Delhi Jal Board

Submitted By Sushil Kumar Chemical Engg.

ADVANCED WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

Organization Profile

Delhi Jal Board (DJB) was constituted on 6 April 1998 under Delhi Water Board Act, 1998, for the functions of water supply, sewerage and sewage disposal and drainage within the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Delhi Jal Board is responsible for production, treatment and distribution of drinking water in Delhi. Delhi Jal Board has a network of water pipe lines over 9000 kms . Raw water sources are Yamuna river , Bhakhra storage, Upper Ganga canal & Groundwater. The installed capacity of Water Treatment Plants is 747 MGD and by optimization through Tube wells, about 835 MGD potable water is being supplied. Delhi Jal Board has constructed 53 new Under Ground Reservoirs and Booster Pumping Stations with a view to rationalize the distribution of water.

Steps Of Water Treatment

Raw Water Reservoir

Screening Of Raw Water

Grit Removal Chamber

Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment System

Biological Oxidation Treatment System

Flush Mixing

Coagulation & Flocculation Treatment System

Sedimentation System

Sand Bed Filtration

Ozone Treatment System & Ultraviolet disinfection

Screening of raw water

Screening is the first treatment station. Screening is carried to out by an automatically cleaned bar screen.

Efficiency of the screening operation

Its depends on the spacing between screen bars:

Coarse screening , for spacing of over 40 mm. Medium screening , for a spacing of 10 to 40 mm. Fine screening , for a spacing under 10 mm.

Grit Removal System

Removal of grit is achieved by differential sedimentation, in which the flow velocity is so controlled that grit may settle, Velocity control may be achieved hydraulically, as in constant velocity chambers, by air-induced helical rolling motion, or by mechanically induced vortex chamber.

Girt Removal Operation

To remove the sand & grit particles air is induced in helical motion to collect the grit, remove through a grit hopper.

Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment System

(PACT )is a water technology in which powdered activated carbon is added to an

anaerobic or aerobic treatment system. Carbon black is a buffer agent against toxic organics. Activated carbon is produced from carbonaceous source materials such as nutshells, coconut husk, peat, wood lignite, coal, and petroleum pitch

Function of activated carbon is:

1. 2. 3.
4.

To prevent a rapid change in pH, Aesthetic problems with the water , Controls Odor and Taste issues,
Adsorptive capacity for inorganic
Such as (hydrogen sulfide, NH3 & Hg)

Biological Oxidation Treatment System

The process by which microorganisms consume dissolved oxygen and organic substances in water, convert organic carbon into carbon dioxide and cellular material. Aeration is the intimate exposure of water and air, various reactions can occur between the components of the air and the components of the water. Air bubbles carry off the most volatile of the taste- and odor-causing organics.

Flash Mixing System

After screening out debris and testing the raw water, water treatment really begins at the flash mix chamber. Chemicals (coagulant) are added to the water, which are alum (aluminum sulphate) , iron chloride primarily to aid in coagulation and flocculation.

The water is agitated violently for a short period of time.

Coagulation

Purpose

Purpose of the coagulation/flocculation process is the removal of turbidity from the water.

Function

The coagulant chemicals neutralize the electrical charges of the fine particles in the water, allowing the particles to come closer together and form large clumps.

Coagulant Conversion

During coagulation fine particles in the water come closer together and form large clumps.

Flocculation

Flocculation is a process which clarifies the water. Clarifying means removing any turbidity or colour so that the water is clear and colourless. Initially the precipitate forms as very small particles but as the water is gently stirred, these particles stick together to form bigger particles.

Flocculation typically lasts for about thirty to forty-five minutes.

Floc

The end product of a coagulation/flocculation

process is water in which the majority of the turbidity has been collected into floc,

The best floc size is 0.1 to 3 mm clumps of bacteria and particulate

impurities that have come together and formed a cluster.

Sedimentation

Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water. Due to the low velocity, the suspended particulates in the water tend to settle at the bottom.

Clarifier Circular Sedimentation Tanks

Sand Bed Filtration

Removal of suspended solids by sand bed filters work as fluid flows through the porous sand along a tortuous route, the particulates come close to sand grains.

Suspended particulates can be captured by one of several mechanisms:

1.
2. 3. 4.

Direct collision
vander waals surface charge attraction Diffusion

Ozone Disinfection

Ozone is an unstable gas comprising of three oxygen atoms,

the gas will readily degrade back to oxygen, and during this transition a free oxygen atom, or free radical is form. The rate of degradation is a function of water chemistry, pH and water temperature. The free oxygen radical is highly reactive and short lived; over a time frame ranging from a few seconds to 30 minutes. Ozone is a colorless gas that has an odor similar to smell of the air. Ozone has greater disinfection

effectiveness against bacteria and

viruses compared to chlorination.

Ozone Manufacturing Process

To use ozone as a disinfectant, it must be created on-site and added to the water by bubble contact. ozone generators, includes passing dry, clean air through a high voltage electric discharge (corona discharge),

The raw water is then passed through a venturi throat which creates a vacuum and pulls the ozone gas into the water or the air is then bubbled up through the water being treated.

Primary Advantages of Ozone

Eliminate a wide variety of inorganic &organic Eliminate microbiological problems Reduce bacteria, viruses, and protozoon's Eliminate taste and odor problems Mainly no chemicals required

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Query Time

Thank you!