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THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISMIN EAST- JAVAbyArief Rahman, ST, MM.Faculty of Economics Airlangga UniversitySurabaya-Indonesia
ariefindonesia@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Tourism in all parts of the world has been an important sector to gaindevisa and enable economic movement. It is also one of three super serviceindustries together with information technology and telecommunication which isexperiencing fast growth. Recently in Indonesia, travel and tourism sector are also becoming development priority after bombing, terorism issues and contagiousdeseases that cause the decreasing of tourism sector in the last five years.Tourism industries in East Java have 605 tourism objects, potentially andstrategically to become tourist main destination. Morever, East Jawa lies in thecentre of three popular tourism destination areas like Bali, Jogjakarta and CentralJava.Its key success factors rely on choosing strategies for developing East JavaTourism sector. Then, East Java will have magnetism for foreign and domestictourists whose all the time preferring out bond tours onto neighbour countries likeMalaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.This research goal is to find strategic factors (internal and external) thatinfluence East Java tourism development, and then, followed by strategicrecommendations to develop tourism sector using qualitative method, particularlydescriptive-evaluative type.The data collection were collected from Dinas Pariwisata Jawa Timur,Dinas Perhubungan Jawa Timur, DPRD Jawa Timur, Dinas Pariwisata Surabaya,Probolinggo, Magetan and Mojokerto. Also at ASITA (
 Association of the Indonesian Tours and Travel Agencies
) Jawa Timur, PHRI (Perhimpunan Hoteldan Restoran Indonesia) Jawa Timur, HPI (Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia)Jawa Timur and Casa Grande Surabaya. Including tourism objects directobservation in Kabupaten Magetan, Kota Madiun, Kabupaten Pacitan, Kabupatendan Kota Probolinggo, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Kabupaten Gresik, Kota Batu,Kabupaten Lamongan, and Kota Surabaya.The recommendations from the research are to create synergy between allEast Java tourism stake holders. Managerial up grading on tourism objectsmanagement and quality of its services. Increase quality of tourism humanresources, and infrastructure particularly at Southside of East Java. Intensificationand extend of promotion, marketing and create positioning. At last, it is alsoimportant to consider the market potency of abroad and domestic tourists, as wellas to increase tourists’ safety and comfort.
 Key words
: Tourism, Strategic factors, strategic development.1
 
INTRODUCTION
Tourism as one of the national development programs in Indonesia, now has become a focus of national and regional government. The development of tourism will be conducted with the variety of culture, art and natural condition.It is being estimated that economics world will be supported by three super service industry, such as information technology, telecommunication and tourism( Yoeti, 1999,5).In 1999 it seems that the performance of tourism in Indonesia getting better eventhe growth is still in the small scale about 2,6 % with 4.73 million visitors andUS$4.71 billion income ( Musa, 2005:3)The unpredictable situation in Indonesa, due to the economics crisis, Bali blast and terorism issue and global desease like avia flu, brought some effects tothe tourism industry both globally and nationally. After economic crisis thenumber of foreign tourists is decreasing. In 2001 the number of visitor is5,153,600 and became 5,033,400 in 2002. (BPS Pusat, 2004: 78).The effort to raise the national tourism industy need integrated link amongevery elements in tourism activities. It means that if one of the activities weak,than will be affecting the performance of tourism industry. The improvement of tourism industry really need a serious plan, coordination and link among everysingle element which support tourism ( Spilane, 1987:92).The purposes of this research focus on the effort of development intourism sector through the implementation of strategic management. Firstly, itwill discribe the potentials and obstacles that East Java has in the tourismdevelopment. Secondly to find the strategic factors that influece the effort of thedevelopment tourism sector. Finnally conducting the formulation of strategic andteh development programs throgh the analysis of strategic management.
Conceptual Framework 
Tourism is estimated being the dominance income of the regional area of EastJava. The development of tourism sector has the importance role, because it willraise the regional income and also job opportunities. Moreover the developmentof tourism has an importance role to keep the culture remains.By the definition, tourism is traveling from one place to another, both individualand groups to find the pleasure and happiness with the scenery, culture, art,knowledge and science. ( Soekardijo, 2000:5).Tourism is also known as a business activities in providing goods and services for the tourists concerning with the nessecities in traveling. So tourism is an activitythat consist of hundred element of business, include transportation like flight,cruise, train, tour agents, travel biroes, hotels , restaurant, convention hall, etc.( Lundberg, et al., 1997:6)In other words so tourism is such an economic activity. In the global perspective,tourism is an economic industry that has a biggest position in the future, andcalled as “ the biggest earner and employer” (Yoeti, 1998:9). The definition of tourim will expand in more complex way in the future. This research concern withthe tourism development that include the facilities, marketing, potential area and participation of all of parties in the tourism industry.2
 
In developing the tourism area, it needs to be supported by the following factors:1.The potential tourism such as the scenery, culture, tradition, art andhistorical places2.The facilities include infrastructure of transportation, hotels andrestaurants3. Marketing is an effort to increase the visitors and tourism image.4.Society participation in making tourism development5.Financial support from national and regional or local government fofunding the tourism development
The tourism plan
Optimizing the advantages and preventing from negative effects of tourism, thegood plan is needed. The following reasons below show the importance of tourism plan.1.Management of modern tourism is still a new area both for governmentand the private institution.2.Tourism is complicated and concern with multi sectors area, includesectors like agriculture, fishery, historical landmark, transportation,infrastructure, etc.3.Tourism is a service marketing, it is closely related to the place, facilitiesand services that need an integration among them.4.Tourism is really influenced by the changes in time, market trend and allinternal and external environmental changes5.Tourism need human resources that have expertise and specificcapabilities in the tourism business areas.6.The tourism development needs a specific organization structure,marketing strategies, promotion programs, legal aspect and regulation7.The good plan can give a rational bases for the project development to public and private sectors in investment planningAccording to Mountinho strategic planning in the tourism organization is thedevelopment of the long range planning starting with the analysis of opportunitiesand threats faced by the tourism organization. The strategic planning process isdescribed in the figure-1 below.3
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