnepa1op, ne me oxenn rmepx cn Apnane sa
na-xanx Acnapon cnn n no 1osn nannn mx a ro nanpann
npec1oonacennk, oane noce ce okasa, ne 1o n cynax npoc-
1o e rra. He caxo 1ona, no 1o nokann nenrx Acnap n na-
c1apnx xy cnn Apnyp n nopena cn, kre1o 1e nn yn1n o1
noc1anenn ynnn. rmepx cn Apnane 1o a na nanannka
na ncanpncka1a rnapnx, neoxannx n py1aen Tapacnkonc,
ko1o npne rprnko1o nxe 3enon.
Tpaknnn1e ne coxnxa oprxne1o. Hpenon1ec1nana1a
o1 Acnap 1pakncka apxnx cera ce npenoxame o1 pa1onne-
a na Acnapona1a xena, o1 Teoopnx Kpnnoren, cnna na Tpn-
apn. Honexe Teoopnx sanamname c npensexane1o na Ha-
pnrpa, 1orana 3enon ce orpna sa noxom krx Teoopnx, Teo-
93
oxnponnx cnn, koxy1o 1o ae na-roexn1e 1n1n, kon1o
1orana crmec1nynaxa nrn Bnsan1ncka1a nxnepnx. Hanpann ro
koncy, nsnrna xy 1pnyxana apka n np. Hexy 1o xexy
pyro1o oema, ne ka1o c1nrne n Opnncko, me ro nocpemne
roxxa nnsan1ncka apxnx, c noxom1a na kox1o 1o me xoxe
a ynnmoxn pyrnx Teoopnx, no noce ce nnxo, ne e n r-
ran, samo1o, kora1o c1nrna na ypeneno1o xxc1o, 1o ne naxe-
pn nn1o enn nonek n ako pyrnx1 Teoopnx e ro nanana,
e xorr a ro ynnmoxn. Torana naxa1a Teoopnxonnn ce pas-
pan n opasynan om pon1 npo1nn 3enon. Tona npnnyno
3enon a ce orpne krx crcenn1e xakeonckn rrapn, nn
xynn, sa noxom. Ho nonexe ne e onoen o1 1exnnx nonoa
Cannnan, 1o nsnpa1n xopa a ro ynx1. Teoopnx Kpnnore-
n nana o1 kon n yxpx, a pyrnx Teoopnx 3enon npnyxa a
saxnne sa H1anx. Tr 1o cryxx a o1c1pann sanamnamn1e
ro onacnoc1n, oane nen1e, sa kon1o ce noexa 1esn opn, cn
oc1anaxa.
3. Anacxacnn n Bnxanan
Ce ka1o Teoopnx Teooxnpon ce nac1ann n sacnn n H1a-
nx, 1o sanonna non noxo npo1nn rrapn1e, n 1o npo1nn nn-
pnckn1e, kon1o ro nsronnxa o1 Hnpnx n kon1o no onona npexe
xxa rannn1e samn1nnnn na rrapcka1a nesanncnxoc1. Hoxo-
r1 na Teoopnx n Myno npo1nn rrapn1e c1ana ranno no
nrpkonnn npnnnnn.
B r. III ,Cannnanonnn noconnxxe, ne cnope Enon
ox1 npo1nn rrapn1e na p. Mopana c1ana n 504 r., samo1o Irp-
nnx ne ce crracxnaa c 1axomno1o (rrapcko1o) prkonoarane
n nckaa a cnee cnon1e rrapn (rrapn1e n Hs1onna1a pnx-
cka nxnepnx) no cnoe onekync1no, 1.e. rprnka1a nrpkna a ns-
nrpmna prkonoarane1o n Brrapnx. Honexe mac1ne1o n ce yc-
xnxna c pasnnane1o na rrapn1e na p. Mopana, poennx1 n y-
pano Anac1acn, ko1o ce cxrp11a na 3enon (491 r.) ce oxenn
sa Apnane n c1ana nnsan1nckn nxnepa1op, nenara sa1onn
nnpnckn1e nannn, nn nannn1e na Hnm, Conx, Kmc1en-
n, Oxpn n Hnkono, na sanna Ap1a n Ennp. Tona xxa nan-
nn1e na napoa, ko1o no npenon1ec1no1o na Cannnan ce
cpaxaname npn p. Mopana.
Annc Hnkonockn n Iaxn Hnmkn yxpen nrn Bnsan1nx.
Hanpen1n Oxpnckn n sarpxan 1ax, a oxnnon Conckn n
94
Enanre Kmc1ennckn o1 c1pax o1 npanocanna1a nnpncka
nocka nn nenara nycna1n a ce nrpna1 na xec1a1a cn
95)
. O1
1ona nsnec1ne ce nnxa, ne xn1en1e na Kmc1enncko n Co-
ncko ne ca nn oxaoxomenn. Texnnx1 oen yx sanonna no-
na opa sa nrpkonna n non1nnecka nesanncnxoc1. Bnrnan1e
ce n 1esn nponnnnnn rrapn sansen n Makeonnx, nanka1a na
kox1o e sarpxan nrn Bnsan1nx, koe1o n Manacnena1a xponnka
ce o1exsna 1aka:
,Hpn Anac1acin napn naname irape nonxa1n sexm cim,
npomime Biine, n npexe nonxa1n onem sexm Oxpnc-
kym n no 1ox cim Bicy
96)
. Hopan Hnanon, Brrapckn c1apnnn
ns Makeonnx.
Brrapn1e omn o1krx Bnnncko, Concko n Kmc1en-
ncko n sansen Oxpncko n nxa Makeonnx.
Tesn npanocannn nnpnckn rrapn ce crennnn c ns1on-
nn1e rrapn n nokannn poennx n Byxen Bn1anan a rn
npenoxa npo1nn esoxnnx Anac1acn. Bn1anan e n ran-
nokoxannam nnsan1ncka1a apxnx n e c1ox naneo na onesn
rrapn, kon1o eno npexe npenoxame Acnap. Teoan nnme
nrpxy 1ona: ,B 1ax ronna (513) npanocannn1e Ckn1nx n Mnsnx
n pyrn oac1n nokannn Bn1anana, cnna na Ha1pnkno, no-
noa1a na eepa1n1e (crmsnnnn1e), a no1ern npo1nn esox-
nnx Anac1acnx
97)
.
eepa1n xxa xnsnnn1e nn ns1onnn1e rrapn, sa kon1o
Vna npenee Cn. nncanne. Tona nooxenne nx crsae Konc-
1an1nn Benkn, samo1o 1e xxa neronn1e nepnn me. An1onox-
nn1e rrapn ce npn1nnna1 nnponex na noxom na onesn rra-
pn, kon1o c1oxxa nenocpec1neno no pnxcka1a nac1. 3a 1ona
Hoan Maaa nnme ceno1o:
,Brn npexe1o na nerono1o (Anac1acneno1o) napynane sa1npan-
c1na 1paknenr1 Bn1anan no nxkakrn cn npeor, kasnakn, sapa-
n sa1onenn1e nannn, n sanse Tpaknx, Ckn1nx n Mnsnx, o Bapna
n Anxnao, npenoxakn roxxo xnoxec1no xynn n rrapn
98)
.
Bnrnan ca ce nn npo1nn Anac1acn npanocannn1e n
Ckn1nx n Mnsnx, nn ckn1n1e n xnsn1e, kon1o Maaa napnna
xynn n rrapn. Ckn1n1e 1o napnna xynn, a xnsn1e rrapn.
Bnrnan ca ce nn onesn, sa kon1o Vna npenee Cn. Hnca-
nne. Bopnn ca ce nnponex ne cxnamannx sa orxa1a na nxpa1a.
Mapnenn n Teoan ca cnn1an 1pakonnpncka1a orxa sa npa-
nocanna, sa1ona ca napnnan Anac1acn, ko1o samn1ana
rprnka1a orxa, esoxnnk.
95
3a a ce nsrax1 nrpkonnn1e pasnoracnx, ckn1n1e, nn
rrapn1e, npeoxnn a ce crepe nrpkonen crop, ko1o a
pasrea npe1ennnn1e na ne1e c1pann. Anac1acn ce crracn
na 1ona n n eno cnoe nncxo o nana Xopxns nnme, ne 1o nc-
ka nopan nac1anao1o n ckn1ckn1e oac1n crxnenne nrpxy
npanocanna1a nxpa, a cnnka cnno n Xepakea, n nponnnnnx1a
Enpona, ko1o a yc1anonn npana1a nxpa
99)
.
Hana Xopxns no nac1oxnane1o na n1anancknx kpa Teoo-
pnx, ko1o n cynax cnxna1nsnpa na crnaponnnn1e cn rra-
pn, nsnpa1n sa 1osn crop ennckon Enon, ko1o nn onnca oe-
ne1e na rrapn1e npn Kmnpnx, n apxnxkon Bn1anan. Crpa-
n ce okoo 200 ymn npec1ann1en o1 pasnnnn c1pann, no,
sacpaxenn o1 Anac1acn n napnrpacknx nanka Tnxo1e, 1e ce
paso1nmn, es a nsexa1 nxkakno pemenne. 3a 1asn cn noc1rnka
Anac1acn n napenen o1 nenx napo ke1nonpec1rnnnk n r-
xen, no 1o o1ronopn, ne kora1o nxnepa1opr1 ce naxnpa n nyx-
a, 1o xoxe a rxe n ke1nonpec1rnnnnn
100)
.
Kakna na 1asn nyxa, n kox1o ce e naxnpa?
Tasn nyxa ce crc1oxa n 1ona, ne xnosnnc1no1o na napoa,
kak1o n na crpan1e ce sa cnnoa, e rpxao na rrapcko1o ne-
pym, koe1o n cynax n ce oopno. pyra1a onacnoc1 sa Anac-
1acn e, ne Bn1anan eme na-nonyxpna1a nnnoc1 no onona
npexe. Hapnrpanann ro onaknaxa c nospana: ,ope omr,
nxnepa1ope! Moxe n rrapn1e mxxa a ycnex1 a ce naoxa1,
oane 1rkxo n pasrapa na 1esn opn, Anac1acn yxpx (n 518 r.).
4. Axnennckonnnxa H+na Kcxnnnana
Ce cxrp11a na Anac1acn cena1r1 nspa sa nxnepa1op na-
nannka na nopnona1a rnapnx nnpnena (xakeonena) Kc1nn
(518 527 r.), ko1o ce nonoxarame n ynpanenne1o o1 cnox
yxen pa1onne, xanx Kc1nnnan. C noc1anxne1o na napcknx
npec1o na enn npean na rprnka1a nrpkna nnpnen, rrpnn1e
o1c1pannxa onacnoc11a, kox1o rn sac1pamaname.
Ckn1n1e noxncnxa, ne cera, npn nnpnena Kc1nn, me xora1
a npokapa1 cnon1e xeannx, 1a ce saonnxa sa pao1a. Benara
ce kannane1o na Kc1nn na npec1oa, ckn1ckn xonacn ooxa
npn nero a ce onana1 o1 Ha1epn, nanka1a na Toxn, ko1o n
orxa1nnecko o1nomenne norpxame rprnko1o renme. Heo-
nonn ca nn nnponex ckn1n1e, nn xynn1e, na Toxn, sa kon1o
Vna e npene Cn. nncanne n kre1o no onona npexe nrpkon-
96
na1a cyxa ce nsnrpmnaa na ckn1ckn, nn rrapckn, kak1o no-
connxxe nene, no nonexe ne nn yone1nopenn, 1e nsnpa1nn
xncnx o nana Xopxns, kox1o ce crc1oxa o1 Bn1ananonn po-
nnnn, ka1o C1ean n Heon1n, Bn1ananon pa1onne, sa a ro
xox1 a nx no1nrpn opxya1a sa Cne1a1a Tponna
101)
.
Hana Xopxns ne noxea a ce nponsnece nrpxy 1osn nrn-
poc. Hne xncnx, ne 1ona c1ana no ne cropaxennx: pnxcka1a
nrpkna no onona npexe samn1aname nepym1o na Hnkecknx cr-
op, n koe1o o1nocno Cn. yx caxo ce kasname: ,Hne nxpnaxe n
n Cn. yx. Brpxy o1nomenne1o na Cn. yx krx O1na n Cnna Hn-
kecknx1 crop ne ce e nponsnecr. 3a1ona nana Xopxns ne nc-
kame a ce nponsnacx no 1osn nrnpoc.
pyra1a 1nrpe nepox1na npnnnna e, ne nana Xopxns ne
nckame c oopenne1o na rrapcko1o, nn ckn1cko1o nepym a
canknnonnpa ckn1cka1a nrpkna, samo1o nckame npes coyncknx
ennckon, ko1o eme neron nnkap, a sanasn nsnec1no nnxnne
nrpxy Hnpncka Brrapnx. B eno cnoe nncxo o nnencknx
nanka Ann1a, nana Xopxns ce nponsnacx xnoro ackano sa
rrpnn1e. Tax 1o nnme, ne crcenn1e na rrpnn1e 1paknnn, ap-
annn n nnpnnn, ka1o ysnan 1xxna1a nenckpenoc1, rn nanyc-
nan. Mnoro 1paknnn, xakap n npecenann, nn sanasnn
nprskn1e cn c Pnx.
,Crcenn1e na Hanonnx apannx n Hnpnx, o1 nac nsxo-
naxa prkonoarane na ennckonn, kora1o nxaxa nyxa, koe1o n
npanexxe, nnme 1o
102)
.
O1 1ona ce pasnpa samo ckn1ckn1e xonacn xxa o1nmn npn
nana Xopxns a nx no1nrpn opxya1a sa Cn. Tponna. Te xxa
o1nmn npn nero, samo1o xoxe n ca ro cnn1an n sa cno aro-
e1e, oane 1o nckame a sanasn 1ona cn nooxenne sannnarn.
3a a ce pasepe 1ona, me 1pxna a kaxex ceno1o: xpnc-
1nxncka1a nrpkna ce Xpnc1a eme anoc1ocka, samo1o anoc-
1on1e pasnpoc1pannxa xpnc1nxnc1no1o cpe napon1e. Ce
cxrp11a na anoc1on1e 1exnn saxec1nnnn c1anaxa ennckonn1e.
Pnxcknx1 ennckon oane nsese c npe1ennnx sa nrpnenc1no no
ne cropaxennx: nrpno, samo1o ce cnn1ame sa nacennk na
anoc1o He1rp, na-onepennx ynennk na Xpnc1a, n n1opo, samo-
1o eme ennckon na Pnx, c1onna1a na Pnxcka1a nxnepnx.
Ce ka1o Konc1an1nn Benkn crsae o1 cene1o Bnsan1nx
non Pnx, napenen Konc1an1nnon rpa*, ko1o c1ana c1onna na
Hs1onna1a pnxcka nxnepnx, ennckonr1 na 1osn rpa nrs ocnona
97
___________
* Konc1an1nnono .p.
na ceanme1o cn ce xnn c npe1ennnx sa nrpnenc1no n Hs1onna-
1a pnxcka nxnepnx. Ocnen nero c npe1ennnx sa nrpnenc1no n
cnon1e oac1n ce xnnxa n ennckonn1e na nponnnnnann1e c1o-
nnn, nanpnxep 1osn na nnpncka1a npeek1ypa, ceanme1o
na kox1o eme n Cnpxnyx. Tosn ennckon, ko1o nopan cean-
me1o cn ce napnname apxnennckon, e npnnyen ncec1nne na
xynckn1e yapn a ce nscen n Coyn, kre1o c1ana nnkap na na-
na1a. O11yk n npe1ennnx1a na nana1a sa cynpexannx na Hn-
pncka Brrapnx.
Tpakonnpnnn1e nxxaxa ena nen1pana nrpkonna nac1.
Txxna1a nrpkna ce ynpanxname o1 o1enn ennckonn. 3a paona
na 1asn nrpkna nne ysnanaxe o1 eno npnoxenne krx Encennena-
1a xponnka, kre1o oac1n1e na pasnn1e nrpknn ca onep1ann 1aka:
Oac11a na Pnxcka1a nrpkna ce npoc1npa o cakconnn1e,
o ran1e, o Kaxnannx, o pankn1e n nnpnnn1e, o okeana
n Inpa1ap, o Panena n anroapn1e.
O1 Panena n Coyn o ynan ce npoc1npa nrpkonna1a oac1
na ennckonn1e na canxnn1e, aapn1e n ckn1n1e. A oac11a na
napnrpacknx na1pnapx oxnama nxa1a poxecka rpxana n En-
pona n Asnx o 3anana Cnnnnx n Hnkan1e, o Hon1a n Xep-
conec (Iannon)
103)
.
Tasn xponnka onponeprana 1esa1a, ne rrapn1e n canxnn1e
ca ce nokprc1nn ena n IX nek n no1nrpxana 1esa1a, ne ckn1n-
1e, nn rrapn1e, ca nxan npen crsanane1o na apxnenncko-
nnx1a Hrpna Kc1nnnana, cnox nrpkna, kox1o e oexaa nxa
Tpaknx n Hnpnx o Coyn. Hapnrpacka1a nrpkna, kak1o nnx-
axe, e c1nraa n Enpona o Iannon n Hepno xope; oxnama-
a e nnponex caxo rprnkn1e cenma no pera na Erecko n Hep-
no xope. Oc1anaa1a nac1 o1 Tpaknx n Hnpnx e cnaaa no
ennckonana1a nrpkna na ckn1n1e, nn rrapn1e, n np.
o1yk ope, no ko a nocnemana ennckonn1e?
O1 opn1e, kon1o ce noexa, ce pasnpa, ne Hapnrpa n Pnx
ca npe1ennpan sa 1ona. Honexe 1pakonnpnnn1e nn npec-
enann o1 rrpnn1e, 1e ca nn npnnyenn a nsxona1 1ona
nocnemanane o1 nana1a, kak1o ce pasnpa o1 nncxo1o na nana
Xopxns o Ann1a Bnenckn. Cera ce pasnpa1 n yxn1e na Eno-
n, ko1o kasa, ne ox1 na apxnx1a na Teoopnx Benkn n rprn-
ko1o oprne Myno npo1nn rrapn1e, ko1o c1ana na Mopana,
n npensnnkan o1 Irpnnx, kox1o nckaa a nrpne rrapn1e
no cnoe prkonoarane. 3a1ona Irpnnx ce noea1a nenara
sa1onn nnpnckn1e nannn, 1.e. nannn1e na noeenn1e r-
98
rapn, c ne, pasnpa ce, a rn npnnyn a ce nonnnx1 na nena-
1a nrpkna.
oka1o napnrpackn1e nannn xxa 1pakonnpnnn, nema-
1a xxa n pe, no ce ka1o Teoocn rn nsronn n noc1ann na 1xx-
no xxc1o rrpnn1e, nrc1annx1a n Tpaknx n Hnpnx sanec1nxa. Te-
oocn e napenen ,nenkn, oane 1o nsnrpmn na-omo1o e-
o, koe1o enn nxnepa1op e nsnrpmna, samo1o, noen o1 1ec-
norpren monnnnsrx, 1o nacrcka krx ynnmoxenne na napoa,
kon1o n nec ne ca ce npnxnpnn. C 1ona Teoocn ne nanpann
ycyra na rrpnn1e, a o1nopn enponeckn1e npa1n sa asna1cko1o
napnapc1no.
Ce ka1o Kc1nn c1ana nxnepa1op, nrpna1a xy pao1a e a
ce npnxnpn c Bn1anan. Bn1anan e nasnanen sa koncy n ran-
nokoxannam apxnx1a. Ho nonexe 1o eme na-nonyxpna1a
nnnoc1 no onona npexe n ka1o 1akrn e na-cepnosnnx1 kann-
a1 a nacen nnane c1apnx Kc1nn, Kc1nnnan nsnpa1n ynnn
a ro ynnmoxa1. Ce 1ona 1o sae neronn1e rxnoc1n n nnno-
ne, a kora1o Kc1nn nonnna, 1o c1ana nxnepa1op (527 565 r.).
Brrapn1e ne nonecoxa 1ona esxrnno.
Te sacnnxa nenpnxsrn1a cn npo1nn napnrpacka1a nac1.
Kak1o nene noconnxxe, 1e npes 531 r. pasnxa n Tpaknx nnsan-
1ncka1a apxnx, kox1o noea okapa xnp n Tpaknx. Ce 1ona
rrapn1e, nonoxorna1n o1 canxnn n an1n, sansexa n Hnpnx
nak o Honncknx sann, ka1o x nsnnc1nxa o1 rprnknx eexen1.
Kc1nnnan ce onn1a ome enn nr1 a coxn rrapcka1a crnpo-
1nna, ka1o nsnpa1n n 535 r. no xope na1pnnnx Hn1a c ena apxnx
a nanane rrapn1e n Mnsnx, oane rrapn1e ro pasnxa na p.
Zn1pa n ro npnnynxa a xra npes Bnnka sa Hapnrpa. C 1ona
rrapn1e c1anaxa ak1nneckn rocnoapn na sexx1a o1 ynan o
Honncknx sann (Ap1a). Torana Kc1nnnan, ko1o nnane eme
yxen nonek, ce npnnyn a o1c1rnn, sa a cnacn Hs1onna1a Pnx-
cka nxnepnx. Ocnen 1ona 1o cn cnoxnn, ne e rrapnn, sa1ona
pemn a crsae o1ena rrapcka apxnennckonnx. Ha 18 xa
535 r. 1o nsae cnox1a 11-a nonea. Tasn nonea nxa ceno1o
crrpxanne:
,Brpxy npepora1nnn1e na apxnennckona na Hrpna Kc1nnn-
ana. Crmo n o Ka1enxn, axennx xrx n apxnennckon na Hrp-
na Kc1nnnana.
Honexe nne xeaex no pasnn nannnn a no1nknex nanpe
name1o o1enec1no, kre1o Bor e npeonpeen a oex na
1osn cnx1, ko1o 1o crsae, nckaxe a ro cnanx c na-roe-
99
xn npnnnernn crmo n no o1nomenne na nrpkonnnx xy panr, 1r
ne ncekn o1 npeocnemenn1e npec1ox1en na Hrpna Kc1nnnana,
name1o o1enec1no, a re ne caxo xn1ponon1, no n apxnennc-
kon, n a nxa nsnec1nn nponnnnnn no cnox nac1. A nxenno,
kak1o caxa1a Cpensexna aknx, 1r n Bperona aknx, Hrpna
(ropna) Mnsn, apannx (Ckoncko), nponnnnnx1a Hpenan1ana
(nec Hepna ropa), B1opa Makeonnx n ena nac1 o1 B1opa Ha-
nonnx, kre1o e rpar1 Bannx.
Ho-npen npeek1ypa1a ce naxnpame n Cnpxnyx, kre1o ce
naxnpame na-roxxo1o ynpanenne na Hnpnx, kak1o no o1no-
menne na rpaxanckn1e, 1r n no o1nomenne na nrpkonnn1e pa-
o1n. Ho-krcno oane, ce A1nono1o onyc1omenne na 1ona xxc-
1o, npeek1r1 Anpeexn nsxra o1 Cnpxnyx n oe n Coyn.
Hpeek1ypa1a ce nocena 1yk n o1 nrpkonna1a ynpana, 1r ne co-
yncknx1 ennckon cnenen nxkon npepora1nnn, no ne nrs ocnona
na nnno1o cn oc1onc1no, a no cxnka1a na npeek1ypa1a. Ho-
nexe nama1a rpxana cera, c Boxnx noxom, ce 1r xnoro ynen-
nn, 1r ne nne cera nxaxe xnoro rpaone o1 ne1e c1pann na y-
nana; cera ce naxnpa1 no nama1a nac1 ne caxo Bnxnnannyx, no
n naxnpamn1e ce o1nr ynana rpaone Pennana n Hn1epa1a:
cne1oxxe sa nyxno a npexec1nx 1ax canna npeek1ypa, kox1o e
crsaena n Hanonnx, o Hanonnx n name1o mac1nno o1enec1-
no*, nonexe B1opa Hanonnx ne e xnoro o1aenena o1 Cpensex-
na aknx, kora1o, nanpo1nn, xnoro no-roxxo pasc1oxnne en
Hrpna Makeonnx (n kox1o ce naxnpa Coyn) o1 B1opa Hanonnx.
H nonexe ne eme noesno sa rpxana1a xopa1a, kon1o nen-
pekrcna1o nsnrpmnaxa 1exec1n1e na noenna1a cyxa, a xora1
a nna1 n Hrpna Makeonnx, ce ka1o npeooxna1 roexn
pasc1oxnnx n roexn xrnno1nn, 1o nn ce nnx neoxonxo a
npexec1nx 1asn npeek1ypa n ropnn1e n oac1n, sa a xora1 na-
xnpamn1e ce okoo nex nponnnnnn no-ecno a nync1na1 nena-
1a cnacn1ena cna. H sa1ona, Bame Baxenc1no, kak1o n ncnnkn
100
___________
* Hpeek1ypa1a e na npexec1ena n Cepnka, kre1o Kc1nnnan noc1pon nrp-
kna1a ,Cn. Conx, no kox1o Cepnka ce napene Conx. O1 1ona xxc1o na no-
nea1a ce pasnpa, ne Kc1nnnan e cnn1a n Cpensexna aknx, na kox1o ran-
nnx1 rpa eme Cepnka (Conx), sa cnoe o1enec1no. Tona 1pxna a ce pasn-
pa n cxncr, ne xakeonnn1e, o1 kon1o nponsnsame Kc1nnnan, n xn1en1e na
Cpensexna aknx, ca nn ena n crma naponoc1. Krx 1ona neka oannx,
ne neronnx1 canen noenanannk Bensap, ko1o cnope Hpokon e o1 xynckn
po, e poen n Iepxannx, nec Cenapencka anx ynnnmko. 3exx1a na xynn-
1e nn rrapn1e, kak1o ne nnx n o1 nsoxeno1o n nanao1o na 1osn 1py, e
cnn1a sa cnoe o1enec1no. B.a.
pyrn cne1n npec1ox1en na kasana1a apxnennckonnx Hrpna
Kc1nnnana, a nxa1e npnnnernx1a na apxnennckon, kak1o n
nrna cnooa (nrno npano) a naara1e an1opn1e1a cn na 1xx
a rn prkonoara1e n nrn ncnnkn ropecnoxena1n nponnnnnn a
saexe1e nrpno1o none1no xxc1o, nrpno1o oc1onc1no, nrpna1a
cnemennnecka rxnoc1 n na-nncoknx nnn. O1 1nox npec1o a
ce nsnpa1 1e n caxo 1ee a nxa1 sa apxnennckon, n a ne no-
rpxa1 nnkakna omnoc1 crc Coyncknx ennckon, a caxo 1n n
npec1ox1en1e na Hrpna Kc1nnnana ce 1ee a ra1 1exnn
crnn n apn1pn. Ako nac1ana1 pasnoracnx xexy 1xx, 1o Bne
caxn a rn o1c1panxna1e n a rn cnrpmna1e; Bne a rn napexa-
1e. Te ne 1pxna npn nnkoro pyrnro a o1nna1. Bcnnkn ropecno-
xena1n nponnnnnn a ce onn1na1 o cnox Apxnennckon n nero-
no1o pemenne a npnexa1. To no cax, no crc cnox an1opn-
1e1, no npes nsnponoenn yxonnnnn, a nxa nxa1a nac1, nx-
o1o nrpkonno pemenne n nrna1a cnooa na nsop.
Crmo xeaex, mo1o nanka1a n Aknnc, ko1o ce naxnpa n
Bperona aknx, a ce nasnanana o1 Bame Baxenc1no n n reme
a ne ce naxnpa no nanka1a na Mepnnana. Banka1a na Me-
pnnana a cn oc1ane n Mepnnana n a ne norpxa nnkakna
omnoc1 c Aknnc. Ho nanka1a na Aknnc a c1ox1 ropecnoxe-
na1nx1 rpa n ncnnkn neronn kac1en, rpackn oac1n n nrpknn,
sa a xoxe 1o a nsronn npec1rnenne1o na Bonosnann1e ns
1ox rpa n oac11a xy, nn nrk, a rn npenrpne krx npanocan-
na1a nxpa*.
3a a snae Bame Baxenc1no napexane1o na nama1a nox,
npenpamaxe na nncokonone1nnx Bn c1o 1osn sakon, sa a nxa
nrpkna1a na name1o o1enec1no sannnarn 1asn npnnnernx sa ca-
na na ncexorrmnx Bor n nenen cnoxen sa nama1a nox.
Kora1o oane nasn1ex1 na Bamnx c1o nanycne xnno1a, 1o
napexaxe apxnennckonr1 a ce noc1anx o1 nncokonone1nnx
101
___________
* Ha1nncka1a yxa meridiamus snann nane, mr n ce pannxna na rprnko1o Me-
cexnpnx. Honexe Teonak1 Cnxoka1a cnoxenana rpa Aknnc n oac11a, n ko-
x1o ce e naxnpaa 3aaa (Byxen), 1o as xncx, ne Kc1nnnan no Mepnna-
na e pasnpa nemna Mecexnpnx na Hepnoxopcknx pxr, a no Aknnc (rpa
na noa) e cxx1a ee1 na Bypracknx sann. Ipa Aquae ce cnoxenana n c1a-
pa1a reorpanx n na p. Hepna n nemna Pyxrnnx, no 1o ne e xorr a cnaa
no nanka1a na Mecexnpnx. Ocnen 1ona n ena nncana na rprnkn saeexka
no Kc1nnnanona1a nonea, ce kasna Bnxnnannyx (na ynan, n nemna Crp-
nx) a cn nxa cno nanka n a ne c1on no nanka1a na Coyn. Ako n ce
xncno Aquae na p. Hepna, 1x n cnaaa no coyncknx, nn nnpncknx
nanka, a ne no 1ox na Mecexnpnx, ko1o eme 1paknckn nanka. B.a.
cnno na neronn1e xn1ponon1n. Hpnnnno e a c1ane apxne-
nnckon onx, ko1o ce nonn1a o1 ncnnkn nrpknn: axe n n 1ox
cyna ne 1pxna a ce norpxa nnkakna omnoc1 crc Coyn-
cknx nanka.
Bame Baxenc1no no nnko nannn nxxa a ce saann a ns-
nrnn 1ona, koe1o nama1a escxrp1noc1 noc1anonn.
104)
Ho-na1a1rk n cnox1a 131-na nonea, r. 3, Kc1nnnan o1no-
no ce nprma nrpxy Hrpna Kc1nnnana n kasna, ne nannn1e na
nponnnnnn1e Cpensexna aknx, Bperona aknx, Hpenaa ap-
annx, Iopna Mnsnx n Hanonnx, a ce prkonoara1 o1 apxne-
nnckona na Hrpna Kc1nnnana, 1o oane a ce prkonoara o1
coc1nennx cn cnno n n nonnnenn1e cn nponnnnnn, cnope
onpeeenne1o na nana Bnrnn, a saexe panra na anoc1oc-
knx Pnxckn 1pon.
C 1ona Kc1nnnan paspemn enn nr1 sannnarn cnopa no pr-
konoarane1o. C pemenne1o nn oopenne1o na nana Bnrnn
sa kasann1e oac1n ce nasnanana enn apxnennckon, ko1o nxa
crmnx panr nn crmn1e npana ka1o pnxcknx nana. To prkono-
ara xn1ponon1n1e n noneoxc1nenn1e cn nponnnnnn, a kora-
1o 1o yxpe, 1e nsnpa1 pyr apxnennckon n 1r na1a1rk. Cno-
pe 1asn nonea apxnennckonr1 na Hrpna Kc1nnnana e c1ox
axe no-nncoko o1 1osn na Hapnrpa, samo1o cnope rana 2 na
crma1a nonepa Kc1nnnan onpeex pnxcknx1 nana a saexa
nrpno xxc1o xexy nepen1e, a napnrpacknx1 apxnennckon
n1opo. Honexe Kc1nnnan cn e n noc1ann sa ne a cnan
nrpkonnnx rana na nerono1o o1enec1no c na-roexn npnnne-
rnn, 1o napen apxnennckonr1 na Hrpna Kc1nnnana a saexa
n nonnnenn1e cn nponnnnnn crmo1o xxc1o, kakno1o pnxcknx1
nana saexa n nexy nonnnenn1e nponnnnnn. Ho panr apxnennc-
konr1 na Hrpna Kc1nnnana ce pannxname na pnxcknx nana,
ko1o c1oeme na napnrpacknx apxnennckon. Hoceno1o ns-
penenne na ropenpnneeno1o xxc1o ce npeana n cxncr, ne ap-
xnennckonr1 na Hrpna Kc1nnnana n saexa n cnoxena1n1e
nponnnnnn xxc1o1o na pnxcknx nana, 1.e., ne e n nanckn na-
xec1nnk
105)
. Tona npo1nnopenn ne caxo na 1ekc1a, no n na nex-
1a na Kc1nnnan, ko1o nckame a crsae ena nesanncnxa
nrpkna, a ne a o1en cro1enec1nennnn1e cn o1 rrpnn1e, sa a
rn nonnnn na Pnx. Kakno e xncn 1o, ce nnxa o1 ak1a, ne
1o sanonxa na cnon1e crnaponnnn a nxxa1 nnkaknn o1nome-
nnx crc coyncknx nanka, ko1o eme rprk n nnkapn na na-
na1a. Ocnen 1ona nnkora Pnxcka1a nrpkna ne e npe1ennpaa, ne
102
apxnennckonr1 na Hrpna Kc1nnnana e n nenn saxec1nnk. Ako
1ona eme ak1, nnkora Pnxcka1a nrpkna ne n oc1anna 1asn cn
npnnnernx, kox1o x npaneme rocnoapka na Hnpnx n Tpaknx.
Hanpo1nn, 1x ce rpxa nenpnxsneno krx apxnennckonnx1a Hrp-
na Kc1nnnana. Kc1nnnan crsae ena nesanncnxa apxnennc-
konnx sa rrapn1e, ka1o rn o1en o1 rrpnn1e. Coyncknx1
ennckon, nnx1o nonesa Kc1nnnan napene Hrpna Kc1nnnana,
oc1aname nanka caxo sa rprnkn1e cenma nokpa pera na
xope1o.
B cnoxena1n1e o1 nac Kc1nnnanonn nonen (sakonn) ne ca
cnoxena1n mxnn1e nponnnnnn, kon1o cnaaxa krx Hrpna Kc-
1nnnana. Tax ca cnoxena1n caxo nnpnckn1e nponnnnnn.
B Hsnec1nx1a na Pycknx apxeoornneckn nnc1n1y1 n Konc-
1an1nnono, 1ox VI, 1900 r., c1p. 239, C1anpakn e Apnc1apxn e
onapona rprnknx 1ekc1 na 11-a Kc1nnnanona nonea, n kox-
1o xexy pyro1o ce kasna:
,Ho nerona1a (na apxnennckona na Hrpna Kc1nnnana)
nac1 1pxna a c1ox1 kak1o Cpensexna aknx, 1r n Bperona
aknx, B1opa Mnsnx, apannx, nponnnnnx1a Hpenan1ana c
Makeonnx, Iopna Aannx, Tecanx, 1r napnnannx1 oc1pon
Enpnnoc, Ennp, Hnnanx (sexx1a xexy Tecanx, Ennp n Kopnn-
1cknx nponak).
Krx 1ona neka oannx n eno nncxo na nana Iperopn (590
604 r.), n koe1o ce kasna, ne npn nero omr ennckonr1 na Te-
a (n Tecanx) a ce onakna, ne apxnennckonr1 na Hrpna Kc1n-
nnana ro n ynonn
106)
.
O1 1esn ak1n ce nnxa, ne no neoxc1no1o na apxnenncko-
na na Hrpna Kc1nnnana ca cnaan ne caxo Aannx, no n Ennp
(kpapexne1o na Honncko xope, kre1o ce naxnpame rpa
Hnkono) n nxa Tecanx o Kopnn1cknx nponak. To e, ne no
neoxc1no1o na Hrpna Kc1nnnana ca cnaan n sexn1e xexy
Hapnrpa n Honncknx sann, kon1o rrapn1e n nanao1o na
Kc1nnnanono1o napynane nrs ocnona na pacono1o npano saexa n
npnnynxa Kc1nnnan a nx crsae kasana1a apxnennckonnx.
Ome Koxec Mapnenn nnca n cnox1a xponnka no ronna
517, ne no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Anac1acn re1cka1a kanaepnx
na onxnkocaa ne1e Makeonnn, Tecanx o Tepxonnn1e n
C1apnx Ennp, a Manacn napene 1esn re1n rrapn n kasa, ne r-
rapn1e nn 1orana saen Makeonnx n oc1anaa1a Hnpnx. 3a
1esn rrapn crsae Kc1nnnan apxnennckonnx1a Hrpna Kc1n-
nnana. Hnknop Iperopac nnca, ne Kc1nnnan o1nnn c1onna-
103
1a na rrapcknx knxs c apxnennckonnx, sa1ona apxnennckonnx1a
Hrpna Kc1nnnana na napenena rrapcka apxnennckonnx
107)
.
A Teoop Bacaxon nnca n cnon1e koxen1apn nrpxy Hoxo-
kanona na na1pnapx o1n, ne npepora1nnn1e na rrapcknx ap-
xnennckon ca naconenn n Kc1nnnanona1a nonea
108)
.
Ha pyro xxc1o crmnx1 an1op ns1rkna, ne apxnennckonr1 na
Brrapnx e noynn none1no1o cn xxc1o o1 Kc1nnnan
109)
.
Tr cnrpmnxa sanonnan1e ome no npexe1o na Konc1an1nn
Benkn nrpkonnn npennpnn xexy 1pakonnpnnn n rrpnn.
Crc cnon1e nonen Kc1nnnan o1en nrpkonno 1pakonn-
pnnn1e o1 rrpnn1e. Honexe 1pakonnpnnn1e nec ce napnna1
rrapn, 1pxna a kaxex, ne Kc1nnnan o1en rrapcka1a
nrpkna o1 rprnka1a.
Eno nemo oane ne 1yk na onn.
Kc1nnnan ne cnoxenana n cnon1e nonen ona Mnsnx n
Ckn1nx, kora1o onoxnsnnn1e n ckn1n1e npenon1ec1naxa
opa1a. Te ncrmnoc1 npnnynxa Kc1nnnan a crsae Oxpn-
cka1a apxnennckonnx. Tona ne ce npann, samo1o, kak1o cnoxenax-
xe no-npen, onoxnsnnn1e xxa eepa1n, 1.e. an1onoxnn
crmsnnnn na Pnxcka1a nxnepnx. Ka1o 1aknna pnxcka1a nac1 ne
e nxaa npano a ce pasnopexa c 1xx. Hopan 1ona ne e c1ana-
o yxa sa ocnonana1a y 1xx o1 Vna nrpkna. Hxao e cnop ca-
xo sa nnpnnn1e, kon1o ce cnn1axa sa nenocpec1neno nonnne-
nn na Pnxcka1a nxnepnx. 3a a rn sarpxn n nokopc1no, napnr-
packnx1 na1pnapx nckame a rn sac1ann a npnexa1 o1 nero pr-
konoarane1o. Tona ne ycnx, samo1o 1e c noxom1a na cenepnn1e
rrapn ycnxxa a cn nsnomna1 nrpkonna1a nesanncnxoc1.
Makap ne c ocnonanane1o na Oxpncka1a apxnennckonnx
Kc1nnnan nanpann xnoro sa rrapn1e, nak 1pxna a kaxex, ne
1o c 1ona ycyxn nonene na Pnxcka1a nxnepnx n na rrpnn1e, o1-
koko1o na rrapn1e. Crc cnox1a o1c1rnnnnoc1 krx rrapn1e,
1o rn npnxnpn c Pnxcka1a nxnepnx n no 1osn nannn cnacn ne-
no1o pasnaane. Ako ne xxa nsesn na cnena1a xakeonckn1e
rrapn Kc1nn n Kc1nnnan, npenoxann1e o1 Bn1anan r-
rapn mxxa a npensexa1 Hapnrpa n mxxa a c1ana1 rocnoapn
na Hs1onna1a pnxcka nxnepnx. Tona ocye1nxa 1esn nnpnckn
rrapn. Ka1o crsae sa nnpnnn1e, nn xakeonnn1e, ocoe-
na apxnennckonnx, Kc1nnnan cnacn Hapnrpa sa rrpnn1e. Ka1o
ce npnxnpn c rrapn1e, 1o cnenen 1xxna1a noenna cna, na
kox1o ce onpx ne caxo a sacnn Hs1onna1a pnxcka nxnepnx, no
n a cn nrsnrpne H1anx. Brrapn1e cera ce nexa no onn1e
104
noe1a, sa a xora1 pyrn n Hapnrpa a rocnoc1na1. Apxnx1a,
naneo na kox1o e nsnpa1en Bensap n H1anx, sa a x ocnoo-
n o1 ro1n1e, ce crc1oeme caxo o1 1paknnn, nn rrapn. Ko-
ra1o Bensap ce naxepn 1ax n sa1pynenne, 1o nnca cnope
Hpokon crpnepasnpa1enn nncxa o Kc1nnnan, a ro xon a
xy nsnpa1n xynn, samo1o apxnx1a xy na o1canaa. A Koxec
Mapnenn, ko1o napnna Hpokononn1e xynn rrapn, nnme, ne
noenanannkr1 Hoan, Bn1ananon pa1onne, npe1rpnx (548 r.)
nomno nanaenne o1 (ro1cknx knxs) To1n ncec1nne nsann-
nec1no1o na cnon1e rrapn
110)
. Hoan nnponex e cnn1an sa r-
rapnn, nonexe ce kasna, ne neronn1e rrapn ro nn nsan.
Brrapn1e nrsc1anonnxa ennc1no1o na Pnxcka1a nxnepnx. H o1
1ona cnne1ec1no xoxe a ce nnn kakrn napo ca 1e n an 1e
n VI n. on1anaxa Asnx nn Pnxcka1a nxnepnx.
5. Xncxnnncknxe on ce c+sananexo
na +rackaxa axnennckonnn H+na Kcxnnnana
Mnpr1, ko1o Kc1nnnan nrnopn crc crsanane1o na Ox-
pncka1a apxnennckonnx, 1pax caxo oka1o e xnn 1o. Ce
nerona1a cxrp1 aapn1e ce crennnxa crc canxnn n rrapn,
kon1o saeno noneoxa nonn nonn npo1nn Bnsan1ncka1a nxne-
pnx. Bene kasaxxe, ne nrpkna1a na aapn1e, canxnn1e n ckn1n1e
ce e npoc1npaa na mr o Panena n Coyn. 3a 1asn nrpkna ce no-
nee o1nono nona. Hncnec, ko1o e crnpexennnk na crma1a
nona, kasna, ne xynn1e (aapn1e) n canxnn1e nn ena nap1nx,
a ckn1n1e n rrapn1e pyra nap1nx, n 1e saeno ca nonen
nona npo1nn Bnsan1nx. Tasn nona 1e sanonnan, ,samo1o nc-
kan a sanasx1 cnoe1o crxnn1eno npo1nn name1o 1onno yc1a-
noneno nxpnane
111)
.
C ,1onno yc1anoneno nepym Hncnec oosnananame rprnko-
1o nepym n cpannenne c rrapcko1o. B xn1ne1o na cn. nxn1pn
Coynckn nrk ce kasna, ne aapcknx1 non1e n nonnka sa no-
na npo1nn Bnsan1nx ncnnkn onesn, kon1o nxan canxncka pen-
rnx
112)
. Hpnnrpxennnn1e na canxncka1a, nn ro1cka1a nrpkna ce
nnka1 na nona npo1nn npnnrpxennnn1e na rprnka1a nrpkna.
Ho-na1a1rk n crma1a erena ce paskasna, ne kora1o rra-
pn1e no non1ec1no1o na Kynep nporonnn aapn1e n noncka-
n a cn nsexa1 rpaone1e na cnon1e en, ka1o Coyn n pyrn-
1e 1paknckn rpaone, 1e npannn 1ona n samo1o nn sanasnn
npanocanna1a cn nxpa
113)
.
105
Tyk, kak1o nnxaxe, rrapn1e ce napnna1 npanocannn. He Ky-
nep, nn Kpona1, e n npanocanen, 1pxna a ce pasnpa n o1 na-
nka1a Hoan o1 Hnkny, ko1o nnme, ne Kynpa1 e o1pacna o1 e1nn-
c1no n nxnepa1opcknx nop n Hapnrpa, kre1o e n n kprc1en.
Aapn1e, canxnn1e n rrapn1e, nrpkna1a, na kon1o oxna-
mame nxa Hnpnx o Panena n Coyn, sa kox1o Kc1nnnan crs-
ae apxnennckonnx1a Hrpna Kc1nnnana, o1nono ce nnra1 sa
samn1a na cnoe1o nepym, nn sa samn1a na nepym1o na Hrpna
Kc1nnnana. Bacn 3a1apckn oane, sa a cpasn Henon, nnme n
cnox1a ,Onenka na crnnnenne1o sa xann1annx na -p Ianno
Henon (c1p. 6 n 7) ceno1o:
Hona1a apxnennckonnx (Hrpna Kc1nnnana) ne crmec1nynaa
rro. Henn1e crnnn ne ca nsnec1nn. Hpenoara ce caxo, ne 1x
e na ynnmoxena o1 naxynane1o na anapn1e n canxnn1e npes
n1opa1a noonnna na VI nek. Ako nrpkonna1a oprannsannx na
Hrpna Kc1nnnana e na ynnmoxena o1 napnapcko naxynane, 1o-
na e no naxynane1o na crennenn1e 1rnn anapn, canxnn n r-
rapn. Tesn napon ce nnrnaxa a samn1x1 cnoe1o nepym n cnox1a
nrpkna Hrpna Kc1nnnana, a peonnnx1 rrapckn npoecop B.
3a1apckn cn kpnnn yma1a n kasna, ne nn naxyn, sa a ynnmo-
xa1 Hrpna Kc1nnnana! Hrpna Kc1nnnana ne e na ynnmoxena,
samo1o nana Iperopn x cnoxenana n nanao1o na VII nek.
ope. Brrapn1e n pyrn ynnmoxnn Hrpna Kc1nnnana n
sansen nenn1e oac1n, nn Hnpnx. 3amo 1orana 3a1apckn 1nrp-
n, ne rrapn1e nnkora ne ca naen oac1n1e na Hrpna Kc1n-
nnana? Hak non1apxxe, ne 1osn nonek ne snaeme kakno ronopn.
Ako ocera ena nac1 o1 rprnkn1e nnca1en no non1nneckn
cropaxennx oosnananame rrapn1e ka1o nenpanocannn, o1-
cera-na1a1rk 1x o1ne no-aeko n rn oxnn sa esnnnnnn, n 1o n
na-nyrapna opxa. Onnpakn ce na 1esn kene1n, nxkon xo-
epnn nc1opnnn kasaxa, ne rrapn1e o Bopnc nsomo ne ca n-
n xpnc1nxnn. Ocoeno ca noc1paan n 1ona o1nomenne Kpyx n
Oxpn1ar nn Mop1aron, kon1o ce onncna1 ka1o nnn ronn1en
na xpnc1nxnn1e, xakap ne 1e ca nn naoxnn xpnc1nxnn.
Bonn1e, kon1o rrapn1e noexa o Kpona1, nn o crsa-
nane1o na xoepna1a rrapcka rpxana, xxa nonn sa nrpkon-
na n non1nnecka nesanncnxoc1. Bonn1e, kon1o o1cera noneo-
xa, xxa o1pann1enn nonn npo1nn nnsan1nnn1e, kon1o nana-
axa Brrapnx sa rpaex n nonnnenne. Tesn nonn nne ne xo-
xex a cenx 1yk. Be cnoxenex caxo, ne ako ocera rrapn-
1e ce npecenaxa, samo1o nn apnannn n nenpanocannn, o1ce-
106
ra-na1a1rk 1e ce npecena1, samo1o ca nn nkonononn1a1en.
Hkonoopenr1 Konc1an1nn Konponnx naxy npes 764 r. n
Brrapnx n c1nrna nak o Tnnka (Bnsa). 3exx1a nnponex xexy
Bnsa n Hapnrpa ce e napnnaa no onona npexe Brrapnx.
Hxnepa1op Hnknop, ko1o ce e naxnpa n roxxo nnan-
cono sa1pynenne, 1prrna n 807 r. na nona (sa rpaex) npo1nn
rrapn1e n sanse Opnn, no ce nrpna espesy1a1no. Ce 1o-
na nsnpa1n n1opa ekcnennnx n Tpaknx, naxnakn ce a cn oc-
1ann roxx 1onap sa1o ka1o ronmen anrk. Tona ncnnko 1o
npane, samo1o onna nonene sa1o1o, a ne Xpnc1a
114)
.
Ce 1ona Hnknop naxy nak n c1onna1a na Kpyx, sanse
x n ce o1a na nenynan rpaex. Ipan ce ne caxo nennxnxnx1
nxo1, a n ykpamennx1a na xenn1e, nrk n na xrxe1e, ka1o oenn,
nprc1enn, rpnnnn, nannsn n np. Brrapn1e ca nocnn napn1e cn n
pyrn ckrnonennn nema ka1o nakn1n. Tesn ora1c1na crnpa
Hnknop. Teoan xexy pyro1o nnme: ,Ipaekn nxnka1a, 1o
o1pxsna ymn1e n pyrn1e 1eecnn nac1n na xpnc1nxnn1e
115)
.
Teoan, ko1o nnnarn ocera onpeexme rrapn1e ka1o
npanocannn xpnc1nxnn, npann 1ona n 1yk. Brrapn1e, kon1o Hn-
knop rpan, ca nn xpnc1nxnn. Kpyx e n xpnc1nxnnn, a Hn-
knop esoxnnk, ka1o e nrpmn 1asn nnamnna.
B xponnka1a na Mnxan Cnpnckn ce kasna sa 1ona Hnkno-
pono naxynane ceno1o:
,Poxecknx1 nxnepa1op Hnknop 1prrna na noxo npo1nn
rrapn1e: 1o e noen1e n nsn roxxo xnoxec1no o1 1xx. To
c1nrna nak o 1xxna1a c1onna, sanse x, n x onyc1omn. Herona1a n-
na xec1okoc1 c1nrna o1ax, ne 1o crpa 1exnn1e xakn ena, no-
oxn rn na sexx1a n npekapa no 1xx nrpmannn1e nanone
116)
.
Kak npeana 1esn ak1n B. 3a1apckn?
Honexe 1e nsonnana1 nerona1a 1esa, 1o ro ypx na rxa.
To npeana yxn1e na Teoan, ne Hnknop 1prrna na nona
npo1nn rrapn1e n sanse Opnn, o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne O-
pnn e n rrapckn rpa, 1r: ,Hnknop no1ern na noxo
npo1nn rrapn1e, no, ka1o c1nrna o Opnn, nrpna ce, o1 ko-
e1o ce pasnpa, ne Hnknop ce e nnxn ns nnsan1ncka sexx n
ne Opnn e n nnsan1nckn rpa. B1opo1o 1yk o1 nac noconeno
xxc1o na Teoan n na Mnxan Cnpnckn, kon1o kasna1, ne Hnkn-
op o1pxsna axe ymn1e n pyrn1e oknnenn 1eecnn nac1n na
xpnc1nxnn1e, sa a rn orpan, ne yxrp1nxna ena1a nx no enn
nenynano xec1ok nannn, caxo n caxo a crepe ora1c1na, 3a-
1apckn npeana 1r:
107
,O1pxsna ymn1e n pyrn nenone na nonnnn1e, kon1o ce
okocnan o nxnka1a!
117)
, o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne ,npanocan-
nnx1 Hnknop o1pxsna axe ymn1e na nonnnn1e cn, sa a sa-
mn1n rrapn1e o1 nxnkocnane! Kpyx n onx, ko1o naxy
nrn Bnsan1ncka1a nxnepnx a kon n nxnkocna xpnc1nxnn, a
Hnknop nsxsr a rn samn1ana! Ho-esonnno amnnnnpa-
ne na nc1nna1a ena n nonek xoxe a cn npec1ann.
Kpyx n rrapn1e naxepnxa oane xopann cnn n cee cn
a ynnmoxa1 1ona nyonnme n nonemkn nn, koe1o ce kasname
nxnepa1op Hnknop.
Hnknop e naceen o1 Mnxan Panrae (811 813 r.). Te-
oan nnme: ,Mnxan nsese npo1nn rrapn1e nak o Hopy.
O1 npnneeno1o ce nnxa, ne sexx1a xexy Hapnrpa n
Hopy ce e cnn1aa sa rrapcka sexx. 3a1apckn oane ro npe-
ana 1aka: ,Hxnepa1op Mnxan. no1ern n noxo npo1nn r-
rapn1e. Kora1o c1nrna n Hypy (nec Hopy) nonnnn1e xy ce
pasyn1ynan
118)
, o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne Mnxan ce e nnxn ns
nnsan1ncka sexx, kora1o Teoan nnme, ne sexx1a xexy Hapnr-
pa n Hopy e na rrapcka sexx, ne Hopy 1orana ce e naxn-
pa n rrapcka sexx.
B 1ona npexe Kpyx sanse ee1, ko1o ce naxnpame no
onona npexe nrn nnsan1nckn prne. Honexe ee1 n okonoc1-
1a xy ca nn naceenn c rrapn, Kpyx ocnoon ee1 n
npecen nsxran1e npn nero saeno c ennckona cn xn1en, na
pyro xxc1o
119)
.
Kpyx cnacn nsxran1e npn nero rrapckn xpnc1nxnn o1
rrpnn1e.
3a1apckn, ka1o nponycka yxn1e, ne nanka1a n xn1en1e
nsxran, nn ce cnacnn npn Kpyx, npeana 1ona nsnrnpeno
naxno cneenne 1aka:
,Ce npensexane1o na ee1 n 812 r. 1o (Kpyx) npecen
xn1en1e na rpaa saeno c ennckona nx Ieoprn na rrapcka
1epn1opnx
120)
. O1 1ona ce pasnpa, ne Kpyx, ko1o cnope 3a-
1apckn n naxy nrn nnsan1ncka 1epn1opnx a kon n ecn,
ocoeno yxonnnnn, nonexe 1o no onona npexe nsnonxna nx-
pa1a na aa-Haxa, sanrna rprnkn xpnc1nxnn n yxonnnnn n
rn npecen n Brrapnx. 3amo ca xy no1pxnan 1esn ,rrpnn n
Brrapnx? 3a1apckn ne kasna, no o1 xapak1epnc1nka1a, kox1o
1o ana na rrapn1e n Kpyx, ce pasnpa, sa a rn nskon 1ax.
He xoxeme n 1o a nanpann 1ona ome n ee1? Kpyx e npe-
cena cnon crnaponnnn.
108
IHABA III
MHHMOTO HOKPTCTBAHE HA BOPHC
1. Hkonononnxaxecxno n nkonoronnxecxno
Koko1o nonene nnsan1ncknx1 xopa o1caname, 1okona
no-omn enn1e1n ce npnnncnaxa na rrapn1e.
ocera 1pakonnpnnn1e ce cnn1axa sa epe1nnn, 1.e. sa xpnc-
1nxnn, no ne npanocannn. O1cera 1e sanonnaxa a ce onpeex1
ka1o noonokonnnnn, koe1o e panno na esnnnnnn. Iprnka1a y-
xa no snann kap1nna, opas. Crmo1o snann n rprnka1a yxa
nkon, nn nkona. Honexe rrapn1e onnaxa nskyc1no1o n none-
xe ne pasnoaraxa c knnxonna ynenoc1, o1 kox1o a nepnx1 nos-
nannx sa xpnc1nxncka1a nxpa, 1e pncynan opasn1e na Xpnc1a,
na Boxa1a xaka, na cne1nn1e n np. H npn namanane1o na 1e-
sn kap1nnn ce ceman sa Bora n no 1osn nannn nsnn1nan oro-
nonn1. Tnrpe e nepox1no, ne es 1ona cpec1no xpnc1nxnc1no1o
ena n meme a xnane rokn kopenn y rrapcknx napo. To-
na rrpnn1e napnnaxa noonokonc1no. Brrapcknx1 nap Oxyp-
1ar e oosnananan nopan 1ona ka1o noonokonen. Ha-o1na-
xn ronn1e na nkonn1e e nnsan1ncknx1 nxnepa1op Konc1an1nn
Konponnx. rrn1e oxpasnn nonn, kon1o 1o non npo1nn r-
rapn1e, ce noexa ranno, samo1o 1o roneme nkonn1e, nopan
koe1o nkonononn1a1en1e ro napekoxa Konponnx (Hano1o). Ko-
ra1o nxnepa1op Hrn (813 820 r.) sann1a xonaxa Caa1non,
kakno a npann, sa a nonnnn rrapn1e, 1o xy o1ronopn:
Vnnmoxn o1 ocnona ncxka noxncr sa nkonn1e n 1orana nak me
xoxem a nonnnnm rrapn1e n a napynam n xnp.
Brnpekn 1ona Oxyp1ar nonnca 1pnece1ronmen xnp c 1o-
sn nxnepa1op. Honexe oronopr1 nx npensnnkna neoyxenne,
neka kaxex, ne nporxn1ex1 na Teoan, o1 koro1o naynanaxe
sa 1osn oronop, nnme, ne Hrn ro n ckmnn c xynn1e, kon1o
ce napnna1 rrapn. A xynn1e xnneexa nokpa ynan, npenxno
o1nr ynan, nkonononn1a1en1e rrapn xnneexa ranno n Tpa-
knx n Makeonnx. B 821 r. ce nnrna 1paknenr1 Toxa npo1nn Mn-
xan II (820-829 r.), nacennk na Hrn. Toxa, ko1o noynn nx-
nepa1opcka kopona o1 an1noxncknx na1pnapx, ce onnpame ran-
no na xn1en1e xexy Opnn n Mpaxopno xope, krx kon1o ce
npncrennnn n coynnann, nn xakeonnn1e. Kxna Tpaknx nx-
109
kora npnnaexeme krx Makeonnx. Tesn 1paknnn n xakeon-
nn ce xxa nnrnan npo1nn Mnxan, samo1o 1o ne ncka a
cnpe npecenane1o na cne1n1e nkonn.
Oxyp1ar oane, norpxakn cnrpsannx c Hrn 1pnece1ro-
nmen xnp, c1ox na c1pana1a na Mnxan n xy npeoxn ycy-
rn1e cn npo1nn Toxa, no 1e ne nn npne1n. Toxa n cnnr1 xy na-
naxa n o1naxna1a opa, n kox1o ce xxa xnrpnn, no 1xxna1a
nex ne yracna.
Ce cxrp11a na Oxyp1ar, no npexe1o na rrapcknx nap
Mnxan, nooxenne1o na mxnn1e rrapn ce nsxenn.
Hxnepa1op Mnxan e naceen o1 cnna cn Teon (829
842), ko1o crmo 1aka e roxx npo1nnnnk na nkonn1e.
Ho nerono npexe cpe rrpnn1e ce noxnn eno nnxenne sa
nkonononn11a, npenon1ec1nano o1 poennx n Cnpakysa napnr-
packn xonax Me1on. Pasxpen o1 Me1onena1a onosnnnx, nx-
nepa1op Teon ro xnrpn n 1rxnnna. Hoce oane ce cxnn,
nonnka ro n nopena cn n yc1anonn krx nero arockonnn o1-
nomennx. Me1on nsnosna 1ona, sa a cnenen nxnepa1opcknx
nop, ocoeno nxnepa1pnna Teoopa, sa cnox1a kaysa. Kora1o n
842 r. Teoopa, ce nocenaa1a 1orana cxrp1 na Teon, noe
peren1c1no1o na xaoe1nnx cn cnn Mnxan III (poen n 839 r.),
1x nenara ynonn nkonoopcknx napnrpackn na1pnapx Hoan n
na nerono xxc1o nasnann nkonononn1a1ennx Me1on sa napnr-
packn na1pnapx. Ce o1xnrpxne1o na nkonoopc1no1o o1
c1pana na Bnsan1nx sanonnao cnxanane xexy rrapn n rrp-
nn. Hc1opnneckn norena1o, rrpnn1e npnexa rrapcknx npnn-
nnn, oane no-krcna1a nnsan1ncka nc1opnorpanx, kox1o ncnnko
opo npnnncna na cee cn, nsonanana 1osn ak1. Tx ronopn sa
cnxanane1o xexy Teoopa n Bopnc ceno1o:
Brrapcknx1 knxs Bopnc n c1pac1en onxnx, sa1ona no-
kann npn cee cn rprnknx xonax, xyoxnnka Me1on, a xy
napncyna ena onxncka kap1nna nkrmn, sa a xoxe npes nex
n kora1o e y oxa cn, a ce nacaxana na ona. Bxec1o on-
xncka kap1nna, Me1on xy napncyna C1pamnnx cr: kak, o1
ena c1pana, npanenn1e axenc1nan, a, o1 pyra, rpemnn1e ce
nsxrnnan. Bopnc, ka1o nnx kap1nna1a, yxacn ce: ose ro
c1pax oxn n pemn a npnexe xpnc1nxnc1no1o. Kprc1nnk xy
c1ana 1pnronmnnx1 1orana Mnxan III n ro kprc1n na nxe1o
cn Mnxan. Ce 1ona nac1ana xnp xexy rrapn n poxen.
Teoopa 1orana saonona nckannx1a na rrapcknx nap, ka1o
xy o1c1rnna sexx1a o1 3aropa o ee1.
110
Tyk nxaxe eno onennno nsonananane na ak1a.
Crc cnox1a kap1nna Me1on nokasa nnxnne1o na nkona1a
(kap1nna1a) sa orononn1. C nex oane Me1on orpna napnr-
packnx nop krx nkonononn11a, a ne rrapcknx krx xpnc1nxn-
c1no1o, samo1o, kak1o noconnxxe, rrapn1e xxa nkonononn1a-
1en, sa koe1o ce npecenaxa o1 rrpnn1e. Me1on nxxame sa
ne a nokprc1na, a a nokaxe cna1a na nkona1a sa orononn1;
1ona ce o1nacx o Teoopa, a ne o Bopnc. Bepox1no e caxo, ne
nonexe Teoopa npne nkonononn11a na rrapn1e, 1x ce e cn-
xna c Bopnc, n ne Bopnc, sa a nonep1ae 1ona cnxanane, e
npne nxe1o na cnna na Teoopa Mnxan, no 1ona e caxo eno
npenooxenne, samo1o na-c1apn1e cnne1ec1na ne ro no1-
nrpxana1. Bepox1no e, ne n pa1r1 na cn. Konc1an1nn noco
e nse no 1osn nannn nxe1o na napnrpacknx Me1on, no n 1o-
na e npenooxenne.
Crmn1e 1esn nnsan1nckn nc1opnnn nnma1, ne kora1o Bo-
pnc ce naynn, ne xena ynpanxna nxnepnx1a, koe1o e no npes
842 r., 1o nenara cromn na Teoopa, ne pasnax xnpnn1e
oronopn (ckmnenn o1 Oxyp1ar c nnsan1ncknx nxnepa1op) n
ncka a n oxnn nona. Ha 1ona Teoopa xy o1ronopna, ne 1x
xpapo me ce samn1ana n ako n x noen, 1o n noen xe-
na, a ne xrx. Tesn Teoopnnn yxn cxnpnn Bopnc; 1o ce yn-
amn o1 Teoopa, n sa a ne ro nanane, pemn a ce nokprc-
1n. H 1ona ca npnkaskn, samo1o Teoopa ne cxnpn Bopnc c 1o-
na, ne ro sanamn c nona, a c 1ona, ne xy o1c1rnn sexx1a xex-
y 3aropa n ee1. A samo e ncka Bopnc 1asn sexx? 3amo1o
1x ce nacexname o1 rrapn, a Bopnc cn e noc1ann sa ne a
ocnoon rrapn1e o1 rrpnn1e ne caxo n nrpkonno, no n n no-
n1nnecko o1nomenne.
O1 no-nooxn1enn1e ak1n nne oane noynanaxe pyra
kap1nna na 1esn crn1nx. Taka nanpnxep Xaxap1o (c1p. 728)
nnme, ne rrapn1e n Tpaknx n Makeonnx npanen nnesannn na-
naennx. Tona e nakapao Teoopa a o1c1rnn na Bopnc sexx, a
ne, ne Bopnc n nokprc1en o1 1pnronmnnx n cnn Mnxan.
3aronnx n ce n 1osn npoex, nne pasnpaxe, ne cn-
xenne1o xexy rrapn n rrpnn, sa koe1o 1yk c1ana yxa, e sa-
nonnao no-pano, npen Teoopa, ome no npexe1o na nxnepa1op
Teon. Kak1o cnoxenaxxe, Teon e n o1nanao nrp npo1nn-
nnk na nkonononn1a1en1e. Krx kpax na xnno1a cn 1o ce cn-
xn c Me1on. Torana xoxe n e sanonnao n cnxanane1o c
rrapn1e. Hpeceenn1e nopan rprnkn1e npecenannx o1 Kpyx
111
1paknnn, nn xakeonnn, ka1o nyn, ne 1exnn1e pa1x n Tpaknx
n Makeonnx ce nanra1, nsxnnn xeanne a ce nrpna1 n o1enec-
1no1o cn. Xaxap1o nnme, ne no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Teon,
npenon1e na 1esn xakeonnn, n nspan Kopn. To oane
npea ynpanenne1o na xakeonnn1e o1nr ynan na cnox xpa-
rp cnn Bapan (nnc1o rrapcko nxe) n o1nmr npn nxnepa1op
Teon a ncka noxom o1 nero. Teon xy nsnpa1n kopan a
nsexa1 xakeonnn1e n a rn okapa1 n rpaa (Coyn?). Brrapc-
kn rocnoap (na ynan) no onona npexe n Banxnp, Kpyxon
no1oxrk n ama na Cnxeon. Hapor1 pemn a ce nscen c xe-
nn1e n ena1a n Poxannx. H ,kora1o rrapnnr1 Mnxan, ko1o
ce naxnpame n Coyn, nsese (o1 Coyn), sanonnaxa a npexnna-
na1 ynana c ncnnko mo nxaxa
121)
. Cera nrk nepox1no e nxao
pasnpa1ec1no xexy rrapn1e n Makeonnx n Hapnrpa.
Ce 1ona Xaxap1o nnme, ne xakeonnn1e nxan na ynan
pasnpn c rrapn-xynn, ynrpn (ynorypn), 1ypkn (1opann, kak1o n
nec ce napnna1 xn1en1e na sana o1 Hckrp), kon1o nrsnpenx1-
c1nan npecenane1o nx, oane xakeonnn1e rn o1rcnan. Ho-
nexe 1esn xynn ce noxnnn nak na cenamnx en, 1orana nsnrk-
na xanx1 xakeonen Hrn, ko1o c1ana noc1pa1er (nono-
noa), o1rcna xynn1e, ce koe1o xakeonnn1e ce sanrpnan
n o1enec1no1o cn.
Box ce kasna, ne xakeonnn1e nsen a npexnnana1 ynan,
kora1o rrapnnr1 Mnxan nsxsr o1 Coyn, xnno e, ne 1ona
nnxenne e c1anao no enn om nan, crc1anen o1 nap Mnxan.
Brrapnnr1 Mnxan e naee Coyn, kora1o na ynan e knxsy-
na Banxnp, ama1a na Cnxeon.
Tona cnne1ec1no e nsnrnpeno naxno, samo1o o1 nero na-
ynanaxe, ne onx nap Mnxan, ko1o nsnpa1n coynnann1e Konc-
1an1nn n Me1on a npocnemana1 kosapn1e n nanonckn1e ca-
nxnn, e n rrapnn, rrapckn nap, n e pesnnpa n Coyn, n
ome no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Teon. Krx 1ona cnne1ec1no
neka npnannx n onona, koe1o ce kasna n Mako1o xn1ne na cn.
Knxen1 Oxpnckn. A 1o e, ne knxsr1 na rrapn1e Bopnc n
nononn nrspaxane1o cn npes kprmene, a ce nero neronnx1
cnn Mnxan, ko1o nprn e napenen nap (nxnepa1op, nacnenc)
na rrapn1e, npes npexe na ynpanenne1o cn yen rrapn1e
a xnnex1 cnope onnan1e na xpnc1nxnn1e.
O1 1ona nrk cnne1ec1no nnxaxe, ne coyncknx1 rrapc-
kn nap Mnxan ne e n caxnx1 Bopnc, no c pyro nxe, a Bopn-
con cnn, xakap ne Konc1an1nn Hopnporene1 (Boncko1o ns.
112
III.
154)
ro napnna Mnxan-Bopnc. Honexe 1osn Mnxan e xnnee
no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Teon, 1orana nrk n npen Teon e
xnnx n Bopnc. Brpxy 1osn nrnpoc nne 1yk ne xoxex a ce cnn-
paxe, me cnoxenex caxo, ne kora1o na ynan e knxsyna Kpyxo-
nnx1 no1oxrk Banxnp, 1orana n Coyn rocnoc1name Mnxan.
A 1ona nokasna, ne omnpna1a no onona npexe rrapcka sexx e
nxaa pasnn rocnoapn. Kak a ce pasnpa 1ona?
nec npn nannne1o na xeesnnnn, 1eerpan, 1eeonn n
np., eno nne xoxe a ynpanxna c1o1nnn xnnonn xopa. Hx-
kora ne e no 1aka. Torana ncxka oac1 n ncxko nexe e nxa-
o cno rocnoap. Ioexn1e rpxann ce crsaoxa noce, ka1o
rocnoapn1e na o1enn1e nexena xxa npnnyenn a npnsna-
x1 npenxymec1no1o na enn o1 cnon1e crnaponnnn. Tr e n-
o n n Brrapnx. H n Brrapnx o1enn1e nexena ca nomnan
noxexy cn. Oxyp1ar, nanpnxep, ko1o rocnoc1name na y-
nan, nonnca 1pnece1ronmen xnp c nxnepa1op Mnxan n a-
xe xy npeoxn ycyrn1e cn npo1nn 1paknena Toxa, ko1o na-
neo na 1paknnn n xakeonnn ce e nnrna cpemy Mnxan,
samo1o ne ncka a cnpe npecenane1o na cne1n1e nkonn. Ce-
ra nrk naneo na crmn1e sac1ana coyncknx1 Mnxan. na1a
rrapckn xa ne ca cenan nnponex crma1a non1nka.
Kpyx eme npecen eno npexe nsnec1en po xakeonnn o1-
nr ynan. Tesn xakeonnn nckan cera a ce nrpna1 n o1enec-
1no1o cn, no no1oxrkr1 na Kpyx, Banxnp, ne e ncka a rn
nycne oponono n o11yk npennpnx1a xexy xakeonnn1e n
rrapn1e na ynan. H cera, kak1o nnnarn, ca onncann npenx-
no ea1a na xakeonnn1e nn nnpnnn1e, kon1o nrnx1 c1pa-
nnnn1e na rrapcka1a nc1opnx.
Honexe Mnxan naeeme Coyn ome no npexe1o na Teo-
n, erena1a, ne 1o e noynn nxe1o cn o1 cnna xy Mnxan
III, ce nnxa nenepox1na. Tona ce nocnna o1 ak1a, ne crnpe-
xennnnn1e xy, kaknn1o ca na1pnapx o1n, Anac1acn Bnno-
1ekapx1, nrk n apxnennckon Teonak1, ca nxan pao1a caxo c
rrapcknx nap Mnxan. Hxe1o Bopnc, kak1o me nnnx no-na1a-
1rk, ne ca cnoxenanan.
Tyk neka a cnoxenex ome, ne noc1pa1err1 Hrn, ko1o nrp-
na xakeonnn1e n o1enec1no1o nx n n Coyn npn rrapcknx nap
Mnxan, e ama1a na Knpn n Me1on. Tosn ak1 e xnoro na-
xen, samo1o o1 nero ce nnxa, ne Knpn n Me1on ca xakeon-
ckn rrapn, a ne rrpnn. He 1e, ka1o poenn n Coyn, ko1o ce
naeeme o1 rrapnna Mnxan, ca nn xopa na rrapcknx
113
nap, a ne na rprnknx nxnepa1op, kak1o 1nrpx1 nxkon, kon1o ne
ca npoynnan 1esn pao1n.
Brrapn1e, ce ka1o cn nsexa ee1 n pyrn rrapckn
rpaone, ce saonnxa sa ky1ypna enoc1.
3a a ce nnrne xopar1 na napoa, e 1pxnao a ce nrsc1a-
nonn sananaa1a rrapcka nrpkna. Ka1o kasnaxe rrapcka
nrpkna, pasnpaxe nrpkna1a na 1pakonnpnnn1e, nrpkna1a na
Encenn, Vna n p. 3a enoc11a na Mnxan n 1ona o1nome-
nne apxnennckon Teonak1 nnme ceno1o: Tnxo1e, Koxasn,
E1nxasn, Encenn n Teoop nanycnaxa Hnkex (ce cnnoa n
325 r.) n ce nrpnaxa n o1enec1no1o cn n Coyn. Ce 1ona nanyc-
naxa n Coyn n o1noxa n Tnepnyno, ko1o ce naxnpame na ce-
nep o1 Coyn. Tnxo1e c1ana ennckon na Tnepnyno. Tesn cne-
1nn, kon1o o1anna nn yxpen, ce noxnnn no npexe1o na r-
rapcknx nap Mnxan na xxc1o1o, kre1o nn norpeann n npa-
nnn nyeca. Box 1ona c1nrnao o ymn1e na rrapcknx nap
Mnxan, 1o sanonxa a nx ce nsnrne xpax n Bperannmka1a
ennckonnx n 1ax a ce noc1anx1 xomn1e nx. C 1asn pao1a n
na1onapen aroponnx1 rrapnn Tapnnna, Tnrpnna. 3a 1osn
oxn xpax e onpeeeno o1eno yxonenc1no, koe1o e oyne-
no a cann Bora (a cyxn nnnarn (caxo) na rrapckn
122)
.
Mnoro ce kasna n 1yk cnoxena1o1o.
O1 nero ce pasnpa, ne Mnxan e n npenxno xakeonckn
nap. Ha-naxno1o oane, koe1o nne naynanaxe o1 ropnn1e yxn,
e ne Mnxan e n rrapckn na1pno1, ko1o e ncka a ocnoo-
n rrapn1e o1 rprnko nnxnne. 3a a nonnrne yxa na rrap-
cka1a napona nrpkna, 1o crpa xomn1e na Tnxo1e, ko1o e
enn o1 nrpnn1e npononennnn na xpnc1nxnc1no1o n Makeonnx,
kak1o n 1esn na Encenn n Teoop, kon1o ce cnn1a1 sa ocnona1e-
n na 1pakonnpncka1a, nn rrapcka1a nrpkna. Honexe rrp-
nn1e ca cnn1an 1esn cne1nn sa epe1nnn, ak1r1 nokasna, ne Mn-
xan norpxa 1pakncka1a nrpkna n e c1ox n onosnnnx krx
rprnka1a. Onosnnnx1a xy ce nspasxna n n 1ona, ne ce ka1o noc-
1pon xpax na cne1n1e xopa, cnn1ann o1 rrpnn1e sa epe1nnn, 1o
napen a ce cyxn n nero caxo na rrapckn, a ne n na rprnkn,
kak1o e c1anao o1orana. Tr ka1o 1asn Mnxanona enoc1 sa-
nonna ome o1 npexe1o na nxnepa1op Teon, 1x onponeprana e-
rena1a, ne Mnxan o 865 r. e n esnnnnk, n ne 1orana ca ro
nokprc1nn nxnepa1pnna Teoopa n cnnr1 n Mnxan.
Hopan cnox1a ky1ypna enoc1 na Bperannna 1o noynn
1n1a1a nap.
114
B eno c1aporrapcko cromenne ce kasna, ne crmnx1 nap
(Mnxan) n noc1pon nrpknn ns rrapckn1e sexn ,n na pene
Bperannnn n 1y npnex napc1no
123)
.
Xpaxr1 na Bperannna ce noc1pon o1 aroponnx rrapnn
Tapnnna, nn Tnrpnna, ko1o nrnee n nero rrapcknx esnk.
B canxnckn1e erenn oane 1osn Tnrpnna ce napnna Konc1an-
1nn. Honexe canxncko1o nn rrapcko1o 1nrpnna na a1nnc-
kn ce kasna konc1annnx, nxe1o Tnrpnna e npeneeno na a1nn-
ckn ka1o Konc1an1nn.
He Tnrpnna e napenen Konc1an1nn, ce nnxa n o1 Vcnenne-
1o na cn. Knpn, n koe1o sa nkonoopcknx napnrpackn na1pnapx
Hoan, koro1o Teoopa saxec1n c okonononn1a1ex Me1on, ce
kasna ceno1o:
,Beme 1orana Hapnrpackn na1pnapx Hoan, ko1o e nrsnr-
na epec, ka1o xyeme cne1n1e nkonn, n sa1ona ne cnaen o1
cne1nx crop. Hpn nero oe nocor1 Konc1an1nn, nocpaxn
n nonpann sonec1nna1a xy epec. Honp 1ona o1ne n Bperann-
na, kre1o npnomn nxkon o1 canxnn1e krx xpnc1nxnc1no1o.
Kprc1n rn n rn npnnee n npanocanna1a nxpa. Hannca nx n knn-
rn na canxnckn esnk n np.
124)
Tyk Tnrpnna e napenen noco Konc1an1nn, samo1o
Tnrpnna, no noprka na rrapcknx nap Mnxan, ne caxo ne nr-
nee rrapcknx (canxncknx) esnk ka1o nrpkonen esnk xexy
xn1en1e n onna1a na Bperannna, no noc1pon n xpax 1ax, sa
a npnnee perannnann krx xpnc1nxnc1no1o. Ho nonexe Tnrp-
nna, koro1o nne o1cera me napnnaxe Konc1an1nn, e poen n
Coyn, ko1o o1 cneymmn1e ce cnn1ame sa rprnkn rpa, n none-
xe 1o e nonek na nap Mnxan, koe1o nxe noceme n napnrpac-
knx1 nxnepa1op no onona npexe, necneymmn1e 1esn ak1n ka-
saxa, ne Konc1an1nn e n rprk n e ec1na no noya1a na na-
pnrpacknx nxnepa1op.
3a a ce sacnn sanonna1o1o eo, 1pxname n a ce naxepn
nona asyka. Hsnaxepena1a o1 Vna raronna eme xnoro
1pyna sa nsynanane. Hon1n ncekn o1 nac e sanosna1 c raronna-
1a, oane, ocnen noosn1e, xannna ca onesn, kon1o nxa xor-
n a npone1a1 enn raronneckn 1ekc1. Tx e 1pyna sa nsynana-
ne n 1pyna sa nncane, sa1ona ne e xora a xnane rok kopen.
Ocnen 1ona 1x ce oxnn o1 rrpnn n pnxxnn ome npn noxnxnane-
1o cn sa epe1nnecko nncxo. 3a a npexaxne 1esn neyoc1na n a
cnxn rrapcko1o nncxo c rprnko1o n a1nncko1o, Konc1an-
1nn nsnaxepn pyrn nncxena. Ho-1onno 1o ne nsnaxepn xnoro,
115
a nse rprnkn1e n a1nnckn1e yknn o1 onona npexe, ka1o npna-
nn krx 1xx caxo eesn sa snykone1e, kon1o ne ce naxnpa1 n
rprnknx n a1nncknx esnk.
C 1asn asyka 1o nannca pasnn orocyxenn knnrn, enan-
rene1o oane 1o ne e npene; 1o e npeneeno o1 Vna.
Brpxy 1asn 1exa 1yk ne xoxex a ce npoc1npaxe. Be kaxex
caxo, ne n axa1nncko Xrpna1cko, koe1o e sae1o o1 ro1n, kon-
1o nec ca xrpna1n, n cera ce yno1pexna raronna1a ka1o cne-
meno nncxo: eno okasa1ec1no, ne ro1n1e ca nncan c raron-
na, kox1o ce napnna n ro1nna.
Ocnen 1ona 1pxna a kaxex, ne Vna n neronn1e npnn-
xenn ec1naxa npenxno n Mnsnx n Ckn1nx, a Krosanana
Brrapnx cao e okocna1a o1 nerona1a enoc1. A n xako1o
Xn1ne na cn. Knxen1 ce kasna, ne Knxen1 n saynn nncxo-
1o, koe1o Knpn npepao1n c noxom1a na Bora sa 1ykamnnx
(xakeoncknx) rrapckn naek1.
O1 1ona ce pasnpa, ne npen Konc1an1nn e nxao n pyro
rrapcko nncxo, koe1o ce okasao nerono sa xakeoncknx n-
aek1, 1a Knpn ro e npepao1n n pyro. Tnrpe e nepox1no, ne
Konc1an1nn ae nona opxa na Vnona1a asyka n sa1ona, sa-
mo1o xakeonckn1e n 1paknckn1e rrapn ne ca ce naxnpan
no onona npexe n ennoxncne c ynanckn1e rrapn, kon1o x-
xa npnx1en na rrpnn1e n c kon1o xakeonnn1e 1pxname a no-
mna1, sa a ce nrpna1 n o1enec1no1o cn n a sanonna1 onasn ky-
1ypna pao1a, kox1o nsnrpmnxa. Onosnnnx1a nx npo1nn ynanc-
kn1e rrapn rn nakapa a aa1 n nona opxa na Vnona1a
asyka, kox1o ce nsnosname n sexn1e nokpa ynan.
Kora1o kosapn1e (nemnn1e ykpannnn) n ropnonanonnn1e ce
naynnn sa 1ona, 1e ce orpnan c xoa o nap Mnxan a nx
nsnpa1n nxko ynen nonek, ko1o a nanpann n y 1xx crmo1o. Hap
Mnxan nx nsnpa1n crmnx Konc1an1nn noco. Taka ce pas-
npoc1pann rrapcko1o nncxo n xexy pyrn1e ckn1ckn nn
canxnckn napon.
2. Hexennnnxa na nana Hnkoan
3anonnao1o nrspaxane na nnpnckn1e rrapn ne oc1a-
nao ckpn1o o1 nnnxanne1o na pnxcknx nana. Bnxakn, ne r-
rapn1e ce o1ex1 o1 rrpnn1e n opxnpa1 cnox rrapcka nrpk-
na, sa a nsnosna 1osn cyna, nana1a saxncn a pasmnpn nn-
xnne1o cn nrpxy Hnpncka Brrapnx n a nrsc1anonn nooxe-
116
nne1o, koe1o crmec1nyname npen crsanane1o na Oxpncka1a
apxnennckonnx Hrpna Kc1nnnana. 3a1ona nana Hnkoa nannca
n 860 r. o nap Mnxan, ko1o e sae Coyn n oc1anaa1a Hn-
pnx, ceno1o nncxo:
,o nxnepa1op Mnxan.
Hyxno e nponee sa Bame1o nxnepa1opcko canno eo, koe-
1o, kak1o ce naynanaxe, xnno ce npoxnxna nrn ncnnko opo sa
nrpkna1a, a aronon1e a ce nrsc1anonn nrn Bame npexe c1a-
pnx1 onna, samo1o npo1nn cyxa1a, kox1o name1o ceanme
nsnrpmname nrn namn1e nponnnnnn nocpec1nox ennckonn, a
nxenno nocpec1nox coyncknx, ko1o nsnrnxname cyxa1a
na Pnxcko1o ceanme n C1apnx Ennp, Honnx Ennp, ocnen 1ona
n Hnpnkyx, Makeonnx, Tecanx, Axax, Bperona aknx, Cpen-
sexna aknx, Mnsnx, apannx, Hpenaa, kre1o na cn. He1rp,
nrpnenena na anoc1on1e, nnko ne n noxncn a npo1nnope-
nn: kon1o (nponnnnnn) no npexe1o na namn1e npemec1nennnn,
cne1n1e nrpnocnemennnn axas, Cnpnnn, Hnonen1n, Bonna-
nn, Heec1nn, Cnkc1, Hrn, Xnapn, Cnxnnnn, enkc n
Xopxns nnaxa nonoxarann crc cne1n napexannx.
125)
Hrpno1o nemo, koe1o nne naynanaxe o1 1ona nncxo, e, ne
rrapcknx1 nap Mnxan e n xpnc1nxnnn npen 860 r., kak1o
ce cxx1a cera.
B1opo1o e, ne ce kacae sa nponnnnnn1e, sa kon1o Kc1nnnan
crsae rrapcka1a apxnennckonnx Hrpna Kc1nnnana; npo-
nnnnnn1e, kon1o Kynep n 630 r. ocnoon o1 aapn1e n rn cren-
nn n ena oma Brrapnx.
O1 ocoeno snanenne e, ne nana Hnkoa cnoxenana peox c
pyrn1e npnnaexamn krx Hrpna Kc1nnnana nponnnnnn n
Axax, c koe1o no1nrpxana kasano1o o1 Maaa, ne npenon-
1ec1nann1e o1 Axn xnpxnonnn ce kasnan no nerono npexe
rrapn: Axn no-1onno npenoxame axenn. Hrpna Kc1nnna-
na, kak1o noconnxxe, ce e npoc1npaa na mr o Kopnn1cknx
nponak. 3a 1asn sexx npe1ennpa cera nana Hnkoa, a ne sa
Mnsnx n Ckn1nx. Honexe 1o npe1ennpame sa sexx1a na onx na-
po, nrpxy ko1o pnxckn1e nann, ka1o sanonnex o1 axas o
Xopxns, ca ynpaxnxnan nsnec1no nnxnne, 1o npe1ennpame
sa Hnpncka Brrapnx, samo1o nrpxy nex ca ynpaxnxnan pnx-
ckn1e nann 1ona nnxnne. C 1ona 1o ce nrpna nrpxy cnopone1e
o1 ne1nrp1n n mec1n nek, o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne 1o cnn1ame
rrapcka1a nrpkna sa 1pakonnpncka nrpkna. Hosnakn ce o1
naoxnoc11a n npnxnpenne1o na nap Mnxan, ko1o ce c1pexe-
117
me a nrspon napona1a nrpkna na noconenn1e nponnnnnn, 1o
noncka a ce nrsc1anonn onnax1 o1npen crsanane1o na r-
rapcka1a apxnennckonnx, kox1o 1o ne cnoxena, a 1ona snaneme:
Hnpncka Brrapnx o1nono a ce nonnnn nrpkonno na Pnx.
3. Haxnax doxnn n +rackaxa n+kna
Iopno1o nncxo na nana Hnkoa nepox1no osaanno nap
Mnxan, 1a, 1rpcekn nc1nna1a, 1o ce orpna sa crne1 krx
na1pnapx o1n. O1 o1ronopa na na1pnapxa ce nnxa, ne Mnxa-
n e ncka a ce ocne1n o1 nero nrpxy orxa1a na nxpa1a, no-
nexe Mnxan ce c1pexeme a ce c1nrne o eno pasnpa1ec1-
no n 1ona o1nomenne. B o1ronopa cn o1n xy nsara nrsren-
1e cn no 1asn 1exa, no nne me sanonnex c o1neno1o okprxno
o apxnennckonn1e na ns1onnn1e nrpknn, koe1o 1o nannca ne
ronnn ce nrpno1o cn nncxo o nap Mnxan, ce ka1o ce
yen, ne ackn1e xy ne ce ynennaxa n nxxa a ce ynennax1 c yc-
nex. 3anonnaxe c 1ona nncxo, samo1o o1 nero no-xcno ce nnx-
a, ne o1n e cnn1a rrapn1e sa c1apn 1pakonnpnnn n
c1apn xpnc1nxnn. To nannca 1ona okprxno a okaxe na ns-
1onnn1e na1pnapcn, ne rrapn1e ca nn epe1nnn, n c 1ona a
nanpann nponarana npo1nn crxnnxnane1o na rrapcka1a na-
pona nrpkna.
Ce ka1o nspoxna pasnn1e epe1nnn, o1n kasna:
,Ho n rrapcknx1 napnapckn n Xpnc1anenannxam napo
o 1okona ce nakonn krx kpo1oc1 n oronosnanne, ne ce ka-
1o ce o1kasaxa o1 amnnckn1e cn orone n cnemenn ec1nnx, n
ce o1rpcnxa o1 enncko1o cyenepne, npenecoxa ce sa ynynane nrn
nxpa1a na xpnc1nxnn1e.
126)
Tesn yxn o1 o1neno1o okprxno ce npnnexa1 ka1o oka-
sa1ec1no, ne rrapn1e ca ce nn nokprc1nn no npexe1o na
o1n n o1 o1n, pasnpa ce.
Hponycka ce oane kasano1o o1 o1n, ne rrapn1e nn
nanycnan enncko1o cyenepne, sa a npnexa1 nxpa1a na xpnc1n-
xnn1e. 3amo rrapn1e a nanycka1 enncko1o cyenepne? Han
1e ca 1ypnn? Vnenn xopa, ka1o 3a1apckn, Hnkon n p., 1n1yyna1
Bopnc xan, cnn1a1 ro sa xonroen. 3amo 1osn xonroen a na-
nycka enncko1o, a ne xonrocko1o nn none canxncko1o cyene-
pne? 3amo1o o1n e cnn1a rrapn1e sa c1apn 1pakonnpn-
nn, kon1o ome ce npnrpxan sa c1aporprnka1a xrpoc1. Tona e
cnrnnkaxrkr1 n nxa1a cnc1exa. Ena xaka ynnnna n rnna1a
118
npnnnnxna ns1nnane1o na nxa1a 1ennoc1. Ho neka nporxnx.
o1n no-na1a1rk kasna:
,Hxxame ome ne ronnn, o1kak 1ox napo nonn1ame npana-
1a nxpa na xpnc1nxnn1e (o1nacx ce sa nncano1o npen ne ron-
nn o1 Mnxan nncxo o o1n -.a.), n nsnrknaxa esoxnn n o1-
npa1n1enn xrxe (a ro pasnpamana1). xrxe, nsnrknan ns
1rxnnna1a, samo1o xxa poxa na sanana1a nac1 (na Bnsan-
1ncka1a nxnepnx .a.).
Hrpno1o npeoxenne o1 1yk npnneeno1o ce npann o1 xn1-
ponon1 Cnxeon 1aka:
,Hxxame ome ne ronnn, o1kak 1ox napo eme sanonna
a nonn1a xpnc1nxncka1a nxpa, o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne cera
rrapcknx1 napo ce n nokprc1n, oka1o o1n kasna: ,O1-
kak e saxnana a nonn1a npana1a nxpa na xpnc1nxnn1e, o1 ko-
e1o nrk ce pasnpa, ne rrapcknx1 napo e n xpnc1nxnckn, no
ne e nonn1a npana1a, nn npanocanna1a nxpa na xpnc1nxnn1e.
Ho nonexe npen ne ronnn nap Mnxan ce e orpna krx o-
1n sa oxcnenne na nxkon orxa1nneckn nrnpocn, o1n kasna,
ne 1orana rrapn1e ce nn orpnan krx npana1a nxpa na
xpnc1nxnn1e, 1.e. na rrpnn1e.
A noceno1o xn1ponon1 Cnxeon npenexa 1aka: ,3amo1o
nn poxa na sanann1e c1pann
127)
, c koe1o ce npec1anx ka1o
ne n kasann1e ennckonn ca nn omn o1 nxkaknn cn sanann
c1pann, nanpnxep H1anx, Iepxannx n np., kora1o o1n kasna,
ne nn poxa na sanana1a nac1 (na Bnsan1ncka1a nxnepnx),
o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne 1o cnopn c xopa, kon1o ca xnneen n sa-
nana1a nac1 na Hs1onna1a pnxcka nxnepnx, nn n cnoxena1n1e
no-rope o1 nana Hnkoa nponnnnnn.
Ho-na1a1rk o1n kasna, ne 1esn xopa, kon1o napnnan cee
cn ennckonn, kapan xopa1a a noc1x1 n n cro1a, n nponne ,es-
oxnx, ka1o npn 1ona ,pascenan cexena1a na naxnpama1a ce
y 1xx Manecona nnna.
Brrapn1e, kon1o o1n osnanana ka1o esoxnnnn, kon1o
ce npnrpxan krx enncko1o cyenepne, ca nn xannxen, nn
oroxnn. Brrapcko1o xannxec1no e kpn1nkyna o1n.
Mannxec1no1o ce ocnonana na nxpa1a na c1apn1e 1pakn. C1a-
pn1e 1paknnn ca nxan enn noco na nxe 3axokc. Tosn
3axokc e n ynennk na rprnknx noco Hn1arop (507 502 r.
np.Xp.). Xon e n Ernne1, kre1o ce sanosna n c ernne1cka1a
xrpoc1. Ce sanprmane1o cn o1 Ernne1 e n cnemennk na no-
nn1ano1o o1 1paknnn1e oxec1no: na-ce1ne cax n oxnen sa
119
or. Herona1a noconx nrsnn1aa re1n1e n nokopnoc1 n rn ns-
nncna n npanc1neno o1nomenne. Ha nerono1o ynenne ce rxao
nskopenxnane1o na osx1a y re1n1e, sa a ne ce onnna1. Tona yne-
nne nporxn n xpnc1nxncko npexe ckn1r1 (rrapnnr1) Capa-
knn, ko1o crmo 1r xnnx nsnec1no npexe n Ernne1. To cxecn
ynenne1o na Exneokr n Hn1arop c xpnc1nxnc1no1o n ynn, ne
nxa ne ec1ec1na: opo n so. Ce nerona1a cxrp1 xena1a, npn
kox1o xnnee, aa knnrn1e xy na nxko cn Kypnk. Hocennx1
o1nmr n Hepcnx n ce napekr Manec. Ha nerono1o nxe ynenne-
1o na ckn1a Capaknn ce e napeko xanaxec1no
128)
.
Honexe Capaknnono1o ynenne ce ocnonaname na rprnkn1e
nocon, o1n ro napene enncko cyenepne.
C 1ona o1n nnnpek1no noconn, ne rrapn1e ca c1apn
1pakonnpnnn, samo1o ca ce npnrpxan krx enncko1o cyene-
pne, n ca c1apn xpnc1nxnn, no ne npanocannn.
B Brrapnx e nxao n xannxen, nn oroxnn, oane 1e ca
crc1anxn caxo ena nac1 o1 rrapcknx napo, nn ca caxo
ena cek1a, xnosnnc1no1o o1 napoa oane e no npanocanno.
Hpo1nn oroxnn1e e non opa n nap Mnxan. 3a 1asn
ne 1o noc1pon xpaxa na Bperannna, kre1o nocor1 Kon-
c1an1nn n orpna krx npanocanna1a nxpa nonene o1 ne1npn
xnxn ymn, oane o1n, xeaekn a nonnnn rrapcka1a
nrpkna, napnna n npanocannn1e rrapn epe1nnn nn esox-
nnnn. Besoxne1o na 1esn rrapn no, ne Cn. yx nponsnsa o1
O1na, no ce npeana o1 Cnna na oc1onn1e.
Ako o1n ne e crracen c 1ona ynenne, 1o xoxeme a ka-
xe samo. Oane 1o ro nsonanana n kasna, ne rrapn1e nn
ynnn, ne Cn. yx nponsnsa caxo o1 Cnna. Tr nanpnxep r-
rapn1e nn ynnn:
,O1enr1 e npnnnna na Cnna n yxa; n o1nono Cnnr1 nrk na
yxa.
129)
Ho-na1a1rk 1o no-xcno e nspasn 1ona, koe1o kasna:
,yxr1 nsnsa o1 Cnna? O1kre cn ny 1ona? Iocno nam
kasna: ,yxr1, ko1o o1 O1na nsxoxa, a amn1e na 1ona nono
esoxne kasna1, ne o1 Cnna nsnsa.
Tona e nnc1a kene1a, samo1o rrapn1e ne ca kasnan, ne Cn.
yx nsnsa o1 Cnna, a onnpakn ce na anoc1on1e, ca kasnan, ne
Cn. yx nsnsa o1 O1na, a ce npeana o1 Cnna.* O1 anoc1on1e
nnponex ca nn nsen rrapn1e cnoe1o nepym.
120
___________
* Bnx exnnx na anoc1on1e I, 5 n 8; II, 2; Hyka XXIV, 48-49; Hoan XV, 26 n XX,
22. B.a.
Mako no-na1a1rk o1n kasna, ne ka1o ynnn rrapn1e 1o-
na, 1e oc1nrnan o enncko1o xnorooxne. He Cn. yx nsnsa
o1 O1na, a ce npeana o1 Cnna, no enncko xnorooxne!
Tr, npes noonn consxn, nnsan1ncka1a soa npec1ann
sa esnnnnnn npnrpxamn1e ce sa Xpnc1onn1e yxn rrapn.
Ho na-naxnn sa nac ca cenn1e o1nenn yxn:
,Tona esoxne ca nocxn, saeno c pyrn1e neysakonenn o1
rrapcknx napo, 1axomnn1e ennckonn na xpaka, samo1o 1e ce
napnnaxa ennckonn.
Baxnn ca 1esn o1nenn yxn, samo1o o1 1xx pasnpaxe, ne n
o1n e cnn1a rrapcka1a nrpkna sa ennckonana, 1.e. ka1o 1a-
kana, kox1o ce e ynpanxnaa o1 ennckonn, kak1o noconnxxe nene.
Tesn ennckonn saeno c pyrn1e neysakonenn rrapn nn ynn-
n, ne Cn. yx nsnsa caxo o1 Cnna! 3a a ynnxn rrapn1e, o-
1n noc1anx npanocannn1e n xannxeckn1e, nn oroxnckn1e,
rrapn na panna nora, samo1o no ,pyrn1e neysakonenn r-
rapn 1o e pasnpa xannxen1e. Kak1o n a e, o1 1esn o1nenn
yxn ce nnxa, ne o1n e cnopn c rrapn n c rrapckn ennc-
konn. Irpnn1e nnponex ne ca nokprc1nan rrapn1e, a ca non-
n npnnnnnen cnop nrpxy orxa1a na nxpa1a c 1xx. Iopnn1e o-
1nenn yxn na-kpacnopennno onponeprana1 erena1a, ne r-
rapn1e nn nokprc1enn n 865 r. o1 rrpnn1e.
Mn1ponon1 Cnxeon npenexa ropno1o 1aka:
,Tona nenec1nno ynenne c pyrn ome essakonnx(?) ca nocen
cpe rrapcknx napo ennckonn1e na xpaka n np., o1 koe1o ce
pasnpa, ne nyxn ennckonn ca omn n Brrapnx a cex1 nenec-
1nno ynenne, kora1o o1n cnopn c rrapckn ennckonn. Iprnkn-
x1 1ekc1 osnanana ,c pyrn ome essakonnx, a ne: saeno c ney-
sakonenn1e o1 rrapcknx napo! Mn1ponon1 Cnxeon cnrypno
ce e ynamn, ne ako ce npenee nxpno kasano1o o1 o1n, me ns-
ese, ne rrapn1e no npexe1o na o1n ca nxan cnox nrpkna, c
kox1o o1n e cnopn, 1a sa a samn1n saya1a, ne rrapn1e
o o1n nn esnnnnnn, n ne o1n rn e orpna krx xpnc1n-
xnc1no1o, cxo1oenn no noconennx nannn ropnn1e yxn.
4. Hncuoxo na doxnn o na Mnxan
Kak1o n a e, o1 o1n paspaxxe, ne no onona npexe n Br-
rapnx e nxao na nna xpnc1nxnn: xannxen n 1aknna, kon1o ce
npnrpxan sa Encenneno1o n Vnono1o nepym, ne Cn. yx
nsnsa o1 O1na, a ce npeana o1 Cnna. Honexe rrapcknx1 nap
121
Mnxan noc1pon xpax n nec1 na Tnxo1e, Encenn n np., xnno e,
ne 1o ce e npnrpxa krx 1xxno1o nepym. Makap ne Kc1nnn-
an crsae sa nnpnckn1e rrapn caxoc1ox1ena rrapcka
apxnennckonnx, Hapnrpa nporxaname a cnn1a rrapcka1a
nrpkna sa ennckonana, kak1o nnxaxe o1 nncxo1o na na1pnapx
o1n. Irpnn n pnxxnn npexrnanaxa sa 1asn apxnennckonnx;
sa 1xx 1x ne crmec1nyname. Ocnen 1ona apxnennckonnx1a Hrpna
Kc1nnnana ne oxnamame n ona Mnsnx, n Ckn1nx, kre1o
nrpkna1a cn e oc1anaa ennckonana, n nonexe, kak1o cnoxenax-
xe, rrapn1e nce ome ce npnrpxaxa sa npanno1o, ne yxon-
nnk xoxe a re caxo onx, ko1o nocn rprnko nn a1nncko
nxe, nap Mnxan ce orpna n krx napnrpacknx na1pnapx o-
1n sa noyka n 1ona o1nomenne. Kakno e nnca 1o na o1n, ne
snaex. 3a 1ona cxe npnnyenn a crnx nnnpek1no o1 o1rono-
pa na o1n. B 1osn o1ronop, osaranen: o Mnxan, rocnoapx
na Brrapnx, o1n nsara na Mnxan nc1opnx1a na nceenckn-
1e cropn, sa a xy okaxe kox o1 xpnc1nxnckn1e nrpknn e npa-
nocanna1a. O1 1akona nsoxenne ne n nxao nyxa, ako rrp-
nn1e xxa nokprc1nn rrapn1e, kak1o nxkon 1nrpx1, samo1o
n 1osn cyna rrapn1e c xpnc1nxnc1no1o mxxa a npnexa1 n
nepym1o na rrpnn1e. Box Mnxan ce sanosnana cera c rprnko-
1o nepym, pasnpa ce, ne 1o cera nnsa sa nprn nr1 n o1nome-
nnx c rprnka1a nrpkna, koe1o ce ns1rkna n o1 o1n, samo1o,
ce ka1o xy noconn koe e rprnkono nepym, o1n ce orpna
krx Mnxan crc cenn1e yxn:
,Tona ce o1nacx n o namnx o1 Bora nanpanxex yx, ce
ka1o na-ce1ne ce orpnax1e krx name1o yxonenc1no sa aro-
nec1ne.
Mn1ponon1 Cnxeon, ka1o nsnycka yxa1a knp (yxonenc1-
no), npenexa ropno1o 1r:
,Tona 1pxna a npnexe n onna Bame1o oroxpannxo a-
ropasyxne, ce ka1o ce orpnax1e nene krx name1o aronec-
1ne, o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne Mnxan e npne aronec1ne1o, 1.e.
nxpa1a na rrpnn1e, oka1o o1n kasna, ne Mnxan ce e n
orpna krx rprnko1o yxonenc1no sa noyka nrpxy aronec1ne-
1o, nopan koe1o o1n narro n namnpoko xy kasna, kak a
ec1na, sa a re aronec1nn. 3a npanna n xnno1a, a ne sa
npexnnanane n xpnc1nxnc1no ce orpna Mnxan krx o1n.
Ho-na1a1rk o1n kasna na Mnxan:
,Tn., ko1o cn nsnrpmn pao1a, c kox1o cn ce nsnrna o
eo1o n opasa na Konc1an1nn nenkn, sanasn pasnpane1o cn,
122
pemenne1o (nana) cn n yxa cn, kon1o nxam o1 poxenne, c1o
1nrpo na kaxrka na nxpa1a, na ko1o ope cn sa1exeen o1
Iocnoa.
Tyk o1n ce e noxrnn a noackae rrapcka1a nrpkna,
ka1o kasna, ne rrapcknx1 nap Mnxan n nsnrpmn crma1a
pao1a, kox1o npen nero n nanpann Konc1an1nn Benkn.
Konc1an1nn Benkn npne xpnc1nxnc1no1o o1 Encenn Hnkoxn-
nckn, koro1o rrpnn1e napnna1 epe1nk. Konc1an1nn Benkn
nonoxorna Vna a npenee Cn. nncanne na rrapckn, noc-
1pon nrpknn n Brrapnx n np. Honexe Mnxan cera nrpmn no-
ono nemo, o1n ro cpannxna c Konc1an1nn Benkn, koro1o
rrpnn1e xpasexa, sa1ona crsaena1a o1 Konc1an1nn Hs1onna
pnxcka nxnepnx ne ce napene Konc1an1nnona nn nrk Konc1an-
1nnonocka rpxana, a ce napene Bnsan1nx na nxe1o na cene-
1o, koe1o Konc1an1nn npenrpna n non Pnx n ro napene Konc1an-
1nnono.
Ocnen 1ona o1n ne kasna, ne Mnxan e npne xpnc1nxnc1-
no1o o1 rrpnn1e, a kasna, ne Bor ro n sa1exen n 1asn nxpa,
kox1o 1o cera nsnonxna, n 1o ome n e1nnc1no. Mn1ponon1
Cnxeon n 1yk npeana o1n 1enennnosno, ka1o npenexa o-
1neno1o ,o1 e1nnc1no ka1o ,nrpnonanano, sa a ns1rkne, ne
yx na-nanpe e npne xpnc1nxnc1no1o o1 rrpnn1e, o1 napnna
Teoopa n cnna n Mnxan, 1a a cn sarpxn 1asn nxpa. A o1n
c ropna1a pasa e pasnpa ,o1 e1nnc1no, koe1o no-xcno ce
pasnpa o1 pyro nerono nncxo o Mnxan, koe1o xn1ponon1
Cnxeon e ynekonenn. Tax o1n nskasna na Mnxan crpenna-
1a cn aroapnoc1 sa nncxa1a, kon1o noynana o1 nero. To ce
pana, ne noynana nncxa o1 ,nonek, kakrn1o ennc1neno pr-
ka1a na Iocno n ckyn1ypa (oopxn1ex) (ano nxa1a cpaxx-
ma ce sannc1 a e aen o1 1noe1o ynpanenne) o1 e1nnc1no e
oopxna n kox1o ce saexsna n ceramnnx xy xnno1.
C 1ona o1n kasna, ne Mnxan ome o1 e1nnc1no e n 1a-
krn, kakrn1o e n cera, n ne 1ona, koe1o nap Mnxan e nrpmn, e
no no Boxne nnymenne n npeonpeeenne, a ne no noyka o1
rrpnn1e. Crmo1o ce ns1rkna n o1 Anac1acn Bnno1ekap, ko-
1o nnme, ne 1o nrpmn 1ona ne caxo, samo1o e n noynen o1
enn pnxckn cnemennk, no samo1o e n naynen o1 Bora npes o1-
kponenne
130)
.
Bor n crsa o1 Mnxan ocoen nonek, sa nenkn ea, no-
ono na Konc1an1nn Benkn, ko1o crc cnnknane1o na Hnkec-
knx crop ce noxrnn a o1c1pann pasnoracnx1a xexy nrpkon-
123
nn1e non1en. Crma1a ne nxame npenn n Mnxan, ka1o ce
oprmame 1y krx Hapnrpa, 1y krx Pnx.
Kak1o n a e, Mnxan ce orpna na-noce krx rprnko1o y-
xonenc1no sa crne1, a e n ,sa1exeen o1 Bora n xpnc1nxnc1no-
1o o1 e1nnc1no, 1.e. ome n nanao1o na xnno1a cn, kasna o-
1n. Pao1a1a ne e c1oxa 1r, kak1o x npeana xn1ponon1 Cn-
xeon. Honexe Mnxan rpxeme na cnoe1o, 1orana o1n nann-
ca okprxno1o o ns1onnn1e apxnennckonn npo1nn rrapcka1a
nrpkna, koe1o pasreaxxe no-npen n o1 koe1o ce nnxa, ne o-
1n e cnn1a rrapn1e sa c1apn 1pakonnpnnn n sa c1apn
xpnc1nxnn.
IHABA IV
HAPHIPACKHBT BCEHEHCKH CTBOP
HPE3 869 870 IOHHA
1. B+rackoxo naxennnecxno o nana Hnkoan
Hacka1enn1e yxn na o1n ne xoxaxa a o1konx1 r-
rapcknx nap Mnxan o1 nnymenne1o, koe1o Bor xy e a a o1-
c1pann nyxo1o nnxnne o1 Brrapnx n a sakpenn rrapcka1a
nrpkna. To crsae nrpknn n Makeonnx, n kon1o a ce cyxn
nnnarn na rrapckn. Tnrpnna, nn Konc1an1nn, npenee nx-
kon orocyxenn knnrn na rrapckn, no napor1 ne rn e cnn-
1a sa cne1n, samo1o ne nn aroconenn o1 nxkox nncma nrp-
konna nac1, kakna1o no onona npexe npec1anxname pnxcknx1
nana. 3a1ona 1o nsnpa1n o nana Hnkoa xncnx, n kox1o ca
ynac1nan Konc1an1nn, pa1 xy Me1on n ynennnn1e nx, a
xox1 sa crne1n.
Hrpnnx1 nrnpoc, ko1o nap Mnxan e saa npes 1ona npa-
1ennnec1no, n: kakno a nanpann, sa a ce nokprc1n n oc1ana-
nx1 ome nenokprc1en rrapckn napo
131)
.
Tona ce o1nacx o xannxen1e, nn oroxnn1e. Ena snann-
1ena nac1 o1 rrapcknx napo ce e npnrpxaa krx 1ona yne-
nne, kak1o ce paspa n o1 o1n. Mnxan e ncka a rn npenrp-
ne n nc1nnckn xpnc1nxnn, sa1ona 1o noc1pon nrpknn n Bpera-
nnmka1a oac1, kox1o ce nacexname npenxno o1 xannxen. 3a-
124
1ona ce nsnaxepn n nona asyka n ce nanncaxa knnrn na xakeon-
ckn naek1, no sa a okasna1 nyxno1o nnxnne, 1esn knnrn 1px-
name a ce no1nrpx1 o1 nana1a, sa koe1o e omo rrapcko-
1o npa1ennnec1no.
Hana Hnkoa n nana Apnan nanpannxa 1ona c naexa xo-
xe n, ne no 1osn nannn no-ecno me noc1nrna1 xeana1a o1 1xx
cynpexannx na nnpncka1a nrpkna.
Hxakn npenn 1asn ne, nana Hnkoa sarpxa, no none1-
no, rrapckn1e npa1ennnn (Konc1an1nn n pyrapn1e xy) npn ce-
e cn n Pnx, oka1o ce ocneoxn sa pao1n1e n Brrapnx.
Honexe rrapn1e nckan n cno na1pnapx, nana Hnkoa
sarpxa rrapcka1a xncnx, oka1o ce sanrpna1 nsnpa1enn1e
cera nrk o1 nero sa Brrapnx ennckonn Hane Honyenckn n
opxosa Hop1yenckn saeno c ena nac1 o1 rrapcko1o npa1e-
nnnec1no, sa a yc1anonx1 kakno xnoxec1no xpnc1nxnn nxa n
Brrapnx n kakno e 1xxno1o ennoymne
132)
.
Honexe nr1x1 no cyma (o1 ypano na1a1rk) o caxnx Hapnr-
pa xnnana npes rrapcko1o napc1no, nana Hnkoa nsnpa1n
saeno c xopa1a sa Brrapnx n cnox xncnx sa Hapnrpa, crc1ox-
ma ce o1 ona1 Oc1enckn, Hrn, cnemennk npn pnxcka1a nrpkna,
n Mapnn, xkon npn anoc1ocko1o ceanme, kon1o nn npn-
pyxenn o1 rrapn1e o Hapnrpa. omn1e n Brrapnx no no-
prka na nana Hane n opxosa npean na rrapn1e nxa1a n-
1yprnx (nrpkonna cyxa) na rrapckn esnk
133)
.
Hopan 1ona 1e nn paoc1no npne1n o1 rrapcknx napo
n rrapcknx nap, ko1o sapan 1ona nsronn ncnnkn nyxennn
(nyxn npononennnn) o1 Brrapnx.
O1 1ona cnne1ec1no ce nnxa, ne nana Hnkoa e n no1-
nrpn npeneena1a o1 Konc1an1nn n nrneena1a n yno1pea n
Bperannmka1a nrpkna rrapcka nrpkonna cyxa. Tona e na-
c1apo1o n na-cepnosno1o cnne1ec1no, ne Konc1an1nn e nnca
n cyxn na rrapckn.
Tona nsnrnpeno naxno sa rrapcka1a nc1opnx n n1epa-
1ypa cnne1ec1no ce npeana o1 B. 3a1apckn no cennx na-
nnn: ,n nenx penrnosen ope na xpnc1nxncka1a nxpa nrnen
(?) n yno1pea y rrapn1e, kak1o nn nac1anenn o1 cne1e-
mnx nana
134)
.
Brrapcka nayka!
O1 3a1apckn ce pasnpa, ne rrapn1e nn esnnnnnn, 1a
pnxckn1e ennckonn nrnen cera y 1xx ,nenx penrnosen ope
na xpnc1nxncka1a nxpa, kora1o nana Hnkoa e nsnpa1n noco-
125
nenn1e nannn ne a nokprc1na1 rrapn1e, a a yc1anonx1 a-
n rrapn1e ca 1okona nanpenan n xpnc1nxncko o1nomenne,
ne a nxa1 npano na na1pnapx. Hpnneeno1o cnne1ec1no na
Anac1acn Bnno1ekap, ko1o e nsexa ynac1ne n 1esn crn1nx,
oopna 1esa1a na nanonckn1e cannc1n, ne ,rrpkr1 Knpn n
npane Cn. nncanne no noprka na rprnknx nxnepa1op Mnxan III
sa nanonckn1e canxnn. Tesa1a na nanonckn1e cannc1n nonnna
na no-krcna koxnnannx, sa a ne kaxex amnnkannx.
o1nenn1e yxn, ne rrapcknx1 nap Mnxan ce n nsnr-
na o opasa n ea1a na Konc1an1nn Benkn, n yxn1e na
Anac1acn Bnno1ekap, ne nanckn1e npa1ennnn npean n Br-
rapnx nrpkonna1a cyxa na rrapckn esnk, ce npeana n na-
noncko1o ,Knpnono xn1ne no cennx nannn:
Hap Mnxan nnca na Poc1ncan Hanonckn, ne 1o nsnrp-
mn eo, ,noono nenkoxy napoy Konic1ani1nnoy. ,omi-
imoy (Konc1an1nn noco) iexoy Mopani ci nenkom
nic1nm npie1i iero Pac1ncan, n oynennki cipani niac1i nxi
ynn1n. Bi ckop(r) xe nici npikonnin nnni np(r)oxi.
135)
Pao1n1e na rrapcknx nap Mnxan ca npnnncnann na na-
noncknx knxs Poc1ncan. Bxec1o a ce kaxe, ne o1n nnca
nncxo na rrapcknx nap Mnxan, n koe1o ce kasna, ne Mnxan e
nsnrpmn eo, panno na onona na Konc1an1nn nenkn, 1yk ce
kasna, ne nnsan1ncknx1 nxnepa1op Mnxan n nnca nncxo o
Poc1ncan Hanonckn, ne 1o n nsnrpmn eo, panno na ono-
na na nap Konc1an1nn!
A mox e n nsnrpmn noono eo, kakna nyxa e nxa
1orana o1 nocoa Konc1an1nn?
Bxec1o a ce kaxe, ne pnxckn1e ennckonn npean na rra-
pn1e nenx nrpkonen pe na rrapckn esnk, nopan koe1o 1e n-
n npne1n c roxxa paoc1 n nonec1 n Brrapnx o1 nap Mnxan,
kasna ce, ne Konc1an1nn n npene nrpkonnnx nnn sa Poc1nca-
nonn1e nanonckn canxnn! Ha1nncko1o tradiderunt (npeaoxa) e
npeneeno na canxnckn ka1o ,npnoxnn n o11yk xncr1a, ne
Konc1an1nn n ,npene nrpkonna1a cyxa na nanonckn1e
canxnn, xakap ne ne e c1anao yxa sa npeno na nrpkonna1a
cyxa, kox1o Konc1an1nn e npea na rrapcknx nap Mnxan,
a ne na Poc1ncan.
Bxec1o rrapn, kasna ce nanonckn canxnn.
Tr sanonna nsnesnane1o na rrapcko1o nxe o1 nc1opnx1a.
Onnpakn ce na 1asn amnnkannx, nanonckn1e cannc1n
nsxsoxa c 1nrpenne1o, ne ,rrpkr1 Knpn n npene Cn. nn-
126
canne sa nanonckn1e canxnn n napekoxa Konc1an1nnonnx npe-
no c1apocanxnckn nn nrk nrpkonnocanxnckn, koe1o e nok-
peneno n o1 rrapn.
Krx kasano1o no-rope, ne nr1x1 o caxnx Hapnrpa xnnana
npes rrapcka1a rpxana, neka oannx n ceno1o:
Kora1o nsnpa1enn1e c rrapn1e xopa na nana Hnkoa
c1nrnan o Hapnrpa, rn nocpemna nxko cn Teoop, ko1o
nasn rpannna1a 1ax. To rn nycna a nxsa1 n rpaa nak ce
ka1o nsnrpmn na 1xx pasnn nacnnx; pasnna axe rann1e na
kone1e nx n nx kasa, ne nxnepa1opr1 ncrmnoc1 nxxa nyxa o1
1xx. A kora1o nesn n Hapnrpa, nxnepa1opr1 n kasa na r-
rapckn1e npa1ennnn: ,Ako npa1ennnn1e na anoc1ocko1o cea-
nme ne xxa omn npes Brrapnx, nn1o xoe1o nne, nn1o Pnx
nxa nnen npes xnno1a cn
136)
.
H o1 1ona ce nnxa, ne Brrapnx e onnpaa no onona npexe
o Hapnrpa. 3a a ce o1ne o1 Pnx n Hapnrpa, ne ce xnnana
npes Hpecan, a npes Ennp, Makeonnx n Tpaknx, oane 3a1ap-
ckn ne cromana 1esn ak1n n nnme n cnox1a Hc1opnx, n nep1ae
kap1n, ne rrapn1e no onona npexe ne nn naen n Opnn!
2. Hanracknnx c+o nes 869j870 ronna
Hana Hnkoa n nana Apnan xxa o1nanao xnoro mes-
nn krx rrapn1e. Ha-roxxa1a ycyra, kox1o 1e nx nanpannxa,
eme, ne oopnxa nncann1e na rrapckn knnrn n canknnonnpa-
xa rrapcko1o orocyxenne. Tona 1e nanpannxa, kak1o ce nnx-
a, samo1o c nero nckaxa a ocrmec1nx1 xeanne1o, nskasano n
nncxo1o na nana Hnkoa o1 860 r. o nap Mnxan.
C 1ona nncxo nana Hnkoa nckame o1 nap Mnxan a
npnsnae cynpexannx1a xy na nponnnnnn1e: Honnx n C1apnx
Ennp, Hnpnx, Makeonnx, Tecanx, Axax, Bperona aknx, Cpe-
nsexna aknx (Concko), Mnsnx, apannx n Hpenaa, 1.e.
nponnnnnn1e, sa kon1o Kc1nnnan crsae rrapcka1a apxne-
nnckonnx n Oxpn.
Hyno1o e cera samo npenn na 1asn apxnennckonnx, kox1o
nxame crmn1e npana, kak1o n pnxcknx1 nana, rrapn1e ce o-
prmaxa sa crne1n 1y krx napnrpacknx na1pnapx, 1y krx pnxc-
knx nana. B ; 72 n 73 na o1ronopn1e na nana Hnkoa na rrap-
ckn1e npa1ennnn ce kasna, ne rrapn1e nn1an an xora1 a
nxa1 na1pnapx n ko a ro prkonooxn. Hxame n nyxa o1 1o-
sn nrnpoc, kora1o Kc1nnnan n cnox sakon e kasa, ne xn1pono-
127
n1n1e nsnpa1 apxnennckona, ko1o nxa pannn npana na npana-
1a na pnxcknx nana? Kc1nnnan, ko1o nosnaname nannnoc11a
na cnon1e crnaponnnn, nx kasa ncnnko caxn a cn pemana1 n
nnkora a ne ce crne1na1 crc coyncknx nanka, ko1o eme
rprk n nnkapn na nana1a, a rrapn1e cera ce oprma1 sa crne-
1n 1y krx Hapnrpa, 1y krx Pnx.
Bxxa n 1e sapannn Kc1nnnanonn1e nonen, nn nxkox
pyra npnnnna rn kapame sa 1ona?
Hne xncnx, ne e nxao n pyra npnnnna.
Enn o1 o1ronopn1e na nana Hnkoa racn:
,Bne cnoxenana1e, ne rrpnn1e kasna1, ne n 1xxno1o o1enec1-
no ce paxa xnpo1o, n ne 1o ce pasnacx o1 1xx no nenx cnx1, 1a
ncka1e a snae1e an 1ona e nxpno. Hne oane xncnx, ne nama-
1a xn1poc1 (nn1enren1noc1) nnxa, ne 1ona ne e nxpno (; 94).
Honexe n Irpnnx pac1a1 xacnnonn rpne1a, o1 kon1o ce
noynana xnpo1o, rrpnn1e kasnan na rrapn1e, ne o1 1xxno1o
o1enec1no xnpo1o ce pasnacxo no nenx cnx1. Tona onxkre e
nxpno o1 rena 1onka na npnpoa1a, no ne n o1 rena 1onka na
nrpkna1a. Mnpo1o, koe1o ce yno1pexna n nrpkna1a, sa a nxa
onona cnx1o ec1nne, koe1o xy ce npnana, 1pxna a re a-
roconeno o1 nncma1a nrpkonna nac1. Tasn nncma nrpkonna
nac1 ce crcpeo1onaname sa rrpnn1e n na1pnapxa. To 1pxna
a ro aroconn. Brrapn1e oane, nxec1o a cn kynx1 n Irpnnx
xnpo n nrpkonna1a nx nac1 a ro aroconn, 1e cn nsnxan
aroconeno o1 na1pnapxa xnpo n no 1osn nannn ce noc1anxn
no nerona1a sanncnxoc1, samo1o 1o n nsnec1nn cynan xoxe-
me a o1kaxe aroconnx1a cn. 3a1ona 1e nckan n 1exnnx1 nrp-
konen rana a e na1pnapx, ka1o ne n apxnennckonr1 ne xoxeme
a cnrpmn 1asn pao1a. Brnpekn ncnnko 1ona pasnpa1ec1no ne
xoxa a ce noc1nrne xexy nana1a n nap Mnxan, n 1o no npoc-
1a1a npnnnna, ne nana1a npe1ennpa sa cynpexannx na Hn-
pncka Brrapnx, a rrapcknx1 nap ce c1pexx krx nesanncn-
xa nrpkna n rpxana.
Torana Pnx n Hapnrpa ce cnopasyxen a ce cnnka nceen-
ckn crop n Hapnrpa, ko1o a pemn no Pnx n nn no Ha-
pnrpa a cnaa yxonno Hnpncka Brrapnx.
Ha 1osn crop ce e nona opa xexy pnxcko1o n rprnko-
1o yxonenc1no. Hpe1ennnn1e na pnxcko1o yxonenc1no xxa ns-
pasenn ome n nncxo1o na nana Hnkoa o1 860 r. o nap Mnxa-
n. To npe1ennpao nspoenn1e 1ax nponnnnnn, nn Hnpnc-
ka Brrapnx, a cnaa1 no Pnx, samo1o pnxcko1o ceanme,
128
sanonnakn o1 nana axas o nana Xopxns, nn o crsanane-
1o na Hrpna Kc1nnnana, no nonoxarao 1esn nponnnnnn.
Hpe1ennnn1e xxa neocnona1enn, samo1o Pnxcko1o ceanme,
n a e nonoxarao nponnnnnn1e, 1o e no caxo o crsanane-
1o na nesanncnxa1a rrapcka apxnennckonnx Hrpna Kc1nnna-
na. Tasn caxoc1ox1ena apxnennckonnx ce crsae c oopenne-
1o na nana Bnrnn, 1r ne Pnxcko1o ceanme e no npnsna-
o nena1a nesanncnxoc1 n c 1ona 1o e nsryno npano1o cn na
prkonoarane n noconenn1e nponnnnnn.
B1opa1a npe1ennnx na, ne cnoxena1n1e xncnonepn nn
ynr1nn rrapn1e n npanna1a na nxpa1a (fidei regulam).
Cera ce onakname, ne rprnko1o yxonenc1no me nsese o1
cnox c1pana c noonn, n 1o xnoro no-cnnn onon. Honexe
npanocanna1a canxncka nc1opnorpanx 1nrpn, ne rrapn1e
nn nokprc1enn o1 rrpnn1e, na-xako1o, koe1o ce onakname,
e, ne rrpnn1e me nsxsa1 n me kaxa1: Hne nokprc1nxxe rra-
pn1e n sa1ona 1e 1pxna a ca nn nonnnenn.
Hnmo noono. Te ce xnanaxa sa cky1one1e na non1nka1a, a
sa nxkaknn cnon nrpkonnn npepora1nnn n yxa ne cnoxenaxa. Te
npexnnxa npe1ennnn sa crmn1e nponnnnnn, samo1o 1esn npo-
nnnnnn npen saexane1o nx o1 cenepnn1e rrapn ca cnaan
no Hs1onna1a pnxcka nxnepnx n ne npen rrapn1e a rn sa-
exa1, 1ax e nxao rprnkn cnemennnn.
3. Cnoonexe na c+oa oxnocno nonnnennexo
na +rackaxa n+kna n Hnnn
Tyk me npnneex nxkon nsnakn o1 1esn cnopone:
,Hpec1ann1en1e na ns1onnn1e na1pnapcn kasaxa na rra-
pn1e: ,Kora1o nne saex1e onona o1enec1no (Tecanx, na1a Enn-
pa, apannx n np., 1.e. sexx1a o1 Honncknx sann o Hapnr-
pa, kox1o rrapn1e n nanao1o na Kc1nnnanono1o napynane
saexa) no kox nac1 ce naxnpame 1o: rprnkn nn a1nnckn cne-
mennnn nxame 1o, o1ronope1e?
Brrapckn1e npa1ennnn o1ronopnxa: Hne c oprxne n prka
nsnomnaxxe onona o1enec1no (illam patriam) o1 rprnka nac1, n
koe1o naxepnxxe rprnkn, a ne a1nnckn cnemennnn.
Hpec1ann1en1e na ns1onnn1e na1pnapcn o1ronopnxa: ,Ako
1ax c1e naxepnn rprnkn cnemennnn, xnno e, ne onona o1enec1-
no e cnaao n prkonooxno o1nomenne krx Hapnrpa
(Manifestum est quia ex ordinatione Constantinopoleos illa patria
129
fuit). Hera1n1e na cne1a1a pnxcka nrpkna o1ronopnxa: ,Ho rprn-
kn1e cnemennnn ne 1pxna a crn1e, nonexe pasnnne1o na esn-
nn1e ne nsxenx nrpkonnnx pe, samo1o anoc1ocknx1 npec1o,
ako n a e cax a1nnckn, noc1anxkn, kak1o nnnarn, 1r n cera, n
xnoro xec1a, npenn na c1pana1a, rprnkn cnemennnn, ne xoxe-
me n ne xoxe a 1rpnn orpannnennx.
Bnkapnn1e na ns1onnn1e na1pnapcn kasaxa: ,Makap ne nne
kasax1e, ne prkonoarane1o na rprnkn cnemennnn e no na-
me npano, no ne onona o1enec1no e npnnaexao krx rprn-
ka1a rpxana (Hs1onna1a pnxcka nxnepnx) ne xoxe1e a
o1kaxe1e.
137)
O1 npnneeno1o o1yk ce nnxa, ne rrpnn1e ca npe1ennpa-
n sa noconena1a Brrapnx, samo1o nxkora, npen Hrpna Kc1n-
nnana, e npnnaexaa krx Iprnka1a nxnepnx, kox1o cera ce na-
pnname Hs1onna pnxcka nxnepnx, n samo1o 1orana 1ax e nxao
n rprnkn cnemennnn, a ne samo1o rrpnn1e nn nokprc1nn r-
rapn1e nn nrk, samo1o Brrapnx e cnaaa no prkonoarane-
1o na rrpnn1e. Oane n sa 1ona pnxxnn1e ne nx npnsnanan nn-
kakno npano, ka1o kasnan, ne rrpnn1e 1orana, nn1o axe rprnkn-
1e cnemennnn ca prkonoaran, samo1o 1e nn prkonoarann n
Pnx, n ne rprnka1a nrpkna nxxa npano a ce nen1nnnnpa c
rprnka1a (Hs1onno-pnxcka1a) rpxana.
He rrpnn1e n crmn1e 1esn nponnnnnn ca prkonoaran r-
rapckn cnemennnn, 1ona 1e ne ca kasnan. Ho neka nporxnx:
,Hera1n1e na cne1a1a Pnxcka nrpkna o1ronopnxa: ,Crmo ka-
1o kasnaxe, ne prkonoarane1o n Brrapnx caxo nax npnnae-
xeme, ne rxex, ka1o crmenpexenno crncex ne o1pnnaxe, ne
Brrapnx e npnnaexaa n krx rprnka1a (Hs1onno-pnxcka1a)
nxnepnx, no nne n 1pxnao a nxa1e npenn, ne pyro naa-
ra1 sakonn1e na nrpknn1e n pyro cena o1 eennx1a na napc-
1na1a. Hne ne ce sannxanaxe c eenne1o na nxnepnn1e, a rono-
pnx sa npano1o na nrpknn1e. Hxao e npexe snann, kora1o Br-
rapnx e cnaaa krx Hs1onna1a pnxcka nxnepnx.
Ce 1ona Anac1acn Bnno1ekap nporxana:
Hpec1ann1en1e na ns1onnn1e na1pnapcn kasaxa: ,Honexe
kasaxxe, ne Brrapnx, nanpo1nn, caxo krx nac e cnaaa, nckaxe
a pasepex 1ona. Hera1n1e na cne1a1a Pnxcka nrpkna o1rono-
pnxa: ,Anoc1ocko1o ceanme, koe1o nx1e xorn a naynn1e n
o1 ekpe1ann1e na cne1n1e pnxckn nrpnocnemennnn, e npn1e-
xanao n c1apo npexe n kanonnneckn prkonoarao na1a Ennpa
Honnx n C1apnx, nxa Tecanx n apannx, nne1o o1enec1no
130
cera no nxe1o na 1esn rrapn ce kasna Brrapnx. H npes 1ona
prkonoarane, koe1o no npexe na naxynane1o na noranckn1e
rrapn 1o nsoc1ann, ne cn rn nrpna caxo o1 Hapnrpacka1a
nrpkna, kak1o ce xncn, a rn noynn o1nono o1 caxn1e 1xx, ka1o
rn nanpann xpnc1nxnn. (C nsnpamane1o na Hane n opxosa n
Brrapnx.)
Zcno ce kasna n 1yk, ne anoc1ocko1o ceanme n c1apo npe-
xe, 1.e. nrn npexe1o xexy nana axas n nana Xopxns, a ne ce-
ra no prkonoarao n Brrapnx. To nsryn 1ona prkonoarane
no npexe1o na nana Xopxns, kora1o rrapn1e o1 Cenepna Br-
rapnx naxyxa n npncrennnxa cnoxena1n1e nponnnnnn krx oc-
1anaa Brrapnx.
Honexe anoc1ocko1o ceanme cera eme nsnpa1no npo-
nonennnn n Brrapnx, 1o kasna, ne cera npes 1esn npononenn-
nn no nrpnao rrapn1e krx cnox1a nrpkna. Ce 1ona Anac-
1acn kasna: ,B1opo, nonexe rrapn1e, kon1o nrs ocnona na
npano1o na cpoc1nenoc11a crennnxa cnoe1o o1enec1no n npes
nxo1o npexe o11orana ocera sarpxaxa onona, koe1o xxa sae-
n. Hxkora snann rrapn1e nn saen 1esn nponnnnnn, a ne no
npexe1o na Cnxeon.
Ce 1ona Anac1acn kasna, ne o1nmn1e cera n Brrapnx
pnxckn xncnonepn Hane, oxnnnk, Heonap, opxosa n Ipn-
xoa c roxx 1py nn o1konnn rrapn1e o1 pasnn sayx-
ennx n rn nrpnan krx npanocanna1a nxpa. O1nacx ce o r-
rapckn1e xannxen, nn oroxnn, sapan kon1o nap Mnxan ce
e orpna krx nana Hnkoa c nrnpoca, kakno a npann, sa a
npnexa1 1anc1na1a na nxpa1a n onesn rrapn, kon1o ocera
ome ne xxa nokprc1enn.
A n onncanne1o cn na crpanx ce sa 1asn ne Ocxn nceen-
ckn nn IV Hapnrpackn crop
138)
, Anac1acn Bnno1ekapx1
xexy pyro1o nnme, ne Anoc1ocko1o ceanme ce xrnno a
nrpne ceramno1o kanec1no (na rrapcko1o nepym), koe1o c npe-
xe (ce nana Xopxns, nn ce 535 r., kora1o ce crsae r-
rapcka1a apxnennckonnx Hrpna Kc1nnnana) ce eme pasnnno
(o1 pnxcko1o) n nrpno1o nooxenne n crc1oxnne, samo1o nxa
apannx, Tecanx, aknx, na1a Ennpa n pyrn kpaynanckn
oac1n. ce napexaxa n c1apo npexe n nanpanxnaxa npenxno
o1 anoc1ocko1o ceanme.
H o1 npnneeno1o ce nnxa, ne ne e c1anao yxa sa nokprc-
1nane, a sa nprmane krx nnc1a1a xpnc1nxncka nxpa, kox1o rra-
pn1e ca nsnonxnan npen nana Xopxns nn npen crsanane-
131
1o na Oxpncka1a apxnennckonnx; ne e c1anao yxa sa Tpaknx n
Mnsnx, a sa sexn1e xexy Honncko xope n Tpaknx.
Honexe ce crsanane1o na nesanncnxa1a rrapcka apxn-
ennckonnx n nponnnnnn1e, sa kon1o ronopnx, ce e nsnonxnao
1pakonnpncko1o nepym, Pnx ce oxorna cera sa nerono1o o1c-
1panxnane. Ce 1ona Anac1acn kasna:
,Ho ce ka1o pnxckn1e nxnepa1opn, kon1o cera ce napnna1
rprnkn nxnepa1opn ncec1nne na pasnn1e rpemkn, kon1o nn1pnran-
1n1e nn noc1peka1en1e nanpannxa, nn na-xako ne ce nooxxa
a pasnokrca1 cnox1a nrpkna na pasnn epecn. Bor pasnokrca 1xxna-
1a nac1, 1r ne 1e no Boxne pemenne noeka-eka npec1anaxa a yn-
panxna1 sanann1e nac1n (na Bnsan1ncka1a nxnepnx .a.).
Tyk ce nxa1 npenn nxnepa1opn1e pa1x1a Baen1nnnan,
Baenc n Anac1acn (481 518 r.), nocennx1 o1 kon1o npens-
nnka nrc1annx1a na 1pakonnpnnn1e, nn rrapn1e, kon1o,
nrsyenn npo1nn rrpnn1e, ocnoonxa n 3anana, nn Hnpnc-
ka Brrapnx, o Hapnrpa, no na-xnoro kasano1o o1npama krx
nxnepa1op Kc1nnnan.
Ho ,sanann nac1n ce pasnpa1 ropecnoxena1n1e nponnn-
nnn xexy Honncko xope n Hapnrpa. 3a 1xx n okprxno1o cn
o ns1onnn1e na1pnapcn o1n nnca, ne onnx, kon1o pasnpama-
nan rrapcknx napo, nn poxa na sanana1a nac1 (na Bn-
san1ncka1a nxnepnx).
Anac1acn, ka1o nsara no-na1a1rk enoc11a n npana1a na
Pnxcka1a nrpkna, nnme, ne rprnkn1e nxnepa1opn npexaxnan
c1apn1e npnnnernn n o1nen ncxko npano na anoc1ocko1o ce-
anme o1 1esn nponnnnnn n ro an na cnon crxnmennnn
npo1exe1a n cek1an1n. Tyk xoxe n ce nxa npenn Kc1nnnan.
Ce 1ona Anac1acn kasna:
,C o1nexane1o na 1esn npnnnernn no ysypnnpano n npa-
no1o na anoc1ocko1o ceanme, koe1o 1o nxame nrpxy kasann-
1e oac1n, nonexe e xnno, ne 1e ca crcenn nexy n ne ekoxnc-
eno ca nn npncrennenn krx Hapnrpacka1a nonesa, koe1o
xcno ce nnxa n o1 onona, koe1o cne1nx1 nana Hnoken1n (402
417 r.) nnme n nncxo1o cn o Aekcanrp An1noxnckn. B nero
xexy pyro1o ce kasna: ,He ce nnxa nnkakna nyxa o1 npoxx-
na1a na cne1onnn1e pao1n, kox1o nxnepa1opr1 naxepn sa ope
a nanpann n Boxa1a nrpkna n nosa na cnon1e.
Honexe Anac1acn Bnno1ekap npeana caxo n1opa1a nac1
o1 nncxo1o, sa no-xcno me npnneex caxo1o nncxo na Hnoken-
1nx. To nnme na an1noxncknx nanka ceno1o:
132
,Tr ka1o 1n nn1am an cnope nsnrpmeno1o no nxnepa-
1opcka sanone eenne na nponnnnnn1e, mox nac1ana1 ne xn1-
pononn, 1pxna n naxa xn1ponon1n a ce nasnanana1, nax ce
nnxa neyxec1no cnope npoxxna1a n cne1onnn1e pao1n a ce
nsxenx n Boxa1a nrpkna n a ce noara n 1x na crmo1o pasa-
nane na none1nn rxnoc1n n eennx, kon1o nxnepa1opr1 na-
xnpa sa ope a nanpann n nosa na cnon1e. Hopan 1ona nnc-
o1o na xn1ponon1n1e n 1pxnao a cena c1apn1e napex-
annx na nponnnnnn1e
139)
.
O1 1ona nncxo Anac1acn npenexa caxo peone1e n cpea1a.
Ce 1ona 1o nporxana:
,Ho 1e (nxnepa1opn1e) ne rro nx ce nacaxanaxa, samo-
1o nene cnoxena1nx1 rrapckn napo nenara naxy n sae ncnn-
ko okoo ynana, 1r ne 1ona, koe1o rprnkn1e nxnepa1opn o1-
krcnaxa o1 anoc1ocko1o ceanme, 1e (rrapn1e) cropasno c
nono1o npano (npano1o na naponoc11a n na napona1a nrpk-
na) ro nrsc1anonnxa: samo1o c npano1o na ysypnnpann1e nonesn
1e (nxnepa1opn1e) sarynxa n nac11a cn na nac1 o1 coc1nena-
1a cn nxnepnx.
H 1yk 1pxna a orpnex nnnxanne na ak1a, ne e c1anao
yxa sa crcenn na H1anx nponnnnnn n Ennp n oc1anaa Hn-
pnx, a ne sa ona Mnsnx, Ckn1nx n Tpaknx.
eenne1o na Pnxcka1a nxnepnx, sa koe1o c1ana yxa 1yk, e
c1anao ome o1 IV nek, no npexe1o na nxnepa1opn1e Baen1nnn-
an n Baenc, ako sa nero ronopn ome nana Hnoken1n, ko1o e
n na npec1oa o1 402-a o 417 r. pn1nrepn sae 1orana 1esn o-
ac1n, no noce c1ana nxnepa1op ncnanenr1 Teoocn, ko1o
npexaxna rrapcknx napnrpackn ennckon exon n noc1ann
rrapcka1a nrpkna no rprnka cynpexannx. Ho npexe1o na Kc-
1nnnan rrapn1e o1nono saexa oac1n1e, n 1o sannnarn, samo-
1o o11orana ocera (870 r.) noc1oxnno ca rn rpxan nrn nae-
nnx1a cn. Ka1o ocnoonxa rrapcka1a nrpkna, 1e c 1ona ocno-
onxa n rrapcknx napo, 1r ne rprnkn1e nxnepa1opn, ce
ka1o nsrynxa nonesa (ce crsanane1o na rrapcka1a apxne-
nnckonnx Hrpna Kc1nnnana), 1e nsrynxa n nac11a cn, kox1o
ocera ynpaxnxnaxa na oac11a, kox1o oexame apxnenncko-
nnx1a Hrpna Kc1nnnana. Brrapn1e ne ca nnponex naxynan
a rpax1, a ca ce opnn sa nannonann npana n nannonano
oennenne.
Cnope Anac1acn Bnno1ekap, ko1o e na-koxne1en1no-
1o nne n cynax, kasann1e oac1n o pasexne1o na Pnxcka1a
133
nxnepnx cnaan n prkonooxno o1nomenne krx Pnx. Ce
pasexne1o na nxnepnx1a n ce ka1o Teoocn nrskpecn rrp-
nnsxa n Hapnrpa, 1esn nponnnnnn, ka1o cnaamn n oac11a na
Hs1onna1a pnxcka nxnepnx, nonanaxa nrpkonno no Hapnrpa
n sa1ona 1ax e nxao rprnkn cnemennnn. Tona 1paxo nnponex
caxo o 535 r., kora1o rrapn1e naxyxa n nsronnxa rrpnn1e n
kora1o Kc1nnnan crsae nesanncnxa1a rrapcka apxnenncko-
nnx crc ceanme n Oxpn. H rrpnn, n pnxxnn naxepnn cera
yoen cyna a nrnopnpa1 Hrpna Kc1nnnana n a nrpna1 no-
oxenne1o npen neno1o crsanane.
4. 3aceannexo na C+oa
Crpan1e ce cera n Hapnrpa pnxckn n rprnkn npea1n
1pxnao a pema1 a ce nonnnn rrapcka1a nonesa no onx
rpa (Pnx nn Hapnrpa), no ko1o 1x n npnnaexaa npen
saexane1o n o1 rrapn1e.
Pemanao ce e ne nrs ocnona na nrpkonno1o npano, 1.e. ne
nrs ocnona na npano1o, ne Pnx nn Hapnrpa e 1pxnao a no-
nnnx1 1esn nponnnnnn, samo1o ca nn nokprc1nn rrapn1e, a
nrs ocnona na nc1opnnecko1o npano, ne npen crsanane1o na
rrapcka1a apxnennckonnx Pnx n Hapnrpa ynpaxnxnan ns-
nec1no nrpkonno nnxnne nrpxy cnoxena1n1e oac1n.
Cera Anac1acn onncna kak e c1anao pemenne1o:
Pasnn1e npa1ennnec1na, ocoeno rrapcko1o n pnxcko1o,
nn sa1nopenn n o1enn knnn n no 1osn nannn nx e na o1-
ne1a nrsxoxnoc11a a nxa1 o1nomennx c nrnmnnx cnx1.
,Ocnen 1ona, nopan nesnanne1o na esnnn1e, nn1o rrapc-
kn1e npa1ennnn, nn1o npec1ann1en1e na ns1onnn1e nrpknn
pasnpan kakno ronopen pnxckn1e npea1n, n opa1no, kakno
kasnan npec1ann1en1e na ns1onnn1e nrpknn, nn1o pnxckn1e
npea1n, nn1o rrapckn1e npa1ennnn pasnpan.
Hpncrc1na caxo enn nxnepa1opckn npenoan, ko1o no
sanone na nxnepa1opa ne cxee pyroxne a npenexa kasano-
1o o1 npec1ann1en1e na pnxcka1a nrpkna n o1 1esn na ns1on-
nn1e nrpknn, ocnen no nannna a ce pasnpa, ne rrapn1e 1px-
na a ra1 cropenn (nonnnenn). Ocnen 1ona aeno no na
rrapckn1e npa1ennnn eno nanncano c rprnkn yknn n na
rprnkn esnk nncxo, n koe1o ce kasnao, ne yx xexy npec1ann-
1en1e na ns1onnn1e nrpknn n 1esn na pnxcka1a n na1pnapx Hr-
na1n, nekn 1e apn1pn, no pemeno, rrapcko1o o1enec1-
134
no, koe1o ce naxnpa n Hnpnx, a ce nonnnn na Hapnrpacka1a
nonesa, xakap ne o1 npaneno1o nxkora napexane na anoc1oc-
ko1o ceanme n na1a Ennpa, apannx, aknx, Tecanx n py-
rn1e, naxnpamn ce n Hnpnx nponnnnnn, xnno ce nnxa, kak1o
nanpnxep cnne1ec1na1 n pasnn1e nncxa na pnxckn1e nrpnoc-
nemennnn, sanonnakn o1 nana axas (366 384 r.), o 1esn npo-
nnnnnn, ne rprnkn1e nxnepa1opn, nacrpnanann o1 1xx arock-
onnn1e napnrpackn nrpnocnemennnn, caxo crc cna, a nxen-
no no npnnnna, kox1o no-rope nsoxnxxe, rn nsnsexa o1 Anoc-
1ocko1o ceanme. Ako Anoc1ocko1o ceanme ne e npanno
nxkaknn noc1rnkn sa 1xxno1o non1opno saexane, 1o e sa1ona, sa-
mo1o ckopo ce 1ona, kak1o no-npen ce cnoxena, xnoro nr1n
cnoxenanannx1 rrapckn napo oe n nrs ocnona na npano1o
sa naenne cn rn noncka (ocnoon).
Brrapn1e snann ca saen cnoxena1n1e nponnnnnn nenara
ce pasexne1o na Pnxcka1a nxnepnx, 1.e. ome n IV VI nek.
B norpann1e na ,Pnxckn1e nrpnocnemennnn Anac1acn
noconn, ne rrapn1e nrs ocnona na napono1o cpoc1no (c xn-
1en1e na 1esn nponnnnnn) ca oennnn cnoe1o o1enec1no (jure
gentilli patriam subjugantes), 1yk nrk ce kasna, ne rrapn1e nrs
ocnona na npano1o sa naenne ocnoonn ropnn1e nponnnnnn.
H n na1a cynax ce nspasxna ena n crma xncr: rrapn1e o1
aknx, Mnsnx n Tpaknx cxx1an, ne nrs ocnona na crma1a na-
ponoc1 1e nxan npano a ce crennx1 c 1esn n Tecanx, na1a
Ennpa n np., n caxn a ce ynpanxna1.
Hana Hnkoa n nncano1o cn n 860 r. o nap Mnxan nncxo
n Anac1acn Bnno1ekap ca pasnpan no nnpnckn rra-
pn onesn nnpnckn rrapn, na kon1o ome nana axas e nn-
ca nncxa. Tnnnncknx1 nanka Enon e nrpnnx1, ko1o nape-
ne 1esn nnpnnn rrapn. Tesn rrapn no npexe1o na nxnepa-
1op Kc1nnnan ce oennnxa c oc1anan1e rrapn. Ce 1ona
Pnx n Hapnrpa nsrynxa cnoe1o nnxnne na crmn1e rrapn,
1a cera nckaxa a nrpna1 c1apnx pe na nema1a. Hapnrpacknx1
crop e n pemn (nne nnxxxe kak e pemn), ne Hnpncka
Brrapnx 1pxnao a ce nonnnn na Hapnrpa ne samo1o 1x
na nokprc1ena o1 rrpnn1e, a samo1o non1nneckn e cnaaa
krx Hs1onna1a pnxcka nxnepnx n samo1o npen crsanane1o
na rrapcka1a apxnennckonnx n Oxpn n cnoxena1n1e nponnn-
nnn e nxao n rprnkn cnemennnn. Tesn cnemennnn oane 1orana
xxa o1c1panenn o1 rrapn1e. Hpokon nnme, kak1o noconnxxe,
ne rrapn1e 1orana ynnmoxanan rprnkn1e cenma 1ax n ncx-
135
ka ronna o1nexan n poc1no nonene o1 nec1a xnxn ymn,
1r ne nxa1a c1pana o1 Honncknx sann o Hapnrpa nanr-
no ce crennna c oc1anaa Ckn1nx. Ha-naxno1o oane, koe1o
cera 1pxna a ce ns1rkne, e, ne no npexe1o na nap Mnxan ne e
c1anao yxa sa Tpaknx, Mnsnx n Ckn1nx nn aknx, a caxo sa
Makeonnx n oc1anaa Hnpncka Brrapnx. an rrapn1e
ca ce nokprc1nan, nn nrk npekprc1nan n np., ncnnko 1ona ce
o1nacx o Hnpncka Brrapnx, nn sexx1a xexy Honncknx
sann n Hapnrpa, a ne o ona Mnsnx, kak1o ce ynn n rrap-
ckn1e ynnnma.
Tona knnxno nonnnenne na rrapcka1a nrpkna n Hnpnx
na Pnx n Hapnrpa ce napnna n xn1ne1o na cn. Knxen1, ; IV,
npnaneno no-krcno, nokprc1nane na rrapn1e, samo1o 1ax ce
kasna, ne cera, n 869 r., rrapcknx1 napo oc1ann ckn1cko1o cn
sayxenne, 1.e. nepym1o na 1pakonnpnnn1e, n nosna nc1nn-
cknx nr1, koe1o rrapcknx1 napo, kak1o me nnnx no-na1a1rk,
ne nanpann.
Pnxckn1e an1opn kasaxa, ne ce o1nacx o crcena1a na H1a-
nx sexx, a o1n kasa, ne ce o1nacx o sanana1a nac1 na Bn-
san1ncka1a nxnepnx, koe1o e eno n crmo. Hapnrpacknx1 cr-
op pemn rrapcko1o o1enec1no, koe1o ce naxnpa n Hnpnx, a
nxenno na1a Ennpa, Tecanx, apannx, aknx n pyrn nn-
pnckn nponnnnnn, a ce nonnnx1 na Hapnrpa, a B. 3a1apckn
nnme:
,O1 1ona paspemenne (na Hapnrpacknx crop) cnenena
na-nrpno Bnsan1nx. Hpes nero 1x cnoynna ne caxo a cn o1-
nomna npnon1nx o1 nex npnopn1e1 n nokprc1nane1o (?) na
rrapn1e (Bnsan1nx nn1o e kasnaa n cropa, nn1o e npe1enn-
paa, ne e nokprc1na rrapn1e .a.) n a ce nrpne nc1opn-
neckn npnnaexama1a n n nrpkonno n non1nnecko o1nomenne
ns1onna noonnna na Bakancknx noyoc1pon, no a pasmnpn
nrpkonna1a cn nac1 n nrpxy ena nexaka nac1 o1 sanana1a xy
noonnna, kox1o no-pano na no pnxcka1a nrpkna, a cera nn-
saa n rpannnn1e na rrapcka1a rpxana, npexnnanaa n 1oky-
mo nrsnnknamnx rrapckn nrpkonen nones
140)
. Brrapcknx1
nones ne nrsnnkname, a ce ynnmoxaname.
Ho-esonnno nsonananane na nc1nna1a ena n nonek xoxe
a cn npec1ann. 3a1apckn samn1aname 1esa1a, ne rrapn1e ca
krcno omn 1ypnn, kon1o o Bopnc nn naeen mxno caxo
o Honnn. Honexe noconenn1e neoopnxn cnne1ec1na onpo-
neprana1 1asn nerona 1esa, 1o ro ypx na rxa. Hapnrpacknx1
136
crop ne ce n sannxana c Hnpncka Brrapnx, nn crc se-
xx1a xexy Honncknx sann n Hapnrpa, sa kox1o Kc1nnnan
crsana Oxpncka1a apxnennckonnx, a ce n sannxana c ,ns-
1onna1a noonnna na Bakancknx noyoc1pon, sa kox1o nn1o y-
xa ne e cnoxena! Tr 3a1apckn nenpa sa nxkaknn cn nrpkon-
nn n non1nneckn npana na Bnsan1nx na Hs1onna Brrapnx, sa
kon1o 1x caxa ne e npe1ennpaa n o1 Hapnrpacknx crop ne e
noynna.
O1 cpax n cxy1eno, kak1o npanx1 onesn, kon1o crnec11a rn
rpnse, 1o cnoxenana, ne Bnsan1nx na ,pasmnpna nac11a cn
nrpxy sanana1a noonnna na Bakancknx noyoc1pon, samo1o 1x
cnaaa krx rrapcka1a rpxana. Vxnmeno nsonanana ak1a,
samo1o sa sanana1a noonnna na Bakancknx noyoc1pon ne e
c1anao yxa, a sa Hnpnx xexy Honncko xope n Hapnrpa.
Ka1o nponycka nxena1a na nponnnnnn1e, sa kon1o ce e cnopno
na Hapnrpacknx crop, 1o npec1anx pao1a1a 1r, ka1o ne n
1ax ce e cnopno ocnen sa nemna Hs1onna, ome n sa nemna 3a-
nana Brrapnx, o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne 1orana rrapn1e ne ca
nacexnan Makeonnx n oc1anaa Hnpnx, kon1o coc1neno x-
xa npexe1 na cnopa. Tona ce nnxa n o1 neronn1e nc1opnneckn
kap1n, n kon1o ne e o1exsano, ne 1esn nponnnnnn ca cnaan n
rrapcka1a rpxana. Tyk nxaxe pao1a c yxnmeno nsonanana-
ne na nc1nna1a. 3a1apckn ne cnoxenana, ne cnopr1 ce e non sa
rrapn1e, kon1o ca nacexnan sexx1a o1 Honncko xope o
Tpaknx, ne cnoxenana, ne Brrapnx 1orana ce e npoc1npaa o
caxnx Hapnrpa, a nnme nsxncnnn, ne ce e non cnop sa Hs-
1onna Brrapnx, sa kox1o n yxa ne e c1anao.
5. Hok+cxnanexo na Bonc cnoe B. 3axackn
Hne nxxa a ce sannxanaxe c nayka1a na B. 3a1apckn, samo-
1o o1 1ona, koe1o 1yk, kak1o n o1 onona, koe1o no-npen npnne-
oxxe, ce nnxa, ne 1o nsomo ne ce e sannxana c nayka, nrn-
pekn 1ona cxe npnnyenn a kaxex caxo nxkoko yxn sa nero-
no1o xnenne no nokprc1nane1o na Bopnc. B penensnx1a cn na xo-
x1a nsxsa n 1910 r. pao1a 1o kasna, ne rpemka1a na Henon ce
crc1oxa n 1ona, ne Henon ce onnpa caxo na nrpnons1onnnnn-
1e. Hsnsakn o1 renme1o, ne nrpnons1onnnnn1e nxxa1 nnkak-
na c1onoc1 sa nc1opnnecka1a nayka, 1o ne e n oprma nnnxa-
nne na 1xx, a rn e cnoxenana caxo, sa a nokaxe, ne pao1a1a xy
e nxaa naynna c1onoc1, a ne n a nocena onona, koe1o cone-
137
nn1e o1 nero nrpnons1onnnnn kasna1. Hnme nanpnxep, Teoan,
ne c1apa Brrapnx ce e naxnpaa nokpa Bocopa, 3a1apckn ro
npnnexa sa cnne1e, ne 1asn Brrapnx ce e naxnpaa na cenep
o1 Kankaskn1e nannnn; kasna1 nann, na1pnapcn n nponne one-
nnnn, ne na Hapnrpacknx crop ce e pasrexaa pao1a1a na
Hnpncka Brrapnx, 3a1apckn kasna, ne 1ax ce na pasrex-
aa pao1a1a na Hs1onna Brrapnx n np. O1enn ak1n o1 1ox
xe1o nne xnoro nr1n cxe connn, cera neka nnnx samo n kak
ce nokprc1n cnope nero Bopnc.
Hpoc1ocxrp1nn1e me cn kaxa1, samo1o e n ose1 o1 c1pax
oxn. Cnope 3a1apckn oane 1o ce n nokprc1n no non1n-
neckn cropaxennx nn, nspaseno na npoc1 esnk, o1 xn1poc1. O1
ena c1pana, Teoopa ro na sanamna c nona, o1 pyra
pankn1e, 1a Bopnc, sa a nserne 1esn nonn, ce nokprc1n.
Tona nokprc1nane c1anao, ce ka1o Teoopa n 842 r. noe
nac11a nrn Bnsan1ncka1a nxnepnx.
Oane e1o ne crmnx1 3a1apckn nn kasna: Bopnc ce nokprc-
1n n 865 r., 1.e. no npexe1o na Teoopa, kox1o o1anna e cnae-
na o1 nac11a.
Ko nokprc1n 1orana Bopnc? Ko nana, ko na1pnapx, ko
cnemennk, ne ce kasna.
Onesn, kon1o kasna1, ne rrapn1e nn nokprc1enn o1 rrp-
nn1e, ro kasna1, samo1o nxpna1, ne Bopnc e n nokprc1en n Teo-
opnno npexe. He e n nxpno 1ona, nonexe Teoopa ne ynpanx-
name npes 865 r. nxnepnx1a, 1orana nxxa okasa1ec1no, ne Bo-
pnc e n nokprc1en o1 rrpnn1e. Tona npo1nnopenne 3a1apckn
ne cxnamame, nrk n ne nckame a cxnane, samo1o sa nero nc1nna-
1a nxxame nnkakna c1onoc1. Hc1opnx1a cnope nero ce crc1on
o1 xnennx1a na 1osn n onsn*.
138
___________
* Ha c1p. 4 n 5 na cnox1a ,Onenka na crnnnenne1o sa xann1annx na -p Ian-
no Henon 3a1apckn nnme: Hc1opnneckn1e nscenannx ca yc1anonnn, ne
nokprc1nane1o na rrapn1e e c1anao n 864f865 r. Hpn knxs Bopnc, napenen n
kprmenne1o Mnxan (Kon ca 1esn nscenannx?), ne xpnc1nxnc1no1o e npne1o
o1 Bnsan1nx (?), ne ne xnoro ce 1ona Bopnc ce orpna krx nana1a, sa a nc-
ka ypexane1o na nonoocnonana1a rrapcka nrpkna (samo e ncka Bopnc 1ona
o1 nana1a, a ne o1 Bnsan1nx, kox1o ro na nokprc1na?), no ne n 869f870 r.,
ce cropa n Hapnrpa, Brrapnx o1nono ce oprma krx Bnsan1nx n npnexa
nrpxonenc1no1o na napnrpacknx na1pnapx (snann nrpxonenc1no1o na napnr-
packnx na1pnapx ne e no naoxeno na Brrapnx no enn nexopaen nannn,
axn 1x caxa xona a ce nonnnn na napnrpacknx na1pnapx!) Ianno Henon
o1xnrpx ncnnko 1ona. Ho yx 3a1apckn ne eme nn1o rrapnn, nn1o nonek
na nayka1a. B.a.
Box ne ce snae ko e nokprc1n Bopnc, oc1ana xncr1a, ne
Bopnc cax ce e nokprc1n, samo1o, ako nonek e xonroen, kakrn-
1o e n ,xan Bopnc, 1o e nxa cnprxnonemkn cnoconoc1n,
koe1o ce pasnpa n o1 onona, koe1o cera cena: Hokprc1nnx1
ce n 865 ronna xonroen Bopnc, ome ne nscrxna o1 cnemena1a
krnanx, ce orpna cnope 3a1apckn krx Pnx n Hapnrpa a
ncka na1pnapx.
Brrapcko1o omec1no ne1e 1esn nsxncnnn n ce pana na
xnonx1a na knxsa cn n na oc1poyxne1o na cnox ynen, es a
cxnama, pasnpa ce, ne 1ona oc1poyxne nokonana penrnosnoc1-
1a na napoa.
Ena penrnx ne ce ycnoxna sa nxkoko nn nn nrk xece-
na, sa 1ona ca nyxnn c1oe1nx. Knxs Bopnc ne e pasnoara c
1eerpan, 1eeonn, aeponann n np. a cromn nn nrk a
sanonxa na noannnn1e cn xoxen1ano a c1ana1 xpnc1nxnn.
Hrk n a e xorr a nanpann 1ona, 1e nak ne nxa c1anan
nenara xpnc1nxnn.
Ko1o e cen pasnn1ne1o na xpnc1nxnc1no1o, 1o snae, ne
na-nanpe ce xnxna1 npononennnn, kon1o cnenena1 na eno
xxc1o nxkoko ymn. Opasyna ce omnna o1 orpannneno nnco,
kox1o pao1n sa pasnpoc1panenne1o xy. oka1o 1ona nono ynenne
oexe nenx napo, xnnana1 c1oe1nx, paxa1 ce xnoro nokoe-
nnx. Pasnpoc1panxnane1o na xpnc1nxnc1no1o n Brrapnx, nrk n
nancxkre, e nrpnxo 1pyno n nopan nnca na xopa sa yxonnn-
nn. Horo1nxne1o na 1aknna e no xnoro xrnno, samo1o ne e nxa-
o rrapcka xpnc1nxncka n1epa1ypa, 1a yxonenc1no1o e no
npnnyeno a ynn rprnkn nn a1nnckn, koe1o e xnoro 1pyna pa-
o1a, ocoeno sa onona npexe. H a e nxao 1aknna, 1e ca nn
xnoro xako, 1a ne ca xorn a nnxx1 nrpxy nenx napo.
Hak kora1o ce noxpnc1nxnnn nxa1a c1pana, sa koe1o, kak1o
kasaxxe, ca nyxnn c1oe1nx, kora1o nene nxa noro1nenn cneme-
nnnn, nannn n np., kora1o rrapcko1o yxonenc1no ce sar-
onn n xpnc1nxncko1o ynenne, xoxe a c1ana yxa sa na1pnapx,
a ne nec ce nokprc1n, ome nesanosna1 c xpnc1nxncko1o ynenne,
ome nxxa nonone, 1a kaxo n nannn, a y1pe a ncka na1pnapx.
Enn caoky1ypen xonrockn ,xan, kakrn1o, cnope 3a1apc-
kn, e n Bopnc nne nxxaxe nnkaknn cneennx, ne 1osn ,xon-
roen e snae rprnkn nn a1nnckn ne e n n crc1oxnne a
cnopn nrpxy orxa1a na nxpa1a, kakno1o nanpann nap Mnxan.
Cnopn n e nap Mnxan, koro1o 3a1apckn napnna Bopnc,
nrpxy orxa1a na nxpa1a n epapxnx1a na nrpkna1a, snann 1o e
139
n ky1ypen nonek, nosnana e ocnonno xpnc1nxnc1no1o, nxa e
ynenn rrapn okoo cee cn, n e c1ap xpnc1nxnnn, crmo n na-
por1 xy, kak1o nsoxnxxe no-npen.
6. B+rackaxa n+kna ce Hanracknn c+o
3amo Kc1nnnan crsae apxnennckonnx1a Hrpna Kc1n-
nnana? 3amo1o nnrnan1e ce npo1nn esoxnnx Anac1acn
rrapn o1 Ckn1nx, Mnsnx n pyrn nponnnnnn, nopan sa1o-
nanane1o na nnpnckn1e ennckonn, ro npnnynxa a nanpann
1ona. Brrapn1e o1 ona Mnsnx, sa kon1o Vna e npene
Cn. Hncanne, nsnpa1nxa xopa o nana Xopxns a ce cnopa-
syxex1 c nero nrpxy opxya1a na Cne1a Tponna, oane nana
Xopxns o1kasa a ce nponsnece nrpxy 1ona. Torana na Kc-
1nnnan ne xy oc1ana nnmo pyro, ocnen a crsae caxoc1o-
x1ena nrpkonna ynpana sa rrapn1e, sa a nxxa nyxa 1e a
sanncx1 o1 1orono n onorona. Hrpna Kc1nnnana, nn Oxpn-
cka1a apxnennckonnx, ce nsnomna nnponex o1 npnnrpxennnn-
1e na 1pakncka1a nrpkna, nn o1 1esn na Encenn, Vna n
np. Tasn nrpkna nckame a nnrne n sacnn n nap Mnxan, ka-
1o crpa xomn1e na ocnona1en1e n n nrsnrna xpax n 1xxna
nec1. Hpo1nn 1asn nrpkna ce nanrnaxa cera Pnx n Hapnrpa.
Pnx nckame a ce nrsc1anonn nooxenne1o, koe1o crmec1ny-
name npen nana Xopxns, a o1n kasname, ne rrapn1e
nn esoxnnnn, nonexe nsnonxnan nepym1o na c1apn1e
1pakonnpnnn, ne Cn. yx ce pasana o1 Cnna na oc1onn-
1e. Ena npanocanna orxa, kox1o o1n o1 nannonaen
eronsrx npec1anxme ne caxo ka1o cyenepne. Pnx ne xoxa a
npokapa xeanne1o cn sa cynpexannx na Hnpncka Brra-
pnx, samo1o noxa1a ne c1ana nrs ocnona na nrpkonno1o
npano, a nrs ocnona na non1nnecko1o; 1x c1ana cropasno c
rpannnn1e na ne1e pnxckn nxnepnn. Onesn, kon1o xnneexa n
rpannnn1e na Hs1onna1a pnxcka nxnepnx, a ce nonnnx1 y-
xonno na Hapnrpa, a pyrn1e na Pnx. Brs ocnona na 1ona
pemenne napnrpacknx1 na1pnapx, nnx1o nac1 n Tpaknx ce
npoc1npame caxo na nrpkna1a n Hapnrpa n pyrn1e rprn-
kn nrpknn no pera na Hepno, Mpaxopno n Erecko xope, no-
ynn npano a pasmnpn nac11a cn n na nenx Bakanckn no-
yoc1pon.
A pnxcknx1 nana, nnx1o nonesa o1nanao ce npoc1npame
o Panena n aproapn1e n Iopna H1anx, noynn cnope 1o-
140
na pemenne npano a pasmnpn cnox1a nac1 n na cnaama1a
krx 1pakncka1a nn rrapcka1a nrpkna Hanonnx, samo1o 1x
non1nneckn npnnaexeme eno npexe krx 3anana1a pnxcka
nxnepnx.
Tona pemenne ne ce npnsna oane o1 rrapn1e.
Hana1a, ko1o, kak1o cnoxenaxxe, e sarpxa Konc1an1nn
n Me1on n Pnx, oka1o ce pemn npe1ennnx1a xy sa cynpexa-
nnx na Hnpncka Brrapnx, cera, ce 1ona pemenne na Ha-
pnrpacknx crop, nycna Me1on sa nanonckn ennckon. Konc-
1an1nn e yxpx npes 869 r. n Pnx. Mnoro nn1epecen e ak1r1,
ne Konc1an1nn, ko1o o cxrp11a cn e n nnnnno nne, cera,
npe cxrp11a cn, ce nokayrepn n npne rprnko1o nxe Knpn.
Hex1a, ne ne xoxe nonek a saexa yxonen can, ako ne nocn
rprnko nxe, ne nanymame n cera rrapn1e.
Hpen Hapnrpacknx crop nanonckn1e knxse ce orpnaxa
krx nap Mnxan sa yxonnn npononennnn na cno esnk.
Hap Mnxan nx nsnpa1n 1orana pa1x1a Konc1an1nn n Me-
1on, kon1o noce saxnnaxa sa Pnx npn nana Hnkoa a a-
roconn rrapckn1e, nn canxnckn1e nx nncannx. Hana1a rn
sarpxa n Pnx, oka1o nnn kak me ce ocrmec1nn nerona1a npe-
1ennnx sa cynpexannx na Hnpncka Brrapnx, n kox1o cnaa-
me n Hanonnx. Cera, kora1o o1 pemenne1o na Hapnrpacknx cr-
op ce paspao, ne Hanonnx 1pxna yxonno a cnaa krx Pnx,
nanoncknx1 knxs Poc1ncan ce orpna krx nana Apnan, nace-
nnk na Hnkoa, sa a xy nsnpa1n Me1on sa nanonckn apxne-
nnckon, koe1o Apnan n nanpann.
Hpenn na ncnnkn 1esn oc1ox1ec1na Pnx e cnn1a Me1o-
n sa cno ennckon, oane Me1on cn oc1ana nepen npec1ann-
1e na 1pakncka1a nn rrapcka1a nrpkna. H o11yk nna op-
a1a, kox1o nac1ana xexy nero n Pnxcka1a nrpkna. Pnxcka1a
nrpkna, kox1o aroconn rrapcka1a cyxa c ne xoxe n no
1osn nannn a npnnene Brrapnx na cnox c1pana, cera, kora1o
1ona ne ce ocrmec1nn, 1x naxncn a ce nac1ann n Hanonnx n sa-
nonna a kpn1nkyna Me1on, ne cyxn n npononxna na ca-
nxnckn (napnapckn) esnk. Tyk ce kasna canxnckn nxec1o rrap-
ckn, samo1o nanonnn1e ce napnnaxa canxnn, nrk n samo1o r-
rapckn n canxnckn osnananame eno n crmo. ,Irpkr1 Me1on
c1paame cera sa canxncknx esnk.
B1opo1o npo1nnopenne npo1nn Me1on eme, ne 1o ne
nsnonxna crmo1o nepym, koe1o nsnonxnaa Pnxcka1a nrp-
kna. Pasnka1a xexy pnxcko1o n 1pakncko1o nepym o1nana-
141
o e na crncex xaka. Pnxcka1a nrpkna n nanao1o ce e
npnrpxaa krx nepym1o na Hnkecknx crop, sa1ona 1x no
o1nomenne na Cne1nx yx e ynna: nxpnax n n cn. yx (Credo
in Spiritum Sanctum). an Cn. yx nponsnsa o1 O1na, nn
o1 Cnna, ne ce kasname. Hak n XI nek ce e nrnea n yno1pea
opxya1a: ,Bxpnax n n Cn. yx, Ko1o nsxoxa o1 O1na n
Cnna (Credo.et in Spiritum Sanctum, qui ex Patre Filioque
procedit)
141)
.
Hak cera sanonna Pnxcka1a nrpkna a naxra na opxya-
1a, ne Cn. yx nponsnsa o1 O1na n o1 Cnna.
Honexe nepym1o na 1pakonnpnnn1e ne ce pasrexa n
nrpkonnn1e nc1opnn ka1o o1eno nepym, xnosnna, kon1o ne ca
nnnknan n 1esn xakn pasnkn, ro cxecna1 1y c pnxcko1o, 1y c
rprnko1o. Kora1o o1n xyeme rrapckn1e ennckonn, ne ynn-
n, ne Cn. yx nponsnsa o1 O1na, no ce npeana o1 Cnna, koe-
1o o1n, sa a nponsnee eek1, amnno npeaname, ne Cn.
yx nponsnsa caxo o1 Cnna, xnosnna cn xncexa, ne 1o e xy-
e pnxckn1e ennckonn. Kora1o nrk cera pnxcko1o yxonenc1-
no kpn1nkyname Me1on, ne ne npnsnana, ne Cn. yx npons-
nsa n o1 Cnna, xnosnna xncx1, ne 1o kpn1nkyna rprnko1o
nepym, nrnpekn ne n ne1e c1pann ca nonn opa npo1nn r-
rapcko1o nepym.
7. Beymxo na Mexonennxe ynennnn
Bepym1o na 1pakonnpnnn1e, nn na Encenn, Vna, xa-
keonena exon, koro1o nxnepa1op Teoocn cnan o1 napnr-
packnx nanmkn c1o, sa a noc1ann rrpka Iperop, e o1nocno
Cn. yx, ne Cn. yx nsnsa o1 O1na, a ce npeana o1 Cnna. Tona
nepym eme cnope o1n nepym1o na rrapckn1e ennckonn,
kak1o nsoxnxxe nene. Hopan crmo1o nepym n Pnxcka1a nrpk-
na kpn1nkyname Me1on n ynennnn1e xy. B nncxo1o cn o knxs
Cnen1onok nana C1ean (885 891 r.), ka1o nsara ynenne1o na
Pnxcka1a nrpkna, nnme ceno1o npo1nn nepym1o na Me1on n
ynennnn1e xy:
,Hecrracno c 1ona e a ce nxpna, ne Cn. yx nsnsa o1 O1-
na n Cnna n o1 Cnna n crsanne1o sa ocnemanane, ka1o ne n npe-
xnnana nxkaknn c1enenn, no mox nsnsa o1 O1na, 1o crmenpe-
xenno nponsnsa n o1 Cnna
142)
.
3a crmo1o n o1n kpn1nkyna rrapckn1e ennckonn (npen
Me1on, pasnpa ce), ka1o kasna, ne rrapckn1e ennckonn ynn-
142
n, ne ,npnnnna1a na Cnna n na yxa n O1en, noce nrk, ne
npnnnna1a na yxa n Cnnr1
143)
.
Bnxa ce, ne n o1n e kpn1nkyna nepym1o na Me1on, o1
koe1o nrk nsnsa, ne Me1on ne e n nn1o rprk, nn1o nrk
npec1ann1e na rprnka1a nrpkna, kak1o nxkon 1nrpxxa n 1nrp-
x1. Pao1a1a 1yk e, ne oka1o nana C1ean npannno noconn
rrapcko1o nepym n ns1rkna cpemy nero c1anonnme1o na Pnx-
cka1a nrpkna, o1n, ne xoxekn a nrspasn nemo crmec1neno,
cn kpnnn no-na1a1rk yma1a no cennx nannn: ,He caxo ne 1e
(rrapckn1e ennckonn) nsnoxa1 Cne1nx yx o1 Cnna, no nma-
na1 n O1na o1 1ona.
Tona osnanana, ne cnope rrapn1e Cn. yx nsnsa caxo o1
Cnna, c koe1o rrapn1e nmanan Bora-O1en o1 nponsnoc1no-
1o na yxa (!), 1a o1n nnka o ora, sa a cnacn npanocanne-
1o o1 nenepnn1e rrapn.
Ce cxrp11a na Me1on pnxcko1o yxonenc1no n Hano-
nnx sanonnao oc1po a nanaa Me1onenn1e ynennnn, samo1o
ne ynnn, ne Cn. yx nponsnsa o1 O1na n Cnna, na koe1o 1e no
non1ec1no1o na Knxen1 o1ronopnn:
,Hne noc1oxnno cxe nxpnan, ne yxr1 nponsnsa o1 O1na:
ne neron npnnnnn1e n apn1e e pon1ex1 na Cnna, no ne 1o
npnnaexn n na Cnna, o1 koro1o nrn ncxko npexe ce pasana na
oc1onn1e, oane nxa pasnka xexy nponsnsa n ce pasana.
Bnxa1e kak pasnpaxe nne yxa: ne nsnsa o1 Cnna, a ce npea-
na o1 Hero
144)
.
Tona nepym ca kpn1nkynan nana C1ean n na1pnapx o1n.
Tona nepym o1n napene kene1nnnecko enncko cyenepne n
esoxne!
Brnpekn esorena1a kpn1nka na o1n, nrnpekn pemenne1o
na Hapnrpacknx crop rrapn1e sanasnxa anoc1ocka1a xpnc1n-
xncka nxpa na cnon1e en; 1e ne ce nonnnnxa na pemenne1o na
Hapnrpacknx crop. Te sanasnxa 1asn cnox nxpa ne caxo oka1o e
xnn nap Mnxan, no n ce nero, axe n ce nonaane1o na r-
rapn1e no rprnka nac1, samo1o Teonak1, ko1o ce naane1o
na rrapn1e no Bnsan1nx e oxpnckn apxnennckon, e norp-
xa n samn1ana 1ona nepym. B cnon1e 1pyone 1o ce xrnn a o-
kaxe na a1nnnn1e, ne nxa pasnka xexy nsnsane n pasanane.
,Bne cnn1a1e, nnme 1o, ne nsnsane e panno na cnaxnane
n npeanane. Honexe naxnpa1e, ne yxr1 ce nsnpama, npeana n
pasana o1 Cnna, nne xncn1e, ne ne npann1e rpemka, ka1o napn-
na1e 1ona: nsnsa o1 Cnna
145)
.
143
Teonak1, kak1o nnxaxe, e samn1ana rrapcko1o nepym,
koe1o ce ocnopname o1 o1n. B rprnko1o nepym ne ce kasna, ne
yx Cne1n ce pasana o1 Cnna.
Kora1o npes 1019 ronna Bacnn II nokopn Caxynono1o
xakeoncko napc1no, 1o nsae ykas, ne sanasna caxoc1ox1e-
noc11a na rrapcka1a xakeoncka nrpkna, ka1o nspon n enap-
xnn1e, kon1o cnaaxa krx nex. B 1osn ykas xexy pyro1o ce kas-
na: ,Pasenn1e ce nac1n ce crnpa1 n eno, ka1o ce noc1anx1
no ena ynpana. Ipannnn1e n ocoeno1o n1ne (na rrapn1e),
kon1o 1r ope xxa onpeeenn o1 napynamn1e npen nac, n
nnmo ne ce nakrpnxna1
146)
.
Honexe rpannnn1e, kon1o Bacnn II onpeen sa Oxpncka-
1a apxnennckonnx, non1n crnnaa1 c 1esn na Hrpna Kc1nnnana,
Bacnn e pasnpa Hrpna Kc1nnnana, kora1o e kasa, ne ne nc-
ka a napymana 1r ope yc1anoneno1o o1 napc1namn1e npen
nero rpannnn n np. A ka1o kasna, ne ncka a crennn paseno-
1o ce n eno, 1o c 1ona e xncn sa nrsc1anonxnane1o na Hs1on-
na1a pnxcka nxnepnx, kox1o rrapn1e xxa pasnokrcan.
Onnpakn ce na 1osn sakon, Teonak1, ko1o ce 1ona c1a-
na oxpnckn apxnennckon, xoxa a nsnonxna rrapcko1o ne-
pym. A kora1o napnrpacknx1 na1pnapx sanonna a ce xecn n
pao1n1e na oxpncknx apxnennckon, Teonak1 eneprnnno ce
npo1nnonoc1ann na 1ona, ka1o kasa: ,Ho kakna omnoc1 nxa
Brrapnx c napnrpacknx na1pnapx, ko1o nn1o nxa npano na
prkonoarane n nex, nonexe npnsnana apxnennckona n sa an1oke-
aen (nesanncnx), nn1o nrk e nacen nxkox pyra npnnnernx
na nex
147)
.
Tona cnne1ec1no na Teonak1 e naxno ne caxo sa 1ona, sa-
mo1o o1 nero ce nnxa, ne Oxpncka1a apxnennckonnx cn e na
sanasna cnox1a nesanncnxoc1 n no npexe na nnsan1ncko1o na-
nnec1no n Brrapnx, no ranno sa1ona, ne o1 nero ce pasnpa, kak
napnrpacknx1 na1pnapx ne e n nacen nnkakna npnnnernx
na Oxpncka1a apxnennckonnx, n ne 1x nnkora ne e c1oxa no
nonesa na napnrpacknx na1pnapx n ne 1x ne e nxaa nnkakna
nprska c Hapnrpa. H 1osn ak1 onponeprana 1esa1a, ne rrapn-
1e nn nokprc1enn o1 rrpnn1e, samo1o nnane Oxpncka1a apxne-
nnckonnx meme a ce cnn1a sa apxnennckonnx na Hapnrpacka1a
nrpkna. Tx ce crsae o1 Kc1nnnan c npana, pannn na npana1a na
pnxcknx nana, koe1o ce no1nrpn o1 Bacnn II, sa1ona Teonak1
cera ce nyn kak napnrpacknx1 na1pnapx cn nosnoxna a ce xe-
cn n pao1n1e na nesanncnxa1a Oxpncka apxnennckonnx.
144
Mnoro ca cropaxennx1a, kon1o nn kapa1 a cnn1axe Teon-
ak1 sa rrapnn, nenpexenno sa rrapnn. Tyk neka ns1rknex
caxo eno: enn rprk nnkora ne n cn nosnon, ne n npne a
nsnonxna n a samn1ana rrapcko1o nepym. Bepym1o ce npne-
xa c kprmenne1o. Enn nrsnn1an n o1pacr n rprnko1o nepym
rprk nxxa a nanycne nepym1o na napoa cn n a npnexe a sa-
mn1ana eno nepym, koe1o rrpnn1e xyexa. To e n rrapnn n
sa1ona e nasnanen sa apxnennckon n Oxpn, sa1ona nannca xn1n-
e1o na cn. Knxen1, n koe1o 1o xnoro nr1n ce npoxnxna ka1o
rrapnn. Ho Knxen1, Teonak1 n pyrn xoxe a ce crn sa
ky1ypa1a na rrapn1e no onona npexe. Tx e panna na onasn na
rrpnn1e n pnxxnn1e. Kora1o Me1onenn1e ynennnn xxa npnny-
enn a nanycna1 Hanonnx, 1e ce nrpnaxa n Oxpn, n ceanme-
1o na apxnennckonnx1a Hrpna Kc1nnnana, a ne n Hapnrpa nn
n Hpecan, kre1o 1orana n rocnoc1na nxkakrn cn ,npar-
rapckn xan, a 1ona nokasna, ne 1e ca nn xopa na Oxpncka1a
apxnennckonnx. Tyk Knxen1 c1ana na-oc1onnx1 ynennk na
Konc1an1nn n Me1on n cr1pynnk na nap Mnxan, ko1o npo-
rxn n sa1exen sanonna1o1o nrpkonno n napono ononenne
na rrapcknx napo.
Ka1o cnrpmnaxe 1yk namn1e eexkn, nne me kaxex, ne
npocexnakn pasnn1ne1o na rrapcka1a nrpkna, nonek no-xc-
no nnxa n pasnpa, ne rrapn1e ca ne caxo c1apn xpnc1nxnn,
no n c1apn 1pakonnpnnn nn no-ope 1pakoxakeonnn.
nemnn1e xakeonnn ca no1oxnn1e na nnn n Aekcanrp
Makeonckn. Hpenn na 1r roexnx n yne1en npoex, npe-
nn na roexn1e npenx1c1nnx, kon1o nn ce npanexa o1 xepoan-
na rrapcka c1pana, nne ce cnn1axe sa mac1nnn, ne ycnxxxe a
ro paspemnx: rrapn1e ca c1apn 1pakonnpnnn n c1apn xpnc-
1nxnn.
Ho npexe1o na nap Mnxan rrapn1e oc1nrnaxa o na-
nncoka1a c1enen na nannonano n ky1ypno pasnn1ne.
145
HPHHOXEHHE I
BTHIAPCKATA HCTOPHB
B HAH-HOBA BTHIAPHB
IHABA I
HCTOPHHECKHBT METO
1. Mnenne n qakx
As xncex a nsoxa npn kon yconnx rrapcknx1 napo ce
e nrsnra n npn kon e naa, oane 1ona nsoxenne meme a ns-
ese xako rro, 1a ro oc1annx. O1 1ona nsoxenne sarpxax
caxo onona, koe1o ce o1nacx o pasnn1ne1o na nc1opnnecka1a na-
yka n Brrapnx. Xopa1a ne1a1 sa pasnoracnx1a xexy Henon n
npnnrpxennnn1e na 1ypcka1a 1eopnx n ce nyx1.
Enn en enn rocnonn, nen na Akaexnx1a na naykn1e,
xn kasa: ,A e kakno ce npennpa1e, nan n pyrn1e kasna1, ne
rrapn1e ca xynn? O1ronopnx xy: ,Kasna1, caxo ne ne kasna1,
ne Henon rn e nane na 1asn xncr, sa1ona ce npennpaxe.
Ocnen 1ona, ce npennpaxe nopan pasnn nrsren nrpxy nc-
1opnx1a nsomo.
As kasnax, ne nc1opnx1a e nnyk1nnna nayka, kox1o nonnna
na ak1n. Koe1o ne nonnna na ak1n, ne e nc1opnx. Hc1opnx1a e
cop na cnc1exa1nsnpann ak1n.
Mon1e rrapckn npo1nnnnnn kasna1, ne nc1opnx1a e cop
o1 xnennx.
Ha xnennx oane xora1 a nonnna1 ac1pak1nn1e naykn, a
nc1opnx1a e nooxn1ena nayka. Tr nanpnxep, npen a ce sa-
nonne ena nona, ana1 ce xnennx ko me noen, koko npexe
me 1pae nona1a n np. Ce ka1o cnrpmn nona1a, nna1 nc1o-
pnnn1e, crnpa1 ak1n1e n kasna1: nona1a 1pax 1okona npexe,
noen 1osn n np. Tona e nc1opnx n neoopnxa nc1nna, a pyro-
1o eme caxo xnenne nn an1asnx. Ko1o ne snae kakno e c1a-
nao, ne xoxe a ro onncna. Mnennx1a cnaa1 n oac11a na e-
e1pnc1nka1a, a ne n onasn na nc1opnx1a.
Honexe eme nac1anao npexe, kora1o rrapn1e xxa sa-
panenn n o1 cee cn, n o1 cne1a, kora1o ce ysna, ne na Bakancknx
146
noyoc1pon xnnee nxkakrn napo no nxe1o rrapn, sanonna a
ce pascrxana o1kre ce e nse 1ox napo. Tr ka1o nncnaxa
ak1n, sanonnaxa a ce nskasna1 xnennx. Bcekn, ko1o ce saxnc-
xme nrpxy rrapn1e, nskasname cnoe xnenne no 1exnnx npons-
xo. Enn nskasaxa xnenne, ne rrapn1e nn nnn, nyn, snpx-
nn, a pyrn, ne ca caxoen, 1ypnn.
Baapnk nskasa xnenne (es ak1n), ne rrapn1e nn n-
nn, omn o1 Vpa n Bora, kon1o no non1ec1no1o na Acna-
pyx n 680 r. ocnonan rrapcka1a rpxana xexy ynan n Ba-
kana. Koko1o nnca1en, 1okona xnennx. Honexe ncekn nskasna-
me cnoe xnenne, o1 1ona nsnsa, ne nnko ne cnn1ame xnennx1a
na pyrn1e sa nc1opnx. Mnennx1a 1pax1 o1orana, oka1o ce na-
xepx1 ak1n. Haxepx1 n ce ak1n, 1e o1naa1.
Mnenne1o ne e nayka. Hayka e caxo onona, koe1o nonnna na
nooxn1enn ak1n. Honexe xnennx1a nxxa1 c1onoc1 sa nc1o-
pnx1a, Henon rn o1xnrpx n ce onnpa caxo na ak1n.
To kasna, ne rrapn1e ca c1apn ckn1n nn xynn, samo1o
c1apn1e an1opn ca rn osnannn ka1o 1aknna; ne rrapn1e ca c1a-
pn 1pakonnpnnn, samo1o c1apn1e an1opn ca rn osnannn ka1o
1aknna; ne rrapn1e ca c1apn xpnc1nxnn, samo1o c1apn1e an1o-
pn cnne1ec1na1 1ona n np. To nnponex ne kasna nnmo o1 cee
cn. To ne nsnsa crc cnoe xnenne nn 1eopnx, a npeana cnne-
1ec1na1a na c1apn1e an1opn.
Herona1a pao1a ce crc1on n crnpane n cnc1exa1nsnpane
na ak1n1e. Onsn, ko1o ocnopna nsnon1e na Henon, 1pxna no-
nanpe a ocnopn npnneenn1e o1 nero ak1n.
Mnosnna oane ne npanx1 pasnka xexy Henon, Baapnk,
Bnmxanon n np., kon1o nskasaxa caxo cnon xnennx nn npeno-
oxennx. Tr nanpnxep, -p He1rp Mnx1en n c1a1nx1a cn nrn n.
,Mnp o1 26.X.1936 r. nnme, ne 1ona, koe1o ce ynn cera sa rra-
pn1e, no yc1anoneno o1: Tynxan, Enre, Kanpo1, Hoc, peen,
Baapnk, Piocep, Hpenek, pnnon, 3a1apckn, Bnmxanon n p.
,Henon n n xnnao1o ce e onn1na a oopna 1nrpennx1a (ne
ak1n1e na 1esn ynenn). Heronn1e 1eopnn ca koko1o c1pannn,
1okona n an1ac1nnnn, nnme Mnx1en. Honek xoxe a rpemn,
oane neopocrnec1noc11a npann omo nnena1enne, kora1o ce
osnanana1 ak1n1e ka1o an1asnn, a an1asnn1e ka1o ak1n.
Honexe Mnx1en ne e ennc1nen, ko1o npann 1ona, neka
orpnex nnnxanne na ceno1o: kora1o Tynxan, Enre, Kan-
po1, peen, Baapnk n Piocep anaxa cnon1e xnennx sa rra-
pn1e, 1orana ome ne xxa nsnec1nn:
147
1) Cnncrkr1 na rrapckn1e knxse, cnope ko1o Acnapyx e
n ne1n rrapckn knxs na ynan, samo1o npen nero 1ax e
nxao pyrn rrapckn knxse. B 1osn cnncrk Acnapyx e 1n1yy-
nan knxs, a ne xan n e nponsnsa o1 c1apnx kpaynanckn po
yo, o1 ko1o e nponsnsa n A1nonnx1 cnn Hpnnk. Bn e sna-
nn o1 xynckn nponsxo.
2) Hsaennx1 o1 Moxsen Xponorpa o1 354 r., ko1o cno-
xenana rrapn1e n nemno1o nx o1enec1no.
3) Kap1a1a na Heponnx (IV n.), n kox1o Mnsnx e o1exsana
ka1o Brrapnx.
4) Xponnka1a na Hoan o1 Hnkny, n kox1o ce kasna, ne n nana-
o1o na VI n. Mnsnx ce e kasnaa Brrapnx, n ome xnoro pyrn.
Ako 1esn n ome xnoro pyrn ak1n xxa nsnec1nn na Baa-
pnk n na crnpexennnnn1e xy, 1e nxxame a kaxa1, ne rrapn1e
ca 1ypnn, kon1o ena n 679 r. ca omn n ona Mnsnx. Te xxa
opxnpan cnon1e xnennx cnope 1oranamnn1e annn sa nayka-
1a. Cera 1esn xnennx o1naa1, samo1o ca saxec1enn o1 ak1n1e.
Ako nanpnxep Enon, Kacnoop, Koxec Mapnenn, Hopan,
Hoan Maaa, kon1o ca xnnen npes V n VI nek, cnn1a1 rrapn-
1e sa c1apn nnpnnn n 1paknnn, nnkakna c1onoc1 nxxa1 xne-
nnx1a na Baapnk, n pyrn1e neronn crnpexennnnn, n noprx-
nnnn, ne 1e nn omn ena npes 680 r. n nemno1o cn o1enec1-
no. Ko1o ne e paspa 1ona, 1o ne e paspa na-eexen1apnn1e
npnnnnnn na nayka1a. Henon ne ce e xrnn n ne ce xrnn a oop-
na noconenn1e ynenn, a 1e caxn ca ce oopnn, samo1o ak1n1e ca
rn onponepran. Koe1o ne nonnna na ak1n, ne e nc1opnx.
2. Hcxonn ox unennn
Hnan Bnmxanon e nrpnnx1, ko1o na-ncec1panno ce noxr-
nn a pasraae nponsxoa na rrapn1e. To e onx, ko1o e
crpa na-xnoro xa1epna no 1asn 1exa, oane xy nncname
noro1onka1a, kox1o e neoxonxa npn pasrexane1o na no-
onn nrnpocn. Brnpekn 1ona, ne ome pnnon e kasa, ne ako n
V n. e nxao rrapn nokpa cpennx ynan, nne ne xoxex a
nxpnaxe, ne 1e ena npes VII nek ca omn o1 on o ynan.
Bnmxanon ce sae a okasna c e1nxoornneckn koxnnannn nn
xnennx, ne 1e ca 1ypnn, kon1o nn omn o1 Bora n Mnsnx.
Kora1o oane no-krcno 1o nnx, ne nerono1o xnenne ne xo-
xe a ce samn1n c ak1n, 1o saxrna n c xrnanne1o cn npns-
na, ne e nanpann rpemka. Tyk 1o nokasa xapak1ep.
148
Tosn xapak1ep o1crc1na y nokoenne1o ce Bnmxanon.
Ha-o1xnen samn1nnk na cyek1nnnn1e xnennx y nac ce xnn
Bacn 3a1apckn. Makap ne xnenne1o na Baapnk n pyrn, ne
rrapn1e nn krcno omn nnn, kon1o n 680 r. ocnonan r-
rapcka rpxana xexy ynan n Bakana, a e onponeprano o1
ak1n1e, 3a1apckn sanexapn ak1n1e, a nxenno, ne Mnsnx ome
n IV n. ce e kasnaa Brrapnx n np., n sanonna a samn1ana nska-
sann1e npen nec1a ronnn xnennx, ne rrapn1e nn krcnn
npnmrnn. H 1o kak? C rxnnn onon. To sanonna a pasn-
panx na rrapcko1o omec1no kak Teoan n Hnknop nn cnn-
e1ec1nan, ne rrapn1e nn omn npes VII nek, koe1o, kak-
1o cromnxxe no-npen, ne e nxpno, samo1o 1esn an1opn cnn1a-
xa rrapn1e sa c1apn 1pakonnpnnn. amnnoc11a na 1ona
xnenne ce yc1anonn n no 1osn nannn, ne 3a1apckn n cynax e
npennca Ioynnckn n Baapnk, no sa a npnae naxnoc1 na
pao1a1a cn, 1o kasa, ne Teoan n Hnknop ca pasnpanxn no-
ono nemo.
Honexe 3a1apckn nnmeme, ne ena Acnapyx n one npes
679 r. rrapn n Mnsnx n ena ,xan Kpyx n xnna C1apa na-
nnna, 1a sanomna Con, as onaponax n 1908 r. knnra1a ,Br-
rapn1e ca no-c1apn nocennnn na Tpaknx n Makeonnx o1 canx-
nn1e, n kox1o noconnx ak1n, ne Opnn, Hopy, Bnsa n Kxna
Tpaknx o Hapnrpa ca nn rrapckn npen Kpyx. Ocnen 1o-
na as cpannnx paskasn1e na Hoan Maaa (VI n.) sa xynn1e n Tpa-
knx n Hnpnx, c onesn na Teoan n yc1anonnx, ne Teoan ykna-
no e npenncna Maaa, caxo ne nxec1o nxe1o xynn, koe1o yno1-
pexname Maaa, Teoan kasname rrapn. O11yk nocena xo-
x1 nsno, ne y rrapn1e nporxana nc1opnx1a na xynn1e. Tona
xoe okasa1ec1no npnnyn Hpenek (ko1o o1orana o1xnrpx-
me xync1no1o na rrapn1e n rn cnn1ame sa nnn) a nen1nsn-
pa rrapn1e c xynn1e, koe1o 1o nanpann npes 1910 r. n cnox1a
Ceschichte der Serben. Honexe c 1ona ce nsxenn npnnnnnr1, na
ko1o nonnna nerona1a nc1opnx, Hpenek ne ce crracn a npnro1-
nn n1opo nsanne o1 cnox1a rrapcka nc1opnx, kora1o npen
nona1a e nokanen a nanpann 1ona.
Ocnen 1ona n cnoxena1a1a xox knnra as onaponax okasa-
1ec1no1o xn, ne 1n1n1e ,kannac n ,kanec ne ca nnmo pyro,
ocnen c1apocanxnckn1e 1n1n ,krnesi n ,krniasi, koe1o ce
pasnpa n o1 1ona, ne Acnapyx e 1n1yynan knsi, nrk n o1 ak1a,
ne cnope Teoan n Hnknop Acnapyx e napnna xxc1o1o, n ko-
e1o e cnpx, onrocr n orocr, 1.e. rrr, koe1o e canxncka y-
149
xa. O1 1esn ak1n ce nnxame, ne rrapn1e nn1o ca krcnn npn-
mrnn, nn1o ca 1ypnn. 3a1apckn, oane, es a rn onponeprae,
nporxn a npeana nyxn1e xnennx, ne rrapn1e nn krc-
no omn 1ypnn. As o1anax 1ona na rrapcknx eronsrx n nna1:
rrapnnr1 ne 1rpnn pyr rrapnn a okaxe nemo.
Conckn npoecop, ko1o eme ne noconena1a no-rope
xox knnra, xn kasa: ,Bne nxa1e npano ,kannac n ,kanec ne e
,xan, a e c1apocanxncko1o ,krniasi. ope, no npoecopr1 ne
noxea nynnno a nskaxe 1ona xnenne. Hynnno 1o norp-
xame n norpxa 1n1a1a xan!
Ckopo ce 1ona nac1ana cnop ns nec1nnnn1e xexy xene n
Ieoprn Baacnen. Baacnen eme nnca, ne nrpnonanano r-
rapckn1e rpxannn rann ca 1n1yynann x a n, a noce n a p. As
xy nrspasnx, ne 1n1a1a ,xan nnkora ne e anana na rrapckn-
1e rpxannn rann n ne na-c1apa1a 1n1a e r e x. Ome no ron-
na 531-a Teoan ronopn sa na rrapckn perec (kpae) n Mnsnx.
Baacnen xn nrspasn, ne 1ona ne e nxpno, n sa a pasepe omec-
1no1o, ne as ronopx nenepnn pao1n, 1o npeoxn anke1a n no-
conn naxa npoecopn ka1o anke1iopn, o1 kon1o ennnx1 eme
onx, ko1o xn kasa, ne nxax npano, e ,kannac ne e ,xan, a e ,kr-
niasi. As ce crracnx. Hpoecopn1e nanpannxa anke1a1a, no ka-
1o nnxxa, ne as nxax npano, o1kasaxa a crc1anx1 npo1oko.
Ako 1esn npoecopn xxa crc1annn npo1oko, ako 1e xxa kasa-
n, ne ome n 531 r., 1.e. npen Acnapyx, e nxao rrapckn kpa-
e n Mnsnx, kon1o ca 1n1yynann ,perec, a ne ,xanone, ako x-
xa kasan, ne ,kanec ne snann ,xan, a ,krnesi, ome 1orana me-
me a nsnesne xnenne1o, ne rrapn1e ca krcno omn 1ypnn.
Tyk nne nxaxe npnxep, kre1o rrapcknx1 npoecop crsna-
1eno ne e ncka a kaxe nc1nna1a. H nonexe npoecopn n nec
nporxana1 a samn1ana1 1esa1a, ne rrapn1e ca krcno omn
1ypckn xanone, xoxex a kaxex, ne 1e npes nxo1o npexe na cno-
e1o npoecopc1nane crsna1eno ca sayxanan ynamn1e ce.
Kakno onepne xoxe a nxa xnnnc1rpr1 na opasonanne1o
n xnennx1a na noonn npoecopn?
3. Mnennexo na ynnnecnxexa
3a a npensnnkax eno pasnpa1ec1no n 1ona o1nomenne,
as ce kanna1npax sa onen1 no cpena nc1opnx, nonexe ce 1rp-
ceme 1akrn. Mon1e pao1n xxa aenn na B. 3a1apckn sa npe-
nenka.
150
C xox1a knnra ,Brrapn1e ca no-c1apn nocennnn na Tpaknx
n Makeonnx o1 canxnn1e as xx cnno npensnnka 3a1apc-
kn, samo1o 1ax ne caxo xx noconn, ne rrapn1e npen Kpyx
ca nocexnan Opnn n Kxna Tpaknx, no xx npnne n neoopn-
xn ak1n, ne rrapn1e ne caxo npen Acnapyx, no n npen ca-
nxnn1e ca nocexnan n Tpaknx, n Makeonn; xx noconn, ne xy-
nn1e na Maaa ca napenenn o1 Teoan rrapn n ne y rrapn-
1e nporxana nc1opnx1a na xynn1e.
O1 3a1apckn cera ce nckame nn a onponeprae 1ona, nn a
ro npnsnae.
Honexe 3a1apckn eno1o ne xoxeme, a pyro1o ne xeae-
me, 1o npnerna o opnen1ackn xn1poc1n. 3a a sayn a-
ky1e1a, 1o kasa: ,a ce pasrea n onenn nxo1o (koe1o Henon
e nannca) me 1pxna a ce nannme enn 1ox na nr1n no-roxx
o1 knnra1a na r-n Henon. 3a1ona xncnx, ne sa a ce sanosnaex
c neronnx nc1opnneckn xe1o n c 1ona, okoko 1o nosnana n
pasnpa xa1epnx1a, na kox1o onepnpa, oc1a1rnno e a pasre-
axe kak 1o okasna ena nn ne o1 rannn1e cn 1esn. 3a 1akn-
na nne nspaxxe: ,Io1cko1o nokprc1nane e cne1eno sa rrapcko
nokprc1nane (n np.), ka1o nrnpocn no-nosna1n (!) n nopan 1ona
nonn1aexnx1 aky1e1en crne1 me xoxe a cn crc1ann no-nr-
no nonx1ne sa nc1opnneckn1e nennoc1n na r-n Henonn1e xnennx
(?) n nrsren
148)
.
C 1ona 3a1apckn xapak1epnsnpa aky1e1nnx crne1 ka1o
xaorpaxo1en, ko1o pasnpa caxo nsnec1nn pao1n, a pyrn ne.
Tosn crne1 ne xorr a pasepe, ne rrapn1e ca nocexnan
Tpaknx n Makeonnx npen Acnapyx, nemo, koe1o n ena1a pas-
npa1, a n paspa sane1ennx nrnpoc no ro1cko1o nokprc1na-
ne. Kak 1orana aky1e1nnx1 crne1 e xorr a o1xnrpn kann-
a1ypa1a na Henon, mox ne e npoynn ncnnko, koe1o Henon e
nannca? O1 1ona ce nnxa, ne naynen nsop aky1e1r1 ne e
nanpann n ne 1o crc cnox no1 caxo e nokpn ena amnnoc1.
ope, no sa nokprc1nane1o na rrapn1e ne ce nn1a. Hn1a ce:
xnnen n ca rrapn1e npen Acnapyx n npen canxnn1e n Tpa-
knx n Makeonnx? On1anan n ca rrapn1e Opnn npen Kpyx
n np., n opa1no: ocnona1ena n e 1esa1a na 3a1apckn, ne Opnn
nnkora ne e n rrapckn, ne rrapn1e nn oneenn o1 Acna-
pyx n Mnsnx ena n 679 r. n np., samo1o o1 o1ronopa na 1esn nrnpo-
cn sanncn o1ronopr1 an rrapn1e ca c1apn xpnc1nxnn, nn ne.
Hac no-xako nn nn1epecyname n nn1epecyna an rrapn-
1e ca caxoen, 1ypnn n np.; nac nn nn1epecyna kox sexx ca noce-
151
xnan rrapn1e n o1kora. Brnpocnn1e 1esn nponsnexa1 ,nx
npenpa1 n nanana1a nc1opnx na cpenn1e nekone, kak1o cax
3a1apckn nnme, a ne nokprc1nane1o na rrapn1e. Honexe 3a-
1apckn nserna a o1ronopn na 1esn nrnpocn, 1o npnsna 1xxna-
1a neoopnxoc1, a pyro1o ca cnekyannn, kon1o ne ronopx1 o-
pe ne caxo sa nero, no n sa ynnnepcn1e1a, ko1o ce npann, ne ne
rn nnxa.
Kak rrapnnr1 npenonn1a a ckonn n a ce yann n ka1a
caxo a ne npnsnae sacyrn1e na pyr rrapnn, ce nnxa o1
cenn1e yxn na 3a1apckn:
,Henon npeneperna ncnnkn pesy1a1n, on1n ocera n nc-
1opnnecka1a nayka no sacerna1n1e o1 nero nrnpocn, n ce saanx
cax (caxo) nrs ocnona na nrpnonsnopn1e a okaxe nepnoc11a n
cnpanennoc11a na cnon1e nrsren, a o11yk n amnnoc11a n
an1ac1nnnoc11a na crmec1nynamn1e sacera xnennx.
He 1pxna, snann a ce onnpa nonek na nrpnonsnopn, o1 kon-
1o ce nnxa ,amnnoc11a n an1ac1nnnoc11a na crmec1nyna-
mn1e xnennx. a ne ce nne noa o1 nsnop, a o1 a1o.
Tesn amnnn xnennx xxa, ne Tpaknx n Makeonnx nnkora
ne ca nn rrapckn. 3a a ne ce oopx1 1e, ne 1pxna a ce onn-
pa nonek na nrpnonsnopn, a a cyma kakno kasa 1osn nn onsn
xoepen non1nk! He1a na ynnnepcn1e1a 1orana na ne a ce
1rpcn n samn1ana nc1nna1a, a a ce samn1ana amnnoc11a na
oceramnn1e xnennx! Hpecenakn 1asn ne, cnoxena1n1e o1
nac no-npen naxa npoecopn ne nckaxa a crc1anx1 npo1oko,
kora1o nnxxa, ne e nxao rrapn n Mnsnx n Tpaknx npen Ac-
napyx; ne nckaxa a kaxa1, ne ,krnec ne e ,xan, a ,knes n np.,
samo1o, ako kaxexa 1ona, me nsese, ne oceramnn1e xnennx ca
nn amnnn.
Ena amnnoc1 ce samn1ana c pyra amnnoc1.
Ako noono c1anonnme n ce nseo o1 ynnnepcn1e1a na nx-
kox sananoenponecka c1pana, ynnnepcn1e1r1 n n nenara
sa1nopen, samo1o nnko napo ne n npne a norpxa xopa,
kon1o npononxna1 noonn npnnnnnn, npnnnnnn, kon1o, ocnen
1ona, ca npnnnnnn na nenpnx1en1e na napoa.
Honexe ak1n1e nxxa1 nnkakna c1onoc1, 3a1apckn, sa a
okaxe necrc1ox1enoc11a na Henon, conn cenn1e kasann o1
Henon yxn n nperonopa na knnra1a xy: ,Brrapn1e ne ca nn-
mo pyro, ocnen c1apn ynanckn ke1ockn1n, y kon1o nporxa-
na nc1opnx1a na ro1n, xynn, anapn, nsomo 1asn na c1apn1e ckn-
1n n 1pakn.
152
Box 1ona e nenxpno, 1orana xexy xynn n rrapn nxxa nn-
kakna nprska. Hc1opnx1a na xynn1e ne nporxana n 1asn na r-
rapn1e.
A mo ce o1nacx o nokprc1nane1o na rrapn1e, 3a1apckn
kasna: ,Hc1opnneckn1e nscenannx ca yc1anonnn, ne nokprc1-
nane1o na rrapn1e e c1anao n 864f865 r. npn knxs Bopnc, na-
penen Mnxan, ne xpnc1nxnc1no1o e npne1o o1 Bnsan1nx n np.
Ianno Henon o1xnrpx ncnnko 1ona. n cnn1a, ne rrapcko1o
nokprc1nane n IX n. e nsxncnna.
ope, no sa 1ona ne ce nn1a, a ce nn1a: nacexnan n ca
rrapn1e npen Acnapyx n Tpaknx, n Makeonnx, nn ne?
a npenooxnx, ne Henon e crpemn, ka1o e kasa, ne r-
rapcko1o nokprc1nane n IX n. e nsxncnna, cena n o1 1ona, ne
C1apa Brrapnx ne e onnpaa o Bocopa n ne rrapn1e npen
Acnapyx ne ca nacexnan Tpaknx n Hnpnx o Honncko xope?
C noonn cnekyannn 3a1apckn ce xrneme a nserne o1-
ronopa na xcno noc1anennx nrnpoc: npan n e 1o, ka1o kasna, ne
Opnn nnkora ne e n rrapckn rpa?
Hsxrnakn a o1ronopn na 1osn nrnpoc, 3a1apckn ae a
ce pasepe, ne 1o yxnmeno e n amnnnnpa nc1opnx1a, ne
Opnn n np. He ca nn rrapckn.
an rrapn1e ca ce nokprc1nn n IX n., nn ne, e nsoxe-
no n knnra II, a 1yk neka caxo kaxex, ne Ianno Henon o1 cee cn
nnmo ne o1xnrpx. Box nsnrkna1 ak1n1e, amnnoc11a naa
caxa. Ako xynn1e ca ome o1 IV n. xpnc1nxnn, kak1o nene noconnx-
xe, ako Kynpa1 e n xpnc1nxnnn n np., ne xoxe a ce kasna, ne
crmn1e 1esn xynn ce nn nokprc1nn ena n IX n. ak1n1e oop-
na1 xnennx1a.
Ho ne e 1ona na-roexnx1 rpxx na Henon, nopan ko1o 1o
e noc1anen nsnrn sakonn1e. Heronnx1 rpxx e, ne 1o ome n knn-
ra1a, kox1o pasrexa 3a1apckn, kasa, ne 1r napnnano1o nok-
prc1nane na rrapn1e n IX n. ne ce e o1nacxo o Mnsncka, a
o Hnpncka, nn Makeoncka Brrapnx. Hapnrpacknx1 cr-
op n 869f870 r. e osnanana ka1o Brrapnx nn rrapcko o1e-
nec1no sexx1a xexy Honncko xope n nperpanx1a na Hapnr-
pa, kox1o ce crc1oeme o1 nponnnnnn1e: na1a Ennpa, nxa Te-
canx, apannx, aknx n np., a ne kpaynancka Mnsnx, ne Mn-
snx e nokprc1nana n IX n., nxxa nnkaknn cneennx. 3nae ce, ne
npes IV n. e na xpnc1nxncka crc cnon1e nannn n ne xynn1e,
kon1o xnneexa 1yk, ca nn xpnc1nxnn. E1o samo Henon osnana-
na ka1o nsxncnna xnennx1a na onnx, kon1o kasna1, ne Mnsnc-
153
ka Brrapnx ce na nokprc1na o1 rrpnn1e npes 865 r. Ako n 865
r. e c1anao yxa sa Mnsncka Brrapnx, kak1o 1nrpn 3a1ap-
ckn n pyrn, 1orana Cn. Knxen1 meme a c1ane apxnennckon n
Hpecan, a ne n Oxpn.
Honexe 3a1apckn no onona npexe pasnpame no Brrapnx
caxo Mnsncka Brrapnx, samo1o cnope nero rrapn1e o Bo-
pnc ca ce nn npoc1npan mxno caxo o Honnn, 1o ce xr-
nn c pasnn nsxncnnn a sayn xopa1a, ne Hnpncka Brra-
pnx, kox1o ce crc1oeme o1 ropecnoxena1n1e nponnnnnn, ne e n-
a rrapcka, a o11yk n nsnor1 xy, ne n 865 r. ce e nokprc1na
Mnsncka, a ne Hnpncka Brrapnx, koe1o ne e nxpno. Crc co-
nsrx ce samn1ana eno amnno xnenne. O1 1ona ce nnxa, ne
3a1apckn crsna1eno e samn1ana amnno1o ,xnenne, ne O-
pnn n pyrn rpaone nnkora ne ca nn rrapckn.
Hckakn a samn1n c1apo1o xnenne, ne Makeonnx n Kxna
Tpaknx nnkora ne ca nn rrapckn n ako o1nac1n ca nn r-
rapckn, 1o caxo ce ,xan Bopnc, 3a1apckn npokaxnpa npnn-
nnna a ne ce oprma nnnxanne na nrpnons1onnnnn1e, cnope
kon1o rrapcko1o nexe ce e pasnpoc1npao nak o Honncko
xope. Honexe Henon e orpna nnnxanne na 1esn nrpnons1on-
nnnn, 3a1apckn o1xnrpn nerona1a kanna1ypa.
Kanna1ypa1a na Henon ce o1xnrpn nnponex ne no nayn-
nn, a no non1nneckn xo1nnn, samo1o 1o e okasa nc1nnn, ko-
n1o na nsnec1nn non1nnn ca nenpnx1nn. Ocnen 1ona 1x e o1x-
nrpena n samo1o Henon e nannca roxxo crnnnenne, sa pasr-
exane1o na koe1o no nyxno a ce nannma1 na xnoro no-ro-
exn 1oxa o1 1pya na Henon. Hpenn na 1ona 3a1apckn e npe-
noprna pyrn xopa, kon1o nn nnmo ne ca nncan, nn nrk crn-
cex xako; kon1o ne oopna1 amnnoc11a na crmec1nynamn1e
xnennx n nnn1o pao1n ne npec1anxna1 nnkakrn 1py sa nper-
exane. Honexe ynnnepcn1e1r1 oopn 1osn nrsre, xoxe a
ce crn sa ky1ypno1o nnno na rrapcka1a axa xa1ep.
ope, no nne 1yk nxaxe pao1a c konkypc. Bn 1pxnao ce-
ra a ce noconn kakna no-opa pao1a e nanpann npne1nx1 kan-
na1 n kak ca ce kasnan ok1opcka1a ncep1annx n xann1a-
nnonna1a pao1a na 1osn kanna1, sa a nnn omec1no1o kak
ynnnepcn1e1r1 nsnpa cnon1e npoecopn.
Ko1o cn nosnoxna a sayxana xopa1a n eno o1nome-
nne, 1o cn nosnoxna a rn sayn n n pyro. Tona no o1nome-
nne na B. 3a1apckn e ns1rkna n Vcnenckn, npek1opr1 na pyc-
knx apxeoornneckn nnc1n1y1 n Hapnrpa. B Hsnec1nx1a na nnc-
154
1n1y1a (Conx, 1910 r.) Vcnenckn noconna, ne npen a ce sanon-
na1 paskonkn1e npn Aoa, e c1ana cnop kre a ce nanpanx1 1e.
Bkopnn n na xnenne a ce nanpanx1 npn Aoa, a 3a1apckn
na pyro xxc1o n osnann xnenne1o na Bkopnn ka1o nonrp-
xnoc1no n nenonnnamo na naynna ocnona. Vcnenckn ce npncren-
nn krx Bkopnn n paskonkn1e ce nanpannn npn Aoa, kre-
1o ec1nn1eno ce o1kpnn rrapckn1e c1apnnn.
Kakno npann cera 3a1apckn?
To o1nmr n Knen na apxeoornnecknx crop n rpxa pe-
epa1, n ko1o kasa, ne nexy ce rxao o1kpnnane1o na r-
rapckn1e c1apnnn npn Aoa. C ena yxa: oxyn na-nanpe an-
1opa na nex1a, a noce npnnnca na cee cn 1asn nex; nsnrpmn,
snann narna1c1no.
Crmo1o nanpann n c Henon.
Hpnrpxakn ce krx pnnon, ko1o ocnopn xync1no1o na
rrapn1e, 3a1apckn oxyn Henon, ko1o e kasa, ne y rra-
pn1e nporxana nc1opnx1a na xynn1e, ne rrapn1e-xynn ca xn-
nen npen Acnapyx nokpa ynan n np., n c 1ona 1o nonnx na
aky1e1a a o1xnrpn kanna1ypa1a na Henon, oane n cnox1a
Hc1opnx I, kox1o nsese npes 1918 r., 3a1apckn nen1nnnnpa
rrapn1e c xynn1e, ka1o npnsna, ne ocnona1en1e na xoepna1a
rrapcka rpxana ca ce kasnan xynn nn xynorynypn, n pasr-
exa xyncka1a nc1opnx ka1o rrapcka nc1opnx. Hpnsna nnpo-
nex, ne rrapn1e nporxana1 nc1opnx1a na xynn1e, nopan ko-
e1o 1o oxyn Henon.
3a1apckn nsnrpmn snann n cera narna1c1no.
O1 nsoxeno1o ce nnxa, ne kora1o 3a1apckn kasa na aky-
1e1a, ne ne ncka a ce sannxana c 1esa1a na Henon, ne rrapn1e
nn xynn, ckn1n n np., 1o e kasa 1ona, samo1o ne xoxeme nn-
mo a nrspasn cpemy nex n samo1o e npne 1asn 1esa, no ncka-
me a x npnnnme na cee cn.
Hexy e na nonepena ena pao1a a ae oek1nnna npe-
nenka no nex, 1o oane n nse crrpxanne1o, a an1opr1 n oxy-
n. To n cynax e none aky1e1a. B ky1ypnn1e c1pann enn
onnnen n na cynax n narna1c1no ynn1e ce ynonxna o1 cyx-
a. V nac opa1no: Koko1o 3a1apckn no-roko narasname n
ka1a, 1okona no-roexn nonec1n xy ce npanexa; 1o e nspan
sa pek1op na ynnnepcn1e1a n sa nonpecea1e na Akaexnx1a
na naykn1e. Vnnnepcn1e1r1 oopn n 1ona. 3a ynnnepcn1e1a nn-
nn1e nn1epecn na nenone1e xy c1ox1 na nayka1a, o1enec1no1o
n xopaa.
155
4. Vnnnecnxex+x
Ho-c1apn1e rrapn, y kon1o npnponnx1 xopa ome ne e-
me yracna, sa a cnacx1 nayka1a o1 anapxnx1a, kox1o e nonna-
a a osexa rpxana1a, cn kasaxa a aa1 na ynnnepcn1e1a ns-
nec1na an1onoxnx: 1o nrs ocnona na npano1o n cnpanennoc1-
1a a nsnpa npoecopn1e, ka1o ce e xncno, ne xopa ynenn, sa
kaknn1o ce cnn1axa npoecopn1e, me ce prkonox1 caxo o1 nn1e-
pecn1e na nayka1a n xopaa. Okasa ce oane, ne namn1e npoe-
copn ome ne ca nn opacn sa 1ona onepne.
B nc1opnx1a na nonenec1no1o nxxa 1akrn npnxep, a ce nse-
xe nex1a na an1opa, a an1opr1 a ce noc1ann nsnrn sakonn1e.
Anapxnc1nnnnx1 npnnnnn, ncekn a xoxe a nrpmn kakno1o nc-
ka, a nnko a ne o1ronapx sa ea1a cn, cn oc1ana rocnoc1nam
npnnnnn n sa ynnnepcn1e1a.
An1onoxnx1a ce ae sa samn1a na nayka1a n xopaa, a ynn-
nepcn1e1r1 x nsnosna sa samn1a na nn1epecn1e na cnon1e neno-
ne. Honexe npoecopr1 ne noexn na nenocpec1neno ynone-
nne o1 xnnnc1rpa na opasonanne1o, 1o xoxe a narna1c1na,
crsna1eno a samn1ana ,amnnn xnennx, kon1o ca naconenn
npo1nn crmec1nynane1o na rrapcko1o nexe ka1o napo, a
oxnxna, ne ak1n, o1 kon1o ce nnxa, ne ceramnn1e xnennx ca
amnnn, ne ce npnexa1 n np., es a ce cnn1a sa rxen a o1-
ronapx sa 1ona npe koro1o n a no: nnc1 n xcen anapxnc1nnen
npnnnnn.
As xnnaa1a ronna ce kanna1npax sa npoecop no r-
rapcka nc1opnx, samo1o ce 1rpceme 1akrn. Hn1ax pek1opa: Kak-
no ce ncka o1 kanna1a? ,a e nnca nemo no nc1opnx, xn
o1ronopn 1o. Oprma n ce nnnxanne na crrpxanne1o na na-
nncano1o? ,He, samo1o ncekn npe1ennpa, ne nerono1o xne-
nne e npannno.
Cnope ynnnepcn1e1a nc1opnx1a ne nonnna na ak1n, a na
xnennx, a xnennx1a ca neoopnxn, samo1o ncekn xoxe a kaxe,
ne nerono1o xnenne e npannno.
Brs ocnona na 1osn npnnnnn ncekn, ko1o e nnca nemo no
rrapcka nc1opnx n e nskasa nxkakno xnenne, xoxe a c1ane
npoecop no 1asn nc1opnx.
Torana as nonn1ax yc1no, n nncxeno axe, pek1opa n ekana
na nc1opnko-noornnecknx aky1e1: ,Moxe n a ce nasnann
eno nne sa npoecop, nnx1o 1esa e ocnopena, npen 1ona nne
a x e samn1no?
156
Ha 1ona ne xn ce o1ronopn, no o1 onona, koe1o ce nanpann,
ce nnxa, ne xoxe.
Hasnann ce eno nne, koe1o ne e nncao cnc1exna pao1a
no npexe1a, a e nncao nscenane nrpxy ocnonanane1o na
rrapcka1a eksapxnx. Moxeme n ynnnepcn1e1r1 a sakmnn o1
1asn pao1a, ne nrnpocno1o nne snae kon ca rrapn1e, nnx1o
nc1opnx 1o ce na1onapna a ne1e?
Tona nne, ce ka1o xy ce nonepn ka1epa1a no rrapcka
nc1opnx, sa a nokaxe cnox1a ynenoc1, nannca nrn nec1nnk ,La
Parole Bulgare ena c1a1nx nrpxy nokprc1nane1o na xan Bopnc
o1 rrpnn1e. Cnope pea, npne1 n ky1ypnn1e c1pann, oka1o 1o-
na nne ne n okasao, ne Bopnc e n xan, ne n xoro a r-
e npoecop no rrapcka nc1opnx, samo1o nnane me nsese, ne
nexy ce nosnoxna a npenoana nenepnn pao1n.
Tesn nersn ca ns1rkna1n n o1 pyrn xopa.
Beno T. Benen n ena c1a1nx, noxec1ena nrn n. ,Mnp o1
7.VI.1937 r., ka1o nsara nanenno1o crc1oxnne n ynnnepcn1e1a,
nnme xexy pyro1o:
,H, koe1o e ome no-1rxno, penann1e opn n crnepnnnec-
1na crc cpec1na, neoc1onn sa npoecopcko1o snanne, sa kak-
nn1o ce ronopn n omec1no1o, ce o1ana1 ranno na xopa o1 cpe-
a1a na no-xan1e npoecopn. Ako 1ona e nxpno, me nsese, ne
noxaxnane1o na npoecopcknx nepcona ne nnacx noope-
nne n nero. A 1ona snann, ne caxo1o noxaxnane na npoecop-
c1no1o ne c1ana c nyxno1o nsncknane sa oc1onc1na1a na kan-
na1n1e sa npoecopn. Kpano nenano e, n nne cnoxenana-
xe 1ona crc cxymenne sa reme1o na namnx ynnnepcn1e1, ne
ca nanpanenn paskpn1nx sa npoecopn, kon1o ca cn nocyxnn c
narna1c1no, sa a noc1rnx1 n ynnnepcn1e1a. Crmo n nxkon o1
nasnanennx1a sa npoecopn nn c1anan es oc1a1rnno onpan-
anne crc cepnosnn naynnn 1pyone na kanna1n1e, a no npnx-
1eckn n pyrn nnxnnx.
Tesn yxn, kasann o1 enn nnane cnxna1nsnpam na npoeco-
pn1e c1ap omec1nennk, n 1pxnao a nakapa1 npann1ec1no-
1o a ce nosaxncn nrpxy pao1n1e n ynnnepcn1e1a, n 1o ome no-
nene, nonexe nemnnx1 pexnx e npo1nn nap1nsanc1no1o, a 1ona,
koe1o ce nrpmn n ynnnepcn1e1a, cnope ropekasano1o, ne e n
nap1nsanc1no?
157
IHABA II
HAVKA H HOHHTHKA
1. nexe omecxnenn xenennn n B+rann
Typcka1a n rprnka1a 1npannx xxa cnen rrapcknx napo
o na-nncko1o c1rnao na nonemka1a ky1ypa, no rrapmnna-
1a xy 1e ne xoxaxa a nskopenx1.
B crsnanne1o na napoa nce ome xxa oc1anan saponmn o1
nannonaen yce1. Tosn yce1 ce pasnn c npexe1o. V nxkon n crsna-
nne. Brrapcknx1 napo crsna, ne e n napo n e nxa cnox ca-
xoc1ox1ena rpxana n ycnx axe a cn nsnomna cnox napona
nrpkna. Pycnx ocnoon ena nac1 o1 rrapcknx napo. Ocno-
oenn1e rrapn ce oxnnxa sa caxoc1ox1eno ynpanenne, no
1e ce pasenxa no a1annsrx na na xa.
Xepoo1 kasna sa namn1e npaen knxepnn1e nn ckn1n1e
ceno1o:
Benrx nepcn1e rn nananan. Te ce crpan na crne1 a pe-
ma1 kakno a npanx1. Ho-nxo1nn1e kasan, ne 1pxna nenpexen-
no a ce samn1ana1, 1a ako n ncnnkn a nxa sarnnan. ,Ako ns-
xraxe o11yk, kre xoxex a nex n kakna me re nama1a cr-
a, kasan 1e. pyra1a nap1nx na na xnenne a ne ce nx1, a
a xra1. H nonexe na no-xnoropona n no-cnna, 1x ce nax-
nrpna nrpxy onesn, kon1o nckan a ce nx1 n rn nsna. Tora-
na naxyn nepcn1e n esnpenx1c1neno sansen knxepncka1a se-
xx. Hsxran1e o1nmn a cn 1rpcx1 npexpana1a npn pyrn na-
pon. Xepoo1 rn napnna douloi, 1.e. cyrn, pon, a1nnnn1e no-
krcno napekoxa ckanenn (cyrn, pon), a no-nonn1e nnca1en rn
napekoxa canenn.
Ce Ocnooxenne1o rrapcknx1 napo ce pasen na na
xa. Ennnx1 x, ko1o ce napnname canxnonn, e na xne-
nne, ne Brrapnx 1pxna a ce noc1ann no npo1ek1ypa1a na Py-
cnx, samo1o 1x caxa ne xora a ce ynpanxna.
pyra1a nap1nx, kox1o ce napnname na1pno1n, eme sa ena
caxoc1ox1ena Brrapnx. Oxec1onenn1e opn xexy 1esn ne
nap1nn nrnx1 nc1opnx1a na Brrapnx o1 ocnooxenne1o o
cne1onna1a nona. Pyconn1e, ce sacnnxa o1 pasnn1e xoepnn
1enennx, ka1o koxynnc1n, connanc1n n pyrn -nc1n, kon1o o1
naponoc1 n o1enec1no ne ce nn1epecynaxa. O1enec1nomne1o
158
ce cne1e sa nopok, sa nasannnanoc1. Texko na 1osn, koxy1o ns-
eseme yxa, ne e na1pno1. Kora1o (1907 r.) as nsaox xox1a
knnra ,Hpao1enec1no1o na rrapn1e, o1 kox1o nsnsao, ne
rrapn1e ca nn nemo no-opo o1 onona, koe1o ce xnceme
ocera sa 1xx, as xx oxnen sa na1pno1 n, ceona1eno, sa no-
nek, ko1o c1on nsnrn sakonn1e. Bcnnkn, kon1o xe kpn1nkynaxa,
kpn1nkynaxa xe ne no crrpxanne, ne samo1o noconenn1e o1 xen
annn ca nenepnn, a samo1o crx n na1pno1, ko1o nsnacx
ak1n, ne rrapn1e nn n xpapn, n ky1ypnn, kora1o cnope
xnenne1o na xon1e npo1nnnnnn no onennno, ne rrapn1e ca
crsaenn o1 npnpoa1a sa 1op na nyxn nnnn. C1. Maenon xe
xapak1epnsnpa ka1o monnnnc1 n xe kpn1nkyname, samo1o crx
n monnnnc1. Tona xy oc1onc1no xy o1nopn npa1n1e na ynn-
nepcn1e1a.
Mox1 monnnnsrx, ka1o okasna, ne Tpaknx n Makeonnx ca
c1apn rrapckn sexn, sanamna, o1 ena c1pana, Pycnx, kox1o
acnnpnpame sa Kxna Tpaknx, a, o1 pyra c1pana nanonckn1e
canxnn, kon1o acnnpnpaxa sa Coyn. Tona nakapa Zrnn a nann-
me npes 1916 r., kora1o c1aname cnopr1 sa Tpaknx n Makeonnx,
n cnox Archiv fur slavische Philologie ena xya npo1nn xene, kak-
na1o ocera ne ce snae a e nncana npo1nn nxko nsceona1e.
Bec1nnk ,Mnp norpsa a cromn 1asn xya na rrapcko1o
omec1no.
Koe eme nakapao Zrnn a nsese nsnrn cee cn? Mnosnna
xopa nnma1 nemo, koe1o na pyrn ne xapecna, no npo1nn 1xx ne
ce noc1rnna 1r.
Hanonckn1e cannc1n cnn1axa cn.cn. Knpn n Me1on sa
rrpnn, kon1o npenen Cn. nncanne sa nanonckn1e canxnn. Oa-
ne ce noxnnxa n pyrn cannc1n, nanpnxep Hecknn, ko1o nape-
ne npenoa na cne1n1e pa1x c1aporrapckn, a ne c1apocanxn-
ckn nn nrk nrpkonnocanxnckn, kak1o kasnaxa nanonckn1e ca-
nnc1n.
Zrnn nannca ena omnpna c1ynx n nsannx1a na Bnencka-
1a akaexnx na naykn1e na 1exa ,Kak e nac1ana nrpkonno-ca-
nxncknx1 esnk, n kox1o nac1onnno 1nrpeme, ne npenor1 na
cn. Knpn 1pxna a ce napnna c a n x n c k n n caxo canxnc-
kn. Ha rrapn1e a ne ce oprmao nnnxanne. Ho rrapn 1o
pasnpame cn. Knxen1 n pyrapn1e xy, kon1o (o1 monnnnsrx)
ce napnnan rrapn. Zrnn eme npo1nn nasnanne1o c1apor-
rapckn, samo1o o1 nero n ce paspao, ne xakeonnn1e ca r-
rapn, a ne canxnn, a Zrnn nckame a ca canxnn, a ne rrapn.
159
Kakno snanenne nxame 1asn 1eopnx nrn npexe1o okoo Bakanc-
ka1a nona, ncekn pasnpa.
As ne ce crracxnax c 1asn 1eopnx no cenn1e 1oranamnn
xon cropaxennx: Makeonckn1e canxnn no npexe1o na cn.cn.
Knpn n Me1on ca ce kasnan rrapn, koe1o ce nnxa n o1 pe-
menne1o na Hapnrpacknx cnno n 869f870 r. Box cn.cn. Knpn
n Me1on ca npenen Cn. nncanne na esnka na xakeonckn1e
canxnn, ko1o 1e ca snaen, 1e ca ro nn npenen na rrapc-
kn, a ne na canxnckn, samo1o 1esn canxnn no onona npexe ce
kasnaxa rrapn.
B1opo: Brn ncnnkn nsnec1nx, no rprnkn nn rrapckn, cn.
Knxen1, ko1o coc1neno pasnpoc1pann Knpnona1a nncxe-
noc1, e osnanen ka1o rrapnn. Oxpncka1a apxnennckonnx, kox-
1o 1o ynpanxname, ce napnname Brrapcka apxnennckonnx. O1
1esn ak1n as c1nrnax o nsnoa, ne esnkr1 na cne1n1e pa1x e n
1pxna a ce napnna rrapckn, a ne canxnckn.
Tona xoe c1anonnme eme paspasnno Zrnn o caxosapa-
na; 1o ce naxnrpn npo1nn xene c pasnn nsxncenn enn1e1n.
C1anonnme1o na nanonckn1e cannc1n ce norpxame n o1
rrapckn1e ynenn.
2. Oekxnnnocxxa na +racknxe ynenn
Kak1o ce noconn nene, H. Mne1nn, axe n npes 1929 r., 1.e.
axe n ce nona1a, ne nsese npe konrpeca na cannc1n1e n
Hpara a samn1n rrapnsxa na xakeonnn1e no npexe1o na Kn-
pn n Me1on, n c xrnanne1o cn nokpenn onesn, kon1o kas-
naxa, ne xakeonnn1e nn canxnn, a ne rrapn. Hopan 1asn
xy ,naynna enoc1 1o e oxnen o1 Zrnn n koncopnnyx sa
na-opnx cannc1.
Mnoro no-roexn sacyrn na canxnc1no1o npnnece oane
Bacn 3a1apckn, ko1o ,okasa, ne Opnn n Kxna Tpaknx ne
nn rrapckn sexn. 3a 1asn xy ycyra pycn1e xy aoxa 1n1a-
1a none1en ok1op, xakap ne 1o eme onnnen n narna1c1no o1
na-koxne1en1nnx pyckn ynen Vcnenckn n xakap ne na enn na-
rna1op ne xoxe a ce ae ok1opcko snanne, 1a kaxo n none1-
no. H rrapckn1e npnx1en ne oc1anaxa nasa. Te nspaxa Mn-
e1nn sa npecea1e, a 3a1apckn sa nonpecea1e na Akae-
xnx1a na naykn1e. 3a non1nneckn, a ne sa naynnn sacyrn cno-
xena1n1e rocnoa noynnxa cnon1e nonec1n.
Hon1nneckn cropaxennx rn nakapaxa a oxnx1 ncnnkn
160
ak1n sa nenannn, o1 kon1o ce nnxa, ne non1nneckn1e 1esn
na nsnec1nn cpen nonnna1 na amnnn npenoc1ankn.
Hon1nnecko exnne e n oko1r1, ko1o ce npann na Henon.
He1oxxe ena c1a1nx nrn n. ,Cne1orac o1 enn n1ananckn
npoecop, n kox1o ce kasna, ne nxe1o na Henon no nsnec1no n
H1anx n Iepxannx. Ha pyro xxc1o cxe nen, ne 1ona nxe no
nsnec1no n nrn pannnx, n n pyrn c1pann. Caxo na xepoannn-
1e ak1opn n Brrapnx 1ona nxe ne no nsnec1no. Hpann xy ce,
snann, oko1. ope, no 1orana me 1pxna a nosnonx n na
npo1nnna1a c1pana, n 1x a nanpann oko1.
Hne ne o1pnnaxe nnkoxy npano1o a nxa cnoe xnenne, ncka-
xe oane a ns1rknex, ne nxa xnennx, kon1o ce nakasna1 o1 sa-
konn1e. Onesn, kon1o xnrpnxa 1ea1pn n nrpknn nrn nrsyxa, sa
a nsnx1 nennnnn xopa, nanpannxa 1ona, samo1o xnenne1o nx e
no 1akona. rpxana1a oane rn nonnka a o1ronapx1 npe sa-
kona sa 1ona xnenne. Crmo1o me 1pxna a nanpann rpxana1a
n c onesn, kon1o cn npncnoxna1 nyx 1py, samo1o 1ona e kpax-
a, a kpaxa1a ce nakasna o1 sakonn1e. Hxxa a cnoxenanaxe
pyrn ak1n, o1 kon1o n ce nnxo, ne rpxana1a, ako ncka a
crmec1nyna, n 1pxnao a ce npo1nnonoc1ann na onesn, kon1o
ec1na1 npo1nn nex.
Tyk me non1opnx ome enn nr1 onona, koe1o C1. Maenon
nnca, a nxenno, ne ko1o ka1o Henon cnn1a ne caxo xynn1e, no n
ckn1n1e, ro1n1e n xacare1n1e sa rrapn, nxxa npano na nayn-
noc1; ne xyncka1a 1eopnx ne nsrpxaa nnkakna kpn1nka n np.
Ce ka1o xync1no1o na rrapn1e ce npne o1 Hpenek n p.,
Maenon, ko1o xyeme Henon, ne ne cyma Bnmxanon, ne
rrapn1e ne ca xynn, a ca 1ypnn, omn o1 Bora, nsxenn xne-
nne1o cn n kasa: ,Bnsko1o cpoc1no na nparrapn1e n xynn1e,
a ne kaxex nen1n1e1r1 nx, nec ne xoxe a ce ocnopna, 1.e.
npnsna 1esa1a na Henon, es a xy cnoxene nxe1o.
B. 3a1apckn o1xnrpn pao1a1a na Henon, samo1o Henon
kasna, ne y rrapn1e nporxana nc1opnx1a na xynn1e, ne r-
rapn1e ca xnnen npen Acnapyx nokpa ynan n np.
Hoce 3a1apckn nsxenn 1ona cn xnenne n n cnox1a ,Hc1o-
pnx na nrpno1o rrapcko napc1no (c1p. 21 n 123), kox1o nse-
se npes 1918 r. ce pao1n1e na Henon, kasa, ne ocnona1ex1 na
xoepna1a rrapcka rpxana Acnapyx n omr na ynan na-
neo na xynorynypn, kon1o 3a1apckn pasrexa o1cera ka1o
rrapn, 1.e. npnsna 1esa1a na Henon, ne nc1opnx1a na xynoryn-
ypn1e nporxana n onasn na rrapn1e; npnsna ome, ne rra-
161
pn1e ca xnnen ome npes V nek, 1.e. npen Acnapyx, nokpa y-
nan n np., a sa Henon n yxa ne kasa. Hpncnon cn snann, ne xynn-
1e ca rrapn, nn nsnrpmn narna1c1no.
Honexe 1esa1a, ne xynn1e ca rrapn, ce nrnee n n ynenn-
nn1e no rrapcka nc1opnx, n nonexe, n 1yk ne ce cnoxena nxe-
1o na Henon, Henon me noxon rocnonn xnnnc1rpa na napo-
na1a npocne1a, ako ne aronon a nonpnkasna c Henon no 1o-
sn nrnpoc, a sapann na ynn1en1e n ynnnma1a n na npoeco-
pn1e n ynnnepcn1e1a a pasnpanx1 na ynennnn1e cn, ne rrapn-
1e ca xynn.
Knnrn, n kon1o nnme 1ona, a ne ce npnexa1 sa ynennnn.
Tona me 1pxna a ce nanpann no ne cropaxennx:
a) samo1o kpann1e ce nakasna1 o1 sakonn1e; ) samo1o no
1osn nannn xaex1a ce nrsnn1ana n narna1c1no, koe1o crmo ne
e nosnoeno.
Kaknn xopann nonx1nx me noynn enn ynennk, kora1o
nnxa, ne onesn, kon1o ca yc1anonnn ena nc1nna, ce noc1anx1
nsnrn sakonn1e, n 1o nxenno samo1o ca yc1anonnn ena nc1nna,
a onesn, kon1o rxa1 n narna1c1na1, ce ocnnna1 c nonec1n n ce
cona1 sa npnxep na xao1o nokoenne?
3. Kakno e snanennexo na okasaxecxnoxo,
ne xynn ca ocnonan +rackaxa +mana?
H. Mnx1en nnme nrn n. ,Mnp (26.X.1936 r.) ,He e nc1nna ka-
sano1o o1 Henon, ne 3a1apckn n npnsna 1esa1a xy, ka1o ka-
sa, ne Acnapyx c ena opa ynorynypn no1ern na sana. Kr-
e e 1yk npnsnanne1o na 3a1apckn, ,ne rrapn1e ca c1apn 1pa-
konnpnnn?
Henon nnkora ne e 1nrpx, ne 3a1apckn e npnsna 1esa1a
xy, ne rrapn1e ca c1apn 1pakonnpnnn. Henon 1nrpn caxo,
ne 3a1apckn e npne 1esa1a xy, ne rrapcka1a rpxana e ocno-
nana o1 xynorynypn, a ne o1 rrapn.
Xynorynypn1e, kak1o noconnxxe, ca xnnen nokpa ynan
npen Acnapyx. Cnope cnncrka na rrapckn1e knxse A1nonn-
x1 cnn Hpnnk e knxsyna na mr o1 ynan npes V n., 1.e. npen Ac-
napyx. C1apn1e nnca1en, kak1o nsoxnxxe, cnn1an xynn1e sa
c1ap ako-1paknckn napo. Xnneemn1e nokpa ynan xynn ca
nn xpnc1nxnn ome npes IV n. npnsna n e 3a1apckn, ne xynn-
1e, kon1o 1ox noce napnna rrapn, ca ocnonan rrapcka1a
rpxana, 1o e npnsna saeno c 1ona, ne rrapcka1a rpxana
162
e ocnonana o1 c1apn kpaynanckn nocennnn n c1apn xpnc1nx-
nn, a ne o1 krcnn npnmrnn. Ho 1ona ne e na-naxno1o.
Ha-naxno1o e npnsnanne1o, ne rrapcka1a rpxana ne e
ocnonana o1 rrapn, a o1 xynn.
o Henon ce cxx1ame, ne Acnapyx n one rrapn npes
679 r. n Mnsnx, kon1o ocnonan 1ax rrapcka rpxana.
Cera ce kasna, ne Acnapyx e one xynorynypn, kon1o n Mn-
snx ca ce napekn rrapn. C npnexane1o na 1esa1a, ne Acnapyx
e one xynorynypn, ce onponepra 1esa1a, ne rrapn1e ca krc-
nn npnmrnn. Hxxa onexane na rrapn, kak1o ce yneme o-
cera. A ka1o npnannx krx 1ona, ne Mnsnx ome npes IV n. e na-
pnnana Brrapnx, xnno nsnsa, ne rrapn1e ca c1apn 1pakonn-
pnnn. Tona ca npnsnan 3a1apckn n pyrn, ka1o ca npnsnan,
ne Acnapyx e one xynorynypn, a ne rrapn.
Kak1o no-npen nsoxnxxe, Maaa, Hncnec, Teoan n Hn-
knop ca pasrexan rrapn1e n xynn1e ka1o ne o1enn ne-
xena na ckn1cka1a, nn canxncka1a paca. Kynpa1 c1ana rocno-
ap na xynn nn xynorynypn n rrapn. Hak ce nero 1esn ne
nexena noynnxa omo1o nxe rrapn. Acnapyx onee n 680 r.
xynorynypn n Mnsnx, kox1o ce kasname Brrapnx. To onee
xynorynypn npn rrapn. Brrapn1e ne ca nnponex oneenn o1
nxkre, a ca sanapenn n Mnsnx. Te ca c1apn xnsnnn nn 1pako-
nnpnnn. Tona e pesy1a1r1 o1 npnsnanne1o, ne Acnapyx e o-
ne xynorynypn. Iocnoa1a ne npnsnan, ne rrapn1e ca c1apn
1pakonnpnnn, a npnsnan caxo, ne ocnona1en1e na rrapc-
ka1a rpxana ne ca nn rrapn.
Kakno nsnsa 1orana o1 1ona npnsnanne? Kaknn ca 1orana
rrapn1e, mox ne ca nn oneenn, a ca nn sanapenn o1 Ac-
napyx n Mnsnx?
okasa1ec1no1o, ne Acnapyx e one xynorynypn, a ne r-
rapn, onexa, kak1o nnxaxe, o npenpa1 n c1apa1a rrapcka
nc1opnx, samo1o o1 nero ce nnxa, ne rrapn1e ne ca krcnn
npnmrnn. E1o samo Henon ne xoxe a nosnon a ce cnoxena-
na n rrapckn1e ynnnma, ne rrapcka1a rpxana e ocnonana
o1 xynn, samo1o c 1ona ce npncnoxna nxa1a nerona 1eopnx.
Ko1o ncka a ce nosna o1 1pya na Henon, 1o 1pxna no-
nanpe a nonpnkasna c Henon sa 1ona.
Kora1o 1aaxnn1e nrpax1 na 1aa, 1e no npexe na nrpa1a
cnopx1, nrnpekn 1ona nsrynnx1 nama nrpa1a. Tr 1pxna a
c1ane n 1yk. pyro1o ne e kanaepc1no, a nacnc1nen rpaex, ko-
1o, ako ce ysakonn, me noryn Brrapnx.
163
4. Hnexa n e xesaxa, ne +ranxe ca cxan nocennnn
na Taknn n Makeonn?
Hne o1yk ce cnpxxxe caxo mo ce o1nacx o npnexane1o na
yc1anonennx o1 Henon ak1, ne xynn ca ce napnnan onesn, kon-
1o ca ocnonan rrapcka1a rpxana. Cera neka noconnx, ne
ncrmnoc1 e npne1a n ocnonna1a 1esa na Henon, ne rrapn1e ca
nacexnan Mnsnx, Tpaknx n Hnpnx npen Acnapyx.
Onosnnnx ce npaneme n npann na Henon ne sa1ona, samo1o e
kasa, ne rrapn1e ne nn 1ypnn, a nn xynn n np., a sa1ona,
samo1o e noconn ak1n, ne rrapn1e ca xnnen n nemno1o
cn o1enec1no npen Acnapyx n npen xnnxo1o naxynane na ca-
nxnn1e.
Tosn ak1 crmo ce npnsna, samo1o 1o ocera ne e n oc-
nopen o1 nnkoro.
Honexe ak1r1 e neoopnx, rocnoa1a, ne nckakn a npnsna-
x1 sacyrn1e na Henon, sa a sayx1 omec1no1o no o1nomenne
na crmnoc11a na cnopa, nsnanxa na cnena1a c1pannnnn nrnpocn:
Henon n kasa, ne xynn1e, ckn1n1e, ro1n1e n np. Ca rra-
pn; ne rrapn1e ca nokprc1enn o1 anoc1o Hane, ne rrapc-
ko1o nokprc1nane n 864f865 r. E nsxncnna n np., a ne Henon e
noconn ak1n, o1 kon1o ce nnxa, ne Mnsnx ome npes IV n. e na-
pnnana Brrapnx; ne Enon, Kacnoop n p., kon1o ca xnnen
npes V n VI n., ca cnn1an rrapn1e sa c1apn 1pakonnpnnn, ne
1r napnnano1o nokprc1nane na rrapn1e, koe1o no c1anao
npes 865 r., ce o1nacxo caxo o Makeonnx, a ne o Mnsncka
Brrapnx n np., ne ce ocnopna. Hpnsnana ce snann sa nxpno.
Maenon kasa, ne Henon nxxa npano na naynnoc1, samo1o
kasna, ne rrapn1e nn ckn1n, xynn, ro1n n np. ope. Ocnop-
na n ce c 1ona ak1r1, ne rrapn1e ca nacexnan npen Acna-
pyx ne caxo Mnsnx, no n Tpaknx n Hnpnx? Onennno ne.
Honexe 1osn ak1 e neoopnx, Maenon, sa a ocye1n nc-
1nna1a, npnerna o cnekyannn, ne Henon n kasa 1ona n ono-
na, koe1o axe n 1orana, kora1o 1o n no norpemno, ne oopna
1esa1a, ne rrapn1e ca nacexnan Mnsnx, Tpaknx n Makeonnx
npen Acnapyx.
Crmo1o nanpann n 3a1apckn.
Hexy xy eme npeoc1aneno a onponeprae noconenn1e o1
Henon ak1n, ne rrapn1e ca nacexnan Tpaknx n Makeonnx
npen canxnn1e. To ne xoxa a nanpann 1ona, a sa a sayn
aky1e1a, kasa, ne Henon cnn1a nokprc1nane1o na rrapn1e
164
npes 864f865 r. sa nsxncnna. Onponeprana n ce c 1ona ak1r1,
ne rrapn1e ca xnnen npen Acnapyx n Mnsnx, Tpaknx n Hn-
pnx? He. H 1o nnponex e npnsna nepnoc11a na Henona1a 1esa,
a ce e c1apae c pasnn consxn a sayn ynnnepcn1e1a nrpxy
crmnoc11a na pao1a1a.
O1 noconeno1o ce nnxa, ne rocnoa1a ome npen 1pnece1
ronnn ca crsnanan nepnoc11a na Henona1a 1esa, ne rrapn1e
ca nacexnan Mnsnx, Tpaknx n Hnpnx npen Acnapyx, no 1ex-
nnx1 eronsrx ne nx nosnon a npnsnax1 sacyrn1e na Henon. Te
nnponex nen 1pnece1 ronnn crsna1eno ca sayxanan yna-
mn1e ce o1nocno naponoc11a n c1apn1e cenma na rrapn1e.
Tyk neka ome nenrx a ns1rknex, ne pao1a1a ne e sa 1ona,
an rrapn1e ca 1ypnn, nn canxnn, nn 1paknnn, ckn1n n np.,
a sa 1ona, ne 1esn rrapn, o1 kakrn1o nponsxo n a ca 1e, ca na-
cexnan npen Acnapyx Mnsnx, Tpaknx o Bocopa n Makeonnx
o Honncko xope. Tasn 1esa na Henon ne e onponeprana.
Box ne e onponeprana, 1x e npne1a, kak1o ce nnxa n o1
npnsnanane1o na ak1a, ne Acnapyx ne e one rrapn, a xynn.
Ho xoxe n nxko conc1 me xn nrspasn, ne neonponepxe-
nne1o ne snann npnsnanne. ope, 1orana nne nn1axe: xoxe n
a ce noc1ann enn an1op nsnrn sakonn1e sa 1ona, ne e npec1a-
nn enn neonponepxnx ak1?
o1yk c1ana yxa sa 1ona, ne xon1e 1esn ne ca onponeprann.
A cera neka nonn1axe, kakno e okasano. Honexe rrapn1e xn-
nex1 na Bakancknx noyoc1pon n ronopx1 canxnckn, nn1a ce:
okasano n e, ne 1e ca krcnn npnmrnn? He, samo1o xnn-
xn1e npnmrnn ca ce kasnan xynorynypn, a ne rrapn. oka-
sano n e, ne rrapckn1e rpxannn rann ca 1n1yynann xan?
He. okasano n e, ne xn1en1e na ona Mnsnx ca ce nokprc1n-
n npes 864f865 ronna? He. O1 1ona ce nnxa, ne na ynama1a ce
xaex ce npeana1 amnnn xnennx.
oka1o pao1a1a ce orpannnaname n o1pnnane na ncnnko,
xoxeme nonek a cn noxncn, ne onesn, kon1o o1pnna1, nckpeno
xncx1, ne nxa1 npano, oane ce ka1o 1e npnsnaxa 1esa1a na
Henon, ne xynn ca ocnonan rrapcka1a rpxana, nnx ce, ne 1e
ca npannn onosnnnx ne na nayka1a na Henon, a na nnnoc11a He-
non. nec nsen eno, y1pe me nsexa1 pyro n me 1n kaxa1: ,Hn-
mo ne xoxem a nn nanpannm. Hne cxe nesanncnxn. Hac sako-
nn1e ne nn onx1. Oane, kora1o nxko npecena nxko nenon-
1en rxnnk nn kpaen, 1o ne ce oprma krx nero, a krx nac-
1n1e. Tona 1pxna a nanpann n Henon, n 1o c naexa sa ycnex,
165
samo1o nrn nec1nnnn1e ne1oxxe, ne nxkon ap1nc1n nn ocnoo-
enn o1 rxnoc1, nonexe nsnrpmnn exnnx ,neoc1onn sa
ap1nc1a n rrapnna. Ko1o nrpmn neoc1onn exnnx crc sna-
nne1o, koe1o nxa, ne xoxe a re rpxanen nnnonnnk. Takrn e
cynax1 n 1yk. Ako enn npoecop nrpmn narna1c1no, 1o nrp-
mn neoc1ono sa npoecopa n rrapnna exnne.
Tyk ce opx1 ne 1esn, kon1o nsanxno ce nskmnna1. Hn e-
na1a, nn pyra1a e npana. Cpeen nr1 nxxa. Ha xepoanna1a
nac1 npec1on a ce nponsnece kox 1esa a ce npeana n rrap-
ckn1e ynnnma. Oc1ane n nac11a npn ,oceramnn1e xnennx,
ne rrapn1e ca krcno omn 1ypnn, kon1o ce nac1annn xexy
ynan n Bakana, a Mnsnx, Tpaknx, aknx n Hnpnx ne ca nn
rrapckn sexn; ne rrpnn1e npes 864f865 r. nokprc1nn n Hpec-
an rrapn1e n np., 1x 1orana me 1pxna a nokaxe kanaepc1-
no n a sapann na cnon1e oprann a yna1 n ynnnma1a, ne r-
rapn1e nn xynn n np., nemo, koe1o e yc1anonn Henon. Mncn
n nac11a, ne Henon e npan, ka1o kasna, ne xynn1e ome npes IV
n. ca nxan cnox roxxa rpxana nokpa ynan, ne nxe1o r-
rapn ce cnoxenana npen Acnapyx n Mnsnx, Tpaknx n Hnpnx, ne
rrapn1e ca c1apn xpnc1nxnn n np., 1orana 1x me 1pxna a oka-
xe na Henon onona nnnxanne, koe1o onknoneno ce okasna na xo-
pa, kon1o ca pemnn enn 1akrn roxx npoex. Henon e oxy-
en, samo1o kasa, ne xynn1e ca rrapn, 1o cera ne xoxe a nos-
non na onesn, kon1o ro xyx1, a npenoana1 1ona n ynnnma1a.
Han xyn1en1e ca ynenn xopa?
a cn rpxa1 na cnoe1o.
Vc1anoneno e nenrx, ne onsn, ko1o kasna, ne xynn1e ca r-
rapn, nxxa npano na naynnoc1. Tosn npnnnnn 1pxna a ce npn-
oxn cnpxxo ncnnkn, samo1o nnane me nsese, ne ce ns1rkna1 1e-
opnn caxo n caxo a ce ynnxa1 n ynnmoxa1 o1kpnna1en1e na
nc1nna1a.
He xoxe a cyxa1 sa nonrpanka okasan1e ena nc1nna.
O1 c1anonnme1o na xepoannn1e nac1n me pasepex nok-
ponn1ec1na n ce n Brrapnx nayka1a, nn ce npecena. Hos-
na1 n ce n onesn, kon1o ce sannxana1 c nnc1a nayka, o1 npano-
nn1e n xopann1e sakonn, nn ne?
166
HPOKOHOBHTE
XVHH
H
TEOdAHOBHTE
BTHIAPH
167
168
CTTPAHHE
Iana I. Knxnknxe noxnn Henon ............................................... 171
1. Vno. 2. Hxkoko eexkn sa Henon. 3. Mnennx1a
na pyrn1e sa pao1a1a na Henon. 4. Hpnnnnnr1 na
Henon ce npnexa. 5. Kakno kasna1 pyrn sa pyrn
rrapckn ynenn. 6. Tn1a1a ynen. 7. Tn1a1a ynen na
3a1apckn, My1annen n p. 8. Hnkon n My1annen.
9. O1snnr1 na My1annen. 10. Typnn1e ca canxnn. 11.
Hxena1a: ckn1n n Kpona1. 12. ynanckn1e xynn n
rrapn. 13. Hpokonnennx1 Kankas n Hpokonnenn1e
xynn. 14. Hs1onnnnn1e na Hpokonn. Teoanonn1e
rrapn. 15. Oek1nnnoc11a na npo. H. My1annen
Iana II. Hcxonnxa na ,Querkof............................................. 197
16. Brrapcka1a nokpena. 17. Heonoc1no1o na
Zrnn. 18. Esnkr1 na cn. cn. Knpn n Me1on e n
canxnckn, a ne rrapckn. 19. Ckanenn. Ie1n. Xynn.
Brrapn. 20. Hanoncka1a erena, nn Me1oneno1o
xn1ne. 21. ,Querkopf. Paoc11a na ,ynena Brrapnx
Iana III. Hayka nn nonxnka..................................................... 205
22. Hon1nneckn cropaxennx. 23. 3amo sa rrapn
ce cnn1a1 caxo xn1en1e xexy ynan n Bakana n
kakna nosa npnnece 1ona na rrapn1e? 24. 3amo ce
pasnokrca rrapcko1o nexe na Bepnncknx konr-
pec? 25. Hon1nka1a na pycn1e n rrapn1e. 26. Hay-
ka1a na B. 3a1apckn. 27. Crsna1eno n, nn necrs-
na1eno 3a1apckn nanpann 1ona? 28. Hosa1a sa
Brrapnx o1 1asn nayka. 29. Me1or1 na Henon. 30.
Me1or1 na My1annen. 31. Hpnnnnn1e sa nenpnx-
srn1a. 32. Ipnxn1e sa nayka1a n Iepxannx n n Brra-
pnx. 33. Kak c1ana nsopr1? 34. Haynen n xopaen
perpec. 35. Haynen n e cnopr1?
169
Iana IV. Cnncannexo ,Hocnexa................................................ 234
36. Oek1nnnoc11a na kpn1nka1a n cn. ,Hpocne1a.
37. Kakno ca sarpkan B. 3a1apckn n H. My1ann-
en. 38. Kakno kasna1 nrpxy 1ona c1apn1e an1opn. 39.
Kak nac1ana xoepna1a rrapcka rpxana? 40.
pyr npnxep o1 ,nayka1a na cn. ,Hpocne1a. 41. Hx-
koko nrnpocn n o1ronopn nxec1o pesmxe. 42. Ome
nxkon o1snnn na nyxn ynenn sa pao1a1a na Henon.
43. Hakasa1enn canknnn
Ianno Henon, nn mecxoknnx nen na saanaxa ................... 251
Cnnc+k na nnxnanaxa ox noq. Henon nxeaxya .............. 254
170
IHABA I
KPHTHKHTE HPOTHB HEHOB
1. Vno
Tesa1a na Henon, ne rrapn1e no nxe1o rrapn ca xnne-
n ne caxo npen Acnapyx, no n npen xnnxo1o saexane na Ba-
kancknx noyoc1pon o1 canxnn1e, npensnnkna npenpa1 kak1o n
oceramno1o cxnamane na nc1opnx1a na rrapn1e, 1r n n cxna-
mannx1a na nc1opnx1a o1 no-c1apnx nepno non1n na ncnnkn en-
poneckn napon. 3a a oxcnn 1osn nrnpoc, Henon e onapo-
na na 1oxa na nexckn esnk. Honexe xnosnna rrapckn nn1a-
1en nxxa1 nrsxoxnoc1 a ce cnpanx1 c 1asn omnpna n coxna
xa1epnx, Henon nanpann eno kpa1ko nsnenenne o1 cnon1e cr-
nnnennx no nrnpocn1e, kon1o na-xnoro nn1epecyna1 rrapn1e,
n ro onapona no saranne: ,Konaxona B+rann n nok+cx-
nanexo na +ranxe, 1937 r. B 1asn knnra 1o noconn, ne r-
rapcka1a rpxana e ocnonana o1 xynn n ne 1esn xynn ca c1apn
kpaynanckn nocennnn n c1apn xpnc1nxnn. Ocnen 1ona, sa a
noxcnn cnoe1o c1anonnme, 1o nooxn na kpn1nka pao1n1e na
cnon1e rrapckn npo1nnnnnn. Hayka1a e no npano kpn1nka. 3a
a ce yc1anonn ena naynna nc1nna, ne e oc1a1rnno caxo a ce
nocona1 nonn annn, no n a ce okaxe samo oceramnn1e xne-
nnx ca nenpnexnnn. Henon noconn n knnra1a cn, ne kpn1nkn1e
na neronn1e rrapckn kpn1nnn C1. Maenon n B. 3a1apckn nx-
xa1 snanenne sa nayka1a, samo1o 1e, ka1o nskasnaxa neonoc1no
o1 Henon, ne okasnaxa koe e npano1o. He kasnaxa samo annn1e
na Henon ca nenepnn n kon ca nepnn1e annn cnope 1xx, samo1o
caxo 1orana xoxe a ce yc1anonn nc1nna1a. Te axe ne snaexa, ne
pnnon e n npo1nn 1esa1a, ne rrapn1e nn krcnn npnmr-
nn. Txxna1a ne e caxo a senoc1anx1 nnnoc11a na Henon. a-
n 1ona e no1peno, nn ne, e pyra pao1a, oane 1o ne e nayka.
B 1asn cn pao1a 1o ncka a nsxcnn pyrn nrnpocn, o1 kon-
1o, kak1o ce nnxa, rrapcko1o omec1no ce nn1epecyna. H 1yk
me ce noc1rnn no crmnx nannn. Iocnoa npoecopn1e He1rp
Hnkon n He1rp My1annen ca nanncan n ,Hsnec1nx na nc1opn-
necko1o pyxec1no, 1937 r., enn o1snn sa knnra1a na Henon:
,Ceschichte der Bulgaren und der anderen Sudslaven von der
romischen Eroberung der Balkanhalbinsel bis zum Ende des neun-
171
ten Jahrhunderts. (,Hc1opnx na rrapn1e n na pyrn1e mxnn
canxnn o1 pnxcko1o sanomnane na Bakancknx noyoc1pon o
kpax na ene1n nek), no ne c ne a kaxa1 koe e npannno, a a
senoc1anx1 nnnoc11a na Henon, ka1o okaxa1, ne 1o e
Querkopf.* Kakrn omec1nen nn1epec npec1anxna 1ona? Xopa-
1a ncka1 a snax1 kon ca rrapn1e n kox sexx ca nacexnan 1e.
Tona 1esn rocnoa ne kasna1. He nc1nna1a, a nnnoc11a na Henon
rn nn1epecyna 1xx. H nonexe ce senoc1anx nnnoc11a na Henon,
nn1a1ex1 me nn nsnnnn, ako npen a pasreaxe kasano1o o1
rocnoa1a Hnkon n My1annen, cn nosnonx a kaxex nemo n sa
Henon.
2. Hnkoko eemkn sa Henon
Henon e sanrpmn Bncme1o ynnnme n Conx crc cnenna-
noc1 nc1opnx. Bcec1nne na enn konkypcen nsnn1 1o e n ns-
npa1en n Bepnn a cnennansnpa, ranno nexckn. Ce ne1npn-
ronmno ynenne 1o e nrpnnx1 rrapnn, ko1o noynn ok-
1opcko snanne no nc1opnx o1 Bepnncknx ynnnepcn1e1. Hxame
1orana n pyrn rrapn, kon1o cenaxa n crmnx aky1e1 (n-
ococknx) na Bepnncknx ynnnepcn1e1, oane na 1xx npoeco-
pn1e nx kasaxa a o1na1 a npoxonnpa1 n nxko nponnnnnaen
ynnnepcn1e1, kre1o nsnn1r1 e no-xark. Te noce c1anaxa npo-
ecopn n Brrapnx.
Hc1opnnecka1a ncep1annx na Henon Wer hat Moskau im J.
1812 in Brand gesteckt? (Ko nonan Mockna n 1812 r.?) no npe-
noprka na npoecopn1e nsese ka1o crnnnenne n ena nc1opn-
necka nno1eka. Brpxy nex ce noxnnxa nonene o1 1pnece1 nex-
ckn, penckn n anrnckn aronpnx1nn o1snnn. Bepnnckn1e
npoecopn no nc1opnx nnnarn npenoprnnaxa na c1yen1n1e n
eknnn1e n n cexnnapn1e cn 1asn pao1a na Henon. Honexe nrn-
pocr1, ko1o pasrexame Henon, eme xnoro naxen, Ipac-
nacknx1 ynnnepcn1e1 pemn a nponepn pasrexane1o xy. Ta-
sn nponepka nsnrpmn n 1905 r. Xanc Bxn, ko1o no1nrpn
ncnnkn nsnon na Henon n ro nn1npa c nonn1 non1n na ncxka
c1pannna. Knnra1a na Henon, kox1o na npexe1o c1pyname 2 xap-
kn, cera ce npoana an1nknapno no 5 xapkn.**
172
___________
* Querkop (nex.) nna1, 1nrporanen; nyak .p.
** Ionopn ce sa nepnoa na 30-1e ronnn .p.
3. Mnennnxa na yrnxe sa aoxaxa na Henon
B Brrapnx Henon ce sae a pasepe kon ca rrapn1e. Ce
ka1o e pao1n ocex ronnn no 1osn nrnpoc, 1o nenrx o1ne
npn cnox npoecop n Bepnn, ko1o ne1eme oma nc1opnx. Kasa
xy, ne pao1n nrpxy 1asn 1exa, n ro noxon a xy ae crne1n.
Hpoecopr1 ro nonn1a koko ronnn pao1n. Ocex, o1ronopn
Henon. Hopao1e1e ome ece1 ronnn, nrk 1orana ea1e a npn-
kasnaxe, xy kasa npoecopr1. Hpes Cne1onna1a nona* Henon
nannca na nexckn ena xaka rrapcka nc1opnx. O1nmr ne-
nrx n Bepnn npn pyr cno npoecop, ko1o ne1x nona nc1o-
pnx, n xy a enn eksexnxp o1 knnra1a, ka1o ro noxon a cn
kaxe xnenne1o. Hpoecopr1 xy o1ronopn: ,Crxaxnax, ne ne
xora a nanpanx 1ona. 3a a cn ax xnenne1o no nama1a pao1a,
as n 1pxnao a nsynanax na-xako 20 ronnn cpena n c1a-
pa nc1opnx.
Hpenn na opo1o xnenne, koe1o n Bepnn nxaxa sa He-
non, 1o no-krcno noynn xxc1o1o, koe1o saexame n Bepnncknx
ynnnepcn1e1.
Kora1o nsese xox1a knnra ,Die Abstammung der Bulgaren
und die Urheimat der Slaven, epnncko1o nsa1ec1no x nsnpa-
1n sa o1snn n o peaknnx1a na cnncanne1o na Akaexnx1a na na-
ykn1e. Hpoecopr1, peak1op na cnncanne1o, xe nonnka n xn ka-
sa: ,Kakno a npanx? He naxnpax nonek, ko1o n xorr a pe-
nensnpa Bamnx 1py. Bcnnkn ca cnennanc1n. Enn e cannc1,
pyr e repxannc1, enn ce sannxana c nona, pyr crc c1apa nc1o-
pnx n np. Hxxa nnko oane, ko1o a ce sannxana crc coxna-
1a xa1epnx, kox1o nne pasrexa1e. Kasax xy a x nsnpa1n sa
penensnx o enn cannc1 c roxxo nxe. Ce nsnec1no npexe
peaknnx1a noynn nncxo o1 1osn npoecop, n koe1o 1o kasna,
ne ne ce cnn1a sa koxne1en1en a cn ae xnenne1o nrpxy xox
1py. Morr oane a kaxe caxo 1ona, ne Henon pasnoara c
xnoro annn n e nokasa roxxa naynnoc1.
Ka1o xn cromaname 1ona, peak1opr1 xn nanpann cennx
koxnnxen1: ,I-n Henon, nne me c1on1e no-nncoko o1 Anman,
samo1o 1o e pemn enn nrnpoc, ko1o, xexy pyro1o, ne ns-
ese 1akrn, kakrn1o ce xnceme o1nanao, a Bne c1e ocnonan
ena nxoc1na cnc1exa.
B xon1e 1pyone crx nsnecr xnoro ak1n, kon1o paskama1
c1anonnma1a na oc1a ynenn, oane esnpnc1pac1nn1e 1pe1npa1
173
___________
* Hrpna1a cne1onna nona .p.
xox1a nnnoc1 c nonn1. O1 onesn, kon1o peepnpa1 nrpxy knnra-
1a xn, kox1o ce pasrexa o1 My1annen, enn oprma1 nnnxa-
nne na eno, pyrn na pyro. B Revue Cermanique (Hapnx, 1936
r.) . Hnke, ka1o nsara crrpxanne1o na xon1e pao1n, kon1o
xy nanpannn cnno nnena1enne, cnrpmna crc cenn1e yxn:
,Ako nc1opnnn1e, kon1o ca cnoconn a nponepx1 ak1n1e,
npnsnax1 1xxna1a nxpnoc1, nne me 1pxna a nsxennx nxkon o1
namn1e cxnamannx nrpxy nponsxoa na repxannsxa. Tpxna a
oannx, ne 1asn knnra nsonc1na c okyxen1n n ne nxkon
oxcnennx a kaxex xpnc1nxnnsnpane1o na ro1n1e n xynn1e
ca xnoro ope okyxen1npann n sacyxana1 cepnosno nnn-
xanne.
-p Bnk1op Heene1ep n Mitteilungen der Anthropolog.
Cesellschaft, Wien, 1936 r., cnrpmna 1aka: ,B nac1oxmnx cn 1ox
Henon ana eno rpnxnno n nn1epecno nsoxenne na koxnn-
nnpann1e nc1opnneckn crn1nx nrn n1opa1a noonnna na nrpno-
1o c1oe1ne, koe1o sanasna cnox1a c1onoc1, opn n 1orana, ko-
ra1o nonek ne n n crracen c nxkon o1 neronn1e 1esn.
B Zeitschrift fur Ceopolitik, Febr. 1936 r. ce kasna: ,-p He-
non, ko1o e o1 ronnn ek1op n Bepnncknx ynnnepcn1e1, nxa
nona sacyra. To nak nn ana eno nono crnnnenne nrpxy na-
c1apa1a nc1opnx na rrapn1e, koe1o non1n 50 ronnn ce c1a-
pa1a nc1opnx na Konc1an1nn Hpenek saexa nnno xxc1o. To
npnnexa nerrapn1e o xnoro1o xrnnooc1rnnn a1nnckn,
nnsan1nckn n c1apocanxnckn ns1onnnnn. Hanaa1a na mrons-
1onnn1e rpxann n nrpkonna1a nc1opnx ca nrn ncekn cyna
noc1anenn o1 Henon sa nac n cpena Enpona n nona cne1nna.
B Europaische Revue. kn. 4, 1936 r., penensnx1a cnrpmna 1a-
ka: ,Hsnosnann1e o1 Henon ns1onnnnn ca nsomo xrnnooc-
1rnnn sa cpenoenponeena, samo1o nonek n 1pxnao a yno1-
pen nx xnno1 a rn 1rpcn n a rn nsnosna. -p Henon sacy-
xana oopenne 1rkxo nopan ocnona1enoc11a n 1exnepaxen-
1a, c ko1o 1o 1pe1npa cnox1a pao1a.
Hxa ome xnoro noonn o1snnn, n enn o1 kon1o ce kasna,
ne Henon e oopn c1anonnme1o, ne rrapn1e ca krcnn npn-
mrnn. Brn n. ,Cne1orac (mnn, 1937 r., c1p. 6) n1anancknx1
npoecop n akaexnk -p An. Baann nnme:
,Henon e nsnec1en n H1anx crc cnox1a akanoornnna epy-
nnnx n e npensnnka n Iepxannx crc cnox npemec1nam 1py
nc1nncka penomnnx nrpxy nponsxoa na rrapn1e n na pyrn-
1e canxnn na Bakann1e.
174
Tesa1a sa 1pakonnpncknx nponsxo na rrapn1e e no-
rpxana o1 Henon c roxxa noexnnna xnnoc1, nonxkora oc1a
cxea, nonnnama nnnarn nrpxy apryxen1n, kon1o ne xora1 a r-
a1 o1penenn, es ena acom1na koxne1en1noc1, 1r ka1o an-
1opr1, ko1o e nocne1n nenx cn xnno1 na 1ona npoynnane, ne
onycka konnecnn.
To yc1anonxna n ena nrna kap1nna nrpnn1e nacexnannx,
xnno1a, esnka na 1paknnn1e n nnpnnn1e, e1nnnecko1o nnx-
nne, koe1o 1e ca ynpaxnnn nrpxy pasnn1ne1o na napon1e-sano-
ena1en na Bakann1e, sa a oc1nrne o an1ox1onnnx* xapak1ep
na rrapn1e, ko1o e ncec1panno pasrean n xcno n 1onno ns-
oxen. Ce ka1o pasrexa xox1a knnra, kox1o ce anansnpa
o1 My1annen, Baann cnrpmna 1aka:
,Henx1 1osn 1py e pasrean c enn kpn1nneckn xponoo-
rnnen n yen1een xe1o. To sacyxana noxnaa.
I-n Henon nokasna, ne e nonek naapen c roka epynnnx n
rox noxna1, nonek, ko1o e noxn ncnnka1a cn mon n nenx
cn yc1pex, nnnarn nrxnonen o1 eno yexenne, koe1o, es crx-
nenne, xy ana npano na nrs1opr.
4. Hnnnnn+x na Henon ce nneua
Kora1o Henon npes 1907 r. onapona nrpna1a cn pao1a,
Hpenek ro nponnsnpa. Kora1o npes 1908 r. onapona n1opa1a cn
pao1a, Hpenek npnsna n cnox1a Cescichte der Serben, 1910 r.,
npnnnnna na Henon, ne rrapn1e ca xynn. o1orana Hpenek o1x-
nrpxme 1osn npnnnnn n yneme, ne rrapn1e ca nnn n nyn, ko-
n1o nn omn o1 Bora. Hpenek e nocenan o1 3a1apckn, Hn-
epe n Maenon. Ka1o xynn rrapn1e ne ca omn o1 Bora,
samo1o npao1enec1no1o na xynn1e ne ce e naxnpao nokpa Bo-
ra, a nokpa Kankaskn1e nannnn, nopan koe1o 3a1apckn n nero-
nn1e ynennnn noc1annxa Kpona1ona Brrapnx nokpa Kankaska1a
nannna, a ne nokpa Vpa n Bora, kak1o no-npen ynexa Baa-
pnk, Hpenek n p. Ha-roexn1e npo1nnnnnn na Henon npnsnaxa
nnponex, ne rrapn1e ne ca omn o1 Bora n ne ca xynn.
Henon ce ynpekname n ynpekna, samo1o noconname n nocon-
na annn, ne onesn, kon1o ocnonaxa rrapcka1a rpxana, ne ca
nn 1ypnn, a canxnn. Honexe nxkon nckaxa a okaxa1 no an-
1ponoornneckn nannn 1ypnnsxa na rrapn1e, npo. Me1on
Honon ce npnnyn a nx o1ronopn, ne 1e ne ca npann. Ha eno
175
___________
* An1ox1onn (rp.) kopennn xn1en na aena c1pana nn xxc1o .p.
crpanne na nonene o1 400 ec1ec1nennnn, 1o e ne eknnx no pa-
conn1e nrnpocn, sa kox1o n. ,Conx o1 17.I.1938 r. nnme, ne 1o
e kasa:
,Kora1o ce 1pn ronnn Bnoornnecknx1 nnc1n1y1 npnnrp-
mn sanonna1n1e o1anna nscenannx, me c1ane sa ncnnkn xcno,
ne sa 1ypanckn nponsxo na rrapn1e ne xoxe n yxa a c1ana.
Kprnnn1e nscenannx, an1ponoxe1pnnnn1e nsxepnannx na nx-
koko xnxn nepena nokasna1, ne rrapn1e npnnaexa1 krx
canxncka1a paca. Hpo. M. Honon coxn kpa, nnme nec1nn-
kr1, na cnekya1a c namnx pacon nponsxo, kox1o nrxnonxna
pasnnnn xexynaponn anan1mpnc1n n pa1nnnn sa non1nnec-
ka cnekya y nac.
C 1ona 1esa1a na Henon, ne ne e nxao nnkaknn 1ypannn n ne
rrapn1e ca nenone na canxncka1a paca, noynana no1nrpxe-
nne n o1 rena 1onka na noornx1a.
Me1or1 na Henon sac1ann Hpenek, 3a1apckn, Maenon n
pyrn, a ce o1kaxa1 o1 1esa1a, ne rrapn1e ca omn o1 Bora
xonrockn nnn, n a npnsnax1, ne ,omn1e rrapn ca xynn,
kon1o ne ca xnnen nokpa Bora n Vpackn1e nannnn, a nok-
pa Kankaska1a nannna. Tasn 1esa ce no1nrpxana, kak1o nnx-
axe, n o1 noosn1e, kon1o yc1anonxna1, ne rrapn1e ca canx-
nn. Kakno nnxnne e okasaa pao1a1a na Henon n nrpxy pyrn
naynnn kprrone, xoxe a ce nnn o1 cenn1e ak1n:
Kora1o no npexe na nonn1e rrapn1e noxonxa Hpenek
a npensae cnox1a rrapcka nc1opnx, 1o o1kasa a nanpa-
nn 1ona, samo1o npnnnnnr1, na ko1o nonnname nerona1a nc1o-
pnx, cera e paska1en, sa a ne kaxex oopen o1 Henon. Bec1nnk
,3opa o1 20.X.1937 r. nnme, ne C1. Aprnpon mx a onapona
nonpankn1e, nanecenn o1 K. Hpenek n enn eksexnxp o1 Bpay-
nono1o pycko nsanne na nerona1a nc1opnx na rrapn1e, kre-
1o Hpenek cax o1exsna, ne n nerona1a nc1opnx nxao nenep-
nn 1nrpennx.
B eno nsanne o1 Iepxannx nrpxy esnka n nc1opnx1a na
ns1onnoenponeckn1e napon e ononec1eno, ne nackopo me
nsese n ,Hc1opnx na rrapn1e o1 B. 3a1apckn. Oane ce
nsnsane1o na 1pya na Henon ,Die Abstammung der Bulgaren
und die Urheimat der Slaven (Hponsxor1 na rrapn1e n
npao1enec1no1o na canxnn1e) nsa1ec1no1o ce o1kasa a
nsae ononec1ena1a ,Hc1opnx na rrapn1e o1 B. 3a1apc-
kn, samo1o npnnnnnr1, samn1anan o1 3a1apckn, e paska1en
o1 Henon.
176
Brnpekn ropnn1e ak1n Hnkon kasna n o1snna cn, ne 1pyr1
na Henon ce o1pnna nanrno o1 naynna1a kpn1nka! Hanrno ce
o1pnna! Henynano o1pnnane na nc1nna1a.
Ko e onsn, ko1o e o1xnrpn annn1e na Henon, ne rra-
pn1e ca xynn? Hnko, samo1o n na-roexn1e npo1nnnnnn na He-
non npnexa 1esn annn sa nepnn.
Ko e onsn, ko1o e o1xnrpn annn1e na Henon, ne rra-
pn1e no nxe1o rrapn ca xnnen npen Acnapyx na mr o1 y-
nan; ne Mnsnx ce e kasnaa Brrapnx npen Acnapyx; ne Hpoko-
nnenn1e xynn ca 1paknnn n np.? Hnkon ne e noconn 1esn an1o-
pn, samo1o 1aknna nxxa. Heronnx1 o1snn ne e nnponex naynen.
Hnkon ne cn e n noc1ann sa ne a yc1anonn ena nc1nna, a a
senoc1ann Henon n a ocye1n nc1nna1a.
5. Kakno kasnax yrn sa yrn +rackn ynenn
oka1o rrapn1e nsnrnxnaxa acnc1en1ckn pao1n na nx-
kon nyxn ynenn, ka1o pasnpoc1panxnaxa ynennx1a nx n Brra-
pnx, 1e ce nponrsracxnaxa o1 1esn ynenn sa na-yxnn n na-
ynenn xopa na cne1a. C1rnnaxa n oane na caxoc1ox1ena no-
ra, 1e nenara ce xnrpxxa n aa. oka1o Mne1nn nnkame: nxa
enn Bor na nee1o n enn ynen nonek na sexx1a 1ona e B.
Zrnn; ynn1ex1 na Mne1nn, Zrnn, kasname, ne Mne1nn e na-
ynennx1 cannc1. oka1o Mne1nn cename cnox ynn1e n yne-
me, ne rrapn nn npenxno xn1en1e xexy ynan n Ba-
kana n ne no rrapckn esnk 1pxnao a ce pasnpa npenx-
no esnkr1 na ns1onnn1e rrapn, 1o xnnaname sa na-opnx
cannc1, ko1o canxncka1a paca na aa na cne1a. Mne1nn
ne pasnpame nn nrk ne nckame a pasepe, samo1o 1o nna-
ne eme cropasn1een nonek, ne naek1nnnn1e pasnnnx xex-
y ns1onno1o n sanano1o napenne na rrapcknx napo nonn-
na1, nrpno, na 1pakncka n, n1opo, na canxncka ocnona, a ne sa-
mo1o enn1e nn 1ypnn, a pyrn1e ne. Ako n Krosanana Br-
rapnx ce kasna: x, xeko, noa (noo), a n Hs1onna Brrapnx na
crmo1o ce kasna: as, xxko, nor1, 1ona ce rxn na pasnnnx
xexy canxnckn napennx, a ne ne noceno1o no 1ypnnsrx.
opoxea1en1e na rrapn1e cxo1oennxa 1asn pao1a n ka-
saxa, ne nxa pasnka xexy rrapn1e na ns1ok o1 Bpanancknx
Bakan, n kon1o 1eka 1ypcka kprn, n rrapn1e na sana o1 1ox
Bakan, n xnn1e na kon1o ne 1eka 1ypcka kprn, samo1o enn-
1e kasna1 ,as, a pyrn1e ,x n np. ope, no o1 1osn ak1 xcno
177
ce nnxa, ne na ns1ok o1 Bpanancknx akan, nn n ona Mn-
snx, e xnneeo eno canxncko nexe, na sana pyro, n Make-
onnx 1pe1o n np. Honexe rrapcka1a rpxana ce ocnona o1
ceex canxnckn nexena, cena, ne ncnnkn 1esn nexena
1pxna a ce cnn1a1 sa rrapckn nexena, a ne caxo nexe1o
n ona Mnsnx, samo1o 1o e eno, a rrapcka1a rpxana ce
ocnona o1 ceex noonn npes crmsxnane.
Mne1nn ne snaeme 1ona, samo1o cnope nero rrapcka1a
rpxana na ocnonana caxo o1 nexe1o, koe1o xnnee xexy
ynan n Bakana; caxo 1ona nexe no npec1anxnao nnc-
1n1e rrapn. Tasn nayka, kox1o noeme rrapcknx napo krx
cxrp1, ce onenn o1 onesn, n nnx1o noennna 1o nanname no-
a, n Mne1nn e nponrsracen sa na-ynennx nonek n cne1a.
Kora1o oane Mne1nn npenpne nemo caxoc1ox1eno, 1o
nponana.
To o1ne n Bykypem a npennme nanncann1e na rrapckn
c1apn akopyxrnckn rpaxo1n, no nanpann 1ona 1r omo, ne
ynenn ka1o Boran n p. My okasaxa, ne 1o ne e noro1nen sa
naynna pao1a. Tesn rpaxo1n ce nsaoxa no-krcno o1 pyrn yne-
nn, n 1o ne rrapn.
H nerona1a pao1a sa ns1onnorrapckn1e ronopn ce oxnn
noce sa nenaynna. Mne1nn paspa 1ona n npec1ana a ce sann-
xana c nayka.
Kora1o B. Honen oc1ann pasrexane1o na rrapckn1e ro-
nopn n noncka a yc1anonn rrapckn1e yxn n pyxrncknx esnk,
1o cnno e paskpn1nkynan o1 Cnpky, ne axe n npnx1ex1 xy
Maenon e npnnyen a ce npncrennn n nxkon o1nomennx
krx npo1nnnnnn1e xy.
Kora1o Ianpn Kanapon nanycna 1pakn1e, kon1o 1o ne cnn-
1ame sa rrapn, n c 1ona onrname c1apn1e cxnamannx n na-
nnca ena c1ynx, n kox1o okasname, ne c1apn1e xakeonnn ne
ca nn rrpnn, es oane a rn cnn1a sa rrapn, samo1o rra-
pn1e cnope nero nn krcno omn xonrockn 1ypnn, 1o e
rpyo nanana1 o1 repxancknx npoecop Beox, ko1o cnn1a xa-
keonnn1e sa rrpnn. Beox napene Kanapon monnnnc1 caxo sa-
mo1o e noconn ak1n, o1 kon1o ce pasnpa, ne c1apn1e xake-
onnn ne ca nn rrpnn. Kak n pyroxne meme Beox a nape-
ne Kanapon, ako Kanapon n kasa, noono na Henon, ne 1esn ne
rrpnn ca rrapn? Moxe n nenpnx1nnx1 o1snn na Beox nonnx
na Kanapon a ne nporxn nanncnane1o na nc1opnx1a na c1a-
pn1e xakeonnn, kox1o 1o e sanonna.
178
Crmo1o e n c B. 3a1apckn; no nonexe neronn1e ynennnn ro
napnna1 ,nenk ynen, neka no-nanpe a oxcnnx snanenne1o na
1n1a1a ynen y nac.
6. Tnxaxa ynen
Mox1 ama n e1c1no1o cn naxepn enn rpaxo1en nonek
nrn Bnnn, ko1o ro naynn a nnme. Tosn nonek sanosna ama
xn c nncxenn1e n nena1nn1e yknn, 1.e. a nnme n ne1e nannca-
nn n nanena1ann yxn. Ce 1ona ro sanosna c nnpn1e n c ne-
1npn1e apn1xe1nnnn ec1nnx. Tesn nosnannx anaxa nrsxox-
noc1 na ama xn a ne1e ekn knnxkn, a nnme nncxa n a cn no-
n cxe1kn. Honexe 1orana noonn nosnannx xexy nxkoko xn-
xn ymn npn1exaname onknoneno caxo enn, crxn1en1e na
ama xn xy xxa npnkannn 1n1a1a ynen.
Oane nerona1a cana ce sa1rxnn c npexe1o o1 pyrn. Tn1-
a1a ynen nse a ce ana na onsn, ko1o nxa xyan nonepk n xo-
xe a ne1e nrpkonnn1e knnrn. Ko1o xoxeme a ne1e Cn. nnca-
nne n nrpkonnn knnrn, ce xnceme, ne e omr o nrpxa na cno-
x1a ynenoc1. Ho n 1esn ynenn 1pxname a o1c1rnx1 c npexe1o
xxc1o1o cn na pyrn no-ynenn. Tn1a1a ynen sanonna a ce ana
na onsn, ko1o xoxeme a ne1e nanncann na penckn n pyr nx-
ko nyx esnk knnrn. Kora1o ce Ocnooxenne1o ce nrpnaxa
ynnn ce n Iepxannx xan rrapn, kon1o snaexa nexckn, 1ora-
na ce noxncn, ne rrapn1e ca oc1nrnan o na-nncoko1o
c1rnao na nonemka1a ynenoc1, n cnpxxa 1yk. Te n o nec ne xo-
ra1 a pasepa1, ne snannexo na nymn esnnn e cauo cecxno a
ce nocxnrne ynenocx, a ne n ynenocx. 3a a ce crmnx1 pexn,
1pxna1 nrn, konnn, noxnnn n np., oane o1 1ona ne osnanana, ne
ncekn, ko1o nxa nrsxoxnoc1 a cn naann 1esn nema, xoxe a
ymne nxkoxy koc1mx.
7. Tnxaxa ynen na 3axackn, Myxaqnnen n .
Ha 3a1apckn oane ce ae 1n1a1a ynen, samo1o 1o eme
npene o1 rprnkn esnk nncxa na Hnkoa Mnc1nka nn samo1o
snae rprnkn, a ne samo1o e pasxcnn nxko cnopen nc1opnnec-
kn nrnpoc. Hpen 1o a re nasnanen sa npoecop, Hpenek na-
nnca enn o1snn sa neronn1e pao1n n Archiv fur slavische
Philologie, ka1o noconn 1asn n onasn nerona c1a1nka, n kox1o
3a1apckn nnmo nono ne kasname, a non1apxme nen1e na Hpe-
179
nek n pyrn, n cnrpmn nperea cn c yxn1e, ne B. 3a1apckn sac-
yxana nnnxanne1o na ynenn1e, samo1o e pa1 na nrpnnx r-
rapckn apxeoor Ieoprn 3a1apckn (ko1o e nsrk npnx1e na
Hpenek).
O1 1ona nsnsa, ne ynen e onsn, ko1o nxa ynen nn no-o-
pe nnx1een ponnna.
Ha Mnmkon nanpannn cnno nnena1enne xnan1e na
rrapn1e, ne nasnannn enn nonek sa npoecop no rrapcka
nc1opnx, samo1o snae rprnkn, 1a ro paskasname na npnx1en1e
cn ka1o kypnos.
Cnox1a ynenoc1 B. 3a1apckn nnxame n samn1a1a na oce-
ramnn1e xnennx axe n 1orana, kora1o npnsnaname 1xxna1a a-
mnnoc1. Henon cnope nero nxxa npano na ynenoc1, samo1o ce
onnpa na nrpnonsnopn, o1 kon1o ce nnxa, ne oceramnn1e
xnennx ca amnnn. Tona cnope nayka1a na 3a1apckn e nenos-
noeno. Vnen e cera onsn, ko1o samn1ana oceramnn1e xnennx,
nrk nn 1e n amnnn.
Mnxan paroxanon nec1o non1apxme npe c1yen1n1e cn,
ne n Brrapnx napynan nonx1nx sa nayka, kaknn1o ca napynan n
nanao1o na cpenn1e nekone.
Cnox1a ynena cana 3a1apckn cnenen c 1ona, ne xoxa a
sanasn amnnn1e xnennx, ne Tpaknx n Makeonnx, ne ca r-
rapckn sexn, a kora1o ce onn1a cax a okaxe nemo, 1o ce cnr-
na. To nenrx oxnn, ne e naxepn rpoa na Ha1pnapx En1n-
xn; 1ona ne nsese nxpno. Hpen a ce nanpanx1 paskonkn1e npn
Aoa, 1o c nenx cn an1opn1e1 1nrpeme, ne 1ax nxxa a ce
naxepx1 rrapckn c1apnnn, n napnname onesn, kon1o xy ocnop-
naxa 1ona xnenne, neynenn.
ak1n1e ro onponepraxa. To c1ana npoecop, no ne snaeme,
ne pnnon e npo1nn xnenne1o, ne rrapn1e nn krcnn npn-
mrnn, samo1o ce cnoxenana1 ome n V n. Hokpa ynan, 1a ro
carame n penna1a na onesn, kon1o 1nrpx1, ne rrapn1e nn
omn ena n 679 r. n np. C ena yxa, nponrsracn n ce nxko
sa ynen, 1o xoxe a npnkasna ncnnko.
Kora1o My1annen oe o crnpnkocnonenne c nerrapn,
1o paspa kak ce rea na nerona1a ynenoc1. Kann1anon, sa a ro
samn1n, npnnexa nrn n. ,Mnp o1 11.XI.1937 r. xnennx1a na py-
xrnnn1e sa nero. K. Hnkoecky n kasa: ,My1annen n cnox1a
knnra nsxoxa o1 ena npenapn1eno opxnpana nex n a1aky-
na Hopra ne naynno nrs ocnona na okyxen1n, a sono, 1enen-
nnosno n c nenpnnnnn nspasn.
180
Ho-na1a1rk n crma1a c1a1nx nnme kakno n kasa Hopra sa
My1annen, koe1o nn1a1ex1 cax xoxe a npone1e, ako ncka a
pasepe kakno e xnenne1o na nyxennn1e sa naynna1a c1onoc1
na My1annen.
Enn en as nxax cyna a pasronapxx c enn cpenoen-
poneckn ynen, ko1o eme o1nena1a n cnncanne1o cn ena
c1ynx na enn rrapckn npoecop. Pasronopr1 nn ce o1nacx-
me o naynnn nrnpocn. Ka1o xncex, ne 1o e crracen c o1ne-
na1ana1a n cnncanne1o xy c1ynx na rrapcknx npoecop, as
cnoxenax 1asn c1ynx n namnx pasronop. Oane kora1o x cnoxe-
nax, 1o ce cenna, ka1o ne n ro xx yo c nra, n nsnnka c yny-
nane: ,Ta 1ona naynna pao1a n e? As nn cnn1ax sa no-cepno-
sen nonek.
3amo 1orana x e nanena1a? Hxxa a pasnpanxx 1ona, me
kaxa caxo, ne rrapn1e ca roexn ynenn caxo oka1o nrpax1,
kak1o nx ce cnnpn, nanpanx1 n nemo caxoc1ox1eno, o1konx1
n ce o1 xexannnno1o non1apxne na nyxn nen, 1e ca nya.
Kakno mxxa a kaxa1 nyxennn1e sa 1esn rrapn, ako 1e no-
ono na Henon, xxa nonnrnan nrnpocn, kon1o paskama1 oc-
nonn1e na nc1opnnn1e na enponeckn1e napon? Ioxxa nec1 e
sa Brrapnx, ako nrnpekn ncnnko na Henon ce o1ae kasano1o
nnnxanne. Kon npoexn ca pemnn rocnoa1a Hnkon n My1a-
nnen, sa a nxa1 npano a ronopx1 sa nayka? Te ce ranpx1 ne ca-
xo c Henon, no n c na-roxxa1a nsa1ecka krma n Iepxannx.
3ara1nax 1esn ak1n ne o1 nxkakno sopac1no, a sa a nocona, ne
Hnkon n My1annen ne ca kasan nc1nna1a, kora1o ca nncan, ne
Henonn1e 1pyone nn nanrno o1xnrpenn o1 naynna1a kpn1n-
ka, o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne 1exnn1e nrk nn nanrno npne1n o1
nenx cnx1. Hnko ne oprma nnnxanne na 1xx. Kon sananoen-
poneckn cnncannx ce sannxaxa c nc1opnn1e na B. 3a1apckn?
Txxno1o nsnsane axe ne ce xponnknpa. Onsn, ko1o e ne noco-
nena1a c1a1nx nrn n. ,Mnp, e nnx kak pyxrnckn1e ynenn ce
xnnxa na noxom na cnox crnaponnk, a onsn, ko1o e cen o1-
snnn1e na rrapn1e sa Henon, e yc1anonn kak rrapn1e ce nax-
nrpnxa ka1o sxnn nrpxy enn cno cro1enec1nennk a ro ynn-
moxa1, samo1o e okasa ena nc1nna.
O1 onona, koe1o me nsoxa no-na1a1rk, me ce nnn, ne 1n1-
a1a ynen n Brrapnx ce ana cera na onsn, ko1o e xac1op a
ynnmoxn pyr rrapnn, samo1o cn e nosnon a ce sannxana
c nayka.
181
8. Hnkon n Myxaqnnen
Ce ka1o Hnkon ns1rkna, ne nncannx1a na Henon ce o1pn-
na1 nanrno, yxa1a ce ana na My1annen a okaxe 1ona.
Makap ne ncekn, ko1o o1nopn xon1e knnrn, nnxa, ne 1e
nsonc1na1 c ak1n nn cnne1ec1na; ne 1ax nxxa xncr, ko-
x1o a ne nonnna na ak1n, My1annen pasrea ncnnkn xon pa-
o1n n ne naxepn nn1o enn ak1 n 1xx! B cnox o1snn 1o non-
1apx o1nanao okpa: Henon kasa 1ona, Henon kasa onona.
Hpec1anx pao1a1a 1r, ka1o ne n Henon na mera, a ne nrs oc-
nona na okyxen1n pasnpanx 1ona n onona. Ena onennna nenep-
noc1. H nonexe n pao1a1a na Henon nxxao nnkaknn ak1n, 1x
ce xapak1epnsnpa ka1o ,an1ac1nnna. C 1ona Hnkon n My1ann-
en naxnnaxa ynn1ex cn 3a1apckn. 3a1apckn kasa, ne Henon ce
onnpa na nrpnonsnopn, o1 kon1o ce nnxa, ne oceramnn1e xne-
nnx ca amnnn n an1ac1nnnn, a Hnkon n My1annen, nonexe
nnxxa, ne c 1osn apryxen1 1e ne ynnxana1 Henon, a cee cn, o-
prma1 1ona naonakn n kasna1, ne ne 1exnn1e, a Henonn1e pao1n
nn an1ac1nnno nsene. Oane kon ca 1esn an1asnn, 1e ne
noconna1. Tyk rrapcka1a ynenoc1 ce crc1on n nsonananane na
nc1nna1a.
Hpen a pasreaxe okasa1ec1na1a na My1annen, neka
nnnx kon ca npoecopn1e Hnkon n My1annen. Benrx xe nn-
x n Bepnn nokonnx1 npoecop A. Hmnpkon. Honexe ne xx
ny o1orana nxe1o na npo. Hnkon, as nonn1ax Hmnpkon ko e
1osn Hnkon. ,Hpoecop n ynnnepcn1e1a xn o1ronopn 1o. ,Kak
npoecop, n n e onen1 no-nanpe n np.?, nonn1ax as. ,He e.
3a1apckn ro nanpann nanpano npoecop, samo1o n ponnna
na enn nanka n nponsnsa o1 rprnka axnnx, 1a snae o1
e1nnc1no rprnkn. 3nann ynen e onsn, ko1o nxa nyno nanka.
Hnkon nnponex e n nasnanen nanpano sa npoecop no rrap-
cka nc1opnx sa 1ona, ne nponsnsa o1 rprnka axnnx! Hne ne
snaex paconnx nponsxo na Hnkona1a axnnx. 3naex caxo, ne
enn ankon nnnonnnk nn paskasname sa enn nsrk ponnna na
Hnkon, pa1 na nokonnx xn1ponon1 Cnxeon n nncm nnnonnnk
n BHB, ko1o cxx1a nnnarn na rprnkn. Makap rroronmen
rrapckn nnnonnnk, 1o ne xoxa a ycnon rrapcknx esnk, sa
a cxx1a na nero, a cxx1a nnnarn na rprnkn, samo1o 1ona xy n-
o no-ecno. O1 1osn ak1 ce pasnpa kakrn nnc1 rrapnn e n
nnno1o nn nyno1o na Hnkon. 3a pyrnx xy nnno nn nyno nx-
xe xorn a kaxex xnoro no-nn1epecnn pao1n, no 1xx oc1anx-
182
xe sa pyr nr1. O1 koro e naynn nnno1o nn nyno1o na Hnkon
rprnkn? Pasnpa ce, o1 xaka cn n o1 ama cn. Crmo1o me a e
n c Hnkon. H 1r enn nponsxoxam o1 rprnka nn rrpneema ce
axnnx, ako nenn1e npaen ca nn rrapn, ce nasnanana a
npenoana rrapcka nc1opnx sa1ona, samo1o xa1epnnx1 xy esnk
e rprnkn. an nxa nasnannn n A1nna nxkoro a ne1e rprnka
nc1opnx, samo1o xa1epnnx1 xy esnk e rrapckn? Ha-xnoro1o,
koe1o n xoro a c1ane, e a ce nonepn na rprk rprnka, a na r-
rapnn rrapcka nc1opnx, a ne opa1no1o, kak1o c1ana y nac.
Tosn snaem o1 e1nnc1no rprnkn n nrsnn1an n rprnkn yx npo-
ecop cn nosnoxna n Brrapnx a nnme sa Henon, ne pao1n1e
xy, n kon1o ce okasna, ne Tpaknx n Makeonnx, sa kon1o npe1en-
npa Eaa, ca rrapckn sexn, nn nanrno o1xnrpenn o1
kpn1nka1a, caxo ne ne kasna ko e n o1 kakrn nponsxo e 1osn
kpn1nk, ko1o e nanpann 1ona.
3a r-n My1annen enn xn kasaxa, e koxynnc1n1e ro napnna-
n ,pyrapx, a pyrn, ne n no-npen connanc1. Kakrn e 1o
cera, cax snae. Pao1a1a e, ne xopa1a ne ro cnn1axa sa nannona-
nc1, a rrapcka1a rpxana e nannonana rpxana; paska1n
n ce naponoc11a, paskama ce crmec1nynane1o na rpxana1a.
Bnxa n nasnannn n crne1cka Pycnx enn amnc1 nn nrk
nannonanc1 a ne1e n koxynnc1nnecka Pycnx nc1opnx na xapk-
cnsxa? Hspa n n Cne1nx1 cnno nxko enpenn, npo1ec1an1,
ka1onk n np., sa xn1ponon1 na npanocanen napo caxo sa 1o-
na, ne e ynen 1eoor?
9. Oxsnn+x na Myxaqnnen
3a My1annen K. Hnkoecky kasa, ne a1akyna Hopra ne nayn-
no, nrs ocnona na okyxen1n, a sono n 1enennnosno n c nen-
pnnnnn nspasn. a nnnx kak crmnx1 1osn My1annen a1akyna
Henon.
a) C1apo1o xpnc1nxnc1no na rrapn1e.
Cnope My1annen Henon ne n npnne nn1o enn ak1 n
cnon1e pao1n.
Ha c1p. 251 1o nnme:
Henon nnme, ako rrapn1e ca c1apn 1pakonnpnnn, 1e ca n
c1apn xpnc1nxnn.
Tesa1a na Henon, e rrapn1e ca c1apn xpnc1nxnn, ne nonn-
na snann na ak1n, a na npenooxenne1o, ne ca c1apn 1pakonn-
pnnn.
183
Tona ne o1ronapx na nc1nna1a, samo1o Henon e kasa 1ona
nrs ocnona na ak1n. Tyk me cnoxenex caxo nxkon o1 npnnee-
nn1e ak1n.
1) Ome Cn. Heponnx (IV n.) nnme, ne xynn1e nokpa ynan
(kon1o ocnonaxa rrapcka1a rpxana) ynnn nca1npa; nn ca
snann xpnc1nxnn n ca nxan cnoe nncxo. 2) Cosoxen (V n.) nnme,
ne xnneemn1e nokpa ynan xynn ooxanan nanka1a cn Teo-
1nx. Bnn ca snann xpnc1nxnn. 3) Maaa (VI n.) nnme, ne 1esn
xynn, saeno c rrapn1e n Mnsnx n Tpaknx, ce nnrnan okoo
515 r. no non1ec1no1o na poennx n 3aaa (Byxen) Bn1a-
nan sa samn1a na npanocanna1a nxpa npo1nn nxnepa1op Anac-
1acn, ko1o npecena nnpnckn1e nannn. Xynn1e n rra-
pn1e ca nn snann n 515 r. npanocannn xpnc1nxnn. Tesn xynn n
rrapn npnnynxa nxnepa1op Kc1nnnan a crsae sa nn-
pnckn1e rrapn o1ena apxnennckonnx crc ceanme n Ox-
pn. 4) Hapnrpacknx1 crop n 869f870 r. e cnn1a rrapn1e sa
c1apn xpnc1nxnn n np.
My1annen nsnycka ncnnko 1ona n sa a koxnpoxe1npa He-
non, xy npnnncna nsxncnna1a, e 1o o1 caxo cee cn pasnpanx,
ne rrapn1e ca c1apn xpnc1nxnn.
) Knpn n Vna.
Ha c1p. 250 My1annen nnme:
,Ho-pano Henon xnceme, ne canxncknx1 anoc1o cn. Kn-
pn n ,1rxec1nen c Vna (ko1o e xnnx n IV n.). Cera ns-
rexa, ne 1o e npoxenn cnoe1o xnenne. Ha c1p. 238 ne1ex:
,Tosn Knpn ne e nnko, ocnen Encenn Kecapnckn (crnpexen-
nnk na Konc1an1nn Benkn IV n. c. Xp.).
H 1r, ,canxncknx1 anoc1o Knpn, ko1o e xnnx n IX
nek, n cnope Henon ,1rxec1nen c Vna n Encenn, kon1o
ca xnnen n IV n. Kakno xnenne me cn crc1ann nn1a1ex1 sa He-
non, kora1o npone1e 1asn nsxncnna?
Pao1a1a oane e crncex pyra. Cnope erena1a sa cn. n-
xn1rp Coynckn no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Xepakn, nn oko-
o 630 r., xynn1e nn rrapn1e o1krx ynan, kon1o, kak1o ce
cnoxena no-rope, ca nn ome n IV n V n. xpnc1nxnn, nonckan
a npensexa1 n Coyn, samo1o ro cnn1an sa rpa na cnon1e a-
mn nn rpa, ko1o e n naceen o1 rrapn. Hopan 1ona no-
na1a, kox1o rrapn1e nonxa crc coynnann, n erena1a ce na-
pnna pa1cka nona nn nona xexy na crnexennn napoa.
Brrapn1e nckan a npensexa1 Coyn ne caxo samo1o Co-
yn e n rpa na 1exnn1e en, no n samo1o 1e nsnonxnan npa-
184
nocanna1a nxpa. Bopnn ca ce nnponex n sa npanocanna1a nx-
pa, kak1o n no npexe1o na Anac1acn, okoo 515 r., kora1o Coyn
nrk ne ce e samn1ana o1 nnsan1ncka1a apxnx, a o1 coyncknx
nanka Hoan, ko1o e n rprk. Bona1a, kak1o nnxaxe, n ce-
ra e c1anaa no penrnosnn xo1nnn. He ca ce cpaxanan na na-
poa, a ne xpnc1nxnckn cek1n. Bona1a na sanonna1a o1 ncnn-
kn rrapckn nexena, no sa a nxa ennc1no, n nspan Kynep
(Kynpa1) sa rannokoxannam nn nxnepa1op.
Tesn c1anan okoo 630 r. crn1nx ca sacerna1n n n nncana-
1a na rrapckn Coyncka erena. Cnope nex (nxko cn) Knpn
n kasa sa cee cn: ,Beme xi1ne xoe nr Kanaokn n ynenie
xoe nr axacne. Tosn Knpn n ny n nrpkna1a na Aekcan-
pncknx na1pnapx rac Boxn, ko1o xy kasa a o1ne npn ca-
nxncknx napo, ko1o ce kasna rrapn, n a xy ae sakon. To
xnna npes Knnrp n Kpn1, omr n Coyn n ce xnn na xn1po-
non1 Hoan (ko1o cnope erena1a sa cn. nxn1pn samn1a-
na Coyn o1 rrapn1e). B Coyn snann okoo 630 r. ca xnnen
canxnn, kon1o ce kasnan rrapn. Hoan oane ro nopyra n xy
kasa a ne o1nna npn rrapn1e, samo1o 1e nn nonekoxnn.
Kora1o Knpn nsxsr o1 xn1ponon1a, 1o ny, ne ce ronopn
rrapckn. (B Coyn okoo 630 r. ce e ronopn rrapckn, kak1o
ce kasna n n erena1a.) To nx nsnaxepn 35 nncxena n c 1ona
ns1pen rprnknx esnk. (Bona ce e snann opa npo1nn rprn-
knx esnk.) H kora1o xn1ponon1 Hoan nsnpa1n a ro nonnka1 na
ox, 1o ne xoxa a pasepe ronopa na rrpnn1e. Ka1o nyn 1o-
na, rrapn1e (nsnrn Coyn) omn okoo Coyn, a nxenno ne-
nknx1 knxs ecnxnp Mopanckn, Panno, knxs Hpecanckn n
ncnnkn pyrn rrapckn knxse n nomnan 1pn ronnn sa nero.
Bsen ro n ro sanen n rp. Panni na p. Bperannna.
B Coyncka1a erena, kak1o nnxaxe, e onncano crmo1o
crn1ne, koe1o ce pasrexa n nncana1a na rprnkn erena sa cn.
nxn1rp. Caxo ne 1yk e kasano nemo nonene. O1 nex no-xcno
nnxaxe, ne Tpaknx n Hnpnx ca nn no onona npexe nacexna-
nn o1 rrapn, kon1o ca nxan cnon knxse.
Kora1o ce kasna, ne nsnaxepnnx1 rrapcko1o nncxo e xn-
nee n Kanaoknx, ce e xncno sa Vna, ko1o e nsnaxepn
nncxo1o sa ckn1n1e, nn rrapn1e nokpa ynan, samo1o nero-
nnx1 po nponsnsa o1 Kanaoknx.
Kora1o ce kasna, ne 1osn Knpn n n Coyn no npexe1o na
xn1ponon1 Hoan, ce e xncno sa nanaenne1o na Coyn o1 Ky-
nep nn Kpona1 (okoo 630 r.), samo1o 1orana e xnnx xn1pono-
185
n1 Hoan, kak1o ce nnxa n o1 erena1a sa cn. nxn1rp.
Kora1o ce kasna, ne rrapn1e nsen o1 Coyn nsnaxepnnx
rrapcko1o nncxo n ro sanen na p. Bperannna, xncno ce e
sa poennx n IX nek n Coyn Konc1an1nn noco, samo1o sa ne-
ro ce kasna, ne e ec1na na p. Bperannna.
An1opr1 na Coyncka1a erena e cyma pasnn npeannx sa
1esn crn1nx, crpa rn e n eno n rn e npnnnca na Knpn.
Tona crx nspasn as, a ne ne canxncknx1 anoc1o Knpn n
1rxec1nen c Vna. Kanaokncknx Knpn as crx noc1anx
nrn nprska c Vna n Encenn, o1 ena c1pana, n crc ,canxnc-
knx anoc1o Knpn, o1 pyra; a ne crx o1rxec1nxna ,canxn-
cknx anoc1o Knpn c Vna n Encenn, kak1o 1nrpn My1a-
nnen. 3amo nanpannx 1ona? 3amo1o rrapn1e, kon1o ooxa
o1krx ynan a ocnoox1 Coyn o1 rprnka1a nrpkna, xxa
xpnc1nxnn n nxaxa n cnoe nncxo (raronna1a), koe1o nx nsnae-
pn n IV n. Hponsxoxamnx1 o1 Kanaoknx Vna c noxom1a na
Encenn Hesapnckn, ko1o crmo e ec1na 1yk n ko1o, na-
nepox1no, e nrpnnnnnx1 an1op na kap1a1a na cn. Heponnx, n ko-
x1o ce kasna: Mnsnx nn Brrapnx. Ka1o ce opexa sa crsaena-
1a o1 Encenn n Vna nrpkna, 1e kasnaxa, ne ce opx1 sa nrpk-
na1a n nncxo1o na onsn, ko1o nponsnsa o1 Kanaoknx, 1.e. sa
Vnona1a nrpkna, caxo ne 1osn crsa1e na rrapcka1a nrp-
kna n rrapcko1o nncxo 1yk e napenen Knpn. ,Canxncknx1
anoc1o Knpn 1yk ne ce nxa npenn, samo1o 1esn crn1nx c1a-
naxa okoo 630 r., a ,canxncknx1 anoc1o Knpn e xnnx n IX
nek, nn 200 ronnn no-krcno.
O1 rrapcka1a erena, kox1o onrna cneennx1a na nann-
cana1a na rprnkn erena sa cn. nxn1rp ce nnxa, ne rrapn-
1e ca nn xpnc1nxnn n ca nxan cnoe nncxo npen ,canxnc-
knx anoc1o Knpn. B erena1a sa cn. nxn1rp ce kasna, ne
rrapn1e, kon1o ce crc1oxxa o1 pasnn nexena, cn nspan sa
om non1e Kynep, nn Kynpa1, a n Coyncka1a erena ce cno-
xenana1 o1enn1e rrapckn knxse, kon1o ca ce nn crmsnn
sa npensexane1o na Coyn. Tona nn ecnxnp Mopanckn, ko-
1o e n nenk knxs, Panno Hpecanckn n p., o1 koe1o ce nnx-
a, ne nxa Brrapnx no onona npexe e na paseena na knx-
xec1na, kon1o okoo 630 r. Hspaxa Kynep nn Kynpa1 sa om no-
n1e nn nxnepa1op. Torana (630 r.) rrapn1e naeexa Mnsnx,
Tpaknx, Makeonnx n aknx n ne caxo ne xxa xpnc1nxnn, no
nxaxa cnoe nncxo npen ,canxncknx anoc1o Knpn. Tona ce
no1nrpxana n o1 Konc1an1nn Hopnporene1, ko1o nnme:
186
,Kora1o cprcknx1 knxs, ko1o nsxra npn nxnepa1op Xe-
pakn (610 641 r.), yxpx, Brrapnx ce naxnpame no pnxcka
nac1.
o nxnepa1op Xepakn n Kynpa1, ko1o e o1pacna n nx-
nepa1opcknx nop n Hapnrpa n e nsrk npnx1e na Xepakn,
Brrapnx ce e naxnpaa snann ome no pnxcka nac1. Hex x oc-
noonxa ropnn1e knxse naneo c Kynep nn Kynpa1. Brrapcka-
1a rpxana nnponex ce ocnona ome no npexe1o na nxnepa1op
Xepakn, ce ka1o rrapn1e o1rpcnxa aapcko1o n pnxcko1o
nro; 1x ne e na crsaena o1 nxkakna cn 1ypancka opnna, n 1o
caxo xexy ynan n C1apa nannna, a e oexaa n Iopna Mnsnx
n Makeonnx.
Ka1o crnoc1annx Coyncka1a erena c erena1a sa cn. n-
xn1rp, Mako1o xn1ne na cn. Knxen1 n p., as oox o sak-
mnenne1o, ne rrapn1e nokpa ynan ca nn c1apn xpnc1nx-
nn, sa kon1o Vna n IV n. Hsnaxepn nncxena n npenee Cn.
nncanne. Tona crx nspasn as, a ne ne Vna n Knpn ca eno n
crmo nne.
3a a ce nnn, okoko onona, koe1o ce ynn n rrapckn1e
ynnnma, ne e rrapcka nc1opnx, neka a orpnex nnnxanne, ne
rrapckn1e knxse ecnxnp Mopanckn n Panno Hpecanckn n
p., kon1o ca knxsynan n nemna Brrapnx n nanao1o na cexn
nek, ne ce cnoxenana1 cera n nc1opnx1a na rrapn1e. Bxec1o 1o-
na na rrapckn1e ena ce pasnpanx sa pasnn necrmec1nynan 1y-
panckn xanone. Honexe 1esn ak1n oopna1 oceramnn1e amn-
nn xnennx, My1annen, sa a ocye1n nc1nna1a, cne sa nyxno a
kaxe, ne Henon o1rxec1nxna Knpn c Vna.
10. Tynnxe ca cannnn!
Ho-na1a1rk na c1p. 252 My1annen nnme, ne Henon n nn-
ca: ,Typnn1e ronopx1 canxnckn n nopan 1ona nn canxnckn
napo.
Kakno me cn noxncn nonek sa Henon, kora1o ne1e 1asn one-
nnna escxncnna?
Pao1a1a oane e pyra. Henon ne e pasrexa n cynax nx-
kaknn cn asna1ckn 1ypnn, a crcenn1e na pankn1e 1aypnckn, ko-
n1o xnneexa n Hopnkyx, sexx1a, o1 kox1o nsnnpa p. pana, na ko-
x1o nemnn1e n nocennnn ce kasna1 conennn. Mea (I n. C.
Xp.) napnna 1aypnckn1e 1ypkae, a Ara1nx (VI n.) 1ypkn, kon1o
cnope Konc1an1nn Hopnporene1 napnnan cnox noenanannk
187
noenoa, ronopnn ca snann canxnckn, kak1o n nec conenn1e
ronopx1 1osn esnk.
Iprnka1a n a1nncka1a yxa 1aypyc snann nk, roneo; a co-
nencka1a yxa 1ypnna snann kpana. 3a nopnmkn1e 1aypnckn nn
1ypkn kasa Henon, ne ca ronopnn canxnckn n ca nn canxnn,
a ne sa asna1ckn1e 1ypnn, kak1o kasna My1annen. yxa1a 1ypnn
ne e yno1pexnana o1 Henon. Tesn 1ypkn Teonak1 Cnxoka1a os-
nanana ka1o nc1nnckn aapn, sa pasnka o1 nanonckn1e nn kpa-
ynanckn1e aapn. Aapn1e naxyxa n nanao1o na n1opa1a noo-
nnna na VI n. o1 Iopna Hanonnx n Hs1onna1a pnxcka nxnepnx,
sansexa Cnpxnyx, ce 1ona nokopnxa xynn1e nn canxnn1e n
rrapn1e n c1nrnaxa o Hapnrpa. Kynep nn Kynpa1 rn nsronn
o1 Tpaknx n Hnpnx krx Iopna Hanonnx n ocnona rrapcka1a
rpxana n aknx, Tpaknx n Hnpnx.
My1annen ne cnoxenana 1esn crn1nx n sa a samn1n 1esa-
1a na B. 3a1apckn, ne Kynpa1 e xnnxn Asnx n ne 1o n nsro-
nn 1ypkn1e nn aapn1e o1 Typkec1an krx Kn1a, a ne 1aypnc-
kn1e nn conenn1e o1 Hnpnx krx Iopna Hanonnx, kak1o n sa a
ocxee Henon, npennanana yxa1a 1aypnkn n 1ypkn na 1ypnn, ko-
x1o Henon ne e cnoxenana, n nnme, ne Henon napnna 1ypnn1e
(asna1ckn) canxnn! Tona e nayka1a na My1annen. O1 kasano1o
xoxe a ce nnn na kaknn consxn nonnna 1eopnx1a, ne rrapn-
1e nn o1 1ypckn nponsxo n ne nn omn o1 Asnx*.
Kak1o n a e, 1o cn e nocyxn n cynax crc consxn, sa a
senoc1ann Henon.
188
___________
* Trkxo kora1o nnmex 1esn peone, oe npn xene enn kae1 o1 Boenno1o
ynnnme. Hn1ax ro: ,Vnn1e n rrapcka nc1opnx? ,a, namnx1 ynn1e no
rrapcka nc1opnx e xnoro orp ynn1e. ,Kaknn ca rrapn1e cnope namnx
ynn1e? ,Brrapn1e ca 1ypanckn napo, cxonn c anapn1e.
Vnn1ex1 ka1o nonek xoxe a e xnoro orp, caxo ne ne e oek1nnen.
Tyk neka cnoxenex n ceno1o: Henon ns1rkna na-nanpe, ne rrapn1e ca
cponn c anapn1e, nopan koe1o 3a1apckn ocnopn nerona1a naynnoc1. B cnox-
1a ,Onenka sa crnnnenne1o sa xann1annx na -p Ianno Henon, c1p. 3, 3a-
1apckn, sa a okaxe nenaynnoc11a na Henon, noconn, ne nocennx1 1nrpx:
,Brrapn1e ne ca nnmo pyro, ocnen c1apn ynanckn ke1o-ckn1n, y kon1o npo-
rxana nc1opnx1a na ro1n, xynn, anapn (c1p. 3). Tona cpoc1no 3a1apckn
cne1e sa onennna nenc1nna. Ce 1ona 1o npne, ne rrapn1e ca cponn c aa-
pn1e nn 1ypkn1e, no, sa a samn1n 1esa1a cn, ne rrapn1e ca asna1ckn 1ypan-
nn, kasa, ne 1esn crn1nx nn c1anan n Asnx, koe1o, kak1o noconnxxe, ne e
nxpno. opnx1 ynn1e na xox kae1, nxec1o a oxcnn na ynennnn1e cn, ne
cpoc1na1a na rrapn1e c aapn1e n nopnmkn1e 1ypkn xxa noconenn na-nan-
pe o1 Henon, koe1o ce npne n o1 3a1apckn, 1o pasnpanx, ne rrapn1e n-
n cponn c aapn1e n 1ypannn1e, nn ne rrapn1e ne nn kpaynanckn xn-
1en, a asna1ckn 1ypannn. B.a.
11. Huenaxa: Cknxn n Konax
Ha c1p. 250 My1annen nnme: Henon nsnaxa nxe1o ckn1n
o1 rrapcknx raro ckn1ax, sa a x nskapa canxncka yxa. He
Henon, a C1paon (I, 1, 6), kasna, ne ckn1 snann noxa n nnme:
ckn1 nn noxa, a noxa snann na rrapckn ckn1nnk, yxa, ko-
x1o nponsnsa o1 rrapcknx raro ckn1ax ce, koe1o e neoopn-
xo okasa1ec1no, ne ckn1n1e ca nn rrapckn canxnn. 3a1o-
na c1apn1e nnca1en nnma1: rrapn1e n c1apo npexe ce kasnaxa
ckn1n. My1annen nnme: ,Henon oprma nxe1o Kynpa1 na Kpo-
na1. Henon ne oprma, a conn, ne Teoan nnme ,Kpona1. Hxe-
1o Kynpa1 ce nrnee n nama1a nc1opnx o1 Hpenek n Baapnk, ko-
n1o ne xxa npoynnan Teoan, ko1o nnme caxo Kpona1, n ce
ocnonanaxa na no-xanx o1 Teoan na1pnapx Hnknop, ko1o
nnme Kynpa1.
Honexe o1 nxe1o na Kpona1 ce nnxa, ne nxa cxoc1no
xexy rrapn1e n kpona1n1e (xrpna1n1e) n ne nxe1o Kpona1
e canxncka yxa, samo1o 1akona nxe nocx1 n canxnckn1e
kpona1n, My1annen, sa a ocnopn 1ona, kasa na-nanpe, ne
nxe1o Kpona1 ne e crmec1nynao, a ne Henon ro e crsa, n
ce 1ona nporxn: Henon napnna xrpna1n1e kpona1n. Hxe1o
kpona1n e nsxnceno snann o1 Henon. He Henon, a Konc1an1nn
Hopnporene1, na-c1apnx1 nnca1e na nc1opnx1a na xrpna1n-
1e, e napnna nemnn1e xrpna1n kpona1n, kak1o n ncnnkn py-
rn c1apn nnca1en. Box consxn1e ne noxara1, me ce o1pnna1
ak1n1e.
Tosn xe1o ce nporxana n no-na1a1rk, no oopna1 n 1e-
sn consxn 1esa1a na Henon, ne rrapn1e ca on1anan Tpaknx
n Hnpnx npen Acnapyx? Cera neka ce cnpex na enn ak1, ko-
1o nxa roxxo snanenne.
12. ynancknxe xynn n +ran
Hono1o, koe1o ome xox1a nrpna pao1a onece sa onesn, ko-
n1o ce sannxana1 c rrapcka nc1opnx, eme, ne as noconnx, ne
rrapn1e ca xynn. Kak1o cxe nsoxnn n nama1a knnra ,Kpona-
1ona Brrapnx n nokprc1nane1o na rrapn1e, Maenon n 3a-
1apckn xe nanpannxa na nyx n npax, samo1o xx cne rrapn1e
sa xynn.
B cenama1a, 1908 r. As nanncax pyra pao1a, n kox1o
cpannnx paskasn1e na Maaa (VI n.) n Teoan ( 817 r.) sa ea-
189
1a na rrapn1e n xynn1e n Mnsnx n Tpaknx n 531 r., o1 koe1o xc-
no ce nnx, ne Teoan yknano e npennca Maaa, c 1asn pas-
nka caxo, ne 1ax, kre1o Maaa nnme xynn, Teoan nnme r-
rapn. Tona ce nnx n kora1o ce cpannn Hpokonn (VI n.) c Hop-
an (VI n.). Tax, kre1o Hpokonn nnmeme xynn, Hopan nnme
rrapn. A nonexe Teoan e ns1onnnkr1, o1 ko1o nepnnx cne-
ennx sa ocnonanane1o na rrapcka1a rpxana, cena, ne nero-
nn1e rrapn ne ca nnmo pyro, ocnen xynn1e na Maaa n Hpo-
konn.
Tona oc1ox1ec1no nakapa Hpenek a npnsnae, ne rra-
pn1e ca xynn. Crmo1o nanpannxa n Hnepe, 3a1apckn n Ma-
enon. Honexe na1a nomnamn arepa npnsnaxa, ne rrapn1e
ca xynn, ne oc1aname nnmo pyro, ocnen xyncka1a nc1opnx a
ce cnn1a sa rrapcka nc1opnx. Xynn1e ce cnoxenana1 ome o1
H1ooxe (II n.) n aknx. A1nona1a rpxana, kox1o na sana
onnpame o repxannn1e, 1pxname a ce cnn1a sa rrapcka
rpxana, n 1o ne caxo no ornneckn, no n no ak1nneckn cro-
paxennx, samo1o na-xanx1 A1non cnn Hpnnk ce cnoxena-
na n cnncrka na rrapckn1e knxse ka1o rrapckn knxs. Hpnck
paskasna, ne kora1o n na ox npn A1na, Hpnnk n ome e-
1e. A1na xnoro ro onna, 1o n mnxnx1 xy cnn, n sa1o-
na ro rpxa nce okoo cee cn. Iaa1en nn npeckasan na
A1na, ne caxo Hpnnk me nporxn poa xy. Honexe 1osn
nporxn1e na A1nonnx po e n rrapckn knxs, cena,
ne rrapcka1a rpxana e ocnonana o1 A1nonnx po. Tr ka-
1o cnope cnncrka na rrapckn1e knxse Hpnnk nponsnsa o1
poa yo, o1 ko1o nponsnsa n Ecnepnx nn Acnapnk (Acna-
pyx), kak1o n pyrn rrapckn knxse, xnno ce nnxa, ne A1no-
nnx1 po e ocnona rrapcka1a rpxana. H 1yk nne nxxaxe
pao1a caxo c ornneckn nsno, a c ak1n, samo1o A1nonn1e
xynn ce kpax na V n. sanonnaxa a ce napnna1 rrapn. o-
1orana onesn, kon1o rpannnexa c Hanonnx, ce kasnaxa xynn,
ce 1ona sanonnaxa a ce kasna1 rrapn. Kora1o npes 488 r.
Teoopnx Teooxnpon oe n Hanonnx, 1o yapn 1yk nrpxy
rrapn, a 1pxname a yapn nrpxy xynn, samo1o o1orana 1e-
sn nanonckn xn1en ce kasnaxa xynn. Brrapn1e 1pxname a
ce pasnx1 n 504f505 r., sa a sansexe Teoopnx Cnxpnyx, c1o-
nna1a na ona Hanonnx. Kora1o anroapn1e no npexe1o
na nxnepa1op Kc1nnnan (okoo 560 r.) ooxa n Hanonnx, 1e
yapnxa 1yk nrpxy rrapn. Kora1o saxnnaxa sa H1anx, 1e o1-
neoxa crc cee cn n rrapn. B 598 r. Bnsan1nnn1e 1pxname
190
a pasnx1 rrapn1e, sa a sansexa1 Berpa. Brn peerapo-
na1a xponnka ce kasna, ne npes 631f632 r. (1.e. npen Acnapyx) n
rpxana1a na aapn1e n Hanonnx sa npec1oonacene1o ce
ckapan enn rrapnn n enn aapnn; crcenn1e c aapn1e n
Iopna Hanonnx xynn ca napenenn cera rrapn. Kpyx pasn
aapn1e, 1r ne rpannnn1e na rrapcka1a rpxana onpxxa o
onesn na pankcka1a rpxana. Brrapn1e rpannnexa c pankn-
1e n no npexe1o na Oxyp1ar, Bopnc n np. A1nonn1e xynn ce
napekoxa nnponex rrapn. 3a1ona nc1opnx1a na 1esn xynn e
rrapcka nc1opnx; 1xxna1a rpxana 1pxna a ce cnn1a sa
rrapcka rpxana. Kakna e 1asn rrapcka nayka, kox1o kas-
na, ne rrapcka1a rpxana e ocnonana o1 xynn, no ne kasna, ne
nc1opnx1a na xynn1e e rrapcka nc1opnx?
Ko1o e npnsna, ne rrapn1e ca xynn, 1o e npnsna, ne n
ona Hanonnx, aknx n Iopna Mnsnx, o1enec1no1o na xynn1e,
ca nn rrapckn sexn, koe1o ce okasna n o1 nxena1a Hema,
Hepna n p., kon1o ca rrapckn yxn.
Tona e cec1nne1o o1 npnsnanne1o, ne rrapn1e ca xynn.
Tosn npenpa1 npensnnka Henon c okasa1ec1no1o cn, ne rra-
pn1e ca xynn. 3a1apckn npnsna, ne rrapn1e ca xynn, no necrs-
na1eno, kak1o ncnnkn npanx1, kora1o xexannnno npnexa1 nyxn
xncn. Kora1o 1o paspa, ne o1 okasa1ec1no1o, ne rrapn1e
ca xynn, cena, ne rrapn1e ca nn roxx napo, ko1o o1
c1apo npexe e nacexna ona Hanonnx, aknx o nenrp n
Iopna Mnsnx, koe1o onponeprana nerona1a 1esa, ne ca nn xa-
ka krcno oma opnna, sanaxa caxo sexx1a xexy ynan n
Bakana; 1orana, sa a samn1n 1esa1a cn, ne rrapn ca caxo xn-
1en1e xexy ynan n Bakana, 1o n neronn1e ynennnn ro ya-
pnxa na o1pnnane. Te sanonnaxa a o1pnna1 ne caxo nc1opnx1a,
no n cee cn.
Brrapcka1a rpxana e ocnonana o1 xyna Acnapyx, kasna1 1e,
no xynn1e o Acnapyx nn xnnen nxkre n Asnx n nn one-
enn o ynan ena o1 Acnapyx! A okasa1ec1no1o sa 1ona?
He e nxao snann xynn kpa ynan npen Acnapyx! A1nona-
1a rpxana ne ce e naxnpaa kpa ynan! Kpona1 ne e o1pacna
n Hapnrpa; ne e ec1na n aknx, Tpaknx n Hnpnx! 3a xynn
npen Acnapyx n aknx, Hanonnx n Mnsnx ronopnn caxo monn-
nnc1n! Hpoc1o nenepox1no, ne xopa, kon1o ce nncx1 krx nn1e-
nren1na1a kaca, cn nosnoxna1 a o1pnna1 nc1opnneckn nc1n-
nn caxo o1 nna1.
191
13. Hokonnennnx Kankas n Hokonnennxe xynn
Xynn1e nn xnnen n Asnx, samo1o Hpokonn nnme, ne
ca xnnen nokpa Kankaska1a nannna. Tax ce na naxnpaa
n Kpona1ona1a rpxana. Kpona1onn1e xynn nn nsnrenn o1
1ypnn1e o1 Typkec1an (a ne o1 1ypkn1e nn 1aypnkn1e o1 Ha-
nonnx) n ce nn cnpen kpa Kankaska1a nannna. A11yk xy-
norynypr1 Acnapyx, 1pe1nx1 Kpona1on cnn, n nsxra na
eno o1 oc1ponne1a1a n yc1ne1o na ynan n o11ax nokopn n
ona Mnsnx canxnn n ocnona rrapcka rpxana. Tr 3a-
1apckn n neronn1e ynennnn pasnpanx1, ne crn1nx1a, kon1o ca
c1anan n Hanonnx, nn c1anan n Asnx! Taypnckn1e, nn
1ypkn1e (c1ap nopnmkn napo), kon1o nokopnxa nn nrk ce cr-
msnxa cpemy Bnsan1nx c xynn1e nn rrapn1e n ona Hano-
nnx, aknx n Mnsnx, nak o Hepno xope, nn nanpannn 1o-
na n Typkec1an, n Asnx! O11ax n nsxra o1 aapn n kosapn
xynorynypr1 Acnapyx c ena opnna n Mnsnx, sa a ocnone
rrapcka rpxana! A ne aapn1e 1orana ca xnnen n Hano-
nnx, ne Mnsnx, kre1o n npnc1nrna 1osn ,1ypanen n 679
r., ome o1 ne1nrp1n nek ce e kasnaa Brrapnx, 1ona 3a1apc-
kn, Hnkon n My1annen npexrnana1. Bcnnko 1ona ope, ca-
xo ne Hpokonnennx1 Kankas, no ko1o ca xnnen xynn1e n e-
no npanpexe, ne ce e naxnpa n Asnx, a n Tpaknx n Hnpnx.
Hpokonn nnme sa 1ona:
,O1 nonoxnx1a na Kankaska1a nannna enn ca orpna1n
krx cenep n sana n ce npoc1npa1 npes sexx1a na nnpnnn1e n
1paknnn1e, pyrn ca orpna1n krx ns1ok n mr n c1nra1 o npo-
xon1e, n kon1o xnnex1 xynn1e, n nox1 krx sexx1a na nepcn1e n
poxen1e (rrpnn1e), o1 kon1o ennnx1 ce kasna Tnyp (Hopy).
(Procop. Bg. IV, 3, 3).
Kankaska1a nannna, nokpa kox1o ca xnnen xynn1e, ce e
naxnpaa n sexx1a na nnpnnn1e n 1paknnn1e; na e sna-
nn 1pakonnpncka nannna. Xnneemn1e nokpa 1asn nann-
na xynn ca nnponex cnope Hpokonn 1paknnn, a ne asna1nn.
C 1ona naa ennc1nennx1 kos, ne xynn1e nn krcno omn
asna1nn.
He Hpokonn e napnna c1apn1e 1paknnn xynn, ce nnxa n
o1 ak1a, ne 1o kasna, ne knxepnn1e, kon1o xnneexa n Tpaknx o
Bocopa, ce kasnan no nerono npexe xynn.
192
14. Hsxonnnnnxe na Hokonnn. Teoqanonnxe +ran
Hpokonn ne e ennc1nennx1, ko1o kasna, ne Kankaska1a
nannna e 1pakonnpncka nannna. Tona ca kasan npen nero
pyrn xnoro no-c1apn nnca1en, nanpnxep C1paon. Cnope
Anooop nsxrnnana1a o1 c1rpmea kpana Ho noxrnaa (n e-
no npanpexe) o1 kpapexne1o na Honncko xope npes Hnpnx
sa Xexyc (C1apa nannna), sanna o11ax krx mrons1ok, npexn-
naa npes sexx1a na ckn1n1e n knxepnn1e, a ce 1ona npes Tpa-
kncknx nponak n Asnx, ko1o nopan 1ona npexnnanane ce
napekr Boc-nop (nockn nr1 nn nockn rp).
Ecxn nrk, ko1o e no-c1ap o1 Xepoo1, nnme, ne Hpoxe1e
n kasa na Ho a xnne no Kankaska1a nannna, o1 kox1o nsnn-
pa p. Xnpnc1a (Hrp, Mapnna, samo1o Mapnna ce napnna n
nec n nanao1o cn Hrp), n a ce o1npann sa Knxepncknx noc
(nec Iaa1a, nac1 o1 Hapnrpa). Hero ka1o nanycne, a xnne
npes Meo1ncknx kana sa Asnx. Hennx1 nr1 (npes nponaka)
mx noce a ce napnna Boc-nop.
Ecxn e osnann ka1o Kankaska nannna Pna, samo1o o1 nex
nsnnpa Hrp. Mexy Pna n Asnx ce e naxnpa nponakr1, npes
ko1o Ho npexnnaa o1 Enpona n Asnx. nemna1a Kankaska na-
nnna ne e na npexnnaa Ho, sa a o1ne n Asnx, samo1o 1x ce
naxnpa n Asnx n samo1o Bocopr1 ce naxnpa na ns1ok o1 Pna,
a ne na ns1ok o1 nemna1a Kankaska nannna. Ocnen 1ona nr1x1
o1 Honncko xope sa Bocopa n Asnx ne xnnana npes nemnnx
Kankas, ko1o e n Asnx. Ecxnonn1e knxepnn ca xnnen nnponex
xexy Pna n Bocopa. Hannncka1a nepnra n Hnpnx n Tpaknx,
kox1o cnrpmna c Pna nannna, e napekr Hpokonn Kankaska
nannna, ka1o e kasna, ne 1asn nannna ce e npoc1npaa npes
Hnpnx n Tpaknx. Ecxnonn1e knxepnn, kon1o xnneexa mrons-
1onno o1 1asn Kankaska nannna, Hpokonn e napekr xynn. Ha
eno xxc1o 1o nnme:
,B c1apo npexe xynn1e ce napnnaxa knxepnn (Bg. IV, 5). A na
pyro xxc1o (Bg. IV, 4, 7-9):
,Onesn, kon1o n c1apo npexe ce kasnaxa knxepnn, cera ce kas-
na1 y1nrypn (ynorypn nn ynorynypn, kon1o ocnonaxa rrapc-
ka1a rpxana), na cenep o1 kon1o xnneexa an1n1e. Honexe an1n-
1e (canxnckn napo) xnneexa na cenep o1 ynan, y1nrypn1e ca
xnnen na mr o1 ynan nn na-xako nokpa ynan. O1 na1a
ak1a: ne npao1enec1no1o na xynn1e ce e naxnpao nokpa 1pa-
konnpncknx Kankas n ne xynn1e ca knxepnn, c1ap 1paknckn
193
napo, xnno ce nnxa, ne Hpokonnenn1e xynn ca c1apn 1pakonn-
pnnn. He Hpokonn n neronn1e crnpexennnnn: Hopan, Coso-
xen n p., ca napnnan Ecxnonn1e n Xepoo1onn1e knxepnn xy-
nn, ce nnxa n o1 ceno1o:
Cnope Ecxn Ho xnnaa o1 sexx1a na ckn1n1e n sexx1a na
knxepnn1e n o11ax npes Bocopa n Asnx.
Xepoo1 nrk nnme, ne ckn1nnneckn1e ckn1n, nananan
knxepnn1e n o11ax npexnnan n Asnx. Hpokonn n pyrn1e
npeana1 crma1a nc1opnx, caxo ne ca pasxec1nn nxena1a.
Bxec1o: ckn1n1e nananan knxepnn1e, 1e kasna1, ne knxepn-
n1e nn xynn1e, noenn o1 Ho, npexnnan npes Meo1nc n na-
nanan ckn1n1e nn ro1n1e. (Sozom., Histor. Eccl. VI, 37;
Procop. Bg. IV, 5, 4-11).
Meo1nc, nokpa kox1o ca xnnen knxepnn1e nn xynn1e n ro-
1n1e, ce e naxnpaa cnope Hpokonn 1ax, kre1o xope1o o1
Bnsan1nx na1a1rk e 1eko nrn nn na peka, 1.e. o Bocopa. Teo-
an nrk, ko1o napnna Maaonn1e n Hpokonnenn1e knxepnn-
xynn rrapn, osnanana npacenma1a na knxepnn1e-xynn1e ka1o
C1apa Brrapnx. To nnme, ne o1krx Meo1nc, na kpax na Hepno
xope, 1.e. npn Bnsan1nx, xope1o 1eko nrn nn na peka npes se-
xx1a na Bocopa n Knxepnx.
Tax ce e naxnpaa C1apa Brrapnx, nnme Teoan. C1apa
Brrapnx ce e naxnpaa nnponex na kpax na Hepno xope o Boc-
opa, 1.e., kre1o xnneexa knxepnn1e cnope Xepoo1, Hpoko-
nn n p. Teoanonn1e rrapn ca c1apn 1paknnn. Crmo 1akn-
na ca rrapn1e n cnope Hopan. To na eno xxc1o nnme, ne
xynyrypn1e, kon1o ocnonaxa xoepna1a rrapcka rpxana, na-
nanpe, npen Tpoxncka1a nona, ca xnnen nokpa Meo1ncko-
1o a1o (nokpa koe1o xnneexa knxepnn1e), ce 1ona n Mnsnx,
Tpaknx n aknx; no-krcno (n nc1opnnecko npexe) ce cnoxenana1
n Ckn1nx nokpa Hon1ncko (Hepno) xope.
Xynyrypn1e, kon1o ocnonaxa rrapcka1a rpxana n kon1o
Hopan na pyro xxc1o osnanana ka1o rrapcko nexe, ca c1ap
1paknckn napo, ko1o n nc1opnnecko npexe e xnnx na cenep
o1 ynan.
A ka1o rrapn Hopan osnanana xnneemn1e na mr o1 ynan
Hpokonnenn xynn (nnx ,Kpona1ona Brrapnx n nokprc1nane1o
na rrapn1e, r. II n III). Hopan 1ona Panencknx1 kosxorpa
nnme, ne Hopan e kasa, ne n ona Mnsnx, Tpaknx n Makeo-
nnx xnnex1 caxo rrapn. Honexe Teoan n Hnknop nnma1, ne
Kpona1 n ocnona rrapcka1a rpxana, ka1o e crennn xy-
194
norynypn1e c rrapn1e, nsnsa, ne n cynax ca nn crennenn
aknnn1e c 1pakonnpnnn1e.
Honexe, kak1o cnoxenaxxe, sa rrapn ce cnn1a n nc1opnx-
1a onsn napo, ko1o Teoan e osnann ka1o 1akrn, 1orana, npoc-
enx n nsnopn1e na Teoan, nne nnxaxe, ne 1o e osnanana
ka1o rrapn xynn1e na Hpokonn n Maaa n rrapn1e na
Hopan. Tesn nrk ca osnananan ka1o xynn n ro1n knxepnn1e n
ckn1n1e na Ecxn n Xepoo1. Taka nnaxe o nanao1o, ne r-
rapn1e ca c1apn 1pakonnpnnn. 3a1ona Heponnx nnca: Mnsnx,
nn Brrapnx.
15. Oekxnnnocxxa na noq. H. Myxaqnnen
Tr ka1o ocnona1a na 1osn nrnpoc ce naxnpa n cnne1ec1-
no1o na Hpokonn, ne Kankaska1a nannna, na mrons1ok o1 kox-
1o ca xnnen xynn1e, ce e naxnpaa n Tpaknx n Hnpnx, npo.
My1annen, sa a ocye1n nc1nna1a, pemn a nsonann 1ona cnn-
e1ec1no.
Makap ne as crx npea Hpokonneno1o cnne1ec1no n na
rprnkn, My1annen na c1p. 153 ro npeana 1r: ,Kankas, na ce-
nep o1 ko1o Hpokonn noc1anx on1anma1a na xynn1e, cnope
Henon ne e ceramna1a nannna xexy Kacnncko n Hepno xope,
no ce e ,npoc1npa npes Hnpnx n Tpaknx. (Cpannn c nn1a1a na
Hpokonn, Bg. IV, 3, 3, no-rope .a.). 3nann, cnope Hpokonn
xynn1e ca xnnen xexy Kacnncko n Hepno xope na cenep o1
Kankaska1a nannna, a Henon o1 caxo cee cn nnme, ne Kankas-
ka1a nannna ce npoc1npaa npes Hnpnx n Tpaknx, mrons1onno
o1 kox1o nn xnnen xynn1e.
Onennno nsonananane na ak1a, sa a ce samn1n 1esa1a, ne
o Acnapyx xynn1e ca xnneen xexy Kacnncko n Hepno xope,
na cenep o1 Kankaska1a nannna, kora1o Hpokonn kasna, ne Kan-
kaska1a nannna ce e npoc1npaa npes Hnpnx n Tpaknx n ne xy-
nn1e ca xnnen mrons1onno o1 1asn 1pakonnpncka nannna n
mxno o1 canxnckn1e an1n, kon1o xnneexa na cenep o1 ynan.
Honexe c 1ona ce oopna 1esa1a na 3a1apckn n My1annen, ne
xynn1e ca krcno omr asna1ckn napo, My1annen aronon
a nsonann Hpokonneno1o cnne1ec1no no noconennx nannn.
Hak crc crma1a ne My1annen nsonann nc1nna1a, ne 1ypkn1e,
kon1o xnneexa n Iopna Hanonnx, nn asna1ckn 1ypnn.
Ckana ckanko a ckana. Kora1o ena1a nrpax1 na kykyxnm, 1e
cn sa1napx1 onn1e n cn xncx1, ne nonexe ne nnxa1 xopa1a, n
195
xopa1a ne rn nnxa1. Tona e nanpann n My1annen. Ka1o ne e
xorr a oopn ropnnx ak1, pemn e a ro nsonann, es a e no-
xncn, ne 1ona nsonananane ncekn xoxe a ro nnn. C 1ona 1o
okasa, ne 1esa1a, ne Kypa1ona1a rpxana ce e naxnpaa n Asnx
n ne xynn1e, kon1o ca opasynan rrapcka1a rpxana, ca nn
oneenn ena o1 Acnapyx n 679 r., ne nonnna na nayka1a. Onpxn
na 1asn amnnoc1, 1o onxa n senoc1anx Henon no cennx
nannn:
,Bcnnkn 1esn o1enn* npnxepn, nnme 1o, nn ana1 caxo
1nrpe neoc1a1rnna npec1ana sa 1ona, koe1o Henon e sarp-
ka** n cnox1a nc1opnx. Hxkora (n 1o cxx1a sa neoxonxo cax
a cromn 1ona na cnon1e nn1a1en n Abstammung der Bulgaren.
S. 48) Hpenek e ro napekr ,studierten Querkopf***).
Ce 1osn neron 1py nsnmno e a ce nn1a an 1asn xa-
pak1epnc1nka naxn n nec. Kak1o nsrexa, Henon pao1n c
yexenne1o, ne crc cnox1a npenpa1na nayka cyxn na cnox
napo. Hexy xy nncna cnoconoc11a a pasepe koko oma
e 1asn ycyra.
ope, no onponeprana1 n 1esn onn ak1n1e, ne Hpokonn-
enn1e xynn ca c1apn 1pakonnpnnn; ne Hpokonnennx1 Kankas e
1pakonnpncka nannna; ne xynn1e ca c1apn xpnc1nxnn; ne r-
rapn1e ca nacexnan no nxe1o rrapn Tpaknx n Hnpnx npe-
n Acnapyx n npen xnnxo1o naxynane na canxnn1e, n np., n
np.? He! My1annen okasna c 1ona, ne e cnocoen a onxa n
senoc1anx xopa1a, kon1o sacyxana1 noxnaa, no ne ne e cnoco-
en a samn1n c1anonnme1o, na koe1o c1on. To n 1936 r., kora-
1o nnca ropnnx o1snn, e penensen1 sa pao1n1e na Henon, ko1o
ce e kanna1npa a saexe ka1epa1a na B. 3a1apckn. Hexy e
no nonepeno a nsoxn oek1nnno crrpxanne1o na enn
1py. To ne e nanpann 1ona, a c pasnn nsxncnnn e senoc1a-
nn kanna1a n c 1ona ro e nmn o1 npano1o, koe1o xy e npn-
naexao.
196
___________
* Hsonanenn o1 My1annen.
** A ne sa cnoconoc11a na My1annen a nsonanana.
*** Hpenek ne e ro napekr 1r, samo1o 1o npne 1esa1a xy, ne rrapn1e ca
xynn. Henon npn1exana mesnn nncxa o1 Hpenek. Hpenek caxo e paskasna na
cnox npnx1e Zrnn, a ne nynnno, onona, koe1o e ny o1 rrapn1e. Tr ne 1o-
sn enn1e1 nxa rrapckn nponsxo. My1annen n 1yk ne kasna nc1nna1a. (Tpn-
1e eexkn ca na -p Henon)
IHABA II
HCTOPHBTA HA ,QUERKOPF
16. B+rackaxa nokena
Ome nrpna1a xox knnra (1907 r.) crc cnox1a 1esa, ne rra-
pn1e ca nacexnan npen Acnapyx n Tpaknx, n Makeonnx,
orpna nnnxanne na nn1epecynamn1e ce. Oane xon1e cro1enec-
1nennnn, nxec1o a xe nonoxorna1, ce cnycnaxa a xe koxnpo-
xe1npa1.
Hena1r1 na xox1a knnra ne e nscrxna, n C1. Maenon no-
rpsa a xe xapak1epnsnpa n Zrnnonnx ,Archiv fur Slavische
Philologie (Bd. 29) 1907 r., ka1o nepaspan monnnnc1, ko1o nrs
ocnona na e1nxoornn (a ne na ak1n) 1nrpx, ne rrapn1e n-
n xynn n c1apn nocennnn na nemno1o cn o1enec1no.
Hyxn1e ynenn ne nn n crc1oxnne caxn a pasepa1 an
nxa nxkakna c1onoc1 onona, koe1o as xx nannca, 1a Maenon
cne sa nyxno a rn ocne1n, a ne n a ce sayx1. Brrapc-
ka1a npeca xy ce nnxame neoc1a1rnna a noc1nrne ne1a cn.
Brnpekn 1ona cro1ne1nn1e kprrone ce sannxaxa c xox1a pao1a
nonene, o1koko1o ce npenoarame. Enn nnenckn npoecop no
npexe1o na Hpenek xn kasa, ne 1e c nero xnoro, xnoro nr1n ca
ronopnn sa xene. Pesy1a1r1 o1 1ona sa xene e, ne Hpenek n
Hnepe npnexa xox1a 1esa, ne rrapn1e ca xynn, a ne nyn, kak-
1o 1e 1nrpxxa no-pano. Tona ce xrneme Maenon a ocye1n, no
ne ycnx. Crmnx1 1osn nnenckn npoecop xn kasa kak xy no
pasnpanxno, ne as crx n nnca n xox1a knnra sa Anc1pnx, kox-
1o na cnrnaa name1o ky1ypno pasnn1ne n ne na nex ce no
rxao, ne nne ome nxxaxe nc1nncka nc1opnx. A 1ona nnkre
ne xx ro nnca, nrk nxxax n npnnnna a ro nnma. O1 kasano1o
ce pasnpa koko ca nn paska1enn c1anonnma1a na nxkon roc-
noa, 1a ca npnxrnan o kene1n, sa a xe koxnpoxe1npa1
npe repxancknx naynen cnx1.
Hoce paspax, ne na-neonoen o1 xene n Zrnn, koe1o
ne noosnpax, samo1o as c nnmo ne ro sacxrax. Hrk na-ce1ne,
ako crx kasa nemo norpemno, a ro nonpann. Ako xncn, ne
kasano1o o1 xene e 1okona necrc1ox1eno, nxxa nyxa a o-
prma nnnxanne na nero. Oane 1o orpna roxxo nnnxanne
na nncano1o o1 xene. Okoo Bakancka1a nona enn renepa-
197
maen nokonnnk xn kasa, ne Zrnn nn1a cnon1e npnx1en 1yk,
xexy kon1o n Hnan Bnmxanon, na kakna nrspac1 crx n nxax
n cpec1na.
Ha xene xn nanpann ocoeno nnena1enne 1osn nn1epec na
Zrnn, no ena noce paspax nerono1o snanenne. Ka1o c1ap knn-
xonnnk, Zrnn snaeme xnoro ope, ne sa a ce npokapa ena 1a-
kana nex, kakna1o sac1rnnax as, ce nsnckna1 eneprnx n cpec1-
na. an npek1no, nn nnnpek1no, ne snax, oane 1ona sann1-
nane orpna nnnxanne1o na rrapn1e a nx1 Henon no kecnx-
1a. Bsexn xy xxa, na me nnnx an me nnme knnrn a crpn
xopa1a. Brrapnnr1 nync1na roxxo yonoc1nne, kora1o xy ce
yae cyna a ynnmoxn pyr rrapnn. Bn 1pxnao xnoro a
ce pasnpoc1pa, ako nx ncka nopono a nsoxa 1asn nc1opnx.
Be kaxa caxo, ne no onona npexe xx noenen nnnonnnk. B sanon-
nama1a 1orana Bakancka nona xx nasnanen n maa na ena o1
ec1namn1e apxnn n npa1en 1ax no nspnnna1a sanone na na-
nannka na maa na ec1nama1a apxnx. Hanannkr1 na apxnx-
1a, n kox1o cyxex, xn cycnennpa sana1a1a. Kora1o mar1 na
ec1nama1a apxnx ro sann1a samo npann 1ona, 1o o1ronopn:
,I-n Henon e na1pno1, 1o me ce cpaxyna a noynana sana1a.
3nann koxannamnx1 apxnx1a n ncnnkn, kon1o noynanaxa san-
a1a, ne nn na1pno1n. Ko1o e na1pno1, ne 1pxna a xe. 3a-
konn1e n no-nncoko1o nanac1no xn aoxa npano1o, no as nak
nnmo ne noynnx. Tyk xox1 na1pno1nsrx xe ron c ena cyxa
o1 6000 sa1nn ena. Hak no npeor, ne crx na1pno1, ne xn ce
na1n pyra ena cyxa o1 ne1 xecena. Ce ka1o xx nscxykan
n oneen o npocemka 1oxra, xx ynonen no oec1! Taka xa-
a Brrapnx nokpenx nayka1a.
17. Heonocxnoxo na Brnn
a) Haponoc11a n esnkr1 na cn. Knxen1 Oxpnckn.
Ha-ce1ne n Zrnn cax rpana nepo1o npo1nn xene. As xx
onapona ena knnxka ,Ko e Knxen1 OXpnckn?. Honexe
o1orana ce 1nrpeme, ne Knxen1 e conennn n ne 1o e one-
cr n Oxpn nn n Brrapnx npeneeno1o o1 Knpn n Me1on
na conenckn enanrene, c koe1o ce okasname, ne canxncka1a
knnxnnna ne e nsxsa o1 Brrapnx, a e aena na rrapn1e o1
rrpnn n conenn, as noconnx Mako1o xn1ne na cn. Knxe1, n ko-
e1o ce kasna, ne Knxen1 nponsxoxa o1 enponeckn1e xnsn, ko-
n1o xnosnnc1no1o napnna rrapn. Bn e snann rrapnn, a ne
198
conennn n sapan 1ona neronnx1 esnk 1pxna a ce napnna r-
rapckn, a ne conenckn esnk. 3a a sacnx n oxcnx no-ope cr-
ma1a 1esa, as noconnx, ne Makeonnx, Tpaknx n Mnsnx ca nn
nacexnann o1 rrapn npen Acnapyx, nrk n npen xnnxo1o
naxynane na canxnn1e. Ho na-naxno1o, koe1o ce noconn, e, ne
1ona Knxen1ono xn1ne nxa nprska c Herena1a sa cn. nxn1rp
Coynckn.
B 1asn erena ce kasna, ne aapn1e nn sansen non1n ne-
nx Hnpnk, a nxenno, kak1o ne1e Hanonnn, 1r n ne1e aknn:
apannx, Mnsnx, Hpenaa, Poona, kak1o n pyrn nponnnnnn
saeno c Tpaknx o Ioxxa1a c1ena npn Bnsan1nx. Brrapn1e
oane, npenon1ec1nann o1 Kynep, ce nnra1 npo1nn aapn1e,
nporonna1 rn, npexnnana1 ynan n saexa1 cnoxena1n1e nponnn-
nnn. Tona e c1anao okoo 630 r.
B xako no-pyra opxa ce non1apx 1ona n n Mako1o xn-
1ne na cn. Knxen1. Tax ce kasna:
Brrapn1e ca enponeckn xnsn. Te npexnnan c roexn cn-
n ynan n nacenn crcenn1e sexn: Hanonnx n axannx,
Tpaknx n Hnpnk, kak1o n roxxa nac1 o1 Makeonnx n Tecanx.
Ho npexe1o na Kynep, nn Kynpa1, rrapn1e ca naeen snann
n Tecanx o Honncko xope.
Cxncrr1 na crmo1o e non1open n n Coyncka1a erena,
kak1o nene noconnxxe.
Crnoc1annx n 1esn erenn, nne nnxaxe, ne rrapn1e, o1
kon1o e nponsxsr Knxen1, ca nn xpnc1nxnn okoo 630 r.,
nn ne ca c1apn xpnc1nxnn, n ne xakeonckn1e xnsn ce kasnan
rrapn, npen crpn1e a ce noxnx1 n nc1opnx1a. Honexe Kn-
xen1 nponsnsame o1 1esn rrapn, 1o e rrapnn n sa1ona ne-
rono1o nncxo 1pxna a ce cnn1a sa rrapcko nncxo.
18. Esnk+x na Cn. Cn. Knn n Mexonn n conenckn,
a ne +rackn
Zrnn, ko1o cnn1ame xakeonnn1e sa canxnn, a ne sa r-
rapn n n cnoe1o crnnnenne ,Kak e nac1ana nrpkonnocanxn-
cknx1 esnk nac1onnno non1apxme, ne cn. cn. Knpn n Me1o-
n nn npenen Cn. nncanne na conenckn n nak conenckn,
oc1ana nsnenaan o1 xon1e okasa1ec1na, ne cn. Knxen1,
crsa1ex1 na c1aporrapcka1a n1epa1ypa, e rrapnn, kak-
1o n ne xakeonnn1e ca nn npen nero rrapn. Honexe n
Hpoc1panno1o xn1ne na cn. Knxen1 na nxkon xec1a e kasa-
199
no, ne Knpn n Me1on ca npenen Cn. nncanne na rrapc-
kn nn conenckn, Zrnn kasa a ne ce oprmao nnnxanne na
rrapn1e. He e crncex xcno kon e osnann 1o ka1o rrapn.
nemnn1e rrapn cnrypno ne, samo1o npen xene ena n
nxko rrapnn xy npo1nnopeneme n 1ona o1nomenne. Ka1o
rrapn 1o 1yk osnananame an1opn1e na Mako1o n na Hpoc-
1panno1o xn1ne na cn. Knxen1, Coyncka1a erena n p., n
kon1o ce kasna, ne Cn. nncanne e npeneeno na rrapckn. He
na1pnapx o1n, Anac1acn Bnno1ekap, nana Hnkoa n
p., crmo 1aka osnananaxa xakeonnn1e ka1o rrapn, 1ona
Zrnn nn ne snaeme, nn, ako ro snaeme, ne xy oprmame nnn-
xanne. Zrnn ce onnpame na nxkon nanonckn erenn, n kon1o
ce kasna, ne Cn. nncanne e npeneeno na conenckn. 3a nero e-
me xepoanno caxo onona, koe1o ce kasname n nanonckn1e e-
renn. To ne e npoynn nponsxoa na 1esn erenn, nrk ne
xoxeme n a nanpann 1ona, samo1o sa nero ce nsncknaxa n nc-
1opnneckn nosnannx, kon1o 1o, kak1o ce nnxa, ne e npn1exa-
na. To axe ne snaeme nn nrk ne nckame a snae, ne ome
Konc1an1nn Hopnporene1 nrpnnx1, ko1o cnoxena crpn-
1e n xrpna1n1e n nc1opnx1a, nnmeme, ne npen noxnxnane1o na
crpn1e n xrpna1n1e n nc1opnx1a, Brrapnx ce e naxnpaa
no pnxcka nac1, o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne 1orana Makeonnx
ce e kasnaa Brrapnx. Ako nanoncka1a cannc1nka e cnoxe-
naa caxo 1osn ak1, meme a ce noman xnoro pa1cka kprn
n o1nomennx1a xexy mxnocanxnckn1e nexena mxxa a r-
a1 crncex pyrn.
19. Ckanenn. Iexn. Xynn. B+ran
Crnoc1annx n oane pasnn1e erenn, nne naxnpaxe, ne 1e
nxa1 nsnec1na cxonoc1 n sanncx1 ena o1 pyra; ne nanonckn1e
erenn ca no-krcnn koxnnannn. Brpxy 1ona ne xoxex a ce
npoc1npaxe 1yk, oane sa oma opnen1nponka neka nsoxnx
ceno1o.
Xynn1e nacexnaxa nemno Maxapcko n Bamko o1 Iopna
Hanonnx o peka nenrp. Hanxenonanne1o xynn sanonna a ns-
nesna krx kpax na V n. Bxec1o xynn aknckn1e nocennnn o1
cpea1a na VI n. 3anonnaxa a ce kasna1 npenxno ckanenn.
Cnope Hopan ckanenn1e nacexnan sexx1a o1 Mypsancko-
1o esepo (na ono1o 1enenne na peka pana) o nenrp, 1.e. cr-
ma1a sexx, kox1o ce cnn1ame ocera naceena o1 xynn.
200
Teonak1 Cnxoka1a napnname 1esn canxnn re1n, 1.e. rn
cnn1ame sa c1apo akncko naceenne. Cnope xnneemnx npes
IV n. Heponnx (Part. 1 23, 951) re1n1e ce crc1oxn o1 ceex
nexena, a Cnxoka1a (VII, 7, 8) nnme, ne aapcknx1 npenon1e,
ko1o e nokopn 1yk canxnn1e, nnca o nxnepa1op Manpn-
kn, ne e nokopn ceex nexena. aknckn1e re1n ca napenenn
nnponex canxnn. Hopan nrk ne npann pasnka xexy xynn n
canxnn. Xynorypn1e, nn xynorynypn1e, pyrapn1e na cannpn-
1e, nn cenepn1e, xnneexa cnope nero na cenep o1 ynan, 1.e.
1ax, kre1o xnneexa canxnn1e.
Crmo n Teoan n Hnknop cnn1axa canxnn n xynn, nn xy-
norynypn, sa eno n crmo, samo1o 1e nenrx nnma1, ne xyno-
rynypn n rrapn ce nn crmsnn, a pyr nr1, ne canxnn n
rrapn ce crmsnn. Bxec1o nasnanne1o xynn, 1e yno1pexnaxa
nasnanne1o ckanenn.
Hopan nnme, ne rrapn1e ce enn na na rannn xa:
na rrapn n xynyrypn n cannpn. Teoan napnna xynyrypn1e xy-
norynypn, a cannpn1e cenepn n nnme, ne rrapcka1a rp-
xana e opasynana o1 xynorynypn n cenepn, kon1o 1o osnana-
na cera ka1o canxnn. Ie1n1e, xynn1e nn canxnn1e cnope no-
c1apn1e an1opn ce nn crc1oxn o1 ceex nexena, a Teoan
n Hnknop nnma1, ne rrapcka1a rpxana e na ocnonana o1
ceex canxnckn nexena. Bnponex, Teoan napene ceex1e
re1ckn nexena nenrx xynorynypn, a pyr nr1 canxnn. Ocno-
na1en1e na rrapcka1a rpxana ca c1apn kpaynanckn xn1e-
n. Tesn ceex canxnckn nexena noynnn omo1o nxe r-
rapn. Ako esnkr1, na ko1o e no npeneeno Cn. nncanne, ce
kasna 1y rrapckn, 1y conenckn, 1o e, samo1o xynorynypn1e
ce kasnaxa 1y rrapn, 1y conenn, a ne samo1o 1osn esnk e n
esnkr1 na ropnonanonnn1e, kon1o n c1apo npexe ne ca ce kasna-
n ckanenn (canxnn). Tona eno, no 1yk nxa n nemo pyro, ko-
e1o e no-naxno.
Kaxe n ce, ne Cn. nncanne e no npeneeno na conenckn,
xncn ce e Vnonnx1 npeno, samo1o Vna nsnaxepn nnc-
xena n npenee Cn. nncanne sa re1n1e nokpa ynan, kon1o ce
VI n. Ce napekoxa canxnn n opasynaxa rrapcka1a rpxana.
noc1oprn, ko1o e xnnx npes IV n., nnme (II, 5), ne V-
na nsnaxepn nncxena n npene Cn. nncanne sa xpnc1nxnn1e n
Ie1nx, c nskmnenne na knnrn1e sa nape1e, samo1o re1n1e nn
nonc1nen napo, 1a 1o ne ncka a ce sacnx1 noennn1e nx
c1pac1n, ako n npene n 1esn knnrn.
201
Crmn1e re1n cn. Heponnx (IV n.) napnna xynn n nnme, ne xy-
nn1e (nokpa ynan) ynnn nca1npa.
Hxnepa1op Konc1an1nn Benkn crrpan ykpenenn1e xec1a
(rpanma) n Mnsnx: Cnnc1pa, Hpecan, Hncka n Konc1anna, sa 1e-
sn ckn1n nn re1n, kon1o no Vnono npexe ca ce kasnan n ro1n.
Hpokonn n pyrn neronn crnpexennnnn exxa ckn1n1e na
xynn n ro1n, a Teoan n Hnknop na xynn n rrapn; napnna-
xa nnponex ro1n1e rrapn, o1 koe1o nsnsa, ne Vna e n
npene Cn. nncanne sa rrapn n ne Konc1an1nn Benkn sa r-
rapn e n noc1pon ropnn1e rpaone*.
Ceanme1o na Vna ce e naxnpao n Hnkono (Hnkmn)
na p. Zn1pa no Trpnono. 3a nocennnn1e na ona Mnsnx V-
na e n npene Cn. nncanne. To ro e npene n sa re1n1e nn
xynn1e o1nr ynan, samo1o cn. Heponnx nnme, ne xynn1e no ne-
rono npexe ynnn nca1npa.
Vnonnx1 ynennk Ankcen1n, ko1o e n nanka n Cn-
nc1pa, nnme, ne Vna n nk1yna, a 1e, ynennnn1e xy, npe-
nncnan. Tona e c1anao xexy 333 339 r. Hopan nrk (VI n.)
nnme, ne okoo 376 r. Xynn1e nananan crcen1e cn necero1n
(ecero1n, ecn1e) o1nr ynan. Becero1n1e, ka1o ne xorn a yc-
1ox1 na xyncknx yap, noxonn nxnepa1op Baenc a rn npne-
xe n Hs1onna1a pnxcka nxnepnx n a nx ae n Tpaknx sexx sa
opao1nane. H sa a xy okaxa1, ne me xy ra1 nocymnn, 1e
xy oeman a c1ana1 xpnc1nxnn, ako 1o n nx a ynn1en, ko-
n1o a snax1 1exnnx esnk.
Xpnc1nxnn1e, kon1o snaen esnka na necero1n1e n kon1o nx
aoxa ynn1en, ca nn Vnonn1e ro1n nn rrapn.
20. Hanonckaxa erena, nn Mexonenoxo mnxne
B nama1a knnra ,Kpona1ona Brrapnx n nokprc1nane1o na
rrapn1e cxe noconnn, ne n nanoncko1o Knpnono xn1ne ca
npnnncann na Poc1ncan Hanonckn ec1nnx, kon1o ca nn ns-
nrpmenn o1 rrapcknx nap Mnxan n Brrapnx, nn ne rrap-
ckn pao1n ca o1exsann ka1o conenckn pao1n. Crmo1o e n c
Hanoncka1a erena, nn Me1oneno1o xn1ne, na koe1o ce onn-
pa Zrnn. B 1ona xn1ne ce kasna, ne conenckn1e knxse Poc1ncan
n Cne1onok nsnpa1nn xopa o kecapx Mnxan n xy kasan, ne
npn conenn1e nnan pasnn ynn1en, kon1o rn ynnn pasnnno.
202
___________
* Brrapcka1a ,naynnoc1 noconna, ne 1esn rpannosnn noc1pokn nn nsnrp-
menn o1 ena noynna, xprcna, roa n oca xonrocka opnna B.a.
Honexe conenn1e nn npoc1n xopa, 1e noxonn kecapx Mnxa-
n a nx nsnpa1n nonek, ko1o a rn naynn na nc1nna1a. Mnxan
nx nsnpa1n nocoa Konc1an1nn n pa1 xy Me1on, kon1o
cnope Zrnn nn npenen Cn. nncanne sa conenn1e n Hanonnx.
A ne 1osn kecap Mnxan e n rrapcknx1 nap Mnxan, nxxa
snanenne. Tyk nxxa a paskasnaxe 1asn nc1opnx, me kaxex caxo,
ne n crma1a erena npnnncna na nanonnn1e nema, kon1o ca ns-
nrpmenn o1 rrapn.
B ne1nrp1n nek necero1n1e noxonxa Baenc a nx npa1n
ynn1en, kon1o snax1 1exnnx esnk, 1.e. ne rrpnn nn a1nnnn, ko-
n1o 1e ne pasnpan. Tona n Hanoncka1a erena ce npnnncna na
nanonckn1e knxse Poc1ncan n Cne1onok: 1e noxonn Mnxan
a nx nsnpa1n ynn1en, kon1o a snax1 1exnnx esnk, samo1o ne
pasnpan rprnkn1e, a1nnckn1e n nexckn1e npononennnn.
Vna npenee Cn. nncanne es knnrn1e sa Hape1e nn Ma-
kanen1e. To nk1yna na ynennnn1e cn, a 1e npenncnan, a n Me-
1oneno1o nanoncko xn1ne (; XV) ce kasna sa Me1on: ,To, ka-
1o noc1ann o1 cnon1e ynennnn na nona ckoponncnn, npenee
ncnnkn knnrn nonrno c nskmnenne na Makanen1e (nape1e).
Ha Me1on ce npnnncna onona, koe1o e nanpann Vna.
3a a c1ane ncnnko 1ona no-xcno, neka orpnex nnnxanne na
ceno1o:
Konc1an1nn yxpx n 869 r. n Pnx, a Me1on e nasnanen o1
nana1a n 870 r. (ce cxrp11a na Konc1an1nn) sa nanonckn ennc-
kon. Bsexe n ce 1nrpenne1o na Me1oneno1o xn1ne sa nxpno,
ne ennckon Me1on n npene Cn. nncanne n Hanonnx sa na-
nonckn1e conenn, 1orana 1pxna a ce kaxe, ne Cn. nncanne ne e
no npeneeno o1 Konc1an1nn, a e no npeneeno o1 Me1on
ce cxrp11a na Konc1an1nn, koe1o npo1nnopenn na caxa1a Ha-
noncka erena, cnope kox1o nana Hnkoa n aroconn n
866f867 r. npenoa na Konc1an1nn. Kaxe n ce, ne Me1on e n
npene Cn. nncanne n Hanonnx, 1pxna a ce pasnpa, ne nana1a
e n nasnann Me1on sa nanonckn nanka, sa a npenee Cn.
nncanne na conenckn sa nanonnn1e, kora1o nana1a eme npo1nn
canxncka1a cyxa n Hanonnx. Tr ka1o nanonckn1e canxnn
xxa xpnc1nxnn npen Konc1an1nn n Me1on, ko rn nokprc1n?
Irpnn n, a1nnnn n? He, samo1o 1ona o1 nnkoro ne ce cnne-
1ec1na. Txx rn nokprc1nxa rrapn1e na Vna, samo1o 1ona
ce nnxa o1 na-c1apn1e an1opn. Crnoc1annx n 1esn erenn,
nne nnxaxe, ne cnope Me1oneno1o xn1ne Cn. nncanne e no
npeneeno npen Konc1an1nn n Me1on, n 1o na esnka na onesn
203
canxnn (xynn-rrapn), kon1o opasynaxa rrapcka1a rpxana.
3a1ona apxnennckon Teonak1 nnmeme: esnk rrapckn, nn
conenckn.
Konc1an1nn nsnaxepn pyrn nncxena knpnnna1a, sa xa-
keonckn1e rrapn. Ka1o rrapn n cynax ca ce osnananan
xakeonckn1e rrapn, a ne ynanckn1e.
21. ,Querkof. Paocxxa na ,ynena B+rann
Bcnnko 1ona ne e nsnec1no na Zrnn. To nsxoxame o1
npenooxenne1o, ne rrapn1e ca 1ypnn, kon1o ca xnneen
xexy ynan n Bakana, a xakeonnn1e ca canxnn, kon1o no
npexe1o na cn. cn. Konc1an1nn n Me1on ome ne nn ,noko-
penn o1 1ypckn1e rrapn, kora1o 1rkxo npo1nnno1o e ak1.
Tr nanpnxep Teoan nnme, ne ce cxrp11a na Konc1an1nn
Horona1 nxnepa1op c1ana cnnr1 xy Kc1nnnan II. To npes
685 r. (no npexe1o na Acnapyx) no1ern na nona npo1nn Cka-
nnnnx n Brrapnx. O1rcna nsesn1e xy nacpema rrapn n
c1nrna o Coyn, kre1o n pasn1 o1 rrapn1e. Tyk Teoan
e napekr Tpaknx Ckannnnx, a Makeonnx Brrapnx. B Co-
yncka1a erena ce kasna, ne Knpn n nsnaxepn nncxena sa
canxnn1e, kon1o ce kasna1 rrapn. Canxnn ca nn ncnnkn,
no xakeonnn1e ce kasnan rrapn. Bcnnkn 1esn n ome xnoro
pyrn, noconenn o1 xen annn, ne xakeonnn1e ca ce napnnan
rrapn ne caxo npen Acnapyx, no n npen xnnxo1o naxyna-
ne na canxnn1e, noc1annxa Zrnn n neoyxenne. To nsryn yxa
n yxa n ce naxnrpn nrpxy xen no enn nenynan nannn. Hone-
xe non1n ncnnkn rrapckn cannc1n no onona npexe xxa xn-
nan npes neronnx xoe n pasnpoc1panxnaxa neronn1e nen,
1o ce ynyn, ne enn rrapnn cn e nosnon a orpne nnn-
xanne nrpxy nenpnx1nn nexy nc1nnn, n naxncn a ro ynnmo-
xn. Ha-nanpe pekr a ysnae ko e 1osn rrapnn. O1 rra-
pn n pyrn 1o naynn, ne Henon e nxkakrn cn repxanckn ok-
1op no noconx; snann nemo neopo. Ce 1ona, kak1o cno-
xenaxxe no-rope, 1o ce orpna krx cnon1e npnx1en n Conx
a ysnae na kakna nrspac1 crx n nxax n cpec1na. Ha-ce1ne
1o naynn, ne rrapn1e xe napnnan ,Querkopf. Bcnnkn 1e-
sn cneennx 1o onapona n cnncanne1o cn ,Archiv fur slavisce
Philologie, Bd. 36, 1916, 514-515.
As snann xx c1ana 1okona nsnec1en, ne xopa1a nonnaxa a
nnma1 xox1a norpanx. Zrnn, pasnpa ce, nnmeme xox1a nor-
204
panx, sa a xe senoc1ann. Kakno omo nxaxa 1esn enn1e1n c
nayka1a? Onponeprana1 n 1e annn1e, kon1o as xx noconn?
He! Zrnn npnkasname omn yxn n ne ocnopn nn1o enn o1 no-
conenn1e ak1n. Box as nnmo cnxc1no ne xx kasa, samo ce sa-
nnxana c xen? Hnnno as ne ro xx sacerna. To nannca onn1e
cn cpemy xen, nnxa ce, sa a okaxe, ne e o1 canxnckn po, sa-
mo1o caxo enn canxnnn xoxe a noc1rnn 1r cnpxxo pyr
canxnnn. 3a a ce pasepa1 noyn1enn1e npnnnnn na 1asn
ona, 1pxna a cnoxenex, ne 1o x npenpne n 1916 r., kora1o
ce noeme nona sa Makeonnx, a ne n xopa1a a xn nonxpna1,
ne Makeonnx e rrapcka sexx.
,Vnena Brrapnx xnoro ce sapana, kora1o ny, ne enn1e1r1,
ko1o 1x e aa na cnox cro1enec1nennk, ce non1apx nynnno
o1 Zrnn. Ho nne1o na rocnoa1a cnxeme paoc1. Te ne ce pa-
naxa o1 okasa1ec1no1o na Henon, ne Tpaknx n Makeonnx, sa
kon1o rrapcknx1 napo cera ce xep1name, ca nn rrapckn
npen Acnapyx, a ce panaxa, ne Zrnn, ka1o ne xoxa a ocnopn
1esn annn na Henon, ro e ocnna c enn1e1n. C 1ona ,ynena
Brrapnx c1oeme na c1pana1a na npo1nnnnnn1e na Brrapnx.
My1annen, koro1o nponnenne1o nsnpa1no a ce opn c r-
rapckn1e ,monnnnc1n, non1apx 1asn ona n sa a x sacnn, nn-
me, ne Hpenek xe n napekr 1r.
IHABA III
HAVKA HHH HOHHTHKA
22. Honxnneckn c+oamennn
Iocnoa1a Hnkon n My1annen ca neononn o1 Henon ne
1okona, samo1o onona, koe1o 1o nsnacx, e nenxpno, a samo1o
1o crc cnon1e nncannx cnococ1na a nckpen1npa Brrapnx
npe nyxnx cnx1 n c 1ona nanacx roxxa ex na c1pana1a. Ho-
n1nneckn npnnnnn rn kapa1 nnponex a noc1rnx1 1r c Henon.
3nann, ako Zrnn n pyrn rna1 rymepn npo1nn Henon, 1o ne n-
o, samo1o Henon e paska1n 1xxno1o c1anonnme, a samo1o c
okasa1ec1na1a cn, ne Tpaknx n Makeonnx ca nn rrapckn
npen Acnapyx, ne Cn. nncanne e npeneeno na rrapckn n np.,
npnnacx npea na Brrapnx!
205
A rocnoa1a Hnkon n My1annen, kon1o samn1ana1 ,nc1nna-
1a, ne rrapn1e ca caxo xn1en1e xexy ynan n Bakana, a
Tpaknx n Makeonnx, sa kon1o npe1ennpa1 pyrn napon, ne n-
n rrapckn sexn, npannn 1ona n nosa na Brrapnx! ope!
Honexe 1esa1a na Henon, ne Tpaknx n Makeonnx ca rrapckn
sexn, npnnacx npea, a 1esa1a na Hnkon n My1annen, ne nc1nn-
ckn rrapn nn caxo xn1en1e xexy ynan n Bakana, npn-
nacxa nosa, a nnnx koxy ce npnnacx 1asn nosa.
23. 3amo sa +ran ce cnnxax cauo mnxenxe
uemy ynan n Bakana n kakna nosa nnnece
xona na +ranxe?
Hsnec1no e, ne Pycnx ce c1pexeme a ce onxn o apa-
nen1e. 3a noc1nrane na 1asn ne pycn1e ce ocanxxa nonene na
npanocanne1o, o1koko1o na canxnc1no1o. 3a a ce c1nrne o
Hapnrpa, 1pxna a ce xnne npes Brrapnx. Hn1epecn1e na py-
cn1e nsncknaxa Tpaknx, kox1o n 1pxname sa xnn1epan*, a r-
e 1xxna. Ha rrapn1e 1e xoxexa a o1c1rnx1 xxc1o caxo xex-
y ynan n Bakana, kre1o 1e n no xxc1o, n no nncenoc1 ne n-
xa nn n crc1oxnne a n npena1.
Hpenn na 1ona no npexe1o na nrpkonna1a opa na1pnap-
xr1 ce crracn no crne1a na pycn1e a nosnon rrapcka nrpk-
na caxo na xn1en1e xexy ynan n Bakana. A nonexe rra-
pn1e cn nsnomnaxa caxoc1ox1ena nrpkna n nsnrn 1asn oac1,
na1pnapmnx1a rn oxnn sa cxnsxa1nnn.
Pycnx ce conapnsnpa c na1pnapxa n ne npnsna rrapcka-
1a nrpkna, ako n n 1asn nrpkna a ce cyxeme na crmnx esnk, na
ko1o ce cyxeme n n pycka1a.
C ena yxa, Pycnx ne nckame a npnsnae rrapcka1a nrp-
kna n Tpaknx n Makeonnx, a c 1ona ne nckame a npnsnae n r-
rapcka1a naponoc1 n 1esn sexn.
Mako npen Pycko-1ypcka1a nona nsxsoxa Hrpkonna nc-
1opnx o1 Ioynnckn n Brrapcka nc1opnx o1 Hpenek. Makap ne
ome pnnon n 1872 r. Kasa, ne ako rrapn1e ca xnneen ome
npes V nek ka1o roxx napo no cpennx ynan n Hanonnx, ne
xoxe a ce nxpna, ne 1e n kpax na VII nek ca nn omn n Mn-
snx, npn nce 1ona Ioynnckn n Hpenek sac1anaxa na 1asn nosn-
nnx n kasaxa, ne rrapcka1a rpxana na ocnonana ena npes
206
___________
* Xnn1epan (nex.) Crcena oac1, krx kox1o ce npexnxna1 npana na npe-
nxc1no, onknoneno ka1o oek1 na rpan1ecka koonnana non1nka. .p.
679 r. o1 1pe1nx Kpona1on cnn Acnapyx xexy ynan n C1apa
nannna. Ceona1eno rrapn nn caxo xn1en1e xexy y-
nan n Bakana, kak1o xeaeme Pycnx.
Oxnn ce nona na Typnnx.
Pycn1e ce okasaxa nenoro1nenn. Te 1prrnaxa c neoc1a1rn-
nn cnn n ena-ena ce opaxa o Can C1eano n xxa can a
samn1x1 sae1a1a 1epn1opnx.
Kora1o 1exnn1e npo1nnnnnn, anrnnann1e n anc1po-ynrapnn-
1e, nnxxa, ne 1e ca o1canan n ne ca cnoconn sa cepnosna
crnpo1nna, rn nmnxa na Bepnncknx konrpec o1 roxxa nac1 o1
sanomnana1a sexx.
Henpnx1eckn pasnooxenn krx Pycnx cnn pemnxa a ce
crsae eno nacano rrapcko knxxec1no caxo sa xn1en1e
xexy ynan n C1apa nannna, samo1o ,nayka1a n Pycnx cnn1a-
xa sa rrapn caxo 1esn xn1en.
B Brrapnx no onona npexe ce nnrna nan o Bora, samo1o
rrapn1e ce naxnaxa sa cnooa na ncnnkn rrapn nn na-
xako na onesn, kon1o npnsnanaxa eksapxnx1a, kora1o cnoxena-
1n1e cnn cn xncexa, ne ca nn cnpanennn no o1nomenne na
rrapn1e, axe n no-cnpanennn, o1koko1o 1pxnao, samo1o
1e nx npnaoxa n Conckn okprr, ko1o ne nnsame n Acnapy-
xona Brrapnx. Ako ocnen 1ona ce ae an1onoxnx n na Honnn-
cknx canxak, 1o c1ana nopan a1amkn1e kane1a, o1 kon1o ce
nnxame, ne Kxna Brrapnx e naceena c rrapn, kon1o ncka-
xa nesanncnx xnno1.
O1 1esn npnxepn ce nnxa kakno snanenne nxa nosnanane1o
na nc1opnx1a sa non1nka1a na enn napo n ne onesn, kon1o no-
rpxa1 1ona, ne rrapn nn caxo xn1en1e xexy ynan n Ba-
kana, npnnacx1 nosa na nyxn rpxann n npea na Brrapnx.
Ako xopa1a snaexa kon ca rrapn1e, pyra meme a re
cra1a na rrapcko1o nexe.
24. 3amo ce asnok+ca +rackoxo neue
na Benncknn konrec?
To ce pasnokrca, samo1o sanann1e cnn no nnkakrn nannn
ne nckaxa a onycna1 nenka Pecnx a c1nrne o apanen1e n
Erecko xope.
To ce pasnokrca n sa1ona, samo1o sanann1e cnn ro cnn1a-
xa sa xoc1, no ko1o pycn1e nrsnaxepxnan a c1nrna1 o ap-
anen1e n Erecko xope, koe1o sanann1e cnn no nnkakrn na-
207
nnn ne nckaxa a onycna1. Boxxa ce o1 1ona ne caxo Anc1po-Vn-
rapnx nopan xnoro1o canxnn, kon1o 1x naeeme, no n Anrnx
n H1anx, kon1o ne nckaxa a onycna1 pycknx o1 n Cpensex-
no xope. Kak1o e nsnec1no, n1anancknx1 xnnnc1rp-npecea-
1e Kpncnn e nrpnnx1, ko1o nsnrna raca cn n nosa na Br-
rapnx ce paspnna xexy Pycnx n Brrapnx. Ako Anrnx n py-
rn nokpennxa rrapn1e no npexe1o na crennenne1o na Kxna
crc Cenepna Brrapnx, 1o c1ana caxo samo1o pycn1e nanpannxa
rpemka1a a cn ns1erx1 onnepn1e o1 Brrapnx. Bes 1asn rpem-
ka Crennenne1o nxxame a c1ane, samo1o sanann1e cnn nx-
xame a nosnox1 eno crennenne no pyckn npo1ek1opa1, a
Pycnx eme caa a ce naoxn.
25. Honxnkaxa na ycnxe n +ranxe
Bcnnkn 1esn ak1n xcno cona1 kakna non1nka ce naarame n
na pycn, n na rrapn. Brrapn1e 1pxname a sacnx1 nannona-
na1a cn ky1ypa, pycn1e 1pxname a nonoxorna1 1ona n npes
nannonana Brrapnx, kox1o nsnrnpeno cnxna1nsnpame na Py-
cnx, a c1nrna1 o nponnn1e, sa kon1o xen1aexa. Tona ne paspa-
xa nn1o pycn, nn1o rrapn. Hn1o o1 rrapcka, nn1o o1 pycka
c1pana ne nsxsoxa 1eope1nnn a oxcnx1 kaknn a ca o1nomenn-
x1a xexy pycn n rrapn, sa a nxa nosa n sa ne1e c1pann.
Brrapcka1a naponoc1 ne nn1epecyname pycn1e. Te ce nn1epecy-
naxa o1 rrapn1e caxo o1okona, okoko1o rrapn1e nx cy-
xexa ka1o cpec1no sa noc1nrane na nsnec1nn nen; ne cyxa1 n
sa 1ona, ne ce nn1epecynaxa o1 1xx; nrk n ne snaexa kon ca rra-
pn1e. Honexe rrapn1e xxa xnnen c1oe1nx no poc1no, nc-
1nncko poc1no, xncexa cn, ne 1e caxn ne xora1 a ce ynpanx-
na1; sa1ona, nxec1o a nonana1 no nac11a na nxko nyx na-
po, 1pxnao a ce noc1anx1 no npo1ek1opa1a na canxncka n
npanocanna Pycnx, no nonexe ne ncnnkn rrapn xxa na 1ona
xnenne, 1e ce pasenxa na ne rpynn. Ena1a e sa caxoc1ox1e-
na Brrapnx, pyra1a sa pycko nokponn1ec1no. Tesn rrapn kas-
naxa: Pycnx ne ncka name1o nonnnenne, 1x ncka caxo a nrpnnx
c nex n a ne pyxnx c nenn1e npo1nnnnnn. B kakno ce crc1on
1asn caxoc1ox1enoc1 1orana? Kak1o n a e, 1ona eme ena no-
n1nnecka nex, nrpxy kox1o nonek n xorr a ce saxncn. Be
kaxex, ne xopa1a onnaxa cnox1a naponoc1 n cn xncexa, ne 1a-
sn non1nka e na-opa sa nannonana Brrapnx. ope, no sa
a c1ane cna1a, ce nsnckna n naxa1a a kaxa1: ,a. Kora1o ca-
208
xo ennnx1 ncka, a pyrnx1 ne ncka, ne xoxe a c1ane cna1a. Py-
cnx non nona c Typnnx no-xako, sa a ne kaxex nnkak, sa ca-
nxnc1no1o, o1koko1o sa npanocanne1o. H nonexe rrapn1e ne
ce cnn1axa sa npanocannn, samo1o ne nckaxa a ce cyxn n nrp-
knn1e nx na rprnkn, Pycnx ne npnsnaname 1xxna1a nrpkna, a c 1o-
na 1x ne npnsnaname n rrapcka1a naponoc1 na oc1anan1e no
poc1no rrapn, kon1o xxa no neoxc1no1o na rrapcka1a
eksapxnx. Henn1e koncyn n Typnnx xxa nrpnn1e, kon1o sanon-
naxa a okasna1, ne xakeonnn1e ne ca rrapn. Hena1a nno-
xannx noc1ann ne rrapn sa nannn n enapxnn na Eksapxnx1a,
kon1o cn nxaxa cnon nannn. C ena yxa, Pycnx e npo1nn r-
rapcka1a naponoc1 n Tpaknx n Makeonnx.
O1 ak1a, ne Pycnx nckame npo1ek1opa1 na cnoono1o
Brrapcko knxxec1no, a na oc1anan1e no 1ypcko poc1no r-
rapn ne npnsnaname nrpkna1a n naponoc11a, xnno ce nnxa kak
Pycnx cn npec1anxme reme1o na rrapcknx napo. Tx ne nc-
kame ena caxoc1ox1ena rrapcka naponoc1, a ce c1pexeme,
kora1o c1nrne o npo1onn1e, a npnomn npes nrpkna1a xnnee-
mn1e nsnrn npeen1e na Brrapnx rrapn crc cnox1a napo-
noc1. Pycnx ne ce rpnxeme sa canxnc1no1o, a sa pycnsxa, koe1o
eme neno npano. 3a1ona onesn rrapn, kon1o norpxaxa
pyckn1e 1enennnn n noc1anxxa pyckn1e nn1epecn na rrapc-
kn1e, 1pxna a ce osnana1 ka1o an1nnannonanc1n. Krx 1esn
rrapn cnaame n npo. B. H. 3a1apckn.
26. Haykaxa na B. 3axackn
a) Ho:umuueckama menenuun na B. 3:amapcku.
B. 3a1apckn nponsnsame o1 eno kpano pyconcko ce-
xec1no nn o1 onsn x na rrapcknx napo, ko1o eme sa noc-
1anxne na Brrapnx no pyckn npo1ek1opa1. Cnope norpanx1a
xy o1 H. Hnkon, 1o e n sanrpmn cpeno n nncme ynnnme n
Pycnx. B He1epypr cena no-roexnx1 xy pa1, nepox1no exnr-
pnpanx1 n Pycnx rrapckn ap1nepnckn onnep 3a1apckn.
To nsnnka 1ax pa1 cn Bacn n ro nac1ann a ynn n Pycnx. Ka-
krn rrapckn na1pno1 e 1osn rrapckn onnep, xoxe a ce cr-
n o1 1ona, ne 1o e o1 nsxran1e n Pycnx e1pona1opn na r-
rapcknx knxs Aekcanrp, sa a ce noc1ann Brrapnx no pyckn
npo1ek1opa1, ko1o ce axnnc1nx1a ne ce sanrpna n Brrapnx.
O1 1ona xoxe a ce crn an 1o e nrsnn1a no-xaknx cn pa1
Bacn n mon krx Brrapnx, nn n mon krx Pycnx.
209
Taka nrsnn1annx1 Bacn 3a1apckn ce sanprmane1o cn n
Brrapnx ce sae a oocnone ,naynno 1esa1a na Ioynnckn n
Baapnk, ne rrapn nn caxo xn1en1e xexy ynan n C1a-
pa nannna. Hn1epecno1o e, ne 1rkxo 1orana ,canxnonn1e n
Brrapnx kakno ne npanexa a okasna1, ne rrapn1e ne ca ca-
nxnn, a nn 1ypnn, samo1o 3a1apckn, ko1o npaneme 1ona, e-
me nonpecea1e na Canxncko1o omec1no n Brrapnx.
,Canxnonn1e, kon1o xxa ncrmnoc1 pyconn, ne nckaxa a
npnsnax1, ne rrapn1e ca canxnn, samo1o, ako ce kaxe, ne r-
rapn1e ca canxnn, me 1pxna a ce cne1a1 sa rrapn ncnnkn
canxnn na Bakancknx noyoc1pon, kon1o ce kasna1 rrapn. To-
na ne eme n nn1epec na Pycnx, samo1o n 1akrn cyna rrapc-
ka1a rpxana n 1pxnao a ce npoc1pe o Erecko xope, nemo,
koe1o npeneme na pyckn1e npe1ennnn sa naenne na pera na
Erecko xope. Pycnx nckame ena Brrapnx o1 nekokoc1o1nn
xnxn ymn caxo xexy ynan n C1apa nannna, samo1o caxo
1asn Brrapnx ne npeneme na nenn1e nanone. B. 3a1apckn ce
sae a oocnone ,naynno 1asn 1enennnx.
6) Ocnoeaeanemo na 6z:eapckama zpxaea.
3a1apckn sanonna a okasna, ne Acnapyx n one 1ypckn
rrapn n ona Mnsnx. A kora1o ce nn1a samo 1esn 1ypnn rono-
px1 canxnckn, a ne 1ypckn, o1ronapx ce, ne 1e ce cxecnn 1yk crc
canxnn n naynnn 1exnnx esnk. 3a a ne ce noxncn, ne e rooc-
onen, 3a1apckn kasa, ne 1ona nn cnne1ec1nan nnsan1nc-
kn1e xponorpan Teoan n Hnknop. He1a as 1esn an1opn n na-
xnpax, ne 1e ne ca nncan noono nemo n ne 3a1apckn n cy-
nax yknano e npennca Ioynnckn n Baapnk, n ne Teoan n
Hnknop nnma1 crncex pyro. Te nenrx pasnpanx1, ne rrap-
cka1a rpxana e ocnonana o1 cpyxanann na xynn nn xynoryn-
ypn n rrapn. Xynr1 Kpona1 nn Kynpa1 n crennn xynn c
rrapn n 1r ocnona rrapcka1a rpxana. Ha pyro xxc1o
crmn1e 1esn an1opn napnna1 xynn1e canxnn n nnma1, ne rrap-
cka1a rpxana na opasynana o1 crmsxnane na canxnn n r-
rapn. Ho canxnn 1e pasnpaxa n cynax ceex1e re1ckn nn
xynckn nexena, kon1o nacexnaxa aknx. Hpenn na 1ona Teo-
an n Hnknop nnma1, ne ce ka1o n pasn1 Konc1an1nn Ho-
rona1, o1 ceex1e crcenn n crmsnn canxnckn nexena cenepn-
1e (xynckn1e cannpn) nn nse1n o1 Beperancka1a (Bepkoncka1a)
kncypa n nn noc1anenn na ns1ok a nasx1 rpannna1a o1krx
rrpnn1e, a o1 pyrn1e ceex canxnckn nexena enn nn noc-
210
1anenn na sana npo1nn aapn1e n Hanonnx, pyrn na mr (npo1nn
rrpnn1e). Hopanonn1e xynrypn n cannpn Teoan n Hnknop ca
osnannn 1yk ka1o canxnn.
Kak1o n a e, o1 Teoan n Hnknop, kon1o 3a1apckn npn-
nexa sa cnne1en, ce nnxa, ne rrapcka1a rpxana e ocnona-
na o1 canxnn, samo1o canxnn1e nasexa rpxana1a o1 rrpnn1e n
aapn1e. Tax, kre1o nxa sanoenanne, sanoena1ex1 nasn sanom-
nana1a 1epn1opnx, a ne nopoennx1. Tyk nasn1en na rpxana1a
npo1nn necanxnckn napo xxa canxnn, sa1ona 1e ca nn roc-
noapn n rpxana1a. Onsn e rocnoap, ko1o pasnoara crc cna-
1a. Tyk crc cna1a pasnoaraxa canxnn1e. Tesn canxnn ce nape-
koxa rrapn, ce ka1o ce crennnxa c rrapn1e. Ocnen 1ona
rrapcka1a rpxana ce ocnona cnope Teoan n Hnknop o1 ce-
ex canxnckn nexena, a ne caxo o1 eno, o1 asonnn1e xexy
ynan n Bakana na ns1ok o1 Hckrp, kak1o yna1 3a1apckn n py-
rn. Tesn canxnn nacexnaxa sexx1a o1 Iopna Hanonnx o ne-
nrp. Cnope Teoan n Hnknop cenepn1e nn noc1anenn na ns-
1ok a nasx1 rpannna1a. Tosn ns1onen x na rrapcka1a rpann-
na e onnpa o Hapnrpa, samo1o Teoan (c1p. 436) nnme, ne nx-
nepa1op Konc1an1nn Konponnx n 764 r. Hsnpa1n 1ano xopa n
Brrapnx a xnana1 Ckanyn, knxsa na cenepn1e. Box c1anao 1o-
na, Konponnx naxy n Brrapnx n c1nrna o Hnka (Bnsa). Ce-
nepn1e ca nn nnponex noc1anenn n sexx1a xexy Bnsa n Hapnr-
pa, ako e 1pxnao a ce oesnpen cenepcknx1 knxs Ckanyn, sa
a xoxe Konponnx a c1nrne o Hnka nn Bnsa, 1r ne Brrapnx
no npexe1o na Acnapyx e onnpaa o Hapnrpa, a ne caxo o C1a-
pa nannna, kak1o ce kasna o1 3a1apckn n p. He Brrapnx e onn-
paa no onona npexe o Hapnrpa, ce pasnpa n o1 pyrn xec1a
y Teoan. Ha c1p. 358 1o nnme, ne Konc1an1nn Horona1 oxnn
nona na rrapn1e (noenn o1 Acnapyx) n sanonxa na nocka-
1a cn a nanese (o1 Asnx) n Tpaknx. Tpaknx snann ne ce e naxn-
paa 1orana no nerona nac1. Ce cxrp11a na Konc1an1nn Ho-
rona1, nnme Teoan (c1p. 364), Kc1nnnan II, cnnr1 na Horona1,
pasnan ckmnennx oronop xexy rrapn1e n ama xy n no-
1ern npo1nn Ckannnnx n Brrapnx n c1nrna o Coyn, kre-
1o rrapn1e ro pasnn. 3exx1a nnponex xexy Hapnrpa n Co-
yn ne e cnaaa no npexe1o na Acnapyx no nac11a na nnsan-
1ncknx nxnepa1op, samo1o 1o n 1osn cyna nxxame a nomna
sa nex, a no nac11a na crmsenn1e ckannnn n rrapn, o1 kon-
1o 1o nckame a x npensexe. Honexe rrapn1e o1rcnan o1
Coyn nnsan1nnn1e n rn nporonnn o1 Tpaknx n Asnx, ko 1ora-
211
na e nacexna Coyn n Tpaknx no npexe1o na Acnapyx? Brrapn-
1e. Tasn sexx Horona1 eme npnsna no oronop sa rrapcka se-
xx. Caxo 1osn ak1 okonna1eno onponeprana 1esa1a, ne no npe-
xe1o na Acnapyx rrapcka1a rpxana ce e naxnpaa caxo xex-
y ynan n Bakana, kak1o n 1esa1a, ne Coyn nnkora ne e n
rrapckn. Crmo1o ce pasnpa n o1 Anac1acn Bnno1ekap,
ko1o nnme, ne no npexe1o na Bopnc rrapcka1a rpxana e onn-
paa o caxnx Hapnrpa, kak1o n o1 Xaxap1o, ko1o nnme, ne
rrapcknx1 nap Mnxan e naee Coyn n np. O1 1ona na-o-
pe oane ce pasnpa, ne c1apa Teoanona Brrapnx ce e naxnpa-
a na kpax na Hepno xope, nn ne 1x e onnpaa o Bocopa.
3amo 1orana ce kasna, ne rrapn1e no npexe1o na Acnapyx
nn naeen caxo o C1apa nannna n ne Kxna Tpaknx n Co-
yn nnkora ne ca nn rrapckn? B nosa na Brrapnx n, nn
n nosa na nyxn napon ce npann 1ona?
Tyk neka cnoxenex n pyr enn ak1. My1annen nn o1npa-
nx ynpek, ne cxe nen1nsnpan Beperana c Bepkonnna, samo1o
cnope nero Beperana ce naxnpaa ,n Hs1onna C1apa nannna,
nso o nepnoxopcknx pxr. 3nann 1ax xnneen cenepn1e.
ope! Honexe My1annen samn1ana 1yk 1esa1a na 3a1apckn,
neka nn re nosnoeno a o1eexnx ceno1o: cnope 3a1ap-
ckn Acnapyxonn1e 1ypnn xnneen na-nanpe na eno o1 oc1pon-
ne1a1a n yc1ne1o na ynan. Ce 1ona xnnan ynan n c1nrnan
o Bapna. 3ae1a1a o1 1xx oac1 ce e npoc1npaa nnponex xex-
y yc1ne1o na ynan n Bapna, a npoxon1e Iynmkn n Pnmkn, n
kon1o cnope My1annen xnneen cenepn1e, ce naxnpa1 na none-
ne o1 100 knoxe1pa mxno o1 Bapna. Kak xoxaxa rrapn1e a
pasnoara1 crc cenepn1e, kon1o 1e ne naeexa? Ocnen 1ona Teo-
an kasna, ne cenepn1e nn npexec1enn na ns1ok. Krx ko ns1ok
xxa npexec1enn cenepn1e, ako 1e ocera ca xnneen o pera na
Hepno xope? Hxa n cxncr 1esa1a na My1annen?
Ho neka rex kpa1kn. Xynn1e xnneexa na sana o1 Ocrx n
o1 Poonn1e. B cynax 1e naxyxa o1 sana n c1nrnaxa o Bapna
n Hapnrpa. Honexe asonnn1e ca nn nearonaexnn nasn1e-
n na rpannna1a, 1e nsen epkonckn1e xynn, nn x-onnn1e, n rn
noc1annn na ns1ok o Hapnrpa a nasx1 rpannna1a.
Brrapcka1a rpxana n cera, kak1o n no npexe1o na Kpona1,
oxnamame sexx1a o1 Iopna Hanonnx o nenrp n na mr o
Erecko n Honncko xope.
Cax Acnapyx e n canxnnn, samo1o e nocn canxncka1a
1n1a knsr. Acnapyx ne e ocnona1ex1 na rrapcka1a rpxana,
212
samo1o 1o e n ne1n rrapckn knxs kpa ynan; npen nero e
knxsyna canxnnnr1 Besxep, ko1o e nponsnsa o1 crmnx po
yo, o1 ko1o e nponsnsa n Acnapyx. Tesa1a, ne ,xonroenr1
Acnapyx n one ena roa n xprcna opnna n Mnsnx, kre1o
nokopn canxnn, ne nonnna na naynnn ocnonn n 1pxna a ce xa-
pak1epnsnpa ka1o nnc1a nsxncnna.
Honexe nrnpekn ncnnko 1ona B. 3a1apckn ce sae a okasna,
ne rrapn ca caxo xn1en1e xexy ynan n Bakana n ne Tpa-
knx nnkora ne e na rrapcka, xoxe a ce pasepe an c nay-
ka, nn c non1nka ce sannxaname 1o, n an My1annen, ko-
1o c pasnn nsnrp1annx ce xrnn a samn1n 1esa1a na cnox ynn1e,
ce prkonon o1 nc1nna1a, nn ncka a x ocye1n npes koxnpoxe-
1npane1o na Henon.
27. C+snaxeno n, nn nec+snaxeno
3axackn nanann xona?
As kasnax, ne 1yk nxa ak1n, kon1o nskmnna1 ncxko sayx-
enne.
1. 3a1apckn ne e xorr a ce sayn, ne cnope Teoan n
Hnknop rrapn1e nn omn ena npes 679 r. o1krx Bora n
on o ynan, nonexe Teoan n Hnknop nnkora ne ca nncan
1akona nemo, a ca nncan, ne rrapn1e ca nacexnan Tpaknx n
Hnpnx npen 1ona xnnxo naxynane n ne C1apa Brrapnx ce e
naxnpaa na kpax na Hepno xope, kre1o xope1o ce c1ecnxna
nrn nn na peka.
2. 3a1apckn ne e xorr a ce sayn, ne rrapcka1a rp-
xana e ocnonana o1 oneenn o1 Acnapyx npes 679 r. 1ypnn, ako
Mnsnx ome n IV n. ce kasname Brrapnx; ako cnope Teoan n
Hnknop 1x e ocnonana o1 canxnn1e, kon1o nacexnaxa Hanonnx
n aknx o nenrp, kak1o n Tpaknx n Hnpnx.
Ocnen 1ona nxa annn, o1 kon1o ce nnxa, ne 1o e snae ns-
nec1nn ak1n, kon1o as ome npen 30 ronnn xx noconn, no sa
a samn1n 1esa1a, ne Tpaknx ne e na rrapcka sexx, 1o rn e
npexrnana nn nsonanana. Taka nanpnxep Teoan (c1p. 436)
nnme, ne Konc1an1nn Konponnx naxy n Brrapnx n c1nrna o
Hnka (Bnsa), o1 koe1o ce nnxa, ne sexx1a xexy Bnsa n Hapnr-
pa, kox1o saexaxa cenepn1e, ce e cnn1aa sa rrapcka sexx.
Ho-krcno crmnx1 Teoan nnme, ne Hnknop 1prrna (n 807
r.) na noxo npo1nn rrapn1e n sanse Opnn (c1p. 482), o1 ko-
e1o ce nnxa, ne sexx1a xexy Hapnrpa n Opnn e na nace-
213
xnana 1orana o1 rrapn. Hnknop e 1prrna na noxo npo1nn
rrapn1e, sa a npensexe Opnn. 3a1apckn, sa a samn1n 1esa-
1a, ne Opnn ne e n nnkora rrapckn, npeana 1osn ak1 no
cennx nannn: ,Hnknop no1ern n noxo npo1nn rrapn1e,
no ka1o c1nrna Opnn. nrpna ce (Hc1opnx I, 251), o1 koe1o ce
pasnpa, ne Hnknop ce e nnxn ns nnsan1ncka sexx, ne Opnn
e n nnsan1nckn rpa, oka1o Teoan nnme, ne e n rrapc-
kn. Hnknop e naceen o1 Mnxan Panrae (811 813 r.). Te-
oan (c1p. 495) nnme: ,Mnxan nsese npo1nn rrapn1e nak o
Hopy, o1 koe1o ce nnxa, ne sexx1a xexy Hapnrpa n Hopy,
kak1o n caxnx1 Hopy, ca nn 1orana rrapckn. 3a1apckn oa-
ne npeana 1ona 1r:
,Hxnepa1op Mnxan no1ern n noxo npo1nn rrapn1e, no
kora1o c1nrna o Hopy, nonnnn1e xy ce pasyn1ynan (Hc1. I,
261), o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne sexx1a xexy Hapnrpa n Hopy,
kak1o n caxnx1 Hopy, ca nn nnsan1nckn, a ne rrapckn.
Kora1o ce nanpannxa paskonkn1e npn Aoa, ce naxepnxa
nxena1a na kac1en1e, kon1o ca nnsan n npeen1e na rrapc-
ka1a rpxana. O1 1xx me cnoxenex 1yk caxo cenn1e: Pooc1o,
nxo1nka, Bnsa, Cosono, Mecexnpnx, o kon1o crmo 1aka ce
nnxa, ne rrapn1e ca naeen Kxna Tpaknx o Mpaxopno
xope, na pera na koe1o exn Pooc1o. Brnpekn 1ona 3a1apckn
1nrpn, ne Kxna Tpaknx nnkora ne e na rrapcka! Anac1acn
Bnno1ekap, ka1o ronopn sa xncnx1a, kox1o rrapcknx1 nap
Mnxan e n nsnpa1n npes 866 r. o nana Hnkoa, nnme, ne sa-
eno c nprmamn1e ce rrapn nana Hnkoa n nsnpa1n n e-
na xncnx sa Hapnrpa, nonexe nr1x1 o caxnx Hapnrpa xnna-
na npes sexx1a na rrapcko1o napc1no (quoniam per Bulgaricum
regnum iter usque Constantinopolim terra tenus tenditur).
Honexe o1 1ona cnne1ec1no, koe1o 3a1apckn snaeme, ce
nnxa, ne Brrapnx no npexe1o na Mnxan (Bopnc) e onnpaa o
Hapnrpa, 3a1apckn ne ro cnoxenana n nnme, ne Brrapnx o
Bopnc e onnpaa caxo o Honnn, a Opnn n sexx1a xexy ne-
ro n Hapnrpa nnkora ne ca nn rrapckn. O1 nesnanne n nan-
pann 1o 1ona? Ho npexe1o na Mnxan (Bopnc) ce crpa n Ha-
pnrpa nceenckn crop a pemn krx kox nrpkna a cnaa r-
rapcka1a sexx n Hnpnx, nn sexx1a o1 Poonn1e o Honncko
xope, o1 koe1o ce nnxa, ne no npexe1o na Bopnc ne caxo Tpa-
knx, no n Hnpnx o Honncko xope ca nn rrapckn sexn.
3a1apckn nsonanana 1osn ak1 n nnme, ne cropr1 ce e sannxa-
na c Hs1onna Brrapnx, c kox1o 1o ne e ce sannxana. O1 nes-
214
nanne n 1o nanpann 1ona? 3a1apckn ka1o rrapckn nc1opnk
ne nannca nn1o pe sa samn1a na rrapcka1a kaysa, kora1o no
npexe1o na Bakancka1a n Enponecka1a nona ce noexa e1nor-
packn n nc1opnneckn cnopone xexy rrapn1e n 1exnn1e crce-
n. H 1ona 1o ne snae.
Ko xopa noc1ann 1orana sa npoecop no rrapcka nc1o-
pnx enn nonek, ko1o ne snae ncnnko 1ona?
Tyk nxxaxe pao1a c nxkakno cynano nesnanne, a crc cnc-
1exno nsxrnane a ce kaxe nc1nna1a, ne Tpaknx n Makeonnx,
kon1o xxa nyxnn na Pycnx, ca nn rrapckn sexn. Axn npo-
ecopn1e Hnkon n My1annen o1 nesnanne n nsonannxa ak1a,
ne xynn1e nn xnnen cnope Hpokonn xexy Kacnncko n
Hepno xope, kora1o Hpokonn nnme, ne 1e ca xnnen n Tpaknx?
3a nnkakno nesnanne 1yk ne xoxe a c1ana n yxa, 1r ka1o as o1-
anna xx orpna nnnxanne nrpxy kasann1e ak1n.
Tyk nxxaxe pao1a c nesnanne, a c amnnnnpane na r-
rapcka1a nc1opnx n nyxa nosa. Bcnnkn ropenoconenn ak1n
3a1apckn n neronn1e ynennnn ne ca snaen, a ca snaen no npe-
xe na nona1a a nsana1 kap1n, ne Tpaknx, sa kox1o npe1enn-
paxa pycn1e, n Kxna Makeonnx ne ca nn rrapckn sexn!
Ho nnnnna1nna na 3a1apckn xyoxnnkr1 An1onon nsae
1esn kap1n, npnpyxenn c pasnn xonrockn nrypn, kon1o nspa-
sxnaxa rrapckn1e ,xanone, sa a ce nnn kak 1esn ,xanone ca
sanomnan nnsan1nckn sexn n ne 1e ne ca xorn a sanomna1 ca-
xo onesn sexn, kon1o ca nn nyxnn na Pycnx. Honexe 3a1apc-
kn ne e cnoxena1 ka1o an1op na kap1n1e, ce xnceme, ne 1e ca
npoyk1 na An1onona1a an1asnx. An1onon norpsa a rn nsa-
e n na nexckn, sa a nne n nyxnx1 cnx1 1asn nc1opnnecka nc-
1nna. H sa a sayn xopa1a, ce nonnca npoecop An1onon,
kakrn1o ne eme. Xopa1a cn xncexa, ne nxa1 pao1a c nxko
snaxenn1 rrapckn npoecop no nc1opnx, koxy1o 1pxna a ce
nxpna. Ha-ce1ne 3a1apckn ce o1kpn. 3a a oxcnn na nyxnx
cnx1 kon ca rrapn1e, 1o onapona n kpax na 1917 r. cnox1a
,Ceschichte der Bulgaren (,Hc1opnx na rrapn1e), krx kox1o
xxa npnoxenn noconenn1e kap1n. B rrapcko1o nsanne na
cnox1a ,Hc1opnx 1o ne nocxx a rn npnoxn. Bnxa ce, ne ce
e c1paxyna. Baxno e no nyxennn1e a snax1, ne Tpaknx, sa
kox1o rrapn1e npoxxa 1okona kprn, ne e rrapcka sexx. O1
ncnnkn 1esn ak1n nne npannx nsnoa, ne 3a1apckn n neronn1e
ynennnn crsna1eno nsonanana1 nc1nna1a, ne Tpaknx n Makeo-
nnx ne ca nn rrapckn sexn.
215
28. Hosaxa na B+rann ox xasn nayka
Hacrpnen o1 3a1apckn, n . Pnson nsae enn a1ac o1
kap1n c noono crrpxanne.
Bcnnko 1ona ope, no ena noronopka kasna:
,Honek npenoara, Bor pasnoara. Pycn1e ne npensexa
apanen1e. Txx rn saexa ,noeonocnn1e ennn.
Hpn pasnpeexne1o na nxnka1a n Hiocknx oronop, onpe-
eena o1 B. 3a1apckn sa pycn1e, Tpaknx ce ae na rrpnn1e.
Xopa1a cn xncexa, ne ne xoxe a ce ae na noeenn1e rra-
pn ena sexx, kox1o rrapckn1e ynenn cnn1axa sa rprnka. He
nnoxa1n1e ca ce prkononn no kap1n1e na npo. B. H. 3a-
1apckn, 1ona xoxe a ce nnn, ka1o ce cpannn kap1a1a na 3a1ap-
ckn n nerona1a ,Ceschichte der Bulgaren sa npexe1o na nap Bo-
pnc, c kap1a1a na Brrapnx no Hiocknx oronop, n me ce oka-
xe, ne 1e crnnaa1.
He crmn1e kap1n ca exan na xaca1a na onesn, kon1o n
Hio pemanaxa cra1a na rrapcko1o nexe, ce cnne1ec1na
n o1 1oranamnnx rprnkn xnnnc1rp-npecea1e Benesnoc. Ko-
ra1o rrapcknx1 xnnnc1rp-npecea1e C1axonckn noxo-
n Bennseoc a ce sapann xnnao1o n a ne ce o1krcna Brra-
pnx o1 Erecko xope, ,a ne ce nsexa rrapcka Tpaknx, kox1o n
reorpackn, n c1onanckn ne cnaa krx Irpnnx n np., Bennseoc
xy o1ronopn: ,Bne, r-n xnnnc1pe, ka1o ncka1e 1ax sexx, reax-
1e n kap1n1e na Bamn1e ynenn n nnoxa1n, o1 kon1o ce nnxa,
ne 1ax sexx nnkora ne e na rrapcka?
Crmo1o meme a kaxe n Pycnx, ako 1x n sansea apane-
n1e, kak1o ce npenoarame. O1 1osn ak1 ce nnxa koxy ycy-
xn 3a1apckn, ka1o amnnnnpame nc1opnnecka1a nc1nna, ne
Tpaknx nnkora ne e na rrapcka. To ycyxn na nyxn napo-
n. Bes ,nayka1a na B. 3a1apckn Brrapnx nxxame a re o1-
krcna1a o1 Erecko xope.
Ho 1ona ne ca ennc1nenn1e ,sacyrn na npo. B. 3a1apc-
kn n neronn1e ynennnn sa rrapcknx napo.
Crc cnox1a ,nayka, ne rrapn1e ca 1ypnn, kon1o ca xnnen
xexy ynan n Bakana, a pyro1o e esc1onanc1ne nxo1, 1e npe-
nsnnkaxa ane1n1a na crcen1e na Brrapnx sa rrapckn sexn.
3a a ne rex omo paspann, oprmaxe nnnxanne1o na namn-
1e nn1a1en, ne 3a1apckn n ynennnn1e xy ne pasrexa1 nc1o-
pnx1a na rrapcknx napo; 1e ne cex1 cra1a na rrapcko-
1o nexe. Ho rrapcka nc1opnx 1e pasnpa1 norpanx1a na
216
1osn nn onsn ,xan. Baee nanpnxep nxko ,xan o C1apa
nannna, 3a1apckn kasna, ne 1ona e Brrapnx. Baee pyr o
Honnn, o Bapap n np., 1ona e Brrapnx. Vxpx ,xanr1, yx-
pxa Brrapnx. Hxao n e napo n 1esn ,xanckn naennx n ka-
krn, 1ona ne e naxno. He e nxao rrapn n nsnrn ,xanckn1e
naennx, nero 1ona ne ro nn1epecyna, samo1o 1esn rrapn ne ca
ynpanxnann o1 ,xanone.
3a 1asn ,nayka pycn1e aoxa na 3a1apckn 1n1a1a none1en
ok1op, a neronn1e crnap1nsann ro oxnnxa sa nenk ynen. Ako e
nanncana nc1opnx1a na rrapcknx napo, a ne norpann1e na pas-
nn ,xanone, cra1a na rrapcko1o nexe meme a re pyra.
Crcen1e na Brrapnx mxxa a pasepa1, ne nsnrn 1exnn1e
rpannnn nxxa esc1onanc1nen nxo1; mxxa a ce pasepa1 c r-
rapn1e n kprnonpon1nn1e nonn mxxa a ce nserna1. Pycnx me-
me a saexe pyro c1anonnme cnpxxo Brrapnx. Ho kora1o Py-
cnx nnx, ne onesn, kon1o 1pxname a nasx1 Brrapnx, pao1x1
n nn1epec na caxa1a Pycnx n npo1nn Brrapnx, 1x ce caxosapa-
nn n cn noxncn, ne me ocrmec1nn nanrno cnon1e xeannx. Py-
cnx nckame a naee Opnn c Kxna Tpaknx n nonexe nonpe-
cea1ex1 na Canxncko1o pyxec1no B. 3a1apckn e okasa
,naynno, ne Opnn n Kxna Tpaknx nnkora ne ca nn rrapc-
kn, 1x cn noxncn, ne nxnka1a cera n e cnrypna. Kora1o oane
rrapn1e naxyxa n Tpaknx n sansexa Opnn, nrk n oc1ana Tpa-
knx, 1orana pycn1e, kon1o xxa nsnpa1nn cnon xopa axe n na
pon1a a kaxa1 na rrapn1e, ne nanpasno cn xax1 cnn1e, nx
kasaxa: ,Bne saexa1e sexx1a, kox1o nne nckaxe sa nac, nne me nn
nokaxex, ne me nsryn1e ne caxo Tpaknx n Makeonnx, no n nac1
o1 cnoona Brrapnx. Tona c1ana. Henynano nemac1ne cnoe1x
rrapcknx napo. o1ax ce c1nrna, kora1o ce noc1anx1 nyxn
nn1epecn na rrapckn1e.
29. Mexo+x na Henon
Ka1o ne xora1 a ocnopx1 ak1n1e, rocnoa1a Hnkon n My-
1annen nnma1, ne Henon nxa ,nyonnmen xe1o na pao1a,
ko1o e o1pnnanne na ncxka nayka. 3a nprn nr1 nne nynaxe a ne
ce ocnopna1 pesy1a1n1e, o kon1o enn nsceona1e e c1nrna,
a a ce ocnopna xe1or1, no ko1o 1o e c1nrna o 1esn pesy-
1a1n. ope. a pasreaxe 1ona.
B nama1a knnra ,Kpona1ona Brrapnx n nokprc1nane1o na
rrapn1e nne noconnxxe, ne B. 3a1apckn, c nn1o xe1o Hn-
217
kon n My1annen cn cyxa1, ynpekname Henon, samo1o ce onn-
pa na nrpnonsnopn, o1 kon1o ce nnxa, ne oceramnn1e xnennx,
kon1o 1o (3a1apckn) norpxame, nn amnnn n an1ac-
1nnnn. As xncex, ne 1yk nxaxe pao1a c nxkakno neopasyxe-
nne. Hoce oane ce yenx, ne nxxaxe pao1a c neoyxenne, sa-
mo1o 3a1apckn, sa a samn1n ,amnnn1e n an1ac1nnnn1e
xnennx, nn ne cnoxenaname ak1n1e, kon1o ronopexa n nosa
na rrapn1e, nn rn nsonananame. 3amn1a1a nnponex na a-
mnnn1e xnennx, ne Tpaknx n Hnpnx ne ca rrpackn sexn, ne
nonnna na rpemka, a na yxncr.
Honexe n rocnoa1a Hnkon n My1annen rpxa1 na 1esn
amnnn xnennx, 1e kasna1, ne xe1or1 na Henon e nyonnmen.
B kakno ce crc1on 1osn xe1o?
He caxo napon1e, no n o1enn1e ncnnnnnn cn nxa1 cnox
nc1opnx.
Kaknn ca nn nonx1nx1a na nc1opnnn1e npen c1o ronnn n
kaknn ca nonx1nx1a na ceramnn1e nc1opnnn, nxa pasnka. Ha-
nanpe ne ce snaeme, ne nxa rrapn. Tona ce yc1anonn. Cera sa-
nonna a ce 1rpcn kakrn napo ca rrapn1e. Hoxnnxa ce 1okona
xnennx, koko1o xopa ce sannxanaxa c 1osn nrnpoc. Tesn xnennx
as nsoxnx ome npes 1910 r. n xox1a knnra ,Hponsxor1 na r-
rapn1e. Honexe xnennx1a ne crc1anxnaxa cnc1exa, 1e ne pema-
naxa nrnpoca sa naponoc11a na rrapn1e. O1 ncnnkn 1esn nskas-
nann na xnennx na-roxxo nnnxanne sacyxn Baapnk. 3amo?
3amo1o 1o nprn ae ena opxya sa opasynane1o na
rrapcka1a rpxana. Ka1o nsnxa npenn nskasann1e npen ne-
ro xnennx, 1o kasna, ne no yc1anoneno, ne rrapn1e ca ypa-
ckn nyn. Bnsan1nckn1e e1onncnn Teoan ( 817 r.) n Hnkn-
op ( 828 r.) nn nncan, ne rrapn1e ca omn o1 Bora n
nn cponn c xynn1e n ky1yprypn1e. Ce 1ona Baapnk nnme,
ne 1pe1nx1 Kpona1on cnn omr npes 678 r. n Mnsnx, nokopn
canxnn n ocnona rrapcka1a rpxana. 3amo 1esn nyn, kora-
1o ca xnnen nokpa Bora, ca ce napnnan nyn, a ne rrapn,
Baapnk ne kasa.
Ce Baapnk ce xnnxa pyrn, npenxno Kprc1ionnn, kon-
1o kasaxa, ne rrapn1e ca xynn, oane samo 1esn xynn ce kasna1
cera rrapn, Kprc1ionnn ne xoxa a oxcnn. Pasnpa ce, samo-
1o nn omn o1 Bora. 3nann onesn, kon1o npes 679 r. nokopn-
n canxnn n Mnsnx n ocnonan rrapcka1a rpxana, ne ca n-
n nyn, kak1o kasname Baapnk, a xynn. pnnon ocnopn 1esa1a
na Kprc1ionnn, samo1o 1o yc1anonn, ne rrapn1e ce cnoxe-
218
nana1 ka1o roxx napo ome n V n. Hokpa ynan, sa1ona ne xo-
xe a ce 1nrpn, ne 1e ca omn ena n kpax na VII n. o1nxkre
cn. Brs ocnona na Baapnk n pnnon Hpenek nannca cnox1a
,Hc1opnx na rrapn1e, n kox1o 1o ne npnsnaname xync1no1o
na rrapn1e, a rn pasrexame ka1o nyn nn nnn. Ha 1ona
renme sac1anaxa noce n Hnan Bnmxanon n B. 3a1apckn.
Kakno e nanpann 1orana Henon?
To kasna, ne rrapn1e ca xynn. Tona ne e nemo nono, samo-
1o npen nero ca kasnan crmo1o n pyrn. Bcnnko 1ona e 1r, no
nxa n pyro.
He caxo Kprc1ionnn, Baapnk, Kanpo1, Hoc n p. Ca
noc1anxn rrapn1e nrn nprska c xynn1e, no n Teoan, Maaa,
Kacnoop n pyrn c1apn an1opn. 3aana1a na nc1opnx1a ne e a
kaxe nemo o1 cee cn, a a yc1anonn, ne 1esn n onesn an1opn ca
kasan 1ona n onona n a oxcnn cxncra na kasano1o. He r-
rapn1e ca xynn, 1ona ca kasnan n pyrn. 3amo 1orana sa 1esn py-
rn ne ce kasna, ne nn npenpa1axnn, kak1o 1ona ce kasna sa He-
non? Hnko ne kasa sa 1xx, ne 1e crc cnon1e nncannx oopnan
oceramnn1e xnennx. He rrapn1e ca xynn, 1ona e ro kasa n
Kprc1ionnn. 3amo pnnon, Hpenek n np. O1xnrpnxa 1esa1a na
Kprc1ionnn n samo Hpenek, 3a1apckn n p. npnexa, ne rrapn-
1e ca xynn nak kora1o Henon yc1anonn 1ona? Hxa snann pasnka
xexy ,kasa n ,yc1anonn. H pnnon eme kasa, ne rrapn-
1e ca cnoxenanann ome n V n. nokpa ynan, oane 1o ne oxc-
nn, o1kre ce nsexa 1esn rrapn 1ax, sa1ona n kasano1o o1 nero
cn oc1ana caxo kasano, es nnxnne nrpxy nayka1a, samo1o nrn-
pekn 1ona Hpenek nak nporxn a pasrexa rrapn1e ka1o
omn ena npes 679 r. n ona Mnsnx. Heoocnonann1e nskas-
nannx ne ca nayka. Ha-xnoro nskasnannx eme nanpann Hnan
Bnmxanon, no n 1e o1noxa na nx1rpa. To axe nsae n Bya-
nema n na penckn cnon1e nskasnannx, oane nnko ne nx orp-
na nnnxanne. To eme xnoro orp npnx1e n c Hpenek, n c
Zrnn, oane 1e axe ne xponnknpaxa neronn1e nskasnannx, oka-
1o c Henon 1e xnorokpa1no ce sannxanaxa. Hpenek ne npne 1esa-
1a na Bnmxanon, ne rrapn1e ne ca xynn, a noxkn 1ypnn, no
npne npnnnnna na Henon, ne rrapn1e ca xynn. Hxa snann ne-
mo, koe1o Henon e nanpann, koe1o pyrn1e ne ca xorn a nan-
panx1. Kak c1nrna Henon o 1ona sakmnenne?
Brrapcka1a nc1opn xsanonna, kak1o n no-npen kasaxxe, c
nnsan1nckn1e xponorpan Teoan n Hnknop. Ha 1xx ce noso-
nana1 onesn, kon1o 1nrpx1, ne rrapn1e ca krcnn npnmrnn.
219
He1a as 1esn an1opn n naxnpax, ne 1e ne ca nn npoynnann o1
xon1e npemec1nennnn. Taka nanpnxep Hnknop nnme, ne
Kynpa1, pa1onner1 na Opran, rocnoapx1 na xynorynypn1e,
nsronn aapn1e o1 sexx1a cn n nonnca xnp c nxnepa1op
Xepakn (610 641 r.). Ho-c1apnx1 o1 na1pnapx Hnknop,
nanka1a Hoan o1 Hnkny, ko1o e non1n crnpexennnk na Kpo-
na1, nnme nrk, ne 1osn Kynpa1 e n nspacna n nxnepa1opc-
knx nop n Hapnrpa n e n nsrk npnx1e na nxnepa1op Xe-
pakn. Honexe aapn1e no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Xepakn
ocanxa saeno c xynyrypn, rrapn n np., Hapnrpa, Kynpa1,
npnx1ex1 na Xepakn, ckmnn oronop c Xepakn, o1e-
n ce o1 aapn1e n rn nsronn o1 Tpaknx n Hnpnx. Ocnoo-
n snann Bnsan1ncka1a nxnepnx o1 aapn1e, ce koe1o nrk
ocnoon 1paknckn1e n nnpnckn1e rpaone o1 rrpnn1e.
Tosn Kynpa1 e ama na Acnapyx. Honexe Kynpa1 n cnnr1 xy
Acnapyx, ko1o n ocnona rrapcka1a rpxana, ce osnana-
na1 noce ka1o rrapn, as noconnx, ne xynn1e ca napenenn
rrapn, nn ne xynn1e ca rrapn, kak1o n ne rrapcka1a
rpxana ne e ocnonana o1 nyn npnmrnn, koe1o ce nnxa n
o1 ak1a, ne Acnapyx ce cnoxenana ka1o ne1n rrapckn knxs
nokpa ynan. E1o koe nakapa Hpenek a ce o1kaxe o1 cnox1a
1esa, ne rrapn1e nn nnn, n a npnexe Henona1a, ne 1e ca
xynn.
Tona eno.
B1opo: He1a as no-na1a1rk Hnknop n Teoan n yc1anonx-
na1, ne Hnknop nnme, ne Kynpa1 n c1ana rocnoap na xynn-
1e n rrapn1e, a Teoan, ne Kpona1 c1ana rocnoap na xyno-
rynypn1e, rrapn1e n ko1parn1e. Bxec1o xynn, Teoan kasna
xynorynypn.
O1 1ona ce nnxa, ne Teoan n Hnknop ca cnn1an xynn1e
n rrapn1e sa ne o1enn nexena. Tona e nanpann npen 1xx
n Maaa (VI n.), ko1o nnme, ne Bn1anan okoo 515 r. e nom-
na naneo na xynn n rrapn (nnx ,Kpona1ona Brrapnx, r.
III). Xynn1e n rrapn1e ca nn nnponex ne o1enn nexena.
Xynr1, nn xynorynypr1 Kpona1, c1ana rocnoap n na rrapn-
1e. Ce 1ona crennenne xynn1e ce napekoxa rrapn.
Tpe1o: Vc1anonn ce, ne Mnsnx cee kasnaa ome npes ne1nrp-
1n nek Brrapnx; ne ncnnkn c1apn nnca1en ka1o Enon, Kacn-
oop, Koxec Mapnenn, Hopan, Hoan o1 An1noxnx, Hoan Ma-
aa n np., ca pasrexan rrapn1e ka1o c1apn 1pakonnpn-
nn, koe1o xoxe a ce nnn n nama1a knnra ,Kpona1ona Brrapnx
220
n nokprc1nane1o na rrapn1e. Brrapn1e ne ca nnponex krcnn
npnmrnn. Ka1o krcnn npnmrnn ce osnanana1 xynn1e, a ne r-
rapn1e.
Hxa nxkon, kon1o noc1anx1 xynn1e nrn nprska crc cpenoa-
sna1cknx (nn xonrocknx) napo xnynr-ny, ka1o cn xncx1, ne
xnynr-ny n xynn no eno n crmo. Hnkakna nen1nnnoc1 nxxa
xexy nasnannx1a xnynr-ny n xynn. Hayka1a ce sannxana c onesn
xynn, kon1o xxa osnanenn ka1o 1aknna o1 Hpokonn, Hopan n
1exnn1e crnpexennnnn. Tesn xynn ne ca asna1nn, a ca c1apn1e kn-
xepnn, nn knxpn, kon1o ca c1ap enponeckn napo. Canxnn
nec xnnex1 na oc1pon Caxann, n Cnnp, na p. Bnca, no pera
na Apna1nnecko xope, no nne ce sannxanaxe c akanckn1e ca-
nxnn. Crmo1o e n c xynn1e. Moxe a e nxao nxkaknn cn xnynr-
ny n Asnx, Apnka, Axepnka n np., nne oane ce sannxanaxe c
Hpokonnenn1e n Maaaonn1e xynn, samo1o 1e ocnonaxa r-
rapcka1a rpxana.
Tesn xynn ce napekoxa rrapn, kora1o ce crennnxa c r-
rapn1e na mr o1 ynan. Hxe1o rrapn ne e oneceno, a e sana-
peno, samo1o xynn1e n rrapn1e ca nn nrpnonanano ne ne-
xena. Tyk ce naxnpa nrser1 na npoexa. 3amo1o, ako ce kasna,
ne xynn ca omn o1nxkre cn n Mnsnx, ne xoxe a ce pasnpa,
ne nn omn rrapn1e, samo1o xynn n rrapn ca ne pasnn-
nn nexena. Tosn ak1 npensnnkna npenpa1 n rrapcka1a nc1o-
pnx. Honexe 1o ne xoxe a ce ocnopn, npnxrna ce o cnekya-
nnn: Henon kasa, ne Kynpa1 e Kpona1, ne 1ypnn1e ca canxnn, ne
canxncknx1 anoc1o Knpn e 1rxec1nen c Vna n np. Bcnn-
ko 1ona, axe n kora1o n no nxpno, ne oopna ak1a, ne one-
sn, kon1o ocnonaxa rrapcka1a rpxana, ne ca ce kasnan r-
rapn, a xynn n ne rrapn1e ca c1apn 1pakonnpnnn. 3a 1ona ce
cnopn. Kakrn npenpa1 ce npensnnkna n nc1opnx1a c 1ona, ne He-
non nxec1o Kynpa1, kasa Kpona1?
Trpcnx n cera kon ca nn nsnopn1e na Teoan, nne naxn-
paxe, ne 1esn nsnopn ca Hoan Maaa (VI n.) n Hpokonn. Teo-
an e npenncna yknano na xnoro xec1a Maaa. To ceona-
1eno e napnna rrapn onsn napo, ko1o e n osnanen ka1o
1akrn o1 Maaa. Maaa oane pasrexa rrapn1e ka1o c1a-
pn 1pakonnpnnn n na eno xxc1o (c1p. 97) axe kasna, ne no
nerono npexe rrapn ce napnnan onesn, kon1o n c1apo npexe
ca ce napnnan xnpxnonn, naneo na kon1o e nomna Axn n
Tpoxncka1a nona. Cpannnx n Teoan c Hpokonn, nne naxnpa-
xe, ne 1o e napekr rrapn n xynn Hpokonnenn1e ckn1n n kn-
221
xepnn; sa1ona Teoan noc1ann c1apa Brrapnx na kpax na Hepno
xope, nn 1ax, kre1o n c1apo npexe (npen Tpoxncka1a nona)
xnneexa knxepnn1e n ckn1n1e, nn xynn1e n ro1n1e n np.
Tona e xe1or1 na Henon.
30. Mexo+x na Myxaqnnen
Kakrn e xe1or1 na My1annen? Oxcnn n e My1annen
1osn npoex no pyr nannn? He! My1annen ne e kasa kon ca
rrapn1e, mox ne ca 1aknna, kaknn1o rn onncna Henon, sa a ce
nnn kakrn e neronnx1 xe1o. He caxo 1ona, no 1o ne e xorr
a oopn ocnonna1a 1esa na Henon. Henon kasa, ne rrapn1e,
espasnnno o1 kakna naponoc1 ca, ca nacexnan n Tpaknx, n
Hnpnx npen Acnapyx. Tona My1annen ne e oopn. To ne e
noconn kaknn ca 1esn rrapn, mox ne ca c1apn 1pakonnpn-
nn. Kakno kpn1nkyna 1orana 1o? Hnmo. Heronnx1 xe1o ce crc-
1on caxo a senoc1ann Henon c nsonananannx. 3amo 1o kasna,
ne ,Kankas, na cenep, kre1o Hpokonn noc1anx on1anma1a na
xynn1e, ce npoc1npa xexy Kacnncko n Hepno xope, oka1o
Hpokonn nnme, ne enn o1 nonoxnx1a na Kankaska1a nannna
ca orpna1n na cenep n sana n ce npoc1npa1 npes sexx1a na nn-
pnnn1e n 1paknnn1e n ne xynn1e ca xnnen mrons1onno o1 1a-
sn Kankaska nannna.
H axann1e n, kon1o ca xnnen crmo 1r cnope C1paon
o Kankaska1a nannna, ca asna1nn? 3amo Florus (xnnx okoo
20 r. c.Xp.) nnme, ne pnxcknx1 noenanannk Volso c1nrna o
Poonn1e n Kankas (Volso Rhodopen Caucasumque penetravit).
Ho Kankas 1yk ce pasnpa Pna nannna, samo1o Pna e crce-
na c Poonn1e n samo1o ome Ecxn, ko1o e no-c1ap o1 Xepoo1,
nnme, ne o1 Kankas nsnnpa p. Hpnc1a, Hrp, ko1o nsnnpa o1
Pna, kak1o no-npen cnoxenaxxe. Cnope Apnan, Aekcanrp
Benkn, ka1o xnna Tpaknx, nanana 1pnan1e, kon1o xnnee-
n xexy p. Hckrp n Tpaknx. A Heponnx (IV n.) nnme, ne 1yk
(xexy Hckrp n Poonn1e), kre1o eno npexe e nomna Aek-
canrp Benkn n Kankaskn1e ckan, ce nnrnan xynn1e. H Hepo-
nnx nnponex e osnanana crcena1a na Poonn1e nannna ka1o
Kankaska nannna. Hokpa 1osn 1pakonnpnckn Kankas ca xn-
nen xynn1e. Honexe xnneemn1e nokpa Pna n sanano o1 nex,
kasna1 x, a ne as, x-onnn1e ca cnn1ann sa xynn. Tesn xopa n Hpo-
konn osnanana ka1o xynn, samo1o cnope nero Kc1nnnanonnx1
noenanannk Bensapn, ko1o e poen n Iepxannx, nec Cena-
222
pena anx, ynnnmko, e o1 xynckn nponsxo. Tesn xynn nsnrnxa
aapn1e o1 Tpaknx n nnsan1nnn1e o1 1paknckn1e n nnpnckn-
1e rpaone n ocnonaxa rrapcka1a rpxana. Tosn ak1 e nsona-
nen o1 My1annen no ropnnx nannn.
Kre e kasa Hpokonn, ne xynn1e ca xnnen na cenep o1
Kankaska1a nannna? Haynnnx1 xe1o na npo. My1annen ne ce
crc1on nnponex n 1ona a ce nsxcnn nxko nrnpoc, a a ce yxs-
nn nxkox nnnoc1, axe n 1orana, kora1o 1asn soa ro npann ne-
nrsxoxen sa npoecop, samo1o, ako n ce nonn1a npo. Mae-
non, 1o n kasa, ne onsn, ko1o ne e n crc1oxnne a ronopn nc-
1nna1a, ne n xorr a re npoecop.
B o1snna cn nrpxy pao1a1a na Henon, ko1o e nncan npes
1936 r., My1annen yno1pen ncnnkn nenosnoenn cpec1na a
senoc1ann Henon, sa a samn1n ,nayka1a na cnox ynn1e B.
3a1apckn.
Oane n nocena1a knnxka na ,Bnsan1nnnme Ha1m-
pn1, nsxsa n kpax na 1937 r., My1annen e sae crncex py-
ro c1anonnme krx cnox ynn1e. Bec1nnk ,nennnk o1 15 xnya-
pn 1938 r. npeana neronnx o1snn sa ,nayka1a na 3a1apckn no
cennx nannn:
,B nocena1a knnxka na cn. ,Bnan1nnnme Ha1mpn1 r-n
My1annen e nannca enn nekpoor sa neo1anna nonnnanx n
1okona sacyxnnx sa nama1a nayka npo. B. H. 3a1apckn. B 1o-
sn nekpoor r-n My1annen e o1pekr nxa1a naynna enoc1 na
cnox roxx ynn1e. Mexy pyro1o, n nekpoora ce kasna, ne none-
ne1o o1 1ona, koe1o e nannca r-n 3a1apckn, e no nenpnexnno.
Hpn 1ona 1o e n pao1n c nannnn n oc1apen xe1on.
O1 1ona ce nnxa, ne Henon nxa npano, ka1o 1nrpn, ne ono-
na, koe1o e nnca 3a1apckn, e nenpnexnno.
Makap ne My1annen ocnopn ,nayka1a na cnox ynn1e, 1o
nak sarpxa xe1oa na ynn1ex cn 3a1apckn. 3a1apckn kasa, ne
ne 1pxna a ce oprma nnnxanne na ak1n, o1 kon1o ce nnxa,
ne oceramnn1e xnennx nn amnnn nn nenpnexnnn. My-
1annen nporxn 1osn npnnnnn, samo1o 1o, xakap ne snae, ne
,nayka1a na 3a1apckn e nenpnexnna, ynpekna Henon, ne 1o
okasna nena1a nenpnexnnoc1. Kak1o n a e, o1 yc1anonxna-
ne1o na My1annen, ne 3a1apckn ne e nxa naynen xe1o n ne
onona, koe1o 1o e nnca, e nenpnexnno, ce nnxa, ne ne1npn-
ece1 ronnn rrapcka1a xaex, nkmnn1eno n r-n My1ann-
en, e cymaa n ynna nenpnexnnn nema. Tpxna n nnponex 1a-
sn nenpnexnna nayka a nporxana ome?
223
Ha 1osn nrnpoc me o1ronopn Mnnnc1epc1no1o na napona1a
npocne1a.
31. Hnnnnnxe sa nennns+nxa
Mnosnna ce nn1a1 samo e 1asn nenpnxsrn cnpxxo Henon. As
c nnmo ne xx okocna Maenon, oka1o 1o ce naxnrpn no
enn nenosnoen nannn nrpxy xen ne caxo n rrapcka1a, no n n
nyxec1panna1a npeca. As axe ne ro nosnanax. He as kasax ne-
mo omo npo1nn 3a1apckn, a 1o npo1nn xen (nnx nerona1a
Onenka .a.). Ako as xy o1ronopnx, 1o eme caxo sa samn1a.
Hnkon, My1annen, Mnx1en, ynen n tutti quanti* as ne nosna-
nax n c nnmo ne rn xx sacerna, sa a nx nocyxn 1ona ka1o
npnnnna sa 1xxna1a nenpnxsrn npo1nn xen.
3amo ce npoxnn 1orana 1asn nenpnxsnenoc1?
As xncx, ne e sa samn1a na xxa.
Kora1o My1annen npes 1936 r. nannca n ,Bnsan1nnnme
Ha1mpn1 cnox o1snn nrpxy pao1n1e na Henon, n ko1o 1o
,okasna, ne Henon ne caxo ne nxxa npano na naynnoc1, no e n
,Querkopf, Henon e kanna1 sa ka1epa1a na B. 3a1apckn,
Hnkon e pyrnx1 kanna1, a My1annen penensen1 nn nemo
nne. Ce nsnsane1o na 1asn penensnx aky1e1nnx1 crne1,
ko1o e npne Henon sa kanna1, o1xnrpn Henon no npe-
or, ne n c1ap, kakrn1o 1o ne eme, kora1o ce npne nerona1a
kanna1ypa. Ho 1osn nannn Hnkon sae ka1epa1a na 3a1apckn,
ako n a ne e nannca nnkakna cnc1exna pao1a nrpxy c1apa1a
nc1opnx na rrapn1e, kox1o ne1eme 3a1apckn n sa kox1o ce
1rpceme kanna1. Kak1o e nsnec1no, o1 peonen npoecop ce
ncka cnc1exna pao1a, a ne nxkox ynennnecka c1a1nka caxo sa
opxa. Honexe xexy nac ce non cnop nrpxy nrnpoca, kon ca
rrapn1e n kox sexx 1e ca nacexnan, as kasax na r-n ekana na
aky1e1a, ne ne xoxe a re npoecop no rrapcka nc1opnx
onsn, ko1o ne snae kon ca rrapn1e. Hnkon oane e rpxa
enn peepa1 nrpxy nanao1o na rrapn1e n ronopn sa nxkak-
nn cn rrapo-xynn n xyno-rrapn n np. Kora1o cyma1en1e
noce xy saan nxkon nrnpocn, 1o ne xoxa a o1ronopn n cr-
omn nrn nec1nnnn1e, ne 1e ne ca ro nn paspan. Kora1o cy-
ma1en1e xy ro noxonn a cn nanena1a peepa1a, 1o ne nan-
pann 1ona, samo1o nxxame kakno a kaxe. O1 koro nse Hnkon 1e-
sa1a: xyno-rrapn n rrapo-xynn? Ko e onsn, ko1o ce pn-
224
___________
* Tutti quanti (n1.) Ha-pasnnnn, ncxkaknn .p.
non, Hpenek, 3a1apckn n np. Vc1anonn, ne rrapn1e ca xynn n
xynn1e rrapn? Tona e Henon, sa koro1o Hnkon cn nosnox-
na a nnme, ne nerona1a nayka ce o1pnnaa nanrno o1 kpn1nka-
1a! Ako cn eme nanena1a peepa1a, meme a ce nnn, ne 1o
nrpmn narna1c1no, koe1o ne xy aname npano a re npoe-
cop. 3a a ce saxacknpa 1ona, Hnkon n My1annen nsxsoxa c no-
conenn1e no-npen nsonananannx, sa a koxnpoxe1npa1 nn-
noc11a na Henon. Kon ca rrapn1e oane, 1e ne okasaxa. Box
noconeno1o o1 Henon, ne ocnona1en1e na rrapcka1a rpxana
ca xynn n ne 1esn xynn ca xnnen n npen Acnapyx nokpa ynan,
ne e nxpno, 1e 1pxname a okaxa1 koe e nxpno1o, sa a ce cpan-
nx1 ne1e 1esn n a ce nnn kox e npannna1a. Tona 1e ne nanpa-
nnxa. Iocnoa1a nporxana1 a ronopx1 sa xyno-rrapn n r-
rapo-xynn, a an1opa o1xnrpx1 n sa a onpanax1 1ona o1xnrpx-
ne, nxec1o a o1ronopx1 na saaenn1e nx nrnpocn, 1e ro ynnxa-
na1 c pasnn nsxncnnn n enn1e1n. Kre no cne1a c1ana noono
nemo? Tyk nnponex nxxaxe pao1a c nxkox cynano nskasana
ona, a c enn oxncen nan, c enn saronop npo1nn enn no-
nek, sa a ce saexe o1 pyr xxc1o1o, sa koe1o 1o npe1ennpa.
Hnkon sae 1ona xxc1o n sa a ro sarpxn, npnnnca na Henon ka-
sann1e onn. O1 1asn rena 1onka 1pxna a ce ocrn exnn-
e1o na Hnkon n My1annen.
Brrapn1e ca xynn, nncano1o o1 3a1apckn e nenpnexnno,
no onsn, ko1o okasa, ne rrapn1e ca xynn n ne nncano1o o1
3a1apckn e nenpnexnno, 1pxna a ce ynnmoxn, sa a xora1
rocnoa1a a ra1 npoecopn. Kakna noyka nsnnna rrapckn-
x1 c1yen1 o1 1osn xopa?
32. Inmnxe sa naykaxa
a) B Iep+anun.
B Iepxannx nxa Mnnnc1epc1no na nayka1a, nrsnn1anne1o n
nskyc1na1a. B 1ona xnnnc1epc1no nxa ocoena npeknnx sa ynn-
nepcn1e1n1e, naneo na kox1o c1on ynen n an1opn1e1en nonek,
ko1o ce rpnxn sa nanperka na nayka1a n e n crc1oxnne a snae
opo n e onona, koe1o ce nrpmn n ynnnepcn1e1n1e, nn ne. Oc-
nen 1ona npn ncekn ynnnepcn1e1 xnnnc1epc1no1o nxa no enn
kypa1op, ko1o prkonon axnnnc1pannx1a n namana nsnr-
nenne1o na napen1e. Tax ncekn c1yen1, ko1o ce nync1na n
crc1oxnne, xoxe a ce nocne1n na akaexnnna kapnepa. Oane
na1ena npoecopcka rxnoc1 ce noynana ce rra pao1a
225
n okasann cnoconoc1n. Bn 1pxnao xnoro a ce pasnpoc1pa,
ako nckax a oxcnx nopono 1ona. Be kaxa caxo, ne na onen-
1n n nsnrnpenn npoecopn ne ce nama nnmo o1 rpxana1a. Te
c1axyna1, 1aka a ce kaxe.
3a a ce nsepa1 na-aponn1n1e xopa sa npoecopn, nona
Iepxannx nsxenn pea sa xann1annx1a. Onsn, ko1o ncka a ce
xann1npa sa onen1, 1pxna nrpno a c1ane ok1op xan; 1o-
sn ok1opa1 ce noynana ne ronnn ce onknonennx ok1opa1,
ako kanna1r1 npec1ann no-oc1oen 1py no xa1epnx1a, kox1o
me ne1e, n nsrpxn nsncknamnx ce nsnn1. 3a a ne ce nsnrpmna
npo1eknnx, kanna1r1 ne xoxe a ce nsnn1na n ynnnepcn1e1a, n
ko1o 1o e cena, nn npn npoecopn, npn kon1o e cyma
eknnn, a ce npama o1 xnnnc1epc1no1o n nxko pyr ynnnepcn-
1e1, ko1o 1o noconn, n 1o n nanenepne1o na nsnn1a. Tr c1ana-
n1e ok1op-xan nxxa1 ome npano a ce xann1npa1 ka1o o-
nen1n. O1 1xx xnnnc1epc1no1o nsnpa na-cnoconn1e n na 1xx
nosnoxna a ce xann1npa1 n nxko ynnnepcn1e1. Tosn onen1
1pxna o1nono a pao1n nn o1nono a ce xnn na konkypc, ako
ncka a c1ane nsnrnpeen n peonen npoecop, samo1o ka1o ne-
ro nxa xnosnna, kon1o 1o 1pxna a konkypnpa, sa a noynn
na1nxo xxc1o nn ka1epa. Hpn ncnnkn nonnmennx ce rea ne
na nrspac11a, ne na cyxa1a, a nskmnn1eno na cnoconoc11a.
Tr nanpnxep apxn1ek1r1, ko1o noc1pon nonnx epnnckn c1a-
nyx, e na 27 ronnn, kora1o nsnrpmn 1ona nemo. C 1asn cn pa-
o1a 1o ce o1nnn n ckopo ce 1ona e nasnanen sa npoecop
n sa npek1op na Hnc1n1y1a sa npeyc1poc1no1o na Bepnn,
rxnoc1, kox1o c1on xnoro no-nncoko, o1koko1o onasn na pe-
onen npoecop. Tr c1ana no ncnnkn konone na nayka1a.
Kora1o ce ocnoon nxkox ka1epa n Bepnn, xnnnc1epc1no-
1o 1rpcn ko a x saexe nsxexy ncnnkn repxanckn ynenn no 1a-
sn cnennanoc1, ocoeno xexy peonnn1e npoecopn na ncnnkn
repxanckn ynnnepcn1e1n, nkmnn1eno n 1esn na Anc1pnx n nex-
cka Bnenapnx, n ro kann sa npoecop n Bepnn axe n 1orana,
kora1o 1o e n xako nanpenaa nrspac1. 3a a ce crracn 1a-
krn ynen a cn nanycne xxc1o1o n a oe n Bepnn, xnnnc1ep-
c1no1o xy ana ocnen no-roxxa1a epnncka sana1a, ome n o-
nrnn1eno nrsnarpaxenne, koe1o n nxkon cynan e oc1nrao
o 30 000 xapkn* ronmno. Tona e caxo sa onknonenn1e ynenn,
a sa ynenn, kon1o ca ce o1nnnn ocoeno c paspemanane1o na nx-
kon 1pynn npoexn n np., nemna Iepxannx npennxa ncxka
226
___________
* Ionopn ce sa nepnoa xexy Hrpna1a n B1opa1a cne1onna nona .p.
ronna ne1npn npexnn o1 no c1o xnxn xapkn, kon1o ce pasa-
na1 na 1aknna xopa.
Bene caxo o1 1esn npnxepn ce nnxa kaknn xep1nn npann
rpxana1a sa nonoxarane na nayka1a. Makap ne nc1opnx1a na
repxannn1e e paspao1ena, kak1o na nnko pyr napo, nona Iep-
xannx crsae enn nnc1n1y1, n ko1o ce paspao1na caxo rep-
xancka1a nc1opnx. Ocrxa ce axe nrnpocr1 a ce o1en nsc-
eona1ex1, nn nonekr1 na nayka1a, o1 npoecopa nn ynn1ex
nrn nncme1o ynnnme, samo1o ne ncekn ynn1e n ynnnepcn1e1a e
nsceona1e. Honexe na1eno npoecopcko xxc1o nn peon-
na1a npoecypa ce noynana n xnoro cynan xnoro krcno, na pe-
onnn1e npoecopn ce nama sana1a o kpax na xnno1a nx, 1.e.
axe n ce ka1o 1e ca ocnooenn o1 npenoanane1o. Ho 1osn
nannn Iepxannx ce e nsnrnaa o onona ky1ypno pannnme, na
koe1o 1x nnnarn e c1oxa n c1on.
6) B Bz:eapun.
B Brrapnx nxxa rpxanen nnc1n1y1, ko1o a ce rpnxn sa
nayka1a. Tona e pao1a na-nene na Mnnnc1epc1no1o na npocne-
1a1a, oane 1o, sa a nxxa npoexn, e npeoc1anno 1asn pao-
1a na ynnnepcn1e1a; coxno e snann nrka a nasn c1ao1o. Ho
neka rex kpa1kn.
Kak ce nsnpa n Brrapnx npoecopcknx1 nepcona?
B Brrapnx ne c1ana nsop nn noop, samo1o nxxa no-
ro1nenn kanna1n sa 1ona. B pyrn1e c1pann Mnnnc1epc1no1o
na nayka1a ce rpnxn sa npnpac1a na ynnnepcn1e1cknx npenoana-
1eckn nepcona. Horo1nx1 ce onen1n n nsnrnpenn npoeco-
pn, n 1o n roxxo konnec1no, 1a ka1o ce ocnoon nxkox ka1e-
pa, a xoxe a ce npann nsop xexy xnosnna, nec1o xexy c1o-
1nna kanna1n, o1 kon1o ce nsnpa na-oc1onnx1. B Brrapnx
1asn kaca xopa ne crmec1nyna; xnnnc1epc1no1o ne x e crsao,
samo1o nero, kak1o kasaxxe, nayka1a ne ro nn1epecyna. Mnnaa-
1a ecen ne1oxxe nrn nec1nnnn1e, ne pek1opr1 na ynnnepcn1e1a
noxon xnnnc1rpa na npocne1a1a n 1o yone1nopn xoa-
1a xy a ce nporxn cpokr1 sa nencnonnpane1o na nxkon npo-
ecopn, samo1o nxxa noro1nenn xopa a rn saxec1x1. Ko e nn-
nonen sa 1ona, nnko ne nonn1a n nnko ne kasa, ne 1pxna a ce
o1c1pann 1asn anoxanx.
3amo nxxa kanna1n?
3amo1o nnko ne rn e crsa. 3amo1o nnko xa rrapnn,
ko1o ne ce nosna c nnnn1e cnxna1nn na npoecopa, c nnx1o
227
cnennanoc1 ncka a ce sannxana, ne ce ocxexna a ce nocne1n
na akaexnnna kapnepa, nonexe ne caxo ne 1o nxxa a re o-
nycna1 n ynnnepcn1e1a, no me re npecenan n nsnrn ynnnep-
cn1e1a. Brrapcknx1 npoecop cn nsnpa nxkoro o1 cnon1e c1y-
en1n, ko1o norpxa nerono1o c1anonnme, n ro npann onen1
n npoecop, ako n xanx1 nonek ome a ne ce e oopxn ka1o
nonek na nayka1a. Beme n nanpnxep Maenon a re npeno-
prnan o1 Mne1nn sa npoecop, ako Maenon e xy kasa 1ora-
na, ne ronopn ,nenepnoc1n n neoc1poyxnn nsxncnnn? He! Be-
me n 3a1apckn a npenoprna My1annen sa onen1 n npoe-
cop, ako My1annen e kasa, ne onona, koe1o 3a1apckn nnme, e
nenpnexnno? He! 3a1apckn e pasnpanx axe sa My1annen, ne
kora1o 1o yxpe, My1annen me nporxn nerono1o eo. 3a 1o-
na 1o ro nanpann npoecop, a ne sa neronn1e snannx.
B Iepxannx ne e 1aka. Tax axe o1 kanna1a sa ok1op xa-
n ce nsnckna a kaxe cnoe1o nepym, 1.e. a kaxe kak rea 1o
na ncnnnnna1a, kox1o ncka a ynn. Tosn xa nonek xoxe es
c1pax a nsese c nrsren, kon1o npo1nnopena1 na nrsren1e
na peonnnx npoecop no 1asn ncnnnnna, samo1o nerona1a
cra ne sanncn o1 npoecopa. Herona1a cyxa sanncn o1 nero-
nn1e nprc1nnnn n konkypen1n: an nxko pyr onen1 nn ns-
nrnpeen npoecop nxxa a nsese c no-opa opxynponka na
nerona1a 1esa, nn nrk a okaxe necrc1ox1enoc11a na neronn-
1e nrsren. Tr 1o ce oopxx ka1o nonek na nayka1a n ce 1o-
na noynana ka1epa. Hpenenka1a na neronn1e cnoconoc1n ne
sanncn o1 npoecopa, ko1o e nanycna ka1epa1a, samo1o 1o c
1ona e nsryn cnox1a nac1, a o1 omo1o xnenne sa nero n nayn-
nnx cnx1. Tona yc1anonxna n npenenxna Mnnnc1epc1no1o na nay-
ka1a npes cnon1e cneymn nna.
Tonno opa1no, n Brrapnx na peonnnx npoecop e npeoc-
1aneno npano1o a nsnpa cnox saxec1nnk. O1 1osn saxec1nnk ce
ncka a e nannca nxkox c1a1nka, n kox1o oane c1apn1e xnennx
nn xnenne1o na npoecopa, ko1o ro nsnpa, a ne ce oopna1.
Crmnx1 xa nonek nocn 1n1a1a onen1, a ncrmnoc1 1o e pe-
onn npoecop, samo1o noynana sana1a, panna na sana1a1a na
npek1op na rnxnasnx, n e necxenxex. Ce nsnec1no npexe 1o
noynana 1n1a1a nsnrnpeen npoecop, a kora1o neronnx1 nok-
ponn1e nanycne xxc1o1o cn, 1o saexa 1ona xxc1o. B pyrn1e
c1pann o1 kanna1a sa akaexnnna rxnoc1 ce ncka a noka-
xe kakno nono nnacx n nayka1a, a 1yk o1 kanna1a ce ncka a no-
kaxe, ne nxxa xnenne n ne nxxa a nsnacx ak1n, o1 kon1o a ce
228
nnxa, ne oceramnn1e xnennx na neronnx ynn1e ca nenpnexn-
nn. Brrapcka1a cnc1exa e nnponex npo1nn naynnnx nporpec. Tx
ne nokponn1ec1na nayka1a, a nnnoc11a.
33. Kak cxana nso+x?
Mnnnc1epc1no1o na napona1a npocne1a kasna, ne 1o ne pas-
npa o1 nayka n e npeoc1anno 1asn pao1a na ynnnepcn1e1a.
Akaexnnnnx1 crne1, nncma1a ynpana na ynnnepcn1e1a, kasna, ne
1o ne e n crc1oxnne a kaxe, ko e roen a npenoana nanpn-
xep rrapcka nc1opnx, samo1o neronn1e nenone ca npec1ann-
1en na pasnn cnennanoc1n: xnxnnn, nsnnn, xennn, sexee-
nn n np., kon1o nxxa1 nonx1ne o1 nc1opnx. To npeoc1anx 1asn
pao1a na nc1opnko-noornnecknx aky1e1, no n 1yk c1ana
crmo1o. Tosn aky1e1 o1ronapx, ne neronnx1 crne1 ce crc1on o1
nearosn, noosn, nocon, n1epa1opn n np., kon1o ne ca
koxne1en1nn no nc1opnx. Hopan 1ona 1o o1npanx nrnpoca cn
o nc1opnnn1e, no n 1yk nnxaxe crmo1o, samo1o n nc1opnnn1e
ce ex1 na pasnn konone. Enn nc1opnk, ko1o npeana anr-
ncka nn pencka, nn n1anancka, nn repxancka, nn c1a-
porprnka n np. nc1opnx, kasna, ne ne e n crc1oxnne a kaxe kon
ca rrapn1e.
Ko 1orana e koxne1en1nnx1 sa 1ona?
Hpoecopr1 no rrapcka nc1opnx.
Ho 1akrn nannn ce noc1anx sa apn1rp onsn, nnn1o ea ca
nooxenn na kpn1nka. To npenoprnna onorona, ko1o me nrp-
nn no neronn1e nr1nma. Box 1ona e 1r, 1pxna 1osn ennnx1 a
ce cnn1a o1ronopen sa nanpanennx nsop. Tona ne c1ana. aky-
1e1nnx1 crne1, nnn1o nenone c nskmnenne na enn, kasnaxa o-
cera, ne ne ca koxne1en1nn, nsnpa1 c 1ano racynane npenopr-
nannx o1 ennnx kanna1. 3amo 1ano? 3a a xoxe ncekn a o1-
xnrpn o1ronopnoc11a o1 cee cn. Kakno nsnpaxa 1esn rocnoa,
ako 1e ncnnkn, c nskmnenne na enn, ne ca koxne1en1nn? Te ns-
npaxa nnponex sa npoecop nne ne sapan neronn1e naynnn
cnoconoc1n, samo1o 1e caxn kasna1, ne ne ca koxne1en1nn, a no
nnnn n nap1nnn cropaxennx. nec as me noxorna na Hnan a
npokapa cnox kanna1, y1pe 1o me noxorne na xene a npoka-
pax xox n 1.n.
As kasax na r-n ekana na aky1e1a, ne ne xoxe a ce nse-
pe sa npoecop nne, koe1o ne snae kon ca rrapn1e, npen 1o
a e oopno 1ona onnnenne. H sa a ra no-kpa1rk, as kasax,
229
ne Hnkon 1n1yyna Bopnc xan. a okaxe ko c1ap an1op e 1n1y-
yna Bopnc 1aka.
e Boop, enn o1 na-roexn1e nnsan1oosn, ko1o e nsa
Teoan n e nscena 1osn nrnpoc, kasna, ne nnkora rrapckn1e
rpxannn rann ne ca 1n1yynann xanone. I-n Hnkon 1n1yyna
Bopnc ,xan. a okaxe nc1opnneckn ak1 n e 1ona, nn e nero-
na nsxncnna. He xoxe n a okaxe 1ona, 1o ne xoxe a re
npoecop no rrapcka nc1opnx, samo1o nnane n nsxso, ne
ncekn nse1 o1 ynna1a nonek, xoxe a re npoecop. B ky1yp-
nn1e c1pann ne caxo npoecopn1e, no n ok1op ne xoxe a c1a-
ne nonek, ako 1o ne xoxe a samn1n cnox1a 1esa. Ho kakrn nens
1orana ce nsnpa1 rrapckn1e npoecopn? He no naynen, samo-
1o na aky1e1a e espasnnno an kanna1r1 snae, nn ne
snae onona, sa koe1o ce nsnpa a npenoana.
B pyrn1e c1pann, kak1o cnoxenaxxe, c1ana xnorokpa1no
npecxnane, oka1o ce o1epa1 nnc1n1e srpna sa na-nncoko1o
xxc1o. onen1r1 ce opn c pyrn1e onen1n o1 cnox1a cnenna-
noc1, nsnrnpennx1 npoecop c pyrn1e npoecopn, n nak ko-
ra1o ce oopxn ka1o nooxn1een ynen, kora1o sakpenn nepym-
1o, koe1o nsnonxna, 1o ce nonnkna na na1eno xxc1o. Tax ce
rea na nayka1a, a n Brrapnx ce rea na nnnoc11a. Hopan
1ona 1yk ce nasnanana1 npoecopn axe n 1orana, kora1o ce nnx-
a, ne kanna1r1 ne pasnpa ncnnnnna1a, c ne1ene1o na kox-
1o 1o ce na1onapna. Henoro1nenn xopa ce npanx1 necxenxexn.
Te nsnosna1 cera cnox1a necxenxexoc1, sa a ce naxnrpx1 e-
soreno nrpxy nceknro, ko1o nsnacx ak1n, o1 kon1o ce nnxa,
ne oceramnn1e xnennx ca necrc1ox1enn.
34. Haynen n uoaen erec
Bcec1nne na 1ona C1. Maenon nanpnxep, kora1o c1ana
onen1, snaeme, ne rrapn1e nn 1ypko-1a1apn, kon1o omn
o1krx Bora, oane ce ka1o onen1c1na nonene o1 20 ronnn,
1o paspa, ne neronnx1 ynn1e Mne1nn, ko1o ro nanpann npo-
ecop, n pasnpanx ,nenepnoc1n n neoc1poyxnn nsxncnnn,
1.e. ne ro e n nrne npannno n nayka1a. 3a Bnmxanon, pyrnx
neron ynn1e, 1o kasa, ne ne n npan, ka1o 1nrpx, ne nxe1o
rrapnn snaneo ,xrx o1 Bora, samo1o yxa1a rrapnn os-
nananaa yaxan. Ce 1ona 1o oe o yexenne1o, ne
nen1n1e1r1 na rrapn1e n xynn1e, koe1o 1o no-npen ocnop-
name, nec ne xoxe a ce ocnopna (cn. ,Kpona1ona Brrapnx n.
230
r. I). O1 1ona nsnsa, ne 1o nen 20 ronnn e npenoana nenep-
nn pao1n na cnon1e c1yen1n. A cera oopxn n ce 1o ka1o no-
nek na nayka1a? He! 3amo1o 1o nnmo ne crsae cax, a nse xne-
nne1o na Toxamek, ne rrapnn snanno yaxan (?!), n 1esa1a
na Henon, ne xynn n rrapn ca eno n crmo nemo. B. 3a1apckn
ykopn crmo 1aka Henon, samo1o 1o kasa, ne y rrapn1e npo-
rxana nc1opnx1a na ro1n, xynn n aapn, samo1o cnope 3a-
1apckn nxxao nnkakna nprska xexy xynn n rrapn. Hoce
3a1apckn nrsnpne nrsrea na Henon n kasa, ne rrapcka1a
rpxana e ocnonana o1 xynn nn xynorynypn, kon1o nec ce kas-
na1 rrapn, nn ne nc1opnx1a na xynn1e nporxana n nc1opn-
x1a na rrapn1e, kak1o e kasa Henon. To snann o1nanao e
npenoana nenepnn pao1n na cnon1e c1yen1n. Oopxn n ce
1o noce ka1o nonek na nayka1a? He! 3amo1o 1o ome ne xoxa
a pasepe, ne ako nc1opnx1a na xynn1e nporxana n onasn na
rrapn1e ,cena, ne nc1opnx1a na xynn1e 1pxna a ce pasrex-
a ka1o rrapcka nc1opnx, koe1o 1o ne npaneme. H. My1ann-
en ce rpxeme xpapo sa ,nayka1a na cnox ynn1e 3a1apckn. H
ena xnnaa1a ronna 1o nsese n kasa, ne nncano1o o1 3a1ap-
ckn e nenpnexnno, o1 koe1o ce pasnpa, ne 1o e ncaxa oce-
ra nenpnexnnn pao1n n ymn1e na cnon1e cyma1en. Oopxn
n ce 1o cera ka1o nonek na nayka1a? He! 3amo1o nrpno1o yco-
nne sa nonek na nayka1a e a e homo bonus, 1.e. nonek, ko1o a
onna n a ronopn nc1nna1a. O1 noconenn1e o1 nac neronn ns-
nrp1annx ce nnxa, ne 1o ne e homo bonus, ne e nonek, ko1o
1rpcn nc1nna1a, a e nonek, ko1o nsonanana nc1nna1a, sa a se-
noc1ann xopa1a. H homo doctus (nonek crc snannx) ne e, samo1o
1o napnna Kpyx xan, es a xoxe a okaxe 1ona.
Koe nemo nakapa Maenon a npnsnae, ne nen1n1e1r1 na
xynn1e n rrapn1e ne xoxe a ce ocnopna cera? Pao1a1a na He-
non. Koe nemo nakapa B. 3a1apckn a npnsnae, ne ocnona1en1e
na rrapcka1a rpxana ca nn xynn n ne nc1opnx1a na 1esn xy-
nn nporxana n nc1opnx1a na rrapn1e? Pao1a1a na Henon.
Kora c1nrna My1annen o crsnanne1o, ne nncano1o o1 3a-
1apckn e nenpnexnno? Kora1o ce kanna1npame sa npoecop
n, nn kora1o npone1e pao1n1e na Henon? Ko pyr, ocnen He-
non, e okasa, ne 1ona, koe1o 3a1apckn nnme, e nenpnexnno?
3amo My1annen ns1rkna 1asn nenpnexnnoc1, npen a ce kan-
na1npa sa npoecop? He nsnsa n o1 ncnnko 1ona, ne Mae-
non, 3a1apckn n My1annen ca nsoc1annn cnon1e npenmnn
cxnamannx n ca ce npncrennnn krx onesn na Henon? 3amo 1o-
231
rana My1annen kasa, ne nncannx1a na Henon ce o1pnna1 o1 ncnn-
kn, ka1o npn 1ona npnnnca na Henon pasnn enn1e1n?
Kakno snann 1ona: a nsexem npnnnnna na nxko an1op, a
ro npnnnmem na cee cn, a an1opa a senoc1annm? Tona snann
a narna1c1nam. Harna1c1no1o oane ce nakasna o1 sakonn1e.
To snann naynen n xopaen perpec.
35. Haynen n e cno+x?
Kak1o nnnarn, 1aka n n knnra1a cn ,Kpona1ona Brrapnx n
nokprc1nane1o na rrapn1e Henon kasa: ,Cnop ce non 1yk sa
nrnpoca: on1anan n ca rrapn1e Tpaknx n Hnpnx npen
Acnapyx, nn ne?. Ha 1osn nrnpoc ne ce o1ronopn. Ome Bacn
3a1apckn nsxrna o1ronopa xy n ce sannxa c pyrn nrnpocn, n
1o ne sa a yc1anonn ena nc1nna, a a xapak1epnsnpa Henon, sa
koe1o ne ce nn1a. Maenon ,okasa, ne Henon e monnnnc1 n
ne nxxa npano na naynnoc1, samo1o cnn1a rrapn1e sa xynn.
My1annen ,okasa, ne Henon e ,Querkopf, samo1o npane o1
Kynpa1 Kpona1, samo1o kasna, ne 1ypnn1e ca ronopen canxn-
ckn n np., a o1nocno ak1a, ne Mnsnx ce e napnnaa ome npes
IV n. Brrapnx, nn ne rrapn1e ca xnnen npen Acnapyx n
Tpaknx n Hnpnx, nrpxy koe1o ce cnopn, n 1o ne kasa nnmo.
Haynen cnop n e 1ona? B nayka1a ce cnopn caxo nrpxy ac1-
pak1nn1e npoexn, a ne n nrpxy onesn, kon1o nonnna1 na no-
oxn1enn ak1n. naxa ymn xora1 a cnopx1 an xoxe a
ce noc1pon xamnna, kox1o a e1n nrn nrsyxa. Oane noc1pon
n nxko 1asn xamnna n e1n n nrn nrsyxa c nex, cnopr1 ce
npekpa1xna, samo1o ak1r1 okasna, ne xoxe a ce e1n c xa-
mnna nrn nrsyxa.
Tr e n c nac. Moxe n a c1ana yxa sa cnop, ce ka1o one-
sn, kon1o cnopx1 c Henon, npnsnaxa npnnnnna na Henon, ne r-
rapn1e ca xynn n ne onona, koe1o e nnca 3a1apckn, e nenpnex-
nno? 3a kakno cnopx1 cera rocnoa npoecopn1e?
Brn noconx1a, n non1nka1a n np. Hec1o cnopx1 pasnn
xnennx noxexy cn, oane ncxka c1pana oocnonana cnoe1o ne-
pym n kasna: as, nrs ocnona na 1esn n 1esn annn, crx na 1ona
xnenne. pyra1a npann crmo1o. Hpo1nnnnnn1e na Henon ne npa-
nx1 1aka. Te ne kasna1 kakno e 1xxno1o nepym n samo cnopx1.
Texnnx1 cnop ne e naynen, a nnen: a ce nmn Henon o1 o-
arn1e, kon1o xy ce naa1 ncec1nne na neronn1e sacyrn. Ho-
nexe 1esn rocnoa ne okasna1 n ne nsara1 cnc1exno kaknn ca
232
rrapn1e, mox ne ca 1aknna, kaknn1o rn onncna Henon, me cn
nosnonx 1yk a opxynpaxe nxkoko nrnpoca:
1. Hpnsnana n ce, ne xynn n rrapn ca nn ne o1enn
nexena, n samo ne?
2. Hpnsnana n ce, ne xynn1e ca ocnonan xoepna1a rrap-
cka rpxana, ka1o ce crennnxa c rrapn1e, n samo ne?
3. Hpnsnana n ce, ne rrapn1e ca nacexnan no nxe1o
rrapn npen Acnapyx Tpaknx n Hnpnx; ne Mnsnx ome n IV n.
Ce e kasnaa Brrapnx; ne Acnapyx e n ne1n rrapckn knxs
nokpa ynan, n samo ne?
4. Hpnsnana n ce, ne Teoan, ns1onnnkr1 sa ocnonanane1o na
rrapcka1a rpxana, nnme, ne C1apa Brrapnx ce e naxnpaa
o ena peka nn o eno xope nrn nn na peka, koe1o e 1eko na
kpax na Hepno xope, 1.e. n Tpaknx?
5. Hpnsnana n ce, ne Kynep nn Kynpa1, ko1o e o1pacna
n napnrpacknx nop n e nsrk npnx1e na nxnepa1op Xepak-
n, ce ka1o nsronn aapn1e o1 Tpaknx n Hnpnx, ce nrpna n
sanse xakeonckn1e n 1paknckn1e rpaone?
6. Hpnsnana n ce, ne ropno1o ce non1apx n o1 apxnennckon
Teonak1, ko1o nnme, ne ce ka1o oxpn1e nn aapn1e na-
nycnan Tnepnono nn Makeonnx, omn rrapn1e o1nr
ynan n sansen nxa Hnpnx n Makeonnx o Coyn, kak1o n
Tpaknx o Honnn, 1.e., ne ocnoon1eno1o nnxenne na r-
rapn1e sanonna o1 sana krx ns1ok, a ne o1 ns1ok krx sana?
7. Teoan nnme, ne kora1o ce cxrp11a na Kpona1 cnnone-
1e xy ce pasenn (n c 1ona ca o1cann rrapckn1e cnn),
Konc1an1nn Horona1 sanonxa na apxnx1a cn a naxye n Tpa-
knx, o1 koe1o ce nnxa, ne Tpaknx ne e cnaaa 1orana no nnsan-
1ncka nac1, samo1o nex n Makeonnx e ocnoon Kynep nn
Kpona1. Brrapn1e pasnn apxnx1a na Horona1 n ckmnnn
xnpen oronop c nero, no Horona1 yxpx nackopo. Box cnnr1
xy Kc1nnnan II c1ana nxnepa1op, 1o nenara oxnn nona na
Ckannnnx n Brrapnx n c1nrna o Coyn, no rrapn1e pasn-
pn nnsan1nnn1e, kon1o nsxran 1orana n Asnx. Kc1nnnan II ne
xoxa nnponex a npensexe Tpaknx n Makeonnx; 1e cn oc1anaxa
rrapckn. Hpnsnana n ce ncec1nne na 1ona, ne Tpaknx n Ma-
keonnx ca nn rrapckn no npexe1o na Acnapyx n ako ce
npnsnana, samo ce kasna, ne Brrapnx ce e naxnpaa no onona
npexe caxo xexy ynan n Bakana?
8. 3nax1 n rocnoa1a Hnkon n My1annen, e kora1o Hpenek,
3a1apckn n p. Hskasaxa cnon1e xnennx, ne Acnapyx n ocno-
233
na nxkakna rpxana xexy ynan n Bakana, 1e ne snaexa, ne
rrapn n xynn ca nn ne o1enn nexena n ne xynn1e, a ne
rrapn1e, ocnonaxa rrapcka1a rpxana; ne Mnsnx ce e kasna-
a Brrapnx ome npes IV n. n np.?
9. C xpnc1nxnc1no1o na xn1en1e n Mnsnx n, nn c onona na
xn1en1e n Makeonnx n oc1anaa Hnpnx ce e sannxana Ha-
pnrpacknx1 crop n 869f870 r.? Kakno kasa 1osn crop: ne r-
rapn1e ca nokprc1enn o1 rrpnn1e n, nn ne 1e ca c1apn xpnc1n-
xnn?
10. Honexe ce npnsnana, ne nc1opnx1a na xynn1e nporxa-
na n onasn na rrapn1e, samo xyncka1a nc1opnx ne ce pasrex-
a n rrapcka1a nc1opnx?
Tr ka1o 1esn annn ne ce ocnopna1, 1e ce npnsnana1. 3amo
1orana ce nnme, ne Henona1a pao1a ce o1xnrpx o1 ncnnkn? Ko
o1xnrpx ropnn1e 1esn?
IHABA IV
CHHCAHHETO ,HPOCBETA
36. Oekxnnnocxxa na ,knxnkaxa n cn. ,Hocnexa
Hsoxeno1o o1yk eme nanncano n kopnrnpano, kora1o nn-
xx n kn. 7, xap1 1938 r., na peak1npano1o o1 npo. H. My1a-
nnen cnncanne ,Hpocne1a ena ,kpn1nka na xox 1py ,Kpona-
1ona Brrapnx n nokprc1nane1o na rrapn1e, n kox1o ce non-
1apx1 crmn1e onn, caxo ne n xnoro no-esckpynyna opxa.
Tax xexy pyro1o na c1p. 889, ce kasna:
,Tyk-1ax Henon (ko1o e nannca ,rannn1e cn 1pyone na
nexckn) cromana, ne nxe1o xy no nosna1o n n nyxnna. To
ne ce npn1ecnxna a kaxe: ,Moe1o nxe eme nnponex c1nrnao
nak o Bnena, nn nrk, ne ,nxe1o na Henon no nsnec1no n H1a-
nx n Iepxannx. nrn pannnx n n pyrn c1pann.
3nann Henon ne e n onapona nxkoko 1oxa na nexckn!
B Iepxannx ne ce snae sa pao1n1e na Henon! Herono1o nxe ro
nxxa n repxanckn axanacn sa naynnn1e pao1nnnn! B Anc1pnx
ne ce snae nnmo sa Henon! Hpenek, Zrnn n pyrn ne ce sannxana-
xa c Henon! Hpenek ne npne npnnnnna na Henon, ne xynn1e ca
rrapn! To npne ,npnnnnnn1e na Bnmxanon, 3a1apckn,
234
Maenon, My1annen, Hnkon n pyrn rrapckn ,nennnnn! B
H1anx n pannnx nxe1o na Henon no nensnec1no! A na c1p.
882 ce nnme, ne Henon ena nanocerk (sic!) n, nporymn
rrapcko1o omec1no crc cnon1e 1eopnn. 3nann o xnnaa1a
ronna rrapcko1o omec1no ne e no cymao nnmo sa ,1eo-
pnn1e na Henon! He1e nonek 1ona nnnnnno o1pnnane na nc1nna-
1a n ce nyn, ne 1o ce npann o1 npoecopn. Bcnnkn 1esn nnnnsxn
nokasna1 caxo kakrn e xopar1 na onesn, kon1o ca noc1anenn a
nrsnn1ana1 rrapcka1a xaex, no 1e ne paspemana1 npoe-
xn1e, sa kon1o ce cnopn. Honexe rrapcko1o omec1no ce nn-
1epecyna a snae kon ca rrapn1e n kox sexx 1e ca nacexnan,
neka no-nanpe a nnnx
37. Kakno ca sa+kan B. 3axackn n H. Myxaqnnen
B cnox1a onenka na pao1n1e na Henon B. 3a1apckn o1xnrp-
n naynnoc11a na 1esn pao1n, samo1o Henon 1nrpx, ne nc1opn-
x1a na xynn1e nporxana n onasn na rrapn1e. Oane n cnox1a
,Hc1opnx I, c1p. 123, 1o npne 1osn npnnnnn na Henon n kasa, ne
Acnapyx omr o1 ns1ok n Mnsnx naneo na ynorynypn nn xynn.
Ocnona1en1e na rrapcka1a rpxana ne ca nn nnponex r-
rapn, a xynn nn xynorynypn, nnx1o nc1opnx ce kasna rrapcka
nc1opnx. Kora1o nonek 1prrne no nonn nesnann ocera o1 nero
nr1nma, 1o onknoneno ce sarpkna, nrk sarpkna n onesn, kon-
1o non. Tr e n crc 3a1apckn n nerono1o nokoenne. Tr nanpn-
xep na c1p. 33 o1 cnox1a Hc1opnx 1o nnme, ne cnope Mapknap1
no xynyrypn 1pxna a ce pasnpa1 Hpokonnenn1e y1nrypn. A na
c1p. 89: ,Kypa1, kak1o nnxxxe, ce npec1anx o1 nsnopn1e n ka1o
,rocnoap na yrorynypn1e., kon1o npec1anxna1 o1eno ne-
xe nn opa o1 rpyna1a yprape, kon1o cnope nceno-3axapn ca
xnnen n cpea1a na VI n. na cenep o1 Kankas ., npec1ann1e na
kon1o 1orana nn y1nrypn1e, nexe, nsryno nac11a cn npn no-
kopxnane1o xy o1 1ypnn1e (nnx nac1 II, r. I, ,Typnn1e ca canx-
nn!). Ocnen 1ona caxo1o nooxenne, ne ynorynypn1e ca crmn1e
onorypn (Hpnckn Ara1n), ynyrypn (Teonak1 Cnxoka1a), ynory-
pn (nceno-3axapn) n xynyrypn (Hopan)., nn noconna, ne 1exnn-
1e cenma me 1pxna a 1rpcnx no cenepnn1e ckonone na cpe-
nnx Kankas. Crmo1o cena n My1annen.
O1 npnneeno1o ce nnxa, ne y1nrypn, ynorypn, ynyrypn,
ynorynypn ca eno n crmo nemo n ne ynorynypn1e npec1an-
xna1 o1eno nexe o1 rpyna1a yprape, 1.e., ne ynorynypn n
235
rrapn ca nn nrpnonanano ne o1enn nexena, kak1o ynn
Henon. O1 npnneeno1o ce pasnpa ome, ne y1nrypn1e nn yno-
rynypn1e ne ca nn ,1ypnn. Crmo1o e nspasn 3a1apckn na
c1p. 83f84. Tax 1o kasna: ,3a a sanasn n sa n reme cnon1e
naennx no cenepnn1e perone na Hepno xope, nnsan1ncko1o
npann1ec1no ne xako e cnoxornao sa ocnooxanane1o na
rrapn1e o1 1ypcka nac1 n sa nrsc1anonxnane1o na rrapc-
ka1a rpxana n oac11a na Asoncko xope n peka Kyan, koe-
1o e c1anao n 580 r.
Brrapn1e snann ne ca 1ypnn. H o 1ona sakmnenne 3a1ap-
ckn oe ce pao1n1e na Henon. Hpen 1ona nnko ne eme
no-roxx npnnrpxennk na 1ypnnsxa na rrapn1e o1 B. 3a1ap-
ckn. To ,yc1anonn, ne rrapn1e nxan 1ypcko e1opoene;
1o ae na rrapckn1e knxse 1ypcka1a 1n1a ,xan, kox1o nero-
no1o nokoenne, sa a nokaxe, ne e yneno, c ropoc1 non1apx.
a kasnam, ne rrapn1e ne ca 1ypnn n n crmo1o npexe a
1n1yynam rrapckn1e knxse no 1ypckn c ,xan, snann, ne cn sa-
rpka nr1nma1a n ne snaem kakno npnkasnam, no neka nnnx,
38. Kakno kasnax n+xy xona cxanxe anxon,
nnn1o nxena ce cnoxenana1 espasopno. Hpokonn (IV, 4, 9)
nnme:
,Knxepnn1e ce kasnaxa n c1apo npexe y1nrypn, na cenep o1
kon1o xnnee esponnx1 napo an1n1e.
Honexe xnneexa na cenep o1 ynan no pera na Hepno xope,
xexy nenrp n nec1rp, cena, ne xnneemn1e mxno o1 an1n-
1e y1nrypn, ca xnnen nokpa ynan n mxno o1 ynan, a ne na
cenep o1 cpennx Kankas. Tona eno.
B1opo. Honexe y1nrypn, xynyrypn, xynorynypn n rrapn ca
eno n crmo nemo, neka nnnx kre noc1anx Hopan cenma1a
na 1esn napon. Ka1o nspoxna nexena1a, kon1o ca nacexnan
Ckn1nx, kox1o cnope nero ce e npoc1npaa na sana o nsnopn-
1e na ynan, 1o nnme (Cetica V, 35-40):
,Ckanenn1e on1anaxa sexx1a o1 Mypsnancko1o esepo (na
ono1o 1enenne na peka pana) o nec1rp, a an1n1e xnneexa n
sanox na Hepno xope xexy nec1rp n nenrp. Brrapn1e xn-
neexa mxno o1 akannpn1e, kon1o xnneexa no Kapna1n1e, no pe-
ra na Hepno xope.
Box cenepnn1e perone na ynan n Hepno xope ca nn sa-
e1n o1 ckanenn1e n an1n1e, no ko nepnoxopckn pxr ca xnnen
236
rrapn1e? Te xnneexa nokpa nepnoxopcknx pxr mxno o1 y-
nan, samo1o 1osn pxr exn na mx o1 Kapna1n1e, kre1o xnnee-
xa akannpn1e, 1.e., kre1o cnope Hpokonn xnneexa y1nrypn1e,
a ne na cenep o1 cpennx Kankas. Tona Hopanono nooxenne na
rrapn1e e ns1rkna1o n o1 Panencknx kosxorpa (IV, 6), ko1o
nnme, ne, kak1o xy pasnpanx Hopan, n Tpaknx nn Makeonnx
n ona Mnsnx xnnex1 caxo rrapn. Brrapn1e cnope Hopan
xnneexa nnponex mxno o1 ckanenn1e n an1n1e, nn mxno o1
ynan, n Mnsnx, Tpaknx n Makeonnx. H ako onesn, kon1o ocno-
naxa rrapcka1a rpxana, ooxa o1nr ynan, o1 sexx1a na
an1n1e n ckanenn1e, ko npn koro oe? Brrapn npn canxnn
n, nn canxnn npn rrapn? Onennno canxnn npn rrapn,
kak1o n no-npen nsoxnxxe. H ako 3a1apckn n neronn1e ynenn-
nn 1nrpx1, ne rrapn1e ca omn o1nr ynan npn canxnn na
mr o1 ynan, ne snann n 1ona, ne 1e ca sarpkan nr1nma1a?
Tpe1o. Hopan nnme ome, ne rrapn1e c1anan npony1n
aroapenne na rpexonnn1e snnn na pnxxnn1e, o1 koe1o ce
pasnpa, ne rrapn1e ca xnnen n Pnxcka1a nxnepnx n ne ca n-
n xa1pe1npann o1 pnxxnn1e n npnnyxanann a nrc1ana1
cpemy 1xx.
Ce 1ona Hopan nnme, ne n rrapcka1a sexx nac1anaa
xyncka1a xpoc1 npo1nn pnxxnn1e. Xynn1e nn rrapn1e ca ce
enn na pasnnnn nexena. Enn ce kasnan annarnpn, pyrn
cannpn, 1pe1n xynyrypn. 3a xynyrypn1e nn xynorynypn1e, kon1o
crsaoxa rrapcka1a rpxana, 1o nnme, ne 1e na-nanpe n
eno npanpexe ca xnnen nokpa Meo1ncko1o a1o n Ckn1nx,
ce 1ona n Mnsnx, Tpaknx n aknx n na-ce1ne nak n (Maka)
Ckn1nx nokpa Hepno xope, kre1o 1o cera rn napnna n rra-
pn. Kora1o ca xnnen n Mnsnx, Tpaknx n aknx, xnoro nc1opnnn
ca cnoxenanan 1exnnx 3axokc ka1o enn nsnrnpeno ope sa-
nosna1 c noconx1a xrx. Xepoo1 (IV, 94-96) osnanana 3a-
xokc ka1o enn 1paknckn noco n or, a C1paon (c1p. 297,
298, 304, 762) ka1o re1ckn noco, nnx1o noconx nonnr-
naa xopaa na re1n1e n rn nanpanna cnoconn a noexana1
pnxxnn1e. Xynorypn1e, nn xynorynypn1e, n cannpn1e, nn ce-
nepn1e, kon1o ocnonaxa rrapcka1a rpxana, ca nn nnponex
c1ap ako1paknckn napo, koe1o ce nnxa n o1 Hpokonn. Ce-
ex1e re1ckn nn canxnckn nexena, kon1o ocnonaxa rrapc-
ka1a rpxana, ca nn c1ap aknckn napo, ko1o e nxa axe
n cnox noconx, samo1o nrsrpxanne1o o1 nnnonnene n xeco-
xene e re1ckn nn rrapckn nrsre.
237
He1nrp1o. Ha c1p. 86 n 97 o1 cnox1a Hc1opnx, 3a1apckn nn-
me, ne Kynpa1 ce kasna n Kpona1, a My1annen nnme: ,Henon
oprma nxe1o Kynpa1 na Kpona1. 3nann 1o ne e ne 3a1apc-
kn, kora1o ce e nae a cn ana xnenne1o no 1esn nrnpocn. He
enn peonen rrapckn npoecop no nc1opnx ne snae kak ce e
kasna ocnona1ex1 na rrapcka1a rpxana, 1ona e ec1nn1e-
no xnoro nn1epecno. Tr c1ana 1ax, kre1o nxxa nac1, kox1o a
ce rpnxn sa nayka1a, n kre1o npoecopckn1e xec1a ce saexa1 ne
nrs ocnona na snannx, a aroapenne na nap1nna npnnaex-
noc1.
39. Kak nacxana uoenaxa +racka +mana?
a) Hopan, Hncnec
Hopan n cnox1a Romana Mommsen, c1p. 47, 21 nnme, ne n
nanao1o na Kc1nnnanono1o napynane (okoo 527 r.) rrapn1e
n crms c rennn n xepyn, kon1o xnneexa n Iopna Hanonnx, nec-
1o onyc1omanaxa Hnpnx. Ho-na1a1rk, na c1p. 52, 1o nnme, ne
rrapn1e, ckanenn1e n an1n1e oesnokoxnan ncekn en pnx-
xnn1e. Hpokonn nrk, ko1o napnna Hopanonn1e rrapn xy-
nn, nnme, ne xynn1e, ckanenn1e n an1n1e ycnen a npncrennx1
krx oc1anaa Ckn1nx sexx1a o1 Honncko xope o nperpanx-
1a na Hapnrpa.
H 1r, rrapn1e, kon1o xnneexa na mr o1 ynan, ce crmsx-
nan nenrx c rennn1e n xepyn1e, kon1o xnneexa n Iopna Ha-
nonnx, a pyr nr1 crc ckanenn1e n an1n1e, kon1o xnneexa na ce-
nep o1 ynan. 3amo 1e nanaaxa Hnpnx? 3amo1o Anac1acn e
sa1onn nnpnckn1e nannn, 1a rrapn1e nckaxa a ocnoo-
x1 nnpncka1a nrpkna o1 rprnka1a n ycnxxa n 1ona, samo1o,
ce ka1o saexa Hnpnx o Honncko xope, 1e npnnynxa Kc1n-
nnan a crsae sa nnpnnn1e ocoena apxnennckonnx, kox1o
1o napene Hrpna Kc1nnnana. Tosn crms xexy rrapn n ca-
nxnn nporxn n no-na1a1rk.
Iprnknx1 noe1 Hncnec, ko1o e xnnx no npexe1o na nx-
nepa1op Xepakn (610 641 r.) n e n cnne1e na 1oranam-
na1a ckn1cka nn aapcka nona npo1nn Hapnrpa, kasna n cno-
x1a noexa:
,Bona1a ne eme ennnnna, 1.e. caxo npo1nn enn napo, a
eme oomena n o1npanena npo1nn xnoro cponn n xnoro cr-
msnn napon, samo1o canxnnnr1 rpxeme c xyna, a ckn1r1 c
rrapnna, a crmo n xnnenr1 crc ckn1a. Makap ne ronopx1
238
pasnn napennx n xnnex1 n pasnnnn xec1a n ce pasnnana1 enn
o1 pyr, 1e o1anna ca ce crennnn n ca nonen oma nona
npo1nn nac, samo1o ncka1 a sanasx1 cnoe1o nenpnexnno ne-
pym, nxec1o name1o 1onno yc1anoneno nepym. (Ceorgii Pisidae,
Bellum Avaricum. Bonnae p. 55). Hrpkna1a na ropnn1e nexena
onnpame mxno opn o Coyn (nnx ,Kpona1ona Brrapnx, r.
II, Apxnennckonnx1a Hrpna Kc1nnnana). Bona1a ce e nona
nnponex n 1orana no nepckn npnnnnn.
Kak1o n a e, 1esn nexena ocann okoo 626 r. Hapnrpa.
Hapnrpa no npexe1o na nxnepa1op Xepakn, nn okoo 626 r.,
e n ocaxan o1 canxnn nn xynn n rrapn nn ckn1n, 1.e. o1
nexena1a, kon1o ome no npexe1o na Kc1nnnan ec1naxa sae-
no n ce conxa c apxnennckonnx1a Hrpna Kc1nnnana, n kon1o
no-krcno opasynaxa rrapcka1a rpxana, o1 koe1o ce nnxa,
ne noconenn1e nexena ca xnnen okoo ynan npen Acnapyx.
) Anonnxnnx1 an1op na erena1a sa cn. nxn1rp Coync-
kn, ko1o crmo 1r e n cnne1e na 1esn crn1nx, nn pasnpa-
nx 1ona no-oc1ono. Hakpa1ko nspaseno, 1o kasna:
,Ipar1 Coyn e n c1onna na Hnpnx n ce o1nnana c
pasnn ora1c1na, c xopa sna1nn n nn1enren1nn n 1nrpe naox-
nn n e ec1x c pasnn npepora1nnn (; 9). oka1o pyrn1e rpao-
ne, kon1o c1oxn no nero, nnan onyc1omanann, 1o ennc1nen
n nesanncnx n 1ax ca ce cnacxnan exannn1e o1krx ynanc-
kn1e oac1n, o1 Hanonnx, o1 aknx, o1 apannx n o1 pyrn
nponnnnnn (; 46), oane no npexe1o na ennckon Hoan canxnckn-
x1 napo ce nnrna no non1ec1no1o na Xanon (; 37 46) sa
samn1a na cnox1a penrnx (; 9). Hon1apx ce snann kasano1o o1
Hncnec, ne canxnn1e n pyrn ca ce nn nnrnan nopan cno-
e1o nepym.
Tona xxa nanpannn 1esn nexena n no npexe1o na Kc1n-
nnan. Ho nonexe ne ca xorn a npensexa1 rpaa, 1e crpan no-
aprnn n rn nsnpa1nn na npenon1ex na aapn1e, ka1o xy
oeman n roxxo konnec1no nxnka n napn ce npensexane-
1o na rpaa. To ce crracn n n nporxenne na ne ronnn cr-
ennn ncnnkn cnon napnapckn nexena c ncnnkn canxnn n r-
rapn n c 1ona espono xnoxec1no o1 xopa ncka a a1akyna
rpaa (; 47). B 1ona npexe n coynnann ce noro1nnn sa samn1a.
Hxkoko nn ce noro1onka1a na samn1a1a npenon1ex1 na
aapn1e saeno c pyrapcko1o (crmsno1o) xnoxec1no rrapn n
ncnnkn pyrn cnoxena1n nexena, ce npnnxnn ka1o snxna
nnenna o rpaa (; 48).
239
oka1o Hncnec kasname, ne xynn nn canxnn n ckn1n nn
rrapn, ce nn crmsnn a nanana1 Bnsan1ncka1a nxnepnx,
1yk ce kasna, ne onesn, kon1o nananan Coyn nn rrapn n
canxnn, koe1o e eno n crmo nemo. Honexe canxnn1e nn xy-
nn1e xnneexa na cenep, a rrapn1e na mr o1 ynan, cena, ne
rrapn1e xxa onesn, kon1o nonnkaxa aapn1e a nx noxorna1
a npensexa1 Coyn; ranno c rrapn npenon1ex1 na aapn-
1e nanana Coyn. B nanao1o na VI n. rrapn1e ce crmsxnaxa
c ropnonanonckn1e rennn n xepyn. Cera 1esn ropnonanonckn
xn1en ce kasna1 aapn. Hpenpnx1ne1o ne ycnxo. Crmo ne yc-
nxo n nanaenne1o na Hapnrpa. Tona nakapao rrapn1e a
ce pasepa1 c Xepakn n a nsronx1 aapn1e o1 Hnpnx. B e-
rena1a sa cn. nxn1rp Coynckn nrn nprska c 1ona ce paskasna
ceno1o:
,Kak1o snae1e, xpnc1omnn, nne no-npen nn ronopnxxe sa
canxnn1e n sa aapn1e, kon1o, ce ka1o onyc1omnxa non1n nx-
a Hnpnx, nn nenn1e oac1n, a nxenno: ne1e Hanonnn, ne-
1e aknn (apannx, (Iopna) Mnsnx, Hpenaa, Poona n ncnnkn
oac1n, kak1o n Tpaknx o Ioxxa1a c1ena npn Bnsan1nx) n py-
rn rpaone n okprsn, kasannx1 xaran cn nonnnn nenx napo o
Hanonnx, na kox1o ranen rpa e Cnpxnyx. Hpes 1ona npexe
aapn1e n pyrn1e nexena ce cxecnxa c rrapn n o1nexaxa e-
na enn o1 pyrn, 1a nac1ana roxx napo. (; 110).
O1 npnneeno1o ce nnxa, ne omn1e o1nr ynan n o1krx
Hanonnx aapn n canxnn na mr o1 ynan ca ce cxecnn c r-
rapn, nn ne ka1o rrapn ca osnananann c1apn1e xn1en na
Hnpnx n Tpaknx.
Ce 1ona n ; III ce paskasna, ne aapcknx1 npenon1e, ka-
1o nnx, ne rrapn1e ca o1een napo, nx noc1ann rrapn-
na Kynep sa apxon1 (nonoa). Kynep oane ce nnrna npo1nn
aapn1e, nsronn rn ,no-na1a1rk o1 ynan, noce npexnna y-
nan n ce nac1ann n Kepaxnsncko1o (Hpnencko1o) noe. O11yk
rrapn1e nckan a npensexa1 amnnn1e cn rpaone, a nxenno
Coyn n pyrn1e 1paknckn rpaone, n 1o ranno ,samo1o nn
sanasnn npanocanna1a cn nxpa.
O1nocno 1osn nspas 1pxna a o1eexnx ceno1o: Ban-
ka1a Hoan o1 Hnkny, ko1o e crnpexennnk na Kynpa1, nakpa1ko
nnme (c1p. 460), ne ,Kynpa1, pa1onner1 na Oprana, ko1o cno-
pe na1pnapx Hnknop (c1p. 24) nsronn aapn1e ns o1enec1no-
1o cn n ckmnn xnp c nxnepa1op Xepakn, ko1o 1o cnasn
o kpax na xnno1a cn, n o1pacna n nxnepa1opcknx nop n Ha-
240
pnrpa, kre1o o1 e1nnc1no n npne1 n ono1o na xpnc1nxnc-
1no1o. Hopan 1ona 1o Kynpa1 e n nsrk npnx1e na
nxnepa1op Xepakn, ko1o ro n ocnna c aroexnnx. (Te-
sn aroexnnx ce crc1ox1 n 1ona, ne Xepakn xy noxorna a
nsronn aapn1e o1 o1enec1no1o cn.) Hpes cna1a na xnno1nopno-
1o kprmenne, koe1o n noynn, 1o noen ncnnkn napnapn n
esnnnnnn.
Hpenn na 1ona, e Kynpa1 nn Kynep nsnonxna crmo1o
nepym, koe1o ce e nsnonxnao n Hapnrpa, 1o, ce nsronnane-
1o na aapn1e, noncka a npensexe n Coyn, n pyrn1e 1paknc-
kn rpaone, kre1o ce nsnonxnao 1ona nepym. H n 1ona o1no-
menne 1o me a e n nonoxaran o1 Xepakn, samo1o opa-
1a xy sa Coyn ne ce e nona c nxnepa1opcka1a apxnx, a c na-
nka1a na Coyn Hoan n samo1o ce cxrp11a na Xepakn Kyn-
pa1, nn Kynep, o1 aroapnoc1 krx cnox aroe1e nonoxa-
ra xena xy Map1nna n ena1a , koe1o 1o ne n nanpann, ako
Xepakn e neron npo1nnnnk npn npensexane1o na Coyn n na
pyrn1e 1paknckn rpaone.
Baxno e cnne1ec1no1o na Hoan o1 Hnkny n sa1ona, samo1o
1o, kora1o nncname crn1nx o1 npexe1o na Bn1anan n nxnepa-
1op Anac1acn, kon1o c1anaxa okoo 515 r., napnname Mnsnx
nponnnnnx Brrapnx, o1 koe1o ce pasnpa samo npenon1ex1
na rrapn1e Kynep nn Kynpa1 e o1pacna n Hapnrpa: 1o e
o1pacna n Hapnrpa, samo1o Brrapnx e crc1anxnaa 1orana
nac1 o1 Bnsan1ncka1a nxnepnx. Bona1a, kox1o 1o cera sanon-
na sa Coyn, e osaranena: ,3a 1ano naxncena1a enonexen-
na (pa1cka) nona npo1nn rpaa (Coyn) o1 rrapn1e Manpa n
Kynepa.
Brrapn1e na Kynep ca nn nnponex enonexennn crc
coynnann. Coynnann ca nn rrapn, caxo ne ca ce npn-
rpxan krx rprnko1o nepym. Knpn Kanaoknckn, ko1o e
xon no 1ona npexe n Coyn, e cyma, ne n Coyn 1orana ce
e ronopn rrapckn. Cnope Coyncka1a erena n 1asn op-
a ca nsen ynac1ne ncnnkn rrapckn knxse, a nxenno xopan-
cknx1 nenk knxs ecnxnp n npecancknx1 knxs Panno, kak-
1o n ncnnkn pyrn rrapckn knxse. 3a a nxa ycnex opa1a,
ncnnkn 1esn rrapckn knxse nspan Kynep, nn Kpona1, sa
rannokoxannam, nn nxnepa1op. Brrapn1e nn nsen crc
cee cn Knpn o1 Coyn n ro sanen na p. Bperannna, 1.e. n
c1ana na Kynep. Coyn n npense1. Cera ce pasnpa samo, ko-
ra1o ce cxrp11a na Konc1an1nn Horona1 cnnr1 xy Kc1nnn-
241
an II ncka a nonnnn rrapn1e, 1o 1prrna sa Coyn, oa-
ne rrapn1e ro o1rcnan n npnnynn oc1anan1e o1 ap-
xnx1a xy xnnn xopa a nsxra1 n Asnx: samo1o Coyn n Tpa-
knx, kon1o Kynpa1 ocnoon, ca nn rrapckn n no npexe1o
na Acnapyx.
n) Crmn1e o1nomennx xexy rrapn n canxnn crmec1ny-
naxa n ce cxrp11a na Kpona1. Cnnone1e xy ne nocyman cr-
ne1a xy n ce pasenn. Ka1o nnen 1ona, kosapn1e, kon1o xn-
nen no Kapna1n1e, rn nananan n npnnynn na-c1apnx
pa1 Ba1-Baxn, ko1o rocnoc1na na cenep o1 ynan, a nx
nama anrk. Acnapyx nsxra o1krx nenrp n nec1rp, 1.e.
o1 sexx1a na an1n1e, krx ynan. Brrapn1e nn nanana1n n
o1 Konc1an1nn Horona1, ko1o sanonxa na apxnx1a cn a
naxye o1 Asnx n Tpaknx. Tx axe npexnnaa ynan, no na
pasn1a. O1 koro, nonexe na cenep o1 ynan xnneexa canxnn
nn xynn, a ne rrapn? O1 canxnn nn xynn, samo1o Teoan
n Hnknop, kon1o onncna1 1esn crn1nx, kasna1 nenrx, ne
rrapcka1a rpxana e ocnonana o1 xynn n rrapn, a pyr nr1,
ne e ocnonana o1 canxnn n rrapn. B cynax 1e napnna1 xynn-
1e canxnn n nnma1, ne ce pasnnane1o na nnsan1nnn1e no-
en1en1e ce nn norpnxnn sa samn1a1a cn no cennx na-
nnn: cenepn1e nn nsnpa1enn na ns1ok a nasx1 rpannna1a, a
o1 oc1anan1e ceex canxnckn nexena, c kon1o rrapn1e ce
naxnpan n crms, enn nasnn rpannnn1e npo1nn aapn1e n Ha-
nonnx, a pyrn na mr (o1 rrpnn1e). Canxnn xxa nnponex one-
sn, kon1o pasnxa Horona1.
O1kora crmec1nyna crmsr1 xexy rrapn n canxnn?
Hne noconnxxe 1yk, ne 1o crmec1nyna o1 nanao1o na VI n.
Tosn crms e n snann c1ap, a ne e ckmnen ena ce cxrp11a
na Kpona1.
Hpes 679 r. He e nxao nokopxnane na canxnn o1 rrapn, a
e nxao cnopasyxenne xexy rrapckn1e nexena sa opasyna-
ne na ena oma rpxana. Ce ka1o ce noc1nrna 1asn ne, ncnn-
kn1e oennenn nexena ce napekoxa rrapn. C nxe1o rrapn
sanonnaxa a ce osnanana1 o1cera-na1a1rk ne caxo xn1en1e na
mr o1 ynan, no n onesn n aknx n ona Hanonnx. Kak nac1ana
nnponex rrapcka1a rpxana?
Tx nac1ana, ce ka1o rrapn1e o1xnrpnxa non1nnecko1o
n yxonno1o poc1no na rrpnn1e.
3nann ne e nxao nnkakno naxynane na nxkakna cn 1ypcka
opa, nnkakno nokopxnane na canxnn. He nckaxe a ce nnyckaxe
242
1yk n noponoc1n, me kaxex caxo, ne rrapcka1a nesanncn-
xoc1 ce nsnomna o1 sanann1e rrapn, nn o1 x-onnn1e, kon1o
nemna1a rrapcka ec1nn1enoc1 pasrexa ka1o nerrapn,
samo1o cnope nex rrapn nn caxo onoxnsnnn1e, as-on-
nn1e.
40. yr nnue ox ,naykaxa na cn. ,Hocnexa
Ha c1p. 882 ce kasna: ,Henon cromana: ,1o (Iperopac)
nnme, ne ckn1n1e nxkora ca xnnen o ena roxxa peka, kox-
1o xec1no1o naceenne napnnao Byra n no nex ce napekn
rrapn, n o1 1ona Henon sakmnana: ,Ckn1n1e ca xnnen
nrpnonanano nokpa Bocopa. Onennna nenc1nna, samo1o
Henon ne e nan o1 ropnn1e yxn na Iperopac sakmnenne1o,
ne ckn1n1e ca xnnen nrpnonanano nokpa Bocopa, a e cr-
omn 1nrpenne1o na c1apn an1opn. Ce ka1o 1asn nsxncn-
na ce npnnncna na Henon, ce pasnpanx, ne Byra e Bora n ne
rrapn1e ca xnnen nrpnonanano nokpa Bora. Ho Henon e
npnne n na rprnkn yxn1e na Iperopac, ko1o nnme, ne 1esn
ckn1n-rrapn, ce ka1o npexnnan ne1e Mnsnn (sexx1a o1
Hanonnx o Hepno xope), ce nac1annn n Makeonnx n oc1a-
naa Hnpnx. Tax (n Makeonnx) 1e ca nxan napcko (knxxec-
ko) ceanme, koe1o ce nsnrna no-krcno n rpa, nrsnarpaen
o1 nxnepa1op Kc1nnnan c apxnennckonnx, napenena ,Hrpna
Kc1nnnana. O1 koe1o ce nnxa, ne cnope Iperopac rrapn-
1e ca on1anan ne caxo Makeonnx, no n oc1anaa Hnpnx
npen crsanane1o na Hrpna Kc1nnnana, c1anao n 535 r., n ne
Kc1nnnan e crsa kasana1a apxnennckonnx sa rrapn1e n
Hnpnx, nn Makeonnx. Tona nemo oane, koe1o oopna 1esa-
1a, ne Makeonnx ne e rrapcka sexx, ne ce cnoxenana o1 an-
1opa na ,kpn1nka1a.
Henon nnca ce 1ona:
,Ho neka ce crracnx npexenno c 1ona n a kaxex, ne r-
rapn1e ca 1ypnn, kon1o nxkora ca xnnen nokpa Bora. Tesn 1yp-
nn nacexnaxa npen VI n. He caxo ne1e Mnsnn, no n Makeo-
nnx n oc1anaa Hnpnx. Tona e na-naxno1o sa nc1opnx1a na
rrapn1e. To ce npexrnana n xrkox ce npokapna nsxncnna-
1a, ne 1e ena npes 679 r. Ca nn omn ka1o xaka opnna n
ona Mnsnx, sa1ona rrapn1e nn caxo xn1en1e xexy y-
nan n C1apa nannna! Moxe n nxko a kaxe, ne 1ona e nayka, a
ne e non1nka?
243
Cnncanne ,Hpocne1a e npeckonno n 1ona xxc1o. H o1 1o-
sn ak1 xoxe a ce pasepe an cn. ,Hpocne1a ce sannxana
c nayka, nn crc senoc1anxne. 3a nac e naxno, ne peaknnx1a
na 1ona cnncanne n npn 1r xcno noc1anennx nrnpoc ne e xor-
a a onponeprae 1esa1a na Henon, ne rrapn1e ca nacexna-
n Makeonnx n oc1anaa Hnpnx npen Acnapyx, samo1o sa
1ona nxenno ce cnopn. Koro ynnxana 1asn peaknnx, ka1o ne
xoxe a o1ronopn na saaenn1e nrnpocn, a cn cyxn c pasnn
cnekyannn, sa a sayxana omec1no1o? Tx koxnpoxe1npa
cee cn, nrk n onesn, kon1o 1rpnx1 noonn peak1opn sa npo-
ecopn.
Ha rxa1a kpaka1a ca krcn. Kakno kpn1nkyna1 crmn1e pe-
ak1opn, mox ne xora1 a oopx1 onona, sa koe1o ce cnopn?
41. Hnkoko n+nocn n oxronon nuecxo esmue
a) Kasa n Hpenek n cnox1a ,Hc1opnx na rrapn1e, ne r-
rapn1e ca ypacko, 1.e. nycko nn nncko nexe, koe1o e xnnee-
o no ropno1o 1enenne na pekn1e Bora n Kaxa, kre1o oc1ana-
n a xnnex1 pa1x1a na Acnapyx? Kasa.
Hen1nnnnpa n crmnx1 Hpenek, ce pao1n1e na Henon,
n cnox1a Ceschichte der Serben I, S. 52 n 99, rrapn1e c xynn1e,
kon1o xnneexa nokpa ynan npen Acnapyx? Hen1nnnnpa.
Ko 1orana e koxne1en1en a ronopn no nponsxoa na rra-
pn1e, Hpenek n, ko1o npne npnnnnna na Henon, ne rrapn1e ca
xynn, nn Henon, nn1o npnnnnn ce nrsnpne o1 Hpenek?
) Kasa n C1. Maenon, ne Henon, ko1o o1xnrpx 1esa1a,
ne rrapn1e ca omn o1 Bora 1ypko1a1apn, n 1nrpn, ne 1e ca
xynn, n xpanennk na noenno1o xnnnc1epc1no n n1opn Kprc1io-
nnn, samo1o 1nrpx, ne rrapn1e ca xynn, 1a sa1ona nxxa npa-
no na naynnoc1? Kasa.
Kasa n 1osn Maenon, ne Bnmxanon (ko1o o1xnrpxme
xync1no1o na rrapn1e, samo1o cnope nero rrapn1e ca nn
xnneemn nokpa Bora 1ypnn, nonexe nxe1o rrapnn snaneo
,xrx o1 Bora) ne e npan, samo1o cpoc1no1o nn nen1n1e1r1
na nparrapn1e n xynn1e ne xoxe a ce ocnopna cera, nonexe
nxe1o rrapnn ne no omo o1 Bora, a no ,yaxan (!)
o1 xynckn1e y1nrypn n ky1pnrypn? Kasa.
Honexe nxe1o rrapnn no ,yaxan o1 xynn1e y1nrypn
n ky1pnrypn, nen1nnnnpa n Maenon 1aka rrapn1e c xynn-
1e? Hen1nnnnpa.
244
Hpne n 1o c 1ona npnnnnna na Henon, ne rrapn1e ne ca
omo o1 Bora 1ypnn, a ca xynn, kon1o xnneexa nokpa ynan
npen Acnapyx? Hpne.
Moxa n Maenon a okaxe cnox ,yaxan? He xoxa.
Ko xopa 1orana kasna, ne Maenon, ko1o npne 1esa1a na
Henon, xoxe a re npoecop, a Henon ne? Ko nxa npano
na naynnoc1? Maenon n, nn Henon?
n) Kasa n B. 3a1apckn, ne rrapn1e ca 1ypnn, oneenn n
Mnsnx o1 Acnapyx? Kasa.
Kasa n 1o, ne rrapn1e ca nxan 1ypcko e1opoene? Kasa.
Honexe norpxame 1ona cnoe cxnamane, o1xnrpn n 1o
kanna1ypa1a na Henon, ka1o ro ocnna c na-nyrapnn enn1e-
1n n xy o1pene ncxkakno npano na naynnoc1, samo1o Henon 1nrp-
eme n 1nrpn, ne xynn1e ca rrapn n ne nc1opnx1a na xynn1e
nporxana n onasn na rrapn1e? O1xnrpn.
Kasa n 1o n cnox1a ,Onenka, ne rrapn1e nn nokprc-
1enn o1 rrpnn1e n 864f865 r.? Kasa.
Oxyn n 1o Henon, samo1o nocennx1 cnn1ame n cnn1a
rrapn1e sa c1apn xpnc1nxnn? Oxyn.
Cera neka nnnx, kaknn ,kasnannx nocenaxa ce 1esn
,kasnannx.
r) Kasa n 3a1apckn na c1p. 89 o1 cnox1a nc1opnx, ne yno-
rynypn (kon1o ocnonaxa rrapcka1a rpxana) n yprape, nn
rrapn, ca ne o1enn nexena? Kasa.
Ho1nrpn n 1o c 1ona 1esa1a na Henon? Ho1nrpn.
) Kasa n 1o na c1p. 123, ne onesn, kon1o ca ocnonan r-
rapcka1a rpxana, ca ce kasnan ynorynypn (ynorypn, y1nrypn,
c1p. 89), a ne rrapn, kak1o 1o ocera 1nrpeme? Kasa.
Ho1nrpn n 1o c 1ona 1esa1a na Henon? Ho1nrpn.
Kasa n 1o, ne 1esn ynorypn, y1nrypn n np. ca xnnen no
npexe1o na Kynpa1, ko1o rn n oennn, na cenep o1 nemna-
1a Kankaska nannna nn ne Kpona1ona1a rpxana ce e naxnpa-
a na cenep o1 nemna1a Kankaska nannna? Kasa.
Hanycna n 1o c 1ona 1esa1a, ne Kpona1ona1a rpxana ce
na naxnpaa nokpa pekn1e Bora n Kaxa? Hanycna.
Ho1nrpn n 1o c 1ona 1esa1a na Henon, ne rrapn1e ne ca
omn o1 Bora? Ho1nrpn.
Hnca n 3a1apckn na c1p. 89f90: ,H 1r, nexe1o ynoryny-
pn e npnnaexao krx rrapn1e o1 ns1onnnx kon, xnnxo e
no ckonone1e na cpennx Kankas n n aeno npexe e saxec1no
y1nrypn1e, ka1o saeno crc cnox rocnoap e sac1anao naneo na
245
nnxenne1o npo1nn 1ypnn1e, a na c1p. 83f84: ,O1 1ypckn1e xex-
yoconnn oane na-nrpno ce e nrsnosnaa Bnsan1nx. sa a
sanasn n n reme cnon1e naennx no cenepnn1e perone na
Hepno xope, nnsan1ncko1o npann1ec1no ne xako e cnoxorna-
o sa ocnooxenne1o na rrapn1e o1 1ypcka1a nac1? Hnca.
Hsnsa n o1 1ona, ne ynorypn1e nn y1nrypn1e, kon1o ocno-
naxa rrapcka1a rpxana, ne ca nn 1ypnn, kak1o 3a1apckn
ocera yneme? Hsnsa.
Ho1nrpn n ce c 1ona 1esa1a na Henon, ne onesn, kon1o ca
ocnonan rrapcka1a rpxana ne ca nn 1ypnn? Ho1nrpn ce.
He yna1 n ceona1eno rxnno onesn, kon1o n ynnnma-
1a pasnpanx1 na rrapckn1e ena sa pasnn nnn, ron n ocn
,xanone?
Kasa n 3a1apckn: ,Bcnnkn 1esn ycnexn na Kypa1 Hoan
Hnknyckn npnnncna na ,cna1a na cnoe1o xnno1nopno kprme-
nne, koe1o 1o n noynn n npes koe1o ,1o nen ncnnkn
napnapn n esnnnnnn? Kasa.
Hsnsa n o1 1ona, ne Kypa1, ko1o ocnona rrapcka1a
rpxana, kak1o n cnnone1e xy, ca nn xpnc1nxnn n ne rrapn-
1e ne ca nn nokprc1enn o1 rrpnn1e ena no npexe1o na ,xan
Bopnc, kak1o 3a1apckn ocera 1nrpeme n sa koe1o 1o ynpek-
name Henon? Hsnsa.
e) Kasa n H. My1annen sa 3a1apckn, ne 1o ne e nxa na-
ynen xe1o n ne onona, koe1o e nnca, e nenpnexnno? Kasa.
O1 nsoxeno1o o1yk ce nnxa, ne B. 3a1apckn e nanycna
cxnamannx1a cn no nanao1o na rrapn1e n e nrsnpne cxna-
mannx1a na Henon, a nxenno, ne ocnona1en1e na rrapcka1a
rpxana ne ca ce kasnan rrapn, a ca ce kasnan xynn; ne 1esn
xynn ne ca 1ypnn, ne ca xnnen nokpa Bora n ne ca nn xpnc-
1nxnn npen Acnapyx.
Koe 1orana e xepoanno sa nanao1o na rrapn1e? Mnenn-
e1o na 3a1apckn, Hnkon n My1annen n, nn cy1anonenn1e o1
Henon ak1n, kon1o 1e ca nrsnpnen?
Ako Hpenek, Maenon, 3a1apckn, nnkon n xy1annen cn
cyxa1 c npnnnnna na Henon, ne onesn, kon1o ocnonaxa rrap-
cka1a rpxana, ne ca ce kasnan rrapn, a ca ce kasnan xynn,
kakna ne nxa1 1orana rxnnn1e 1nrpennx na Hnkon n My1a-
nnen, ne nncano1o o1 Henon no o1xnrpeno o1 ncnnkn? Hnkak-
na pyra, ocnen, kak1o n no-npen cnoxenaxxe, a senoc1anx1
Henon, sa a saexa1 xxc1o1o, koe1o no npano npnnaexeme ne-
xy. E1o kak ce saexa npoecopcka ka1epa n Brrapnx.
246
42. Ome nnkon oxsnnn na nymn ynenn sa aoxnxe na Henon
B nanao1o na nac1 n1opa cnoxenaxxe caxo nxkon o1 o1sn-
nn1e sa Henon, samo1o pyrn1e ne nn xxa 1orana no prka. Ho-
nexe n cnncanne1o ,Philologische Wochenschrift ce cnoxenana
xexy onesn, kon1o nn o1xnrpnn pao1a1a na Henon, neka
1yk noconnx, ne n kn. 10 n 11 o1 14 xap1 1931 r. Ha 1ona cnnca-
nne, Xanc nnn e nannca omnpen o1snn nrpxy knnra1a na He-
non ,Die Abstammung der Bulgaren usw., n ko1o kasna nspnnno,
ne ,Henon nsnsa o1 ena nopona nponepka na n1epa1ypnn1e
ns1onnnnn, kon1o xnosnna o1 neronn1e npemec1nennnn ena n
ca nnxan. To yecnxna nn1a1ex, ka1o o1nena1na 1esn ns1on-
nnnn n n opnrnna. O1 crmn1e ns1onnnnn ce nnxa, ne rrapn-
1e ca ce naxnpan na mr o1 ynan ome okoo 350 r., 1r ne 1e ne
ca omn ena npes 679 r. O1 Bora, a ce cnoxenana1 ne caxo
npen canxnn1e, no n npen xynn1e n Hnpnx n Tpaknx.
Tosn rrr o1snn 1yk ne xoxex a npnneex nsnxo. Be ka-
xex caxo, ne an1opr1, ka1o ce cnnpa na noconennx o1 Henon
ak1, ne rrapn1e ca ckn1n, nnme xexy pyro1o:
,Brn ncekn cyna Henon nxa npano a ce onnpa na nsnec1n-
e1o (na Teoan), cnope koe1o Bayapn, noenanannkr1 na Kc-
1nnnan I, crnpa nockn n Ckn1nx n Mnsnx (Bayapn e n
coc1neno noenanannk na Ckn1nx), 1.e. n oac11a na Pnxcka1a
nxnepnx, nn mxno o1 ynan. Ckn1nx e na nnponex pnxcka
nponnnnnx, naxnpaa ce n Pnxcka1a nxnepnx n e exaa kpa
ynan o Mnsnx. Mnsnx n Brrapnx ce cnoxenana1 n n kap1a1a
na cn. Heponnx npes IV n. ,Moesia hec et Vulgaria. Honexe no-
ono nemo nsnec1xna n xponorpar1 o1 354 r., koro1o Moxsen
nsae, kre1o ,Ziezi ex quo Vulgares (Hnenn, o1 kon1o ca npo-
nsesn rrapn1e) ca noc1anenn n Tpaknx, npnnyen crx a cn
nsxenx npenmno1o xnenne. As no-npen (Philipp, Die histor-
geogr. Quellen in den etymologgiae lsidorius v. Sevilla, Bd. I. 25.
Berlin, Weidmann, 1912) o1xnrpxx kap1a1a na Heponnx, nonexe
1o e xnnx npes IV n., n cxx1ax sa okonna1eno okasano, ne
rrapn1e ca ce noxnnn n Mnsnx ena npes 679 r. Cera nnxax,
ne Heponnx n xponorpar1 kasna1 eno n crmo nemo n ne r-
rapn1e ca xnnen ec1nn1eno n Mnsnx ome npes 350 r. Crrac-
no c 1ona e n ne ro1r1 Teoopnx e n nomna c rrapn sa Cnp-
xnyx, 1.e. sa Hnpnx. Tona ce cromana o1 Enon, ko1o cno-
xenana enn ,ductor Vulgarum (nonoa na rrapn1e), noce
o1 Kacnoop n xponnka1a xy o1 504 r. n np., n np.
247
Ce ka1o nspoxna n pyrn1e npnneenn o1 xen cnne1ec-
1na, penensen1r1 nnme:
,Bcnnkn noconenn ak1n, kon1o crc1anxna1 caxo ena nac1
o1 onesn, kon1o Henon e o1nena1a n opnrnna, okasna1, ne r-
rapn1e ca xnnen ome npes 350 r. nokpa onnx ynan nrn Bn-
san1ncka1a nxnepnx, 1.e. mxno o1 onnx ynan n ne 1e ca n-
n enn xorrm napo ne caxo n Mnsnx, no n n Tpaknx n Hnpnx.
A n Indogermanische Forschungen, Heft 2, 1933, npo. Ma-
ep nnme:
,Baxnn ca npnneenn1e o1 nero (Henon) ak1n, ne rrapn-
1e ca ce naxnpan na Bakann1e o1 IV n. nacax, c kon1o ak1n
an1opr1 e paska1n axe n omo1o xnenne sa ocnonanane1o na
rrapcka1a rpxana n 679 r. o1 ena mena xonrockn rrapn.
O1 npnneeno1o ce nnxa kak enn ynen, koro1o nn1epecyna
nc1nna1a, npnsnana, ne npenmnn1e xy xnennx sa rrapn1e ca
nn norpemnn n ne Henon e npan, ka1o 1nrpn, ne rrapn1e ca
c1apn 1pakonnpnnn, a ne ca krcno omn xonronn. Ho 1asn
oec1 a npnsnax1 cnon1e rpemkn n sayxennx n a ce
npekonx1 npe nc1nna1a e crncex nyxa na no-npen cnoxe-
na1n1e rrapckn npoecopn. Txxna1a ,oec1 ce crc1on n
cynax caxo n 1ona a senoc1anx1 Henon c pasnn nenc1nnn,
sa a noc1nrna1 ena nexopana ne, kox1o ns1rknaxxe nene no-
rope. Oane magna est veritas et praevalebit! (Benka e nc1nna1a n
me npeooee!); ocnen 1ona n Brrapnx nxa crnnma, nxa npa-
nn1ec1no, nxa Hapono crpanne, nxa Hap; me nnnx an 1e-
sn nnc1n1ynnn me oopx1 enn 1akrn nyonnmen xopa, kakrn-
1o ce npak1nkyna o1 ropekasann1e namn ,ynenn.
43. Hakasaxenn canknnn
H. 19 o1 3akona sa an1opcko1o npano racn:
,Hpn ncnnkn onyc1nxn o1 sakona sanxc1nannx o1 nyxo
nponsneenne sarxn1eno e a ce noconn an1opr1, ns1onnnkr1,
o1kre1o e nanpaneno sanxc1nane1o.
A n. 21 o1 crmnx sakon racn:
,Ko1o yxnmeno nn no nenpenasnnoc1 napymn npana1a
na an1opa, e rxen a sana1n na no1rpnenmnx ncnnkn npnnn-
nenn nexy npen.
A 1esn npen ca nsnrnpeno roexn.
3a a npenoana cnon1e rxonnn cxnamannx, ne Tpaknx n
Makeonnx ne ca rrapckn sexn, cxnamannx, kon1o ce okasaxa
248
ka1ac1poann sa cra1a na rrapcknx napo npn onpeexne
rpannnn1e na nerona1a rpxana n Neuilly*, 3a1apckn e noynn
o1 rpxana1a sana1a okoo ceex xnnona ena.
Crmo 1akana cyxa e noxapnn n Henon, sa a yc1anonn c ne-
oopnxn ak1n, ne rrapn1e ca nacexnan Tpaknx n Makeo-
nnx npen Acnapyx n ne 1e ne ca nnkaknn npnmrnn, nn1o nrk 1y-
pano-xonronn, a, nanpo1nn, ne ca an1ox1onn 1paknnn n na-
nnc1n canxnn, nacexnamn Bakancknx noyoc1pon o1 nax1nne-
ka (no-c1apn ca o1 ncnnkn pyrn xn1en na noyoc1pona), n ca
nrpan nc1opnnecka pox nen ne xnxn ronnn npen xnnxo-
1o ocnonanane na rrapcka1a rpxana o1 Acnapyx, kox1o e n-
a ocnonana n ec1nn1enoc1 xnoro no-pano, ka1o ce e npoc1n-
paa o caxn1e c1enn na Hapnrpa n e oxnamaa ncnnkn sexn
o1 Kapna1n1e o Bxo xope n o1 Hepno xope o Apna1nnecko
xope (c nskmnenne na ceneposanannx kpa na noyoc1pona) n
o Honncko xope; ne rrapn1e ca nrpnnx1 napo n Enpona,
ko1o e npne xpnc1nxnc1no1o nanpano o1 anoc1o Hane (r-
rapcka1a nrpkna snann e nrpna1a ynpeena n Enpona xpnc1nxnc-
ka nrpkna); ne 1e ca nxan caxoc1ox1ena nrpkonna oprannsa-
nnx ome o1 npexe1o na Konc1an1nn Benkn (IV n.), kora1o n e n-
o npeneeno Cn. nncanne na rrapckn esnk c opnrnnana r-
rapcka asyka; ne ca nsnonxnan caxoc1ox1eno xpnc1nxncko
nepym, pasnnno o1 rprnko1o n pnxcko1o, sa koe1o cnoe nepym
1e ca nonn nxkokonekonna opa c nnsan1ncka1a rpxana n
Hapnrpacka1a na1pnapmnx, oka1o na-noce ca ycnen a cn
nsnomna1 no npexe1o na Kc1nnnan Benkn (535 r.) an1okeana
rrapcka apxnennckonnx n rp. Oxpn c panr, panen na pnxcknx
nana, mpncnknnx1a na kox1o apxnennckonnx ce e npoc1npaa o1
Hanonnx o Heononec, ka1o no 1osn nannn e oxnamaa non1n
nxa1a sanana noonnna na Bakancknx noyoc1pon.
B ,Meyers Konversations-Lexikon ne1ex no yxa1a narn-
a1: ,Harna1 e n1epa1ypna kpaxa. Tx e c1anaa, kora1o nxko
nnca1e nn xyoxnnk npec1ann sa cnoe onona, koe1o e nanpa-
nn pyr. B 1osn cyna ca npec1anenn sa ,cnon okasann1e o1
Henon 1esn:
a) ne xynn n rrapn ca nn nrpnonanano na o1enn na-
poa;
) ne rrapcka1a rpxana e ocnonana o1 xynn, a ne o1 r-
rapn, kak1o nrpnonanano ce yneme;
n) ne rrapn1e ne ca omn o1 Bora;
249
___________
* Hio .p.
r) ne rrapn1e ne ca 1ypnn;
) ne Kpona1, ocnona1ex1 na rrapcka1a rpxana, e n
xpnc1nxnnn, nn ne rrapcka1a nnac1nx e na xpnc1nxncka
npen Acnapyx n ne ceona1eno 1x ne ce e na nokprc1na e-
na n 864f865 r.
Iocnoa1a Hnkon n My1annen nrpma1 narna1c1no, ka1o ne
cnoxenana1 nxe1o na Henon n nnma1, ne 1pyone1e na Henon n-
n o1xnrpenn o1 nenx cnx1. 3akonr1 1pxna a ce npnoxn.
Hpnnnnenn1e na Henon npen n saryn 1pxna a ce sana1x1.
Tona 1pxna a c1ane ne caxo sapan Henon, no n sapan Brra-
pnx, samo1o 1osn xopa ce n1rnxna na nama1a xaex n samo-
1o 1aka nrsnn1anana1a rrapcka xaex me noryn Brrapnx.
250
CHHCTK
na nnxnanaxa ox noq. I. Henon nxeaxya*
1) pnnon, Crnnnennx I, 32
2) Bnmxanon, Copnnk sa naponn yxo1nopennx, XVI n XVII,
c1p. 743-744.
3) Nic. Cregoras, Bonnae vol. I, 26.
4) Vnn1eckn nec1nnk, ro. V, 1906-1907, p. 16-17, c1p. 262-265.
5) Bpancko nepnonnno cnncanne, kn. V-VI, c1a1nx ,Xynn n
cxe nne?, c1p. 210-230.
6) pnnon, Crnnnennx III, c1p. 202-203.
7) Cnncanne ,Pona pen, ro. VII, 1934 r., kn. 3 n 4, c1p. 114, 120,
123, 124.
8) Maenon, ,Ceschichte der bulgarischen Sprache, 1929, S. 17.
9) Maenon, ,Ceschichte der bulgarischen Sprache, 1929, S. 16.
10) Proc. Bg. IV, 3, 3.
11) A. Tougard, De l'Histoire profane, p.66, 246.
12) Herodot. IV, 86.
13) Apollodor, II, 7-8, ed. Wagner.
14) Aeschil, Prometheus, 703 et cet.
15) Strabon, p.125 ; 23.
16) Flavius Joseph. Paris 1865. Antiq. Jud. I, 6. 1.
17) Procop. Bg. IV, 6, 16.
18) Theophanes, p. 356-357; Mikeph., p. 33.
19) CeticaV, 38.
20) H. Zotenderg, Jean, eveque de Nikiou, p. 378.
21) Cetica V, 37.
22) ed. Bonnae. III. De adm. imper., p. 44 et cet.
23) Theophanes, p. 143.
24) Johann. Antioch., p. 619.
25) B. 3a1apckn Hc1opnx I, 43.
26) Pauli Historia Romana. Monum. Cerm. histor. 11, 213f
27) Jord. Cetica LVIII, 300.
28) Ennodius, Monumenta Cermaniae Auct. antiq., p. 211.
29) Monum. Cerm. Auctor. antiq., VII, p. 211.
30) Monum. Cerm. Auctor. antiq., 12, p. 252
31) Cassiodorus, Monum. Cerm. ibid., p. 239-249.
251
___________
* An1opn1e n nnponn1e osnanennx ca npenncann yknano o1 opnrnnano1o
nrpno nsanne na knnra1a. .p.
32) Part. 1.69, coi. 1247.
33) B. 3a1apckn. Hc1opnx I, 46.
34) B. 3a1apckn. Hc1opnx I, 43.
35) B. 3a1apckn. Hc1opnx I, 44.
36) Theophanes, p. 157.
37) Zonaras, Bonnae III, 144.
38) Malala. p. 451.
39) Theophanes, p. 219.
40) B. 3a1apckn. Hc1opnx I, 54.
41) Maaa, c1p. 432.
42) Procopius, De bello Persico II, 4, 11.
43) Procopius, Anek. 18, 20.
44) Malala. Bonnae, p. 97.
45) Part. I. 128. col. 1393.
46) B. 3a1apckn. Hc1opnx I, 92.
47) Theophanes, p. 356-357.
48) B. 3a1apckn. Hc1opnx I, 83-84.
49) B. 3a1apckn. Hc1opnx I, 72-92.
50) Procop. Bg. IV. 4, 7-9.
51) Hopan V, 35 n 37; Panencknx kosxorpa IV, 6.
52) Paulus, Histona Langobardorum I, 16.
53) Theophil Simocatta. I, 8, 10.
54) Ceorgi Pisidae Bellum Avaricum. p. 55.
55) Teonak1 Cnxoka1a. VII, 2, 16 n 4, 1; Teoan, c1p. 274-275.
56) Theophanes, p. 277.
57) Simocatta. Ill, 4, 7; VI, 6, 14; VII. 2, 5.
58) A. Tougard, De I'histoire profane, ; 47, p. 130.
59) A. Tougard, De I'histoire profane, ; 110, p.186.
60) Cnxoka1a. VII, 7, 13; VIII, 1-4.
61) H. Iasynon, He1onnci Hec1opa. C. He1epypr 1903, c1p. 3.
62) Theophanes, p. 315.
63) Niceph., ed. de Boor, p. 24.
64) Tougard. ; 110, 111, p. 186, 188.
65) Tougard, ; 112, p. 190; ; 110, 113 n cenamn1e asann na
,Kponamona Brrapnx....
66) Pair. gr.. 126, col. 189.
67) Cetica V, 37.
68) Finder et Partey, Ravennatis anonymi cosmographia, p. 168.
69) Jord., 48, 247.
70) Theoph., p. 358.
71) XMH Hpocn. 1883. N 226.
252
72) Theoph., p. 359; Niceph., p. 35.
73) B. 3a1apckn. Hc1opnx I, 142.
74) Eusebius. Vita Constantini II, 45; Theodoret. I, 15; Socrates
I, 9.
75) Codinus, De origine Constantinop. Bonnae, p. 22-23.
76) Eusebius. Vita Constantini IV, 36.
77) Philostorgius II, 5.
78) Socrates, Historia ecclesiast II, 41.
79) Philostorgius II, 5.
80) Teogopem I, 12.
81) Patr. gr. 24, col. 710.
82) Teogopem II, 21.
83) Teogopem II, 22.
84) C. Tzenoff, Ceschichte der Bulgaren und der anderen
Sudslaven, 1935, S. 64-76; Bnx Enanrene o1 Hyka 24:49 n e-
xnnx na cn. anoc1on 1:8.
85) Hefele, Conziliengeschichte II, 11.
86) Part. 1. 22. col. 870.
87) Sozomen. Histor. ecclesiast VII, 26.
88) Part. I. 114, col. 927.
89) Jord. Cetica LI, 267.
90) Part. 1, LI.
91) Cosoxen VIII, 4, 17.
92) Teoope1 V, 31.
93) Patr. gr.55, col. 186.
94) Teoopn I, 379-395; Apkanx 395-408; Teoocn II, 408-450.
95) Comes Marcelinus, Chronicon. ad a. 516; Part. I. LI, col. 939.
96) Hopan Hnanon, Brrapckn c1apnnn ns Makeonnx, c1p.
145.
97) Theoph. p. 157.
98) Malalas, p. 402; Theoph. p. 160.
99) Patr. gr.1. 63, col. 373.
100) Teoan, 160-161.
101) Patr. gr. 1. 63, col. 473.
102) Patr. gr. 1. 63, col. 396.
103) Alfred Shoene, Eusebius Chronik, Berlin 1875, Appendix IV, p.
81.
104) Dat. XV11I. Kal. Mai. (Belisario v. C. Cons.) Corpus Juris
civilis. Berolini 1895 III, p. 94.
105) Zachariae von Lingenthal, Beitrage zur Ceschichte der bulgar-
ischen Kirche, S. 8.
253
106) Part. 1 79, col. 558. 607. 1004.
107) Nic. Cregoras, Bonnae vol. 1, 26-27.
108) Patr. gr.104, col. 989.
109) Patr. gr.137, col. 317-320
110) Part. I. LI.
111) Ceorg. Pisid., p. 55.
112) A. Tougard, ; 9, p. 90.
113) A. Tougard, ; 111, p. 188.
114) Theophanes, p. 482-483.
115) Theophanes, p. 490.
116) L. B. Chabot, Chronique de Michel le Syrien, t. Ill, fasc. I. Paris
1905, p.17.
117) B. 3a1apckn, Hc1opnx I, c1p. 256.
118) B. 3a1apckn, Hc1opnx I, c1p. 261.
119) Teoan, c1p. 495.
120) B. 3a1apckn, Hc1opnx I, c1p. 291.
121) Hamartolus, p. 725.
122) Patr. gr. 126, col. 176 et. 208.
123) Honakonnn, Cnoxenn III, c1p. 181; Hopan Hnanon, Cenepna
Makeonnx, c1p. 75.
124) Bniacon II., c1p. 239-240.
125) Part. 1. 119, col. 779.
126) Patr. gr. 102, col. 724-725 ;3.
127) Brrapckn c1apnnn, kn. V, c1p. 122.
128) Socr. I, 22; Euseb. VII, 31.
129) Patr. gr.102. col. 721.
130) Part. 1. 129, col. 18-21.
131) Anastasii Bioliothecarii, Historia de vitis Romanorum
Pontificum. Part. I. 128, col. 1374 ; 608.
132) Responsa ad consulta Bulgarorum. Part. I. 119, ; 72, col. 1070.
133) Part. 1. 128. col. 1374 ; 609.
134) B. 3a1apckn, Hc1opnx II, c1p. 109.
135) A. Teoopon-Baan. Knpn n Me1on-Conx 1920 r., c1p.
59.
136) Anastasius. ibid., col. 1374.
137) Part. I. 120, col. 1391 etc.
138) Part. I. 129, col. 18-21
139) Part. 1. 20. col. 548.
140) B. 3a1apckn, Hc1opnx II, c1p. 146.
141) Franz Joseph Peters, Katholische Religionslehre. Bonn
1926, S. 120-121.
254
142) W. Watenbach. Beitrage zur Cechichte der christlichen
Kirchein, Mahren und Bohmen. S. 44-45.
143) Patr. gr.102, col. 721. ; 9.
144) Vita Clementis ; 8; Patr. gr. 126, col. 1208-1209.
145) Patr. gr. 126, col. 228; Patr. gr. 123, col. 1224.
146) Byzantinische Zeitschrift Bd. II, 44.
147) Theophylacti Epistolae, epistola XXVII, ed. Meursio; Hopan
Hnanon, Brrapn1e n Makeonnx, cmp. 144.
148) Onenka na crnnnenne1o sa xann1annx na -p Ianno Henon,
c1p. 4.
BEHEKA OT H3ATEHB
B opnrnnano1o nsanne o1 1937 ronna nxa nosonana-
nnx na an1opa -p Ianno Henon, caxnx1 1o naeem nx-
koko pennn esnka, nrpxy 1ekc1one na rprnkn, kak1o n nn-
1a1n na sarannx na rprnkn esnk.
C ore na nnaxnka1a na name1o npexe, sarpsannx pn-
1rx n nsnrnenne na okann n c1pa1ernneckn saann, n na-
c1oxmo1o nsanne ne ca o1pasenn 1esn 1ekc1one na rprnkn.
3a1ona nrk n eexkn1e n kpax na knnra1a nn1a1ex1 xoxe
a naxepn cro1ne1nnx ns1onnnk.
Hsa1ex1 ce nsnnnxna npe akaexnnnnx yx na an1opa
sa 1ona. Hac1oxmo1o onepa1nnno nsanne nxa sa ne no-
ckopo a pasyn nn1epec krx peana1a rrapcka nc1o-
pnx. Caxnx1 -p Ianno Henon e n ena kak1o akaexnnna
nrypa, 1aka n xnoro npxx nonek, n n nac1oxmnx xoxen1 c
ore na saana1a, kox1o nxa1 a nsnrnxna1 neronn1e
1pyone cera, 1o nepox1no n nn npoc1n 1ona crsna1eno
nsnyckane na akaexnnnn1e xe1on. Bepox1no me 1pxna
a ce npenoana cnennano n nacone1e no rrapcka
nc1opnx eo1o na -p Ianno Henon.
255
ChhP+AHHf
Knnra nrpna
KPOATOA hhNfAPHB
Knnra n1opa
HOKPhCTAHfTO HA
hhNfAPHTf
Hpnoxenne 1
hhNfAPCKATA HCTOPHB
HAH-HOA hhNfAPHB
Hpnoxenne 2
HPOKOHOHTf kYHH H
TfOdAHOH hhNfAPH
257
a Bor c nac1oxma1a knnra a ce noc1ann npenpa1
n Ianno1o Ha-naxno1o, sa nac1oxmo1o n1ne na
rrapn1e n Brrapnx n no cne1a, yoneno o1 xyoxnn-
ka nxn1rp Imxenon: A CE CHOXH KPAH HA
HPOCHOBVTOTO PA3EHHEHHE, KOETO HPEHH
HA POA BTHIAPCKH, 1onno onona, koe1o Kypa1
nxa npenn c nnrna1a1a cn prka, A HPEBTE
BTEBOTO EHHEHHE, samo1o ako ro nxxa, nnx1e
nenana1a nc1opnx, orea1e ce n aennna1a, ne nn
n ce onakna nce nopan pasennenne, mo1o ecno
ce npenynna1 o1enn1e nprnkn o1 cnona. Bpexe e sa
ennenne! Kpona1ona1a Brrapnx ne e na caxo
saranne, a e na Peanoc1! Be x re n n reme!
258